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which have been called "irresistibly comic to a modern audience". It is believed, however, that the comic or sad expressions were not intended or perceived as such by the makers, who instead saw strength, ferocity, or in the case of the queens who hold their heads with a hand and seemingly pensive expression, "contemplation, repose, and possibly wisdom".
5626:
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401:– 4 in). Although there are 19 pawns (a complete set requires 16), they have the greatest range of sizes of all the pieces, which has suggested that the 79 chess pieces might belong to at least five sets. All the pawns are smaller, geometric shapes – cylinders and "tombstones" – perhaps intended to resemble
660:, which operates its museum near the find site, features detailed information about the chessmen and Norse occupation in Lewis. It has published that it cannot claim to own the pieces and would allow the normal museum market to determine whether more originals should rest in Edinburgh. It welcomes short-term loans.
428:
Scholars have observed that to the modern eye the figural pieces, with their bulging eyes and glum expressions, have a distinctly comic character. This is especially true of one rook ("warder 4" in Madden's numbering) with a worried, sideways glance and the berserker rooks biting their shields,
265:
and some 6 miles (10 km) further south down the coast—is a more likely place for the hoard to have been discovered. The hoard was divided and sold in the 19th century; the
British Museum holds 82 pieces, and National Museum of Scotland has 11 pieces, and the recently rediscovered
284:
There are many medieval chess bishops of various origins in different museums in Europe and US. A bishop that probably predates the Lewis chessmen was in the collection of Jean-Joseph
Marquet de Vasselot and was sold at Christie's in Paris in 2011 with a radiocarbon dating report stating that there
548:
An exhibition entitled "The Lewis
Chessmen: Unmasked" included chess pieces from both the National Museum of Scotland and British Museum collections, along with other relevant objects, touring Scotland in 2010–2011. The exhibition opened in Edinburgh on 21 May 2010 and proceeded to Aberdeen,
537:
Of the pieces given to the
British Museum, most can be found in Room 40, with the registration numbers M&ME 1831, 11–1.78–159. Others have been lent to Scottish museums and temporary exhibitions. A range of wooden or plastic replicas are popular items in the Museum shops.
413:
biting their shields with battle fury. Some pieces bore traces of red stain when found (which has since vanished), possibly indicating that red and white were used to distinguish the two sides, rather than the black and white generally used in modern chess.
1153:
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When the chessmen were uncovered in 1831, 1 knight and 4 warders were missing from the four sets. In June 2019 a warder piece, which had previously gone unrecognised for at least 55 years, emerged in
Edinburgh, and was purchased at a
281:, a scholar of early vernacular literature, but he was especially intrigued by these artifacts because he was a chess enthusiast. Madden immediately began writing a research paper about the collection; the paper remains informative today.
583:. Around £14 million in total is to be spent on restoring and converting the property, which has been shuttered for nearly 25 years. When completed the permanent displays will include 6 Lewis chessmen.
1431:
1757:
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630:, stated that "it is unacceptable that only 11 Lewis chessmen rest at the National Museum of Scotland while the other 67 (as well as the 14 tablemen) remain in the British Museum in London."
2639:
2798:
652:, writing "It's a lot of nonsense, isn't it?", noting that the law protects purchases and drawing comparisons to major artworks in Europe housed in major cities, with replicas often available
541:
The chessmen were number 5 in the list of
British archaeological finds selected by experts at the British Museum for a 2003 BBC documentary. They were one of the items featured in a 2010
749:
277:, Assistant Keeper of Manuscripts, persuaded the trustees to purchase for 80 guineas (£84) the 82 pieces which he had been misled into believing was the entire hoard. Madden was a
441:
at the head of Uig Bay on the west coast of the Isle of Lewis, in the Outer
Hebrides of Scotland. There are various local stories concerning their arrival and modern discovery on Lewis.
5706:
183:
The newly identified piece, a "warder", the equivalent of a rook, was sold for £735,000 in July 2019. Four other major pieces, and many pawns, remain missing from the chess sets.
160:, although it is not clear if a single complete period-accurate set can be assembled from the pieces. When found, the hoard contained 94 objects: 78 chess pieces, 14
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685:, who at the time of the debate was director of the British Museum, was reported to say that it was Norway who was entitled to ask for them back, not Scotland.
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and are shown holding spears and shields. The rooks are standing soldiers or "warders" holding shields and swords; four of the rooks are shown as wild-eyed
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1689:"VII Historical remarks on the introduction of the game of chess into Europe, and on the ancient chess-men discovered in the Isle of Lewis"
640:, agreed, arguing that there was no reason for there to be more than "a sample" of the collection in London. These views were dismissed by
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in New York City included 34 of the chess pieces, all on loan from the
British Museum. The exhibit lasted through 22 April 2012.
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In
October 2009, 24 of the pieces from London and 6 from Edinburgh began a 16 month tour of Scotland, partly funded by the
464:
and sold them on to
Captain Roderick Ryrie. One reported detail, that a cow actually unearthed the stash, is generally discounted in
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291:. It is thought to be English or German and carved in the 12th century. Stylistically it predates the Lewis chessmen, as its
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1814:
693:"the British Museum has picked its way carefully and 6 of the figures were loaned long-term to Lewis's new museum in 2015".
164:(pieces for backgammon or similar games) and one belt buckle. Today, 82 pieces are owned and usually exhibited by the
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1976:
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In in late 2007, a dispute arose as to where the main resting place of the pieces should be. There were calls from
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679:, the museum's deputy chairman, said that she "absolutely" believed the main collection should remain in London.
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Almost all of the pieces in the collection are carved from walrus ivory, with a few made instead from
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1996:
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675:, stated that the Government and the British Museum had "agreed to disagree" on their eventual fate.
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1750:"Attributed to the Lewis chessmen workshop, probably Norwegian, Trondheim, 13th century: a warder"
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1961:
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1185:. Florida Center for Instructional Technology / College of Education. University of South Florida
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1640:
Ivory Vikings: The mystery of the most famous chessmen in the world and the woman who made them
30:
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An exhibition entitled "The Game of Kings: Medieval Ivory Chessmen from the Isle of Lewis" at
405:. All the pieces in the back rank are sculptures of human figures: The knights are mounted on
1688:
1182:
1128:
226:) on the west coast of Lewis, but Caldwell et al. of National Museums Scotland consider that
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later found another bishop to take his collection up to 11, all of which were later sold to
402:
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504:, on 11 April 1831. The chessmen were soon after split up, with 10 being purchased by
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1129:"Chess bishop probably made in Norway or possibly England first part of 13th century"
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142:
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Row of bishops at the back and then knights, among a selection pieces on display at
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71:
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192:
177:
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1803:
1154:"Oeuvres Médiévales provenant de la collection Marquet de Vasselot, Paris"
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1836:
Sketchfab: 3D models of the chess pieces at National Museum of Scotland
961:"Lost Lewis Chessman piece bought for £5 sells for £735,000 at auction"
864:
453:
4113:
828:
Current total of 79 pieces, after 2019 recovery of the 13th
614:
politicians in the Western Isles (notably Councillor Annie Macdonald,
496:
A queen and a warder (rook) in the joint exhibition in Edinburgh, 2010
4438:
3672:
2149:
586:
The Edinburgh warder piece was displayed in a special exhibit at the
522:. In 1888, they were again sold, but this time the purchaser was the
169:
47:
1826:
A History of the World in 100 Objects, Number 61: The Lewis Chessmen
137:
pieces, along with other game pieces, most of which are carved from
133:
where they were found, are a group of distinctive 12th century
598:
484:
auction for £735,000 the following month, by an undisclosed buyer.
285:
is a 95% probability that the ivory dates between 790 and 990
3891:
1659:
Caldwell, David H.; Hall, Mark A.; Wilkinson, Caroline M. (2011).
597:
491:
438:
416:
292:
134:
50:
2565:
1831:
A Website dedicated to the Lewis chessmen, their form and history
5625:
3956:
832:; original discovery had 12 warders / 78 chess pieces.
472:
in 1844, Malcolm MacLeod and his family were evicted during the
461:
457:
3864:
2569:
1844:
622:
MP) for the return of the pieces to the place they were found.
924:"Long-lost Lewis chessman found in Edinburgh family's drawer"
1267:
1265:
656:
where tourism is sufficient. The historical society in Uig,
153:, they may constitute some of the few complete, surviving
824:
822:
636:, Professor of Medieval and Environmental History at the
468:
as fabrication. After the Isle of Lewis was purchased by
3860:
1693:
Archaeologia: Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity
1183:"Mitre evolution from 11th century to present day"
512:) purchased on behalf of the British Museum in London.
337:. The heights of the pawns range from 3.5–5.8 cm (
1065:
Gothic Ivories Project (gothicivories.courtauld.ac.uk)
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
918:
916:
914:
912:
1403:"Lewis Chessman exhibition opens in Stornoway museum"
1306:
1304:
999:
987:
740:’ warder (rook) and profile of an ordinary warder at
530:
in Edinburgh. The 11 are now on display in the
5529:
5432:
5285:
5165:
5111:
4974:
4816:
4756:
4747:
4658:
4526:
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4288:
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2505:
2424:
2398:
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2307:
2228:
2137:
2071:
2010:
1919:
1878:
380:
while the other pieces are between 7–10.2 cm (
78:
65:
57:
43:
23:
1091:"Chess bishop probably made in Trondheim, Norway,
2799:Amun in the form of a ram protecting King Taharqa
1821:National Museums Scotland's pages on the chessmen
785:Decoration carved on back of a queen's throne at
628:Minister for Europe, External Affairs and Culture
567:On 3 April 2013, £1.8 million from the
500:They were exhibited by Ryrie at a meeting of the
191:Most accounts have said the pieces were found at
437:The chessmen were discovered in early 1831 in a
5707:Medieval European objects in the British Museum
1601:
1599:
1311:Burnett, Allan (3 February 2008). "Stalemate".
1777:The Lewis Chessmen and the Enigma of the Hoard
1459:"New funding announced for Lews Castle museum"
3876:
2581:
1856:
1242:"Reopening history of storied Norse chessmen"
1061:"[Site search on chess piece bishop]"
1023:
508:and the others (67 chessmen and 14
476:which transformed the area into sheep farms.
313:. The 79 chess pieces consist of 8
8:
804:’ warder (rook) and knight behind them, at
4753:
3883:
3869:
3861:
2734:Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III
2635:
2588:
2574:
2566:
1863:
1849:
1841:
20:
3429:Kition Necropolis Phoenician inscriptions
1815:The British Museum's page on the chessmen
1283:
1047:
1011:
673:Minister for Culture and External Affairs
460:in a dune, exhibited them briefly in his
2917:Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art
2867:Dhaneswar Khera Buddha image inscription
1295:
1271:
1240:McClain, Dylan Loeb (9 September 2010).
1227:
1215:
1203:
5682:Collection of National Museums Scotland
3271:Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa
856:
818:
696:
650:Department for Culture, Media and Sport
590:in 2023, as part of a special exhibit.
557:, opening there on 15 April 2011.
305:Game pieces of the Lewis chessmen hoard
172:, and the remaining 11 are at the
3825:Royal Commission on the British Museum
1992:Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland
1790:. British Museum Publications Limited.
1752:. Old-master sculptural works of art.
1512:
1501:
1035:
456:discovered the trove in a small stone
3751:A History of the World in 100 Objects
1760:from the original on 30 November 2019
1383:A History of the World in 100 Objects
1000:Caldwell, Hall & Wilkinson (2011)
988:Caldwell, Hall & Wilkinson (2011)
180:; one chesspiece is owned privately.
120:
7:
3730:Conservation and Scientific Research
1611:Love of Country: A Hebridean journey
1405:. Scotland highlands & islands.
1533:. Scotland highlands and islands.
1531:"Moves to unite historic chessmen"
1163:. 16 November 2011. SALE 1047
891:"The enigma of the Lewis chessmen"
569:European Regional Development Fund
524:Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
502:Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
16:Group of 12th-century chess pieces
14:
3740:Portable Antiquities and Treasure
1430:Johnson, Ken (18 November 2011).
1080:— search returned 18 objects
5624:
5295:List of strong chess tournaments
3845:
3844:
3787:Films shot at the British Museum
3424:Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III
3139:Herculean Sarcophagus of Genzano
2827:Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena
2205:Port an Eilean Mhòir boat burial
2119:Scottish–Norwegian War (1262-66)
1802:
1701:Society of Antiquaries of London
1575:Cornwell, Tim (2 October 2009).
1465:(Press release). Edinburgh, UK:
1106:. Art collection. New York, NY:
793:
778:
763:
748:
729:
714:
699:
526:, who donated the pieces to the
129:, named after the island or the
29:
5737:1831 archaeological discoveries
4273:Gökyay Association Chess Museum
1577:"Chessmen will never come home"
553:, and the Museum nan Eilean in
3701:The Tale of the Flopsy Bunnies
2739:Colossal head of Amenhotep III
1108:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
1069:The Courtauld Institute of Art
1:
5692:History of the Outer Hebrides
5393:Computer chess championships
3251:Priene dedicatory inscription
1481:"Ronald S. Lauder collection"
1331:(Press release). London, UK:
122:[fiɾʲˈhaːlɪʃkʲloː.ɪʃ]
3439:Complaint tablet to Ea-nāṣir
3414:Tell al-'Ubaid Copper Lintel
2882:Jade terrapin from Allahabad
2749:Gebelein predynastic mummies
2744:El-Amra clay model of cattle
1432:"Medieval foes with whimsey"
5722:Treasure troves in Scotland
5175:Bishop and knight checkmate
3454:Babylonian Map of the World
3009:Barber Cup and Crawford Cup
2938:The Great Wave off Kanagawa
2922:Seated Buddha from Gandhara
2842:Amitābha Buddha from Hancui
1967:Ingibjörg the Earls'-Mother
1779:. The British Museum Press.
1661:The Lewis Chessmen Unmasked
1638:Brown, Nancy Marie (2016).
604:National Museum of Scotland
532:National Museum of Scotland
174:National Museum of Scotland
91:National Museum of Scotland
5753:
5338:Other world championships
2784:Rhind Mathematical Papyrus
2507:Associated clans and septs
1721:. Oxford University Press.
421:The Lewis chessmen in the
302:
266:piece is owned privately.
5619:
5185:Opposite-coloured bishops
3840:
3490:Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal
3266:Sant'Angelo Muxaro Patera
1987:Margaret, Queen of Norway
1947:Gormflaith ingen Murchada
1665:National Museums Scotland
706:Selection of chessmen at
571:was granted to transform
444:Malcolm "Sprot" MacLeod (
261:) – which is also in the
99:
28:
5732:12th century in Scotland
5657:Archaeological artifacts
5312:World Chess Championship
4278:World Chess Hall of Fame
3797:Repatriation controversy
3474:Flood tablet (Gilgamesh)
3256:Priene edict inscription
3089:Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo
2857:Mogao Christian painting
1982:Margaret, Maid of Norway
1932:Bethóc, Prioress of Iona
1786:Taylor, Michael (1978).
1732:. British Museum Press.
1728:Robinson, James (2004).
867:[Uig chessmen].
488:Exhibition and ownership
407:rather diminutive horses
141:. Discovered in 1831 on
5662:Archaeology of Scotland
5606:Simultaneous exhibition
5516:Chess newspaper columns
5205:Rook and bishop vs rook
5195:Queen and pawn vs queen
3782:Dingwall Beloe Lectures
3484:Library of Ashurbanipal
2872:Hephthalite silver bowl
2837:Ambika Statue from Dhar
2058:Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson
1977:Máel Muire ingen Amlaíb
1357:, various experts from
865:"Comann Eachdraidh Ùig"
612:Scottish National Party
454:township of Pennydonald
5061:Richter–Veresov Attack
5049:Queen's Indian Defence
3735:Libraries and Archives
3536:Phoenician metal bowls
3464:Cylinders of Nabonidus
2927:Stamp seal (BM 119999)
2002:Ragnhildis Olafsdottir
1775:Stratford, N. (1997).
1703:: 203–291 – via
1642:. St. Martin's Press.
1467:Government of Scotland
800:King and queen, with ‘
638:University of Stirling
607:
602:Lewis chessmen in the
497:
449:
425:
214:58.185987°N 7.021909°W
117:
35:Lewis chessmen in the
5712:Scandinavian Scotland
5322:Candidates Tournament
5210:Rook and pawn vs rook
5180:King and pawn vs king
5131:List of chess gambits
5034:King's Indian Defence
4712:Isolated Queen's Pawn
4236:List of chess players
4178:Top player comparison
3977:Internet chess server
3511:Babylonian Chronicles
3369:Assyrian lion weights
3346:Xanten Horse-Phalerae
3281:Stony Stratford Hoard
3199:Papyri of Oxyrhynchus
3099:Dionysus Sardanapalus
3044:Bronze head of Hypnos
2680:Double-headed serpent
2406:Scottish island names
2229:Artifacts and culture
1906:Mormaers of Caithness
1872:Scandinavian Scotland
1489:Neue Galerie New York
1363:Our Top Ten Treasures
1131:. Stockholm, Sweden:
658:Comann Eachdraidh Ùig
601:
594:Dispute over location
588:Neue Galerie New York
528:Royal Scottish Museum
495:
420:
118:Fir-thàilisg Leòdhais
5039:Nimzo-Indian Defence
4935:Scandinavian Defense
4896:Semi-Italian Opening
4801:King's Indian Attack
4690:first-move advantage
4343:Threefold repetition
4268:Bobby Fischer Center
4153:Charlemagne chessmen
4147:Göttingen manuscript
3952:Correspondence chess
3694:The Disasters of War
3616:Sutton Hoo purse-lid
3566:Holy Thorn Reliquary
2912:Mathura lion capital
2670:Bronze Head from Ife
2425:Battles and treaties
2079:Kingdom of the Isles
1997:Ragnhild Eriksdotter
1952:Gunnhild Gormsdóttir
1942:Cacht ingen Ragnaill
1811:at Wikimedia Commons
1329:"The Lewis Chessmen"
871:(in Scottish Gaelic)
846:Charlemagne chessmen
579:, into a museum for
333:(rooks) and 19
219:58.185987; -7.021909
5267:Two knights endgame
5019:Bogo-Indian Defence
4906:Two Knights Defense
4846:Nimzowitsch Defence
4536:Artificial castling
4173:Soviet chess school
4048:Dubrovnik chess set
3777:British Museum Acts
3687:The Ancient of Days
3586:Mildenhall Treasure
3364:Ain Sakhri figurine
3295:Townley collection
3236:Petelia Gold Tablet
3164:Macmillan aryballos
3084:Chatuzange Treasure
3029:Boscoreale Treasure
2729:Battlefield Palette
2709:Yaxchilan Lintel 24
2294:St Magnus Cathedral
2170:Cubbie Roo's Castle
2114:Davidian Revolution
1957:Helga Moddansdóttir
1927:Aud the Deep-Minded
1014:, pp. 4–8, 10.
665:Scottish Government
545:historical series.
520:Baron Londesborough
474:Highland Clearances
245: /
210: /
5697:Ivory works of art
5497:endgame literature
5044:Old Indian Defense
4954:Accelerated Dragon
4826:Alekhine's Defence
4558:Checkmate patterns
4427:symbols in Unicode
4422:annotation symbols
4185:Geography of chess
4053:Staunton chess set
3659:Dürer's Rhinoceros
3638:Lampsacus Treasure
3633:Vindolanda Tablets
3526:Antiochus cylinder
3516:Ur Box inscription
3261:San Sosti Axe-Head
3184:Minoan Bull-leaper
3124:Farnese Diadumenos
3114:Esquiline Treasure
3059:Campo Iemini Venus
3019:Beaurains Treasure
3004:Asclepius of Milos
2944:Vishnu Nicolo Seal
2887:Kakiemon elephants
2822:Admonitions Scroll
2675:Codex Kingsborough
2621:Round Reading Room
2288:Sen dollotar Ulaid
2242:Chronicles of Mann
1962:Ingeborg of Norway
1788:The Lewis Chessmen
1730:The Lewis Chessmen
1719:A History of Chess
1607:Bunting, Madeleine
1539:. 24 December 2007
1511:Unknown parameter
1437:The New York Times
1359:the British Museum
1333:The British Museum
1247:The New York Times
721:King and Queen at
608:
498:
452:) from the nearby
426:
295:is worn sideways.
5672:Chess in Scotland
5644:
5643:
5521:Chess periodicals
5450:Chess in the arts
5382:Chess composition
5220:Philidor position
5161:
5160:
5103:Trompowsky Attack
5086:Semi-Slav Defence
4976:Queen's Pawn Game
4856:Four Knights Game
4831:Caro–Kann Defence
4796:Zukertort Opening
4583:Discovered attack
4303:Cheating in chess
4140:Versus de scachis
3858:
3857:
3760:
3759:
3622:Swimming Reindeer
3611:Sutton Hoo helmet
3444:Tablet of Shamash
3336:Vaison Diadumenos
3286:Strangford Apollo
3094:Demeter of Knidos
3074:Chaourse Treasure
3064:Carthage Treasure
2989:Arcisate Treasure
2877:Huixian Bronze Hu
2832:Amaravati Marbles
2794:Sphinx of Taharqo
2697:Kayung totem pole
2691:Throne of Weapons
2563:
2562:
2530:Macaulay of Lewis
2063:Thorstein the Red
2011:Other notable men
1807:Media related to
1674:978-1-905267-46-0
1649:978-1-250-10859-3
1369:. BBC Television.
1314:The Sunday Herald
1274:, pp. 37–41.
1230:, pp. 28–29.
1133:Historiska Museet
990:, pp. 15–19.
897:. 9 November 2010
646:Minister of State
581:the Western Isles
106:
105:
101:NMS website entry
53:and whales' teeth
5744:
5687:History of chess
5631:Chess portal
5629:
5628:
5572:Leela Chess Zero
5503:Oxford Companion
5455:early literature
5445:Chess aesthetics
5190:Pawnless endgame
5141:Bongcloud Attack
5119:List of openings
5091:Chigorin Defense
5029:Grünfeld Defence
4940:Sicilian Defence
4886:Ponziani Opening
4881:Philidor Defence
4876:Petrov's Defence
4818:King's Pawn Game
4791:Larsen's Opening
4754:
4115:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3862:
3848:
3847:
3725:Coins and Medals
3601:Seax of Beagnoth
3449:Statue of Idrimi
3404:Ram in a Thicket
3276:Satala Aphrodite
3226:Paramythia Hoard
3069:Caubiac Treasure
2979:Apollo of Cyrene
2974:Aineta aryballos
2764:MacGregor plaque
2636:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2567:
2220:St Magnus Church
2215:Scar boat burial
2160:Brough of Birsay
2053:Sweyn Asleifsson
2048:Ragnall ua Ímair
1865:
1858:
1851:
1842:
1806:
1791:
1780:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1743:
1722:
1708:
1705:Internet Archive
1678:
1653:
1625:
1624:
1603:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1487:. New York, NY:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1455:
1449:
1448:
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1444:
1427:
1421:
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1418:
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1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1308:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1284:Stratford (1997)
1281:
1275:
1269:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
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1195:
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1190:
1179:
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1170:
1168:
1150:
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1139:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1087:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1057:
1051:
1050:, pp. 5, 8.
1048:Stratford (1997)
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1024:Sotheby's (2019)
1021:
1015:
1012:Stratford (1997)
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
978:
976:
974:
957:
942:
941:
939:
937:
920:
907:
906:
904:
902:
887:
881:
880:
878:
876:
861:
833:
826:
797:
782:
767:
752:
733:
718:
703:
403:boundary markers
400:
399:
398:
396:
395:
392:
389:
379:
377:
376:
374:
373:
370:
367:
357:
356:
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349:
346:
290:
289:
260:
259:
257:
256:
255:
250:
249:58.104°N 7.108°W
246:
243:
242:
241:
238:
225:
224:
222:
221:
220:
215:
211:
208:
207:
206:
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124:
79:Present location
33:
21:
5752:
5751:
5747:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5742:
5741:
5667:Chess in Norway
5647:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5623:
5615:
5525:
5511:Chess libraries
5428:
5332:FIDE Grand Prix
5327:Chess World Cup
5281:
5277:Wrong rook pawn
5215:Lucena position
5157:
5107:
5024:Catalan Opening
4999:English Defence
4984:Budapest Gambit
4970:
4928:Austrian Attack
4812:
4781:English Opening
4743:
4739:School of chess
4722:Minority attack
4654:
4623:Queen sacrifice
4522:
4383:
4379:White and Black
4374:Touch-move rule
4333:Perpetual check
4328:Fifty-move rule
4284:
4120:
4117:
4024:
3894:
3889:
3859:
3854:
3836:
3756:
3713:
3649:
3642:
3547:
3540:
3521:Kurkh Monoliths
3506:Lachish reliefs
3479:Jar of Xerxes I
3459:Rassam cylinder
3350:
3331:Uerdingen Hoard
3189:Nereid Monument
3129:Guilford Puteal
3119:Euphorbos plate
3079:Chatsworth Head
3039:Braganza Brooch
2984:Archangel ivory
2969:Aegina Treasure
2960:
2953:
2897:Kanishka casket
2852:Buddhapad Hoard
2808:
2759:Hunters Palette
2720:
2713:
2685:Hoa Hakananai'a
2641:
2640:Africa, Oceania
2631:
2625:
2599:
2594:
2564:
2559:
2501:
2497:Treaty of Perth
2420:
2394:
2356:
2303:
2276:Orkneyinga saga
2270:Manx runestones
2224:
2210:Rubha an Dùnain
2185:Kirkwall Castle
2155:Bishop's Palace
2133:
2067:
2006:
1915:
1901:Lords of Argyll
1891:Earls of Orkney
1874:
1869:
1799:
1794:
1785:
1774:
1763:
1761:
1748:
1740:
1727:
1713:
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1637:
1633:
1628:
1621:
1605:
1604:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1564:, February 2008
1557:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1510:
1500:
1493:
1491:
1485:neuegalerie.org
1479:
1478:
1474:
1463:scotland.gov.uk
1457:
1456:
1452:
1442:
1440:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1412:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1355:Adam Hart-Davis
1352:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1296:Robinson (2004)
1294:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1272:Robinson (2004)
1270:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1228:Robinson (2004)
1226:
1222:
1216:Robinson (2004)
1214:
1210:
1204:Robinson (2004)
1202:
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922:
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863:
862:
858:
854:
842:
837:
836:
827:
820:
815:
808:
798:
789:
783:
774:
768:
759:
753:
744:
734:
725:
719:
710:
704:
596:
490:
446:Scottish Gaelic
435:
393:
390:
387:
386:
384:
383:
381:
371:
368:
365:
364:
362:
361:
359:
350:
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307:
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287:
286:
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236:
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218:
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204:
201:
199:
197:
196:
189:
114:Scottish Gaelic
95:
70:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5750:
5748:
5740:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5727:Medieval chess
5724:
5719:
5717:Romanesque art
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
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5648:
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5641:
5639:
5638:
5633:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5597:
5596:
5591:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5554:
5552:Chess composer
5549:
5544:
5539:
5533:
5531:
5527:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5507:
5506:
5499:
5494:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5447:
5442:
5436:
5434:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5407:North American
5404:
5399:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5309:
5308:
5307:
5300:Chess Olympiad
5297:
5291:
5289:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5253:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5224:
5223:
5222:
5217:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5171:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5151:Scholar's mate
5148:
5143:
5133:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5066:Queen's Gambit
5063:
5058:
5053:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5009:Benoni Defence
5004:Indian Defence
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4980:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4947:
4937:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4920:
4918:Owen's Defence
4915:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4848:
4843:
4841:Modern Defence
4838:
4836:French Defence
4833:
4828:
4822:
4820:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4771:Bird's Opening
4768:
4762:
4760:
4751:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4702:Pawn structure
4699:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4670:
4664:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4546:Alekhine's gun
4538:
4532:
4530:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4468:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4459:Half-open file
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4402:Chess notation
4399:
4393:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4359:
4357:Pawn promotion
4354:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4294:
4292:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4260:
4258:Women in chess
4255:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4233:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4204:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4168:Hypermodernism
4165:
4163:Romantic chess
4160:
4158:Lewis chessmen
4155:
4150:
4143:
4130:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
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3998:
3996:world rankings
3988:
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3984:
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3964:
3959:
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3949:
3948:
3947:
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3925:Computer chess
3922:
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3904:
3902:
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3758:
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3747:
3745:Rondanini Faun
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3708:Triumphal Arch
3704:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3680:Isabella Brant
3676:
3669:
3662:
3654:
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3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
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3608:
3603:
3598:
3596:Royal Gold Cup
3593:
3591:Ringlemere Cup
3588:
3583:
3578:
3576:Lewis chessmen
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3552:
3550:
3542:
3541:
3539:
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3533:
3531:Nimrud ivories
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3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
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3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3469:Cyrus Cylinder
3466:
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3451:
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3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
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3411:
3406:
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3399:Standard of Ur
3396:
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3389:Blau Monuments
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3371:
3366:
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3333:
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3327:
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3316:
3311:
3306:
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3293:
3291:Tomb of Payava
3288:
3283:
3278:
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3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
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3211:
3206:
3196:
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3171:
3169:Mâcon Treasure
3166:
3161:
3156:
3154:Lion of Knidos
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
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3106:
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3096:
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3056:
3054:Bursa Treasure
3051:
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3034:Boy with Thorn
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3021:
3016:
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2804:Younger Memnon
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2492:Treaty of 1098
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2411:Northern Isles
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2265:Lewis chessmen
2262:
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2255:Galloway Hoard
2252:
2245:
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2116:
2111:
2106:
2104:Outer Hebrides
2101:
2096:
2091:
2089:Gall-Ghàidheil
2086:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2033:Olaf the White
2030:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2007:
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2004:
1999:
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1923:
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1896:Crovan dynasty
1893:
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1867:
1860:
1853:
1845:
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1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1809:Lewis chessmen
1798:
1797:External links
1795:
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1792:
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1771:
1770:
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1715:Murray, H.J.R.
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1707:(archive.org).
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683:Neil MacGregor
644:, the then UK
642:Margaret Hodge
616:Alasdair Allan
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450:Calum an Sprot
434:
431:
423:British Museum
303:Main article:
300:
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271:British Museum
254:58.104; -7.108
188:
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166:British Museum
147:Outer Hebrides
110:Lewis chessmen
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86:British Museum
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37:British Museum
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24:Lewis chessmen
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5702:Isle of Lewis
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5611:Solving chess
5609:
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5604:
5602:
5601:Chess prodigy
5599:
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5585:
5584:Chess problem
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5492:opening books
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5480:short stories
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5433:Art and media
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5245:triangulation
5243:
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5240:Tarrasch rule
5238:
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5227:
5225:
5221:
5218:
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5201:
5200:Queen vs pawn
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5056:London System
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5035:
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5025:
5022:
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5017:
5015:
5014:Modern Benoni
5012:
5010:
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5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4994:Dutch Defence
4992:
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4871:King's Gambit
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4792:
4789:
4787:
4786:Grob's Attack
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4776:Dunst Opening
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4766:Benko Opening
4764:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4758:Flank opening
4755:
4752:
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4513:Transposition
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4265:
4264:
4263:Chess museums
4261:
4259:
4256:
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4242:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4234:
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4231:Notable games
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4020:World records
4018:
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3991:Rating system
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3561:Franks Casket
3559:
3557:
3556:Boxwood altar
3554:
3553:
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3549:
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3522:
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3517:
3514:
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3509:
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3502:
3499:
3497:
3496:Oxus Treasure
3494:
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3487:
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3482:
3480:
3477:
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3472:
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3467:
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3457:
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3440:
3437:
3435:
3434:Burney Relief
3432:
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3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3419:White Obelisk
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3374:Balawat Gates
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3344:
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3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3246:Portland Vase
3244:
3242:
3241:Piranesi Vase
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3231:Pericles bust
3229:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3197:
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3192:
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3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3174:Mainz Gladius
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
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3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3109:Elgin Marbles
3107:
3105:
3104:Elgin Amphora
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
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3050:
3047:
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3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3014:Bassae Frieze
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2994:Armento Rider
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
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2967:
2966:
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2898:
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2819:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2789:Rosetta Stone
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2779:Prudhoe Lions
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
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2757:
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2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2719:Ancient Egypt
2716:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2665:Briggs Enigma
2663:
2661:
2660:Benin Bronzes
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2637:
2634:
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2622:
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2427:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2390:Old Norwegian
2388:
2386:
2383:
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2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2353:
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2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2327:Law Ting Holm
2325:
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2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
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2300:
2297:
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2256:
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2250:
2246:
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2239:
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2234:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2190:Linton Chapel
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
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2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
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2140:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2125:
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2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
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2100:
2097:
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2092:
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2087:
2085:
2082:
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2077:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2043:Páll Bálkason
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:Notable women
1918:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1886:List of kings
1884:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1861:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1837:
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1796:
1789:
1784:
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1778:
1773:
1772:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1739:9780714150239
1735:
1731:
1726:
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1720:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
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1657:
1656:
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1641:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1622:
1620:9781847085184
1616:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1554:
1551:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1513:|people=
1505:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1469:. April 2013.
1468:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1426:
1423:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1353:presented by
1349:
1346:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1298:, p. 37.
1297:
1292:
1289:
1286:, p. 48.
1285:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1218:, p. 30.
1217:
1212:
1209:
1206:, p. 19.
1205:
1200:
1197:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1162:
1161:christies.com
1160:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1109:
1105:
1104:metmuseum.org
1101:
1086:
1083:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1036:Madden (1832)
1032:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1005:
1002:, p. 11.
1001:
996:
993:
989:
984:
981:
969:. 2 July 2019
968:
967:
962:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
944:
932:. 3 June 2019
931:
930:
925:
919:
917:
915:
913:
909:
896:
895:Chessbase.com
892:
886:
883:
870:
866:
860:
857:
851:
847:
844:
843:
839:
831:
830:warder (rook)
825:
823:
819:
812:
807:
803:
796:
791:
788:
781:
776:
773:
766:
761:
758:
751:
746:
743:
739:
732:
727:
724:
717:
712:
709:
702:
697:
692:
691:
690:
689:writes that:
688:
684:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
629:
625:
624:Linda Fabiani
621:
620:Angus MacNeil
617:
613:
605:
600:
593:
591:
589:
584:
582:
578:
577:Isle of Lewis
574:
570:
565:
563:
562:The Cloisters
558:
556:
552:
546:
544:
539:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
511:
507:
503:
494:
487:
485:
483:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
442:
440:
432:
430:
424:
419:
415:
412:
408:
404:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
306:
298:
296:
294:
282:
280:
279:palaeographer
276:
272:
267:
264:
263:parish of Uig
258:
229:
223:
194:
186:
184:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
119:
115:
111:
102:
98:
92:
89:
87:
84:
83:
81:
77:
73:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
49:
46:
42:
38:
32:
27:
22:
19:
5557:Chess engine
5542:Chess boxing
5502:
5272:Wrong bishop
5124:theory table
5098:Torre Attack
5081:Slav Defence
4989:Colle System
4964:Scheveningen
4923:Pirc Defence
4866:Italian Game
4861:Giuoco Piano
4806:Réti Opening
4729:Piece values
4717:Maróczy Bind
4678:the exchange
4668:Compensation
4598:Interference
4588:Double check
4362:Time control
4349:
4323:by agreement
4251:grandmasters
4195:South Africa
4157:
4145:
4138:
4114:Score sheets
4060:Chess pieces
3967:Online chess
3913:Chess titles
3908:Chess theory
3792:Private Case
3772:Blythe House
3749:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3628:Hedwig glass
3620:
3575:
3501:Taylor Prism
3488:
3194:Oscan Tablet
3159:Lycurgus Cup
3149:Jennings Dog
3024:Blacas Cameo
2999:Arundel Head
2936:
2892:Kang Hou gui
2703:Tree of Life
2701:
2689:
2642:and Americas
2370:Middle Irish
2286:
2274:
2264:
2249:Darraðarljóð
2247:
2240:
2200:Old Scatness
2018:Caittil Find
1972:Isabel Bruce
1787:
1776:
1762:. Retrieved
1729:
1718:
1696:
1692:
1660:
1639:
1610:
1586:. Retrieved
1582:The Scotsman
1580:
1570:
1559:
1553:
1541:. Retrieved
1534:
1525:
1492:. Retrieved
1484:
1475:
1462:
1453:
1441:. Retrieved
1435:
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1406:
1397:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1366:
1348:
1336:. Retrieved
1323:
1312:
1291:
1279:
1254:14 September
1252:. Retrieved
1250:. p. C2
1245:
1235:
1223:
1211:
1199:
1187:. Retrieved
1177:
1165:. Retrieved
1157:
1148:
1136:. Retrieved
1123:
1111:. Retrieved
1103:
1085:
1072:. Retrieved
1064:
1055:
1043:
1031:
1019:
1007:
995:
983:
971:. Retrieved
964:
934:. Retrieved
927:
899:. Retrieved
894:
885:
873:. Retrieved
868:
859:
770:Knight on a
681:
677:Bonnie Greer
669:Mike Russell
662:
657:
653:
634:Richard Oram
632:
609:
606:in Edinburgh
585:
566:
559:
547:
543:Radio 4
540:
536:
514:
499:
478:
443:
436:
427:
308:
283:
268:
190:
182:
139:walrus ivory
127:Uig chessmen
126:
109:
107:
61:12th century
18:
5487:Chess books
5287:Tournaments
5146:Fool's mate
4911:Vienna Game
4901:Scotch Game
4734:Prophylaxis
4650:Zwischenzug
4635:Undermining
4603:Overloading
4563:Combination
4412:descriptive
4107:Chess table
4102:Chess clock
3918:Grandmaster
3571:Hoxne Hoard
3409:Lyres of Ur
3384:Uruk Trough
3379:Blacas ewer
3356:Middle East
3049:Burgon vase
2949:Wardak Vase
2862:David Vases
2769:Min Palette
2754:Hornedjitef
2655:Aubin Codex
2632:and objects
2630:Departments
2611:Great Court
2487:Vestrajǫrðr
2462:Isle of Man
2138:Archaeology
2038:Olvir Rosta
1494:28 February
1410:(bbc.co.uk)
1389:BBC Radio 4
1367:documentary
869:Ceuig.co.uk
736:Face of a ‘
626:, Scottish
573:Lews Castle
516:C.K. Sharpe
506:C.K. Sharpe
470:J. Matheson
311:whale teeth
299:Description
252: /
217: /
5677:Chess sets
5651:Categories
5594:joke chess
5547:Chess club
5235:opposition
4697:Middlegame
4685:Initiative
4608:Pawn storm
4573:Deflection
4444:Key square
4434:Fianchetto
4367:Fast chess
4351:En passant
4043:chessboard
3648:Prints and
3606:Sutton Hoo
3581:Lindow Man
3548:and Europe
3546:Prehistory
3394:Palmer Cup
3341:Warren Cup
3309:Discobolus
3179:Meroë Head
3134:Harpy Tomb
2902:Klang Bell
2540:MacDougall
2535:Mac Coitir
2437:Brunanburh
2332:Lunnasting
1764:21 January
1685:Madden, F.
1613:. Granta.
1159:Christie's
852:References
772:stout pony
687:M. Bunting
411:berserkers
329:, 13
325:, 15
321:, 16
237:58°06′14″N
202:58°11′10″N
158:chess sets
74:, Scotland
72:Uig, Lewis
66:Discovered
5577:Stockfish
5567:Deep Blue
5562:AlphaZero
5470:paintings
5262:Tablebase
5226:Strategy
5136:Irregular
4891:Ruy Lopez
4851:Open Game
4618:Sacrifice
4578:Desperado
4481:connected
4454:Open file
4449:King walk
4407:algebraic
4338:Stalemate
4313:Checkmate
4038:Chess set
4030:Equipment
3810:Directors
3144:Isis Tomb
2907:Kulu Vase
2721:and Sudan
2650:Akan Drum
2555:MacDonald
2525:Somhairle
2399:Etymology
2380:Old Norse
2342:Sandsting
2282:Ounceland
2175:Earl's Bu
2165:Camas Uig
2084:Dál Riata
2023:Ingimundr
1754:Sotheby's
1588:5 January
1543:5 January
1515:ignored (
1443:15 August
1361:(2003). "
1338:15 August
1098:1150-1200
901:15 August
813:Footnotes
802:berserker
738:berserker
555:Stornoway
482:Sotheby's
433:Discovery
317:, 8
275:F. Madden
240:7°06′29″W
205:7°01′19″W
178:Edinburgh
5636:Category
5589:glossary
5250:Zugzwang
5230:fortress
5167:Endgames
5076:Declined
5071:Accepted
4749:Openings
4707:Hedgehog
4673:Exchange
4660:Strategy
4640:Windmill
4491:isolated
4476:backward
4298:Castling
4241:amateurs
4134:Timeline
4008:Variants
3962:Glossary
3945:software
3930:glossary
3850:Category
3830:Trustees
3802:Secretum
3666:Epifania
3650:Drawings
3304:Caryatid
3299:Antinous
2961:and Rome
2604:Building
2550:Macruari
2520:Uí Ímair
2457:Epiphany
2442:Clontarf
2416:Hebrides
2362:Language
2347:Tingwall
2322:Dingwall
2309:Althings
2299:Udal law
2260:Hogbacks
2195:Maeshowe
2180:Jarlshof
2124:Scotland
2109:Shetland
2094:Lochlann
2028:Ljótólfr
1911:Uí Ímair
1758:Archived
1756:. 2019.
1717:(1985).
1687:(1832).
1609:(2016).
1561:Uig News
1536:BBC News
1504:cite web
1415:15 April
1408:BBC News
1387:. 2010.
966:BBC News
929:BBC News
875:24 March
840:See also
667:, whose
618:MSP and
551:Shetland
510:tablemen
439:sandbank
228:Mealista
162:tablemen
155:medieval
151:Scotland
44:Material
5537:Arbiter
5530:Related
5387:Solving
5377:Amateur
4959:Najdorf
4541:Battery
4528:Tactics
4503:Swindle
4486:doubled
4466:Outpost
4397:Blunder
4212:Armenia
4126:History
3972:Premove
3940:engines
3935:matches
3900:Outline
3820:Keepers
3815:Friends
3314:Hadrian
2545:MacLeod
2477:Skyhill
2472:Renfrew
2385:Pictish
2352:Tynwald
2337:Nesting
2317:Delting
2236:Birlinn
2145:Bornish
2072:History
1631:Sources
973:12 July
654:in situ
648:in the
397:
385:
375:
363:
354:
342:
331:warders
327:knights
323:bishops
269:At the
193:Uig Bay
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5440:Caïssa
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4085:Knight
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3806:Staff
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2959:Greece
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2150:Birsay
2129:Norway
2099:Orkney
1937:Bjaðǫk
1879:Rulers
1736:
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1189:2 July
1167:2 July
1138:2 July
1113:2 July
1074:2 July
936:3 June
319:queens
187:Origin
170:London
48:Walrus
5422:WCSCC
5367:Youth
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5352:Rapid
5342:Women
5305:Women
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5112:Other
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4217:Spain
4202:China
4095:Fairy
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4318:Draw
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3982:list
3957:FIDE
3319:Vase
2814:Asia
2515:Gunn
2482:Tara
2375:Norn
1766:2020
1734:ISBN
1669:ISBN
1644:ISBN
1615:ISBN
1590:2022
1558:"",
1545:2022
1517:help
1496:2023
1445:2013
1417:2011
1340:2013
1256:2010
1191:2019
1169:2019
1140:2019
1115:2019
1076:2019
975:2021
938:2019
903:2013
877:2017
462:byre
458:kist
378:in),
108:The
69:1831
5397:CCC
4613:Pin
4417:PGN
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1365:".
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168:in
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