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1376:"), but several reports suggest that he may have been homosexual. The prolonged temporal gap between the queen's pregnancies may have been a result of Louis XIII's aversion to heterosexual activity, a matter of great political consequence, since it took the couple more than 20 years of marriage before Louis XIV's birth. His interests as a teenager were focused on male courtiers and he developed an intense emotional attachment to his favourite,
1000:"The descendants of the French who are accustomed to this country , together with all the Indians who will be brought to the knowledge of the faith and will profess it, shall be deemed and renowned natural Frenchmen, and as such may come to live in France when they want, and acquire, donate, and succeed and accept donations and legacies, just as true French subjects, without being required to take letters of declaration of naturalization."
768:
552:
2668:. Paris: Hachette, 1980. "Irrité de voir tant de courtisans parler de "miracle", Louis XIII aurait répliqué que "ce n'était point là si grand miracle qu'un mari couchât avec sa femme et lui fasse un enfant." Translation: "Irritated to see so many courtiers speak of a 'miracle', Louis XIII is said to have replied: 'it was not such a great miracle that a husband slept with his wife and made a child with her'."
814:. It served as an important route to Italy for France and it provided an easy connection between the Spanish and the Holy Roman empires, especially in helping each other with armies if necessary. Spain was constantly interfering in the Valtellina, which angered Louis, as he wanted to hold possession of this strategically important passageway. He therefore found a better servitor in his
1280:
542:] a stutterer that he would sometimes hold his tongue out of his mouth a good while before he could speak so much as one word; he had besides a double row of teeth, and was observed seldom or never to spit or blow his nose, or to sweat much, 'tho he were very laborious, and almost indefatigable in his exercises of hunting and hawking, to which he was much addicted...
932:
1185:, who, many believed, had interceded for the perceived miracle. But the text of the dedication does not mention the royal pregnancy and birth as one of its reasons, and Louis XIII himself is said to have expressed his scepticism with regard to the miracle after his son's birth. In gratitude for having successfully given birth, the queen founded the
1362:
1410:, 19 years his younger, who was later executed for conspiring with the Spanish enemy in time of war. Tallemant described how on a royal journey, the King "sent M. le Grand to undress, who returned, adorned like a bride. 'To bed, to bed' he said to him impatiently... and the mignon was not in before the king was already kissing his hands."
441:. They systematically destroyed the castles of defiant lords, and denounced the use of private violence (dueling, carrying weapons, and maintaining private armies). By the end of the 1620s, Richelieu had established "the royal monopoly of force" as the ruling doctrine. The king's reign was also marked by the struggles against the
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Following the death of Luynes, Louis determined that he would rule by council. His mother returned from exile and, in 1622, entered this council, where Condé recommended violent suppression of the
Huguenots. The 1622 campaign, however, followed the pattern of the previous year: royal forces won some
3023:
In these years the French kingdom was literally surrounded by the
Habsburg realms, for the Habsburgs were Kings of Spain as well as Holy Roman Emperors. In addition, the Spanish and Holy Roman empires included the territories of today's Belgium, The Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany, and northern
644:, which allowed Condé great power in government but did not remove Concini. However, on 1 September, after growing dissatisfaction from nobles due to Concini's position, Queen Marie, with Louis's help, imprisoned Condé to protect Concini, leading to renewed revolts against the Queen and Concini.
1453:, developed in her childhood in Florence. One of his first toys was a lute and his personal doctor, Jean Héroard, reports him playing it for his mother in 1604, at the age of three. In 1635, Louis XIII composed the music, wrote the libretto and designed the costumes for the "
2512:
710:
argued in favour of intervening on behalf of the
Protestant powers (and Louis's father Henry IV of France had once been a Huguenot leader). On the other hand, Louis XIII had a strict Catholic upbringing, and his natural inclination was to support the
1431:
had spread to his lungs, accompanied by habitual cough. Either of these major ailments, or the accumulation of minor problems, may have killed him, not to mention physiological weaknesses that made him prone to disease or his doctors' remedies of
536:...I presented to the King a letter of credence from the King my master: the King assured me of a reciprocal affection to the King my master, and of my particular welcome to his Court: his words were never many, as being so extream [
878:
against the
Habsburgs, managed to keep the French nobility in line, and retracted the political and military privileges granted to the Huguenots by Henry IV (while maintaining their religious freedoms). Louis XIII successfully led the important
1418:
Louis XIII was unwell during the winter of 1642–1643. He managed a few hunting trips to
Versailles, but by the middle of February was mostly bedridden. From contemporary descriptions, modern historians have surmised that he suffered from
1121:
Twice the king's younger brother, Gaston, Duke of Orléans, had to leave France for conspiring against his government and for attempting to undermine the influence of his mother and
Cardinal Richelieu. After waging an unsuccessful war in
865:
Cardinal
Richelieu played a major role in Louis XIII's reign from 1624, determining France's direction over the course of the next eighteen years. As a result of Richelieu's work, Louis XIII became one of the first examples of an
698:
soon became as unpopular as
Concini had been. Other nobles resented his monopolisation of the King. Luynes was seen as less competent than Henry IV's ministers, many now elderly or deceased, who had surrounded Marie de' Medici.
1319:
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who had defied a number of royal decisions. This expedition managed to re-establish
Catholicism as the official religion of Béarn. However, the Béarn expedition drove Huguenots in other provinces into a rebellion led by
675:
829:. However, La Vieuville was dismissed by the middle of 1624, partly due to his bad behaviour (during his tenure as superintendent he was arrogant and incompetent) and because of a well-organized pamphlet campaign by
791:, signed by Louis XIII and the Duke of Rohan in October 1622. The treaty confirmed the tenets of the Edict of Nantes: several Huguenot fortresses were to be razed, but the Huguenots retained control of Montauban and
2407:
The narrative really begins in 1619, when the adventurer, Admiral S. John de
Razilly, resolved to go to Africa. France had no colony in Morocco; hence, King Louis XIII gave whole-hearted support to de Razilly.
639:
leaders supported Condé's rebellion, which led the young Louis XIII to conclude that they would never be loyal subjects. Eventually, Condé and Queen Marie made peace with the ratification on 3 May of the
573:. Although Louis XIII came of age at thirteen (1614), his mother did not give up her position as Regent until 1617, when he was 16. Marie maintained most of her husband's ministers, with the exception of
1423:. On 13 April his chief physician informed him that his illness would be fatal. He died in Paris on 14 May 1643, the 33rd anniversary of his father's death. According to his biographer A. Lloyd Moote,
1031:, which had been given to France in an earlier Treaty, and to inform the English they were to vacate all lands north of Pemaquid. This resulted in all the French interests in Acadia being restored. In
1170:. The marriage was only briefly happy, and the King's duties often kept them apart. After 23 years of marriage and four stillbirths, Anne finally gave birth to a son on 5 September 1638, the future
1527:, he is depicted as willing to stand up to Richelieu when necessary but still strongly influenced by him. He is also depicted as in love with his wife, Anne, but very nervous and unsure around her.
635:, an Italian who assumed the role of her favourite, and was widely unpopular because he was a foreigner. This further antagonised Condé, who launched another rebellion in the early months of 1616.
1162:. This marriage followed a tradition of cementing military and political alliances between the Catholic powers of France and Spain with royal marriages. The tradition went back to the marriage of
1511:. The book depicts Louis as a man willing to have Richelieu as a powerful advisor but aware of his scheming; he is portrayed as bored and sour, dwarfed by Richelieu's intellect. Films such as
608:
The assembly of this Estates General was delayed until Louis XIII formally came of age on his thirteenth birthday. Although his coming-of-age formally ended Marie's Regency, she remained the
2501:
Acte pour l'établissement de la Compagnie des Cent Associés pour le commerce du Canada, contenant les articles accordés à la dite Compagnie par M. le Cardinal de Richelieu, le 29 avril 1627
601:. Condé squabbled with Marie in 1614, and briefly raised an army, but he found little support in the country, and Marie was able to raise her own army. Nevertheless, Marie agreed to call an
759:
had to be abandoned after three months owing to the large number of royal troops who had succumbed to camp fever. One of the victims of camp fever was Luynes, who died in December 1621.
2624:"Sans l'assurance d'avoir un fils, Louis XIII n'aurait pas fait le voeu de 1638." Translation: "Without the assurance of having a son, Louis XIII would not have made the vow of 1638."
1007:
was also developed under Louis XIII. In 1632, Isaac de Razilly became involved, at the request of Cardinal Richelieu, in the colonization of Acadia, by taking possession of
2715:
The grandson of Henry III, Saint-Luc, penned the irreverent rhyme: "Become a bugger, Baradas / if you are not already one / like Maugiron my grandfather / and La Valette".
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and by the sale of offices in 1620. From her exile in Blois, Marie de' Medici became the obvious rallying point for this discontent, and the Bishop of Luçon (who became
1555:
Louis XIII, his wife Anne, his younger brother Gaston, Cardinal Richelieu, Cardinal Mazarin and members of the Royal family are mentioned throughout the course of the
1948:
498:
5254:
1407:
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Louis ultimately dismissed Noël Brûlart de Sillery and Pierre Brûlart in 1624 because of his displeasure with how they handled the diplomatic situation over the
1536:, merging the historical with the fictional, portrayed the King as both incompetent and strong, whose alliance with Spain is ever faltering. He is portrayed by
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1181:("God-given"). As another sign of gratitude, according to several interpretations, seven months before his birth, France was dedicated by Louis XIII to the
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was established in 1612, but only lasted 4 years until it was eliminated by the Portuguese. In 1642, Louis XIII authorised French subjects to engage in the
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1130:. In 1643, on the death of Louis XIII, Gaston became lieutenant-general of the kingdom and fought against Spain on the northern frontiers of France.
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In 1630, Razilly was able to negotiate the purchase of French slaves from the Moroccans. He visited Morocco again in 1631, and helped negotiate the
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655:) and other advisers, to break with his mother and to arrest Concini. On 24 April 1617, during the attempted arrest, Concini was killed. His widow
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Many people regarded this birth as a miracle and, in show of gratitude to God for the long-awaited birth of an heir, his parents named him Louis-
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1349:(1771) that before Louis XIV was born, Louis XIII had an illegitimate son, who was jailed and his face hidden beneath an iron mask (see the
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1614:, in which Louis XIII is a significant character, albeit one with no resemblance to the real man. Louis XIII is portrayed as an effeminate
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broke out in 1618. The French court was initially unsure of which side to support. On the one hand, France's traditional rivalry with the
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Louis also worked to reverse the trend of promising French artists leaving for Italy to work and study. He commissioned the painters
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2310:, pp. 76–78. According to Moote, it is generally accepted that Louis XIII knew that Concini would be killed during the arrest (
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Unlike other colonial powers, France, under the guidance of Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu, encouraged a peaceful coexistence in
1478:
1097:. In 1619, an armed expedition composed of three ships (275 crew, 106 cannon) and called the "Fleet of Montmorency" under General
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408:, acted as regent during his minority. Mismanagement of the kingdom and ceaseless political intrigues by Marie and her Italian
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1403:, François de Baradas, ended when the latter lost favour fighting a duel after duelling had been forbidden by royal decree.
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Louis XIII ascended the throne in 1610 upon the assassination of his father, and his mother Marie de' Medici acted as his
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ruler of France. The Estates General accomplished little, spending its time discussing the relationship of France to the
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between the natives and the colonists. Indians, converted to Catholicism, were considered as "natural Frenchmen" by the
528:, who presented his credentials to Louis XIII in 1619, remarked on Louis's extreme congenital speech impediment and his
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In order to continue the exploration efforts of his predecessor Henry IV, Louis XIII considered a colonial venture in
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Galigaï was tried for witchcraft, condemned, beheaded, and burned on 8 July 1617, and Marie was sent into exile in
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French nobles launched a rebellion on 2 July 1620, but their forces were easily routed by royal forces at the
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Hayden, J. Michael. "Continuity in the France of Henry IV and Louis XIII: French foreign policy, 1598–1615."
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755:, after which he and Louis set out to quell the Huguenot rebellion. The siege at the Huguenot stronghold of
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Tilly, Charles (1985). "War making and state making as organized crime". In Evans, P.B.; Rueschemeyer, D.;
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Power and Reputation at the Court of Louis XIII: The Career of Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes (1578–1621)
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versions tend to treat Louis XIII as a comic character, depicting him as bumbling and incompetent. In the
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against his council rival. Louis needed a new chief advisor; Cardinal Richelieu would be that counsellor.
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1457:." The king himself danced in two performances of the ballet the same year at Chantilly and Royaumont.
974:: preferential tariffs, the establishment of a consulate, and freedom of religion for French subjects.
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2513:"French ports and the development of the plantation economy and the trade of enslaved people (EN, FR)"
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led the young king to take power in 1617 by exiling his mother and executing her followers, including
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There is no evidence that Louis kept mistresses (a distinction that earned him the title "Louis the
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Also in 1615, Marie de' Medici incorporated the merchants of Dieppe and other harbours to found the
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in 1622) was allowed to act as her chief adviser, serving as a go-between Marie and the King.
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474:
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1113:, Cardinal Richelieu obtained an agreement to halt the Dutch–French warfare in the Far East.
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Shortly before his ninth birthday, Louis became king of France and Navarre after his father
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A Man of Three Worlds: Samuel Pallache, a Moroccan Jew in Catholic and Protestant Europe
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The French nobles were further antagonised against Luynes by the 1618 revocation of the
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2777:"INTERVIEW with Miguel Yisrael, lutenist, about the lute in France in the 17th century"
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who amuses himself by shooting Protestants dressed up as birds. The film was based on
1015:) and developing it into a French colony. The King gave Razilly the official title of
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1427:"his intestines were inflamed and ulcerated, making digestion virtually impossible;
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The Orchestra of Louis XIII, Jordi Savall, Le Concert des Nations – Alia Vox AV9824
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among men in 1624. This fashion spread in Europe and European-influenced countries
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early victories, but were unable to complete a siege, this time at the fortress of
656:
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and was a dominant style among men for about 140 years, until the change of dress
821:, who held similar views of Spain as the king, and who advised Louis to side with
419:
Louis XIII, taciturn and suspicious, relied heavily on his chief ministers, first
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3048:] (in French). Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Paris: La compagnie des libraires.
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In 1621 Louis XIII was formally reconciled with his mother. Luynes was appointed
397:) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown.
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on 7 August 1620. Louis then launched an expedition against the Huguenots of
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2985:"Habsburg, Johanna von Oesterreich (Tochter des Kaisers Ferdinand I.)"
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Louis XIII, his wife Anne, and Cardinal Richelieu became central figures in
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902:. In foreign matters, Louis organised the development and administration of
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2452:. Translated by Beagles, Martin. Johns Hopkins University Press. p.
1380:, although some say there is no clear evidence of a sexual relationship.
1373:
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513:. As a child, he was raised under the supervision of the royal governess
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for political advice. Marie pursued a moderate policy, confirming the
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3250:, priest of the town who was tortured and burned at the stake in 1634
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1396:
1032:
1004:
951:. In 1624 he was given charge of an embassy to the pirate harbour of
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3297:
3041:
Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France
2421:
The Chevalier de Montmagny (1601–1657): First Governor of New France
593:. She was not, however, able to prevent rebellion by nobles such as
3046:
Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France
2597:
Our Lady of Graces and the birth of Louis XIV, The website of the
1360:
1137:
1050:
930:
846:
766:
674:
660:
622:
597:, second in line to the throne after Marie's second surviving son
550:
2581:"Apparition story of the Virgin Mary in Cotignac (Var, Provence)"
2547:. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press. pp. 93–94, 398.
1450:
1384:, drawing from rumours told to him by a critic of the King (the
431:. The King and the Cardinal are remembered for establishing the
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4004:
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647:
In the meantime, Louis XIII decided, with the encouragement of
3265:
The Crown, Ministeriat and Nobility at the court of Louis XIII
2544:
Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume III: A Century of Advance
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A complete portrait gallery of Louis XIII and Anna of Austria
2953:"The Medici Granducal Archive and the Medici Archive Project"
2917:
2915:
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2870:
1043:
provided those they enslaved were converted to Christianity.
806:. Valtellina was an area with Catholic inhabitants under the
3246:
Huxley, Aldous. "The Devils of Loudun" (1952). The trial of
2405:. Vol. 17, 18. Capuchin Seminary of St. Anthony. 1952.
970:. The treaty gave France preferential treatment, known as
852:
Louis XIII Crowned by Victory (Siege of La Rochelle, 1628)
2932:
2930:
1314:
Philippe of France, Duke of Anjou (later Duke of Orléans)
1158:. The couple were second cousins, by mutual descent from
1142:
Anne of Austria, Queen of France, wife of Louis XIII (by
947:
in 1619. Razilly was able to explore the coast as far as
577:, who was unpopular in the country. She mainly relied on
2998:] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 290 – via
2448:
García-Arenal, Mercedes; Wiegers, Gerard Albert (2003).
1197:, an early masterpiece of French Baroque architecture.
477:. His father Henry IV was the first French king of the
3073:, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press,
1019:. He took on military tasks such as taking control of
631:
Beginning in 1615, Marie came to rely increasingly on
3243:"Louis XIII" English historiographer Royal 1661–1666
1074:, a Japanese samurai and ambassador, sent to Rome by
1274:
Louis-Dieudonné, Dauphin of France (later Louis XIV)
416:, the most influential Italian at the French court.
5134:
5095:
5071:
5017:
4993:
4975:
4952:
4915:
4882:
4839:
4806:
4723:
4697:
4623:
4597:
4559:
4533:
4487:
4462:
4383:
4294:
4190:
4066:
3924:
3828:
3757:
3726:
3690:
3669:
3631:
3604:
3573:
3547:
3512:
3219:Éminence: Cardinal Richelieu and the Rise of France
2280:
497:, Queen of Navarre. His maternal grandparents were
355:
345:
335:
325:
313:
290:
261:
246:
229:
209:
205:
195:
187:
177:
128:
117:
107:
97:
83:
75:
61:
34:
2991:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
2679:
1193:, for which Louis XIV laid the cornerstone of its
2996:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
2895:Catherine de Medici: Renaissance Queen of France
1090:priest, reciprocated when he set foot in Japan.
955:in Morocco, in order to solve the affair of the
2974:
2972:
998:
906:, expanding its settlements westward along the
534:
2853:""Horrid Bushes of Vanity": A History of Wigs"
4671:
4016:
3806:
3465:
3178:France in the Age of Louis XIII and Richelieu
2887:
2885:
2419:Dubé, Jean-Claude; Rapley, Elizabeth (2005).
1949:Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
499:Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
8:
3100:The life of Edward, Lord Herbert of Cherbury
1408:Henri Coiffier de Ruzé, Marquis of Cinq-Mars
1325:21 Sep 1640 – 8 Jun 1701
3267:(German Historical Institute London, 1991)
3123:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
2599:Sanctuary of Our Lady at Cotignac, Provence
1449:Louis XIII shared his mother's love of the
1285:5 Sep 1638 – 1 Sep 1715
627:Half Louis d'Or (1643) depicting Louis XIII
503:Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
4678:
4664:
4656:
4023:
4009:
4001:
3813:
3799:
3791:
3472:
3458:
3450:
3328:
2229:. Cambridge University Press. p. 174.
1923:Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
1661:
1652:
1332:(1644–70) in 1661. Had issue. Married (2)
887:modernised, and he built a powerful navy.
671:Ascendancy of Charles de Luynes, 1617–1621
579:Nicolas de Neufville, seigneur de Villeroy
489:. Louis XIII's paternal grandparents were
473:("son of France"), and as the eldest son,
461:, Louis XIII was the eldest child of King
40:
31:
3489:The first generation are the children of
3142:. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
2947:
2945:
2826:"Everything Has a History Including Wigs"
2365:
2307:
837:Ministry of Cardinal Richelieu, 1624–1642
620:of offices, but reaching no resolutions.
3333:Louis XIII of France & II of Navarre
2751:
2739:
2724:
2708:
2567:
1469:, Louis helped introduce the wearing of
1207:
1205:The couple had the following offspring:
1150:On 24 November 1615, Louis XIII married
843:Cardinal Richelieu § Chief minister
605:assembly to address Condé's grievances.
280:
3749:Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry
3744:Prince Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême
3591:Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois
3221:(2011) New York: Walker & Company.
3016:
2936:
2921:
2876:
2617:
2201:
2186:, personal medical doctor to Louis XIII
1392:about what happened in the king's bed.
870:. Under Louis and Richelieu, the crown
385:; 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was
146:
5255:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis
3586:Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou
3038:Anselme de Sainte-Marie, Père (1726).
2831:Columbian College of Arts and Sciences
2423:. University of Ottawa Press. p.
2022:
1902:
1898:
1888:
1780:
1670:
1666:
1440:, which continued right to his death."
1070:started under Louis XIII in 1615 when
663:. Later, Louis conferred the title of
547:Regency of Marie de' Medici, 1610–1617
481:, having succeeded his second cousin,
389:from 1610 until his death in 1643 and
5245:17th-century deaths from tuberculosis
2855:. Randomhistory.com. 24 February 2009
2763:
2696:
2484:
2389:
2377:
2353:
2323:
2311:
2295:
2265:
2208:
2098:
2088:
2084:
2072:
2066:
2056:
2040:
2030:
2026:
2010:
2004:
1994:
1978:
1968:
1964:
1952:
1946:
1936:
1920:
1910:
1906:
1882:
1872:
1856:
1846:
1842:
1830:
1824:
1814:
1798:
1788:
1784:
1768:
1762:
1752:
1736:
1726:
1722:
1710:
1704:
1694:
1678:
1674:
1365:Coronation portrait of Louis XIII by
883:. In addition, Louis had the port of
376:
7:
4644:Debatable or disputed rulers are in
3097:Herbert of Cherbury, Edward (1830).
3059:La Provence mystique au XVIIe siècle
1334:Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine
575:Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully
2795:"CND - Centre National de la Danse"
2639:. MSN Encarta. 2008. Archived from
2528:by Alban Butler, Paul Burns, p. 259
922:Expansion overseas under Louis XIII
23:. For the architectural style, see
3565:Prince Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois
3260:, Baumgartner, genealogical tables
3161:. University of California Press.
2403:Round table of Franciscan research
595:Henri, Prince of Condé (1588–1646)
491:Antoine de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme
14:
3103:. Whittaker, Treacher, and Arnot.
1345:claimed in the second edition of
1101:was sent from Honfleur, to fight
1017:lieutenant-general for New France
5330:17th-century French LGBTQ people
5270:French people of Italian descent
3915:
3703:Prince Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine
3538:
3140:Anne of Austria: Queen of France
3070:Homosexuality & Civilization
2156:
1575:Louis XIII appears in novels of
1561:of novels and other writings by
1388:), explicitly speculated in his
1336:(1652–1722) in 1671. Had issue.
1318:
1308:) (1638–83) in 1660. Had issue.
1278:
935:Louis XIII, by Peter Paul Rubens
687:, from France (probably Paris).
546:
359:
16:King of France from 1610 to 1643
5240:17th-century Navarrese monarchs
5235:17th-century princes of Andorra
3765:Prince Henri, Count of Chambord
3734:Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France
3495:; these males held the rank of
3258:Renaissance France, genealogies
2043:Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
1631:Louis XIII appears in the 2002
1546:portrayed him in the 1926 film
1160:Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
1055:"Fleet of Montmorency", led by
787:The rebellion was ended by the
485:(1574–1589), in application of
469:. As son of the king, he was a
437:, and ending the revolt of the
421:Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes
276:
5340:Children of Henry IV of France
5265:Early modern history of France
3698:Prince Louis, Duke of Burgundy
3682:Prince Philippe, Duke of Anjou
3639:Prince Louis, Duke of Brittany
3525:Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans
3180:. Cambridge University Press.
2898:. HarperCollins. p. 386.
2243:History 1450–1789: Louis XIII.
1507:and subsequent television and
404:was assassinated. His mother,
1:
5335:Tuberculosis deaths in France
3623:Prince Charles, Duke of Berry
3276:The Descendants of Louis XIII
2824:Stenn, Kurt (13 March 2016).
1406:Louis was also captivated by
1330:Princess Henrietta of England
968:Franco-Moroccan Treaty (1631)
680:
560:
509:, his maternal aunt, was his
191:14 May 1610 – 20 October 1620
51:
5230:17th-century kings of France
3596:Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
3323:Choral Public Domain Library
2958:. p. 12. Archived from
2526:Butler's Lives of the Saints
1588:Louis XIII was portrayed by
1347:Questions sur l'Encyclopédie
1013:Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia
5300:Princes of France (Bourbon)
3560:Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
2678:John Baptiste Wolf (1968).
2608:. Retrieved 24 January 2008
2190:French monarchs family tree
2172:Absolute monarchy in France
2101:Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
1421:extrapulmonary tuberculosis
305:Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
5361:
3274:Willis, Daniel A. (comp).
3119:Kettering, Sharon (2008).
2227:Bringing the State Back In
2016:
1900:
1774:
1668:
1570:1636: The Cardinal Virtues
1461:Influence on men's fashion
1382:Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux
981:
840:
816:Superintendent of Finances
763:Rule by council, 1622–1624
689:Victoria and Albert Museum
555:Portrait of Louis XIII by
18:
5290:People from Fontainebleau
5183:
4642:
4036:
3913:
3773:
3654:Louis, Prince of Asturias
3536:
3487:
3438:
3429:
3421:
3414:
3398:
3388:
3379:
3371:
3366:
3331:
3319:Free scores by Louis XIII
3314:The French Army 1600–1900
3233:Journal of modern history
3217:Blanchard, Jean-Vincent.
3176:Tapié, Victor L. (1984).
2086:
2078:
2050:
2028:
2024:
1988:
1966:
1958:
1930:
1908:
1904:
1866:
1844:
1836:
1808:
1786:
1782:
1746:
1724:
1716:
1688:
1672:
1585:series (1977–2003).
1213:
1210:
1082:for a few days. In 1636,
984:France–Americas relations
943:, and sent a fleet under
773:Frans Pourbus the younger
679:Louis XIII on horseback,
557:Frans Pourbus the Younger
79:14 May 1610 – 14 May 1643
39:
3677:Louis, Dauphin of France
3644:Louis, Dauphin of France
3612:Louis, Dauphin of France
3581:Louis, Dauphin of France
3155:Moote, A. Lloyd (1989).
3111:Painters and Their Works
3108:James, Ralph N. (1897),
3067:Crompton, Louis (2006),
2980:Wurzbach, Constantin von
2281:Herbert of Cherbury 1830
1681:Charles, Duke of Vendôme
1640:The Church and the Crown
1602:portraying the Cardinal.
1549:Bardelys the Magnificent
1530:The 2014 BBC TV series,
1445:Composer and lute player
1306:Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche
653:Grand Falconer of France
524:to the court of France,
223:Château de Fontainebleau
4057:List of French monarchs
3660:Infante Philip of Spain
3530:Gaston, Duke of Orléans
3138:Kleinman, Ruth (1985).
3093:. Paris: Hachette, 1980
2341:Encyclopædia Britannica
1859:Marguerite of Angoulême
1656:Ancestors of Louis XIII
1608:directed the 1971 film
1460:
1386:Marquise de Rambouillet
1298:María Teresa de Austria
1095:Company of the Moluccas
872:successfully intervened
819:Charles de La Vieuville
599:Gaston, Duke of Orléans
583:Noël Brûlart de Sillery
520:The ambassador of King
459:Palace of Fontainebleau
4563:(1814–1815; 1815–1830)
4052:List of Frankish kings
4047:Simplified family tree
3617:King Philip V of Spain
2892:Leonie Frieda (2006).
2241:"Schneider, Robert A.
1455:Ballet de la Merlaison
1442:
1369:
1367:Philippe de Champaigne
1305:
1297:
1290:Maria Theresa of Spain
1147:
1117:Antipathy with brother
1068:France-Japan relations
1064:
1002:
936:
896:Philippe de Champaigne
862:
856:Philippe de Champaigne
776:
692:
628:
566:
544:
48:Philippe de Champaigne
5345:LGBTQ Roman Catholics
3011:Explanatory footnotes
1827:Jeanne III of Navarre
1425:
1364:
1242:14 Mar 1622
1141:
1054:
982:Further information:
934:
850:
841:Further information:
789:Treaty of Montpellier
770:
737:Battle of Ponts-de-Cé
678:
667:on Charles d'Albert.
626:
554:
515:Françoise de Montglat
453:Early life, 1601–1610
374:French pronunciation:
240:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
5280:LGBTQ heads of state
4042:Detailed family tree
3343:Cadet branch of the
3298:The Three Musketeers
3158:Louis XIII, the Just
3062:, Paris: Plon-Nourri
2541:(15 December 1998).
1885:Louis XIII of France
1739:Françoise of Alençon
1625:The Devils of Loudun
1504:The Three Musketeers
1351:Man in the Iron Mask
1168:Constance of Castile
1126:, he took refuge in
1109:. In 1624, with the
1099:Augustin de Beaulieu
1057:Augustin de Beaulieu
1041:Atlantic slave trade
908:Saint Lawrence River
881:Siege of La Rochelle
746:Henri, Duke of Rohan
465:and his second wife
254:Basilica of St Denis
19:For the cognac, see
5195:King/Queen of Spain
5073:House of Trastámara
4917:House of Trastámara
4478:Henry VI of England
3235:45.1 (1973): 1–23.
2965:on 15 January 2006.
2924:, pp. 328–329.
2879:, pp. 143–144.
2805:on 26 December 2014
2604:13 May 2008 at the
2515:. 13 December 2022.
2368:, pp. 100–101.
2356:, pp. 100–101.
1801:Henry II of Navarre
1489:In fiction and film
1164:Louis VII of France
1156:Philip III of Spain
1111:Treaty of Compiègne
827:Treaty of Compiègne
753:Constable of France
507:Eleonora de' Medici
381:; sometimes called
242:, Kingdom of France
225:, Kingdom of France
21:Louis XIII (cognac)
5295:Princes of Andorra
5260:Dauphins of France
4808:House of Champagne
4763:García Sánchez III
4625:House of Bonaparte
4535:House of Bonaparte
4465:House of Lancaster
4031:Monarchs of France
3822:Dauphins of France
3504:Grandson of France
3409:French annexation
3278:(1999). Clearfield
2643:on 28 October 2009
2587:on 14 October 2007
2336:"Concini, Concino"
1765:Henry IV of France
1707:Antoine of Navarre
1595:Cardinal Richelieu
1370:
1148:
1072:Hasekura Tsunenaga
1065:
1037:Equinoctial France
937:
863:
831:Cardinal Richelieu
810:of the Protestant
777:
730:Cardinal Richelieu
713:Holy Roman Emperor
693:
629:
567:
526:Sir Edward Herbert
522:James I of England
463:Henry IV of France
434:Académie française
425:Cardinal Richelieu
330:Henry IV of France
158:Cardinal Richelieu
5202:
5201:
5097:House of Habsburg
4753:García Sánchez II
4653:
4652:
4614:Louis Philippe II
4537:(1804–1814; 1815)
3998:
3997:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3481:Princes of France
3448:
3447:
3439:Succeeded by
3432:Dauphin of France
3389:Succeeded by
3354:27 September 1601
3303:Project Gutenberg
3263:Malettke, Klaus.
3227:978-0-8027-1704-7
3187:978-0-5212-6924-7
3080:978-0-674-02233-1
2905:978-0-06-074493-9
2781:classiquenews.com
2463:978-0-8018-7225-9
2434:978-0-7766-0559-3
2326:, pp. 92–94.
2146:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2069:Joanna of Austria
1981:Eleanor of Toledo
1592:in the 1935 film
1582:Fortune de France
1496:Alexandre Dumas,
1483:French Revolution
1465:In the sphere of
1340:
1339:
1144:Peter Paul Rubens
1084:Guillaume Courtet
876:Thirty Years' War
708:House of Habsburg
704:Thirty Years' War
475:Dauphin of France
429:Kingdom of France
378:[lwitʁɛz]
367:
366:
350:Roman Catholicism
220:27 September 1601
5352:
5136:House of Bourbon
5019:House of Bourbon
4743:García Sánchez I
4725:House of Jiménez
4698:House of Íñiguez
4680:
4673:
4666:
4657:
4608:Louis Philippe I
4599:House of Orléans
4561:House of Bourbon
4489:House of Bourbon
4025:
4018:
4011:
4002:
3954:Le Petit Dauphin
3946:Le Grand Dauphin
3926:House of Bourbon
3919:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3792:
3775:
3713:King Louis XVIII
3542:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3451:
3422:Preceded by
3375:Henry IV and III
3372:Preceded by
3362:
3355:
3338:House of Bourbon
3329:
3305:
3207:
3172:
3151:
3134:
3115:
3104:
3083:
3063:
3049:
3025:
3021:
3004:
3003:
2987:
2976:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2957:
2949:
2940:
2934:
2925:
2919:
2910:
2909:
2889:
2880:
2874:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2801:. Archived from
2791:
2785:
2784:
2773:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2722:
2716:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2675:
2669:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2631:
2625:
2615:
2609:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2583:. Archived from
2577:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2509:
2503:
2498:
2492:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2278:
2272:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2185:
2177:Charles de Lorme
2166:
2164:Biography portal
2161:
2160:
2159:
2007:Marie de' Medici
1662:
1653:
1509:film adaptations
1481:effected by the
1378:Charles d'Albert
1322:
1282:
1208:
1035:, the colony of
945:Isaac de Razilly
898:to decorate the
868:absolute monarch
682:
649:Charles d'Albert
642:Treaty of Loudun
565:
562:
479:House of Bourbon
467:Marie de' Medici
427:, to govern the
406:Marie de' Medici
380:
375:
363:
340:Marie de' Medici
284:
282:
278:
236:
219:
217:
183:
165:Cardinal Mazarin
143:
133:
122:Marie de' Medici
56:
53:
44:
32:
25:Louis XIII style
5360:
5359:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5325:1640s in France
5320:1630s in France
5315:1620s in France
5310:1610s in France
5305:1600s in France
5205:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5179:
5138:- Upper Navarre
5130:
5099:- Upper Navarre
5091:
5075:- Upper Navarre
5067:
5021:- Lower Navarre
5013:
4997:- Lower Navarre
4995:House of Albret
4989:
4977:House of Albret
4971:
4962:Francis Phoebus
4948:
4911:
4884:House of Évreux
4878:
4835:
4802:
4719:
4693:
4684:
4654:
4649:
4638:
4619:
4593:
4555:
4529:
4483:
4458:
4385:House of Valois
4379:
4290:
4251:Charles the Fat
4210:Pepin the Short
4195:
4186:
4062:
4061:
4032:
4029:
3999:
3994:
3920:
3911:
3886:Charles Orlando
3830:House of Valois
3824:
3819:
3789:
3784:
3769:
3753:
3739:King Louis XVII
3722:
3686:
3665:
3627:
3600:
3569:
3543:
3534:
3520:King Louis XIII
3508:
3483:
3478:
3444:
3435:
3427:
3404:
3401:King of Navarre
3394:
3385:
3377:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3341:
3334:
3295:
3285:
3248:Urbain Grandier
3214:
3212:Further reading
3188:
3175:
3169:
3154:
3137:
3131:
3118:
3107:
3096:
3091:Anne d’Autriche
3081:
3066:
3052:
3037:
3034:
3029:
3028:
3022:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3007:
2978:
2977:
2970:
2962:
2955:
2951:
2950:
2943:
2935:
2928:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2875:
2868:
2858:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2808:
2806:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2762:
2758:
2750:
2746:
2738:
2734:
2723:
2719:
2707:
2703:
2695:
2691:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2666:Anne d’Autriche
2660:
2656:
2646:
2644:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2616:
2612:
2606:Wayback Machine
2590:
2588:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2539:Lach, Donald F.
2537:
2536:
2532:
2524:
2520:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2495:
2483:
2479:
2464:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2388:
2384:
2376:
2372:
2364:
2360:
2352:
2348:
2334:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2306:
2302:
2294:
2290:
2279:
2275:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2179:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2147:
1650:
1491:
1463:
1447:
1416:
1359:
1261:stillborn child
1249:stillborn child
1237:stillborn child
1225:stillborn child
1203:
1152:Anne of Austria
1136:
1119:
1049:
1021:Fort Pentagouet
986:
980:
957:Zaydani Library
929:
924:
892:Nicolas Poussin
860:musée du Louvre
845:
839:
771:Louis XIII, by
765:
715:, the Habsburg
673:
633:Concino Concini
603:Estates General
591:Edict of Nantes
563:
549:
495:Jeanne d'Albret
455:
439:French nobility
414:Concino Concini
391:King of Navarre
373:
309:
286:
274:
270:
268:Anne of Austria
257:
251:
238:
234:
221:
215:
213:
181:
179:King of Navarre
173:
167:
160:
153:
145:
144:
139:
131:Chief ministers
129:
92:Reims Cathedral
90:
89:17 October 1610
71:
57:
54:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5358:
5356:
5348:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5285:Child monarchs
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5207:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5191:King of France
5187:King of Aragon
5184:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5141:
5139:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5102:
5100:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5078:
5076:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5024:
5022:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5006:
5000:
4998:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4981:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4958:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4941:
4934:
4927:
4921:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4888:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4845:
4843:
4841:House of Capet
4837:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4812:
4810:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4788:García Ramírez
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4727:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4710:García Íñiguez
4707:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4675:
4668:
4660:
4651:
4650:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4630:
4628:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4610:
4604:
4602:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4572:
4566:
4564:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4546:
4540:
4538:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4494:
4492:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4473:
4471:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4390:
4388:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4301:
4299:
4296:House of Capet
4292:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4204:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4157:Childebert III
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4073:
4071:
4064:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4005:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3949:
3941:
3936:
3930:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3834:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3795:
3786:
3785:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3758:9th generation
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3730:
3728:
3727:8th generation
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3718:King Charles X
3715:
3710:
3708:King Louis XVI
3705:
3700:
3694:
3692:
3691:7th generation
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3670:6th generation
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3635:
3633:
3632:5th generation
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3606:
3605:4th generation
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3577:
3575:
3574:3rd generation
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3555:King Louis XIV
3551:
3549:
3548:2nd generation
3545:
3544:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3516:
3514:
3513:1st generation
3510:
3509:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3454:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3437:
3428:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3416:French royalty
3412:
3411:
3406:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3387:
3382:King of France
3378:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3367:Regnal titles
3364:
3363:
3346:House of Capet
3342:
3335:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3292:
3291:
3284:
3283:External links
3281:
3280:
3279:
3272:
3261:
3254:Knecht, Robert
3251:
3244:
3238:
3229:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3186:
3173:
3167:
3152:
3135:
3129:
3116:
3105:
3094:
3087:Dulong, Claude
3084:
3079:
3064:
3054:Brémond, Henri
3050:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3005:
2982:, ed. (1860).
2968:
2941:
2939:, p. 211.
2926:
2911:
2904:
2881:
2866:
2844:
2816:
2786:
2768:
2756:
2754:, p. 137.
2744:
2742:, p. 131.
2732:
2717:
2701:
2689:
2670:
2662:Dulong, Claude
2654:
2626:
2610:
2572:
2560:
2553:
2530:
2518:
2504:
2493:
2477:
2462:
2440:
2433:
2411:
2394:
2382:
2370:
2366:Kettering 2008
2358:
2346:
2328:
2316:
2314:, p. 94).
2308:Kettering 2008
2300:
2288:
2273:
2258:
2232:
2213:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1658:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1629:
1603:
1586:
1573:
1553:
1541:
1533:The Musketeers
1528:
1501:'s 1844 novel
1490:
1487:
1462:
1459:
1446:
1443:
1415:
1412:
1358:
1355:
1338:
1337:
1326:
1323:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1286:
1283:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1202:
1199:
1154:, daughter of
1135:
1132:
1118:
1115:
1048:
1045:
979:
976:
928:
925:
923:
920:
838:
835:
764:
761:
672:
669:
665:Duke of Luynes
587:Pierre Jeannin
548:
545:
471:Fils de France
454:
451:
447:Habsburg Spain
387:King of France
365:
364:
357:
353:
352:
347:
343:
342:
337:
333:
332:
327:
323:
322:
317:
311:
310:
308:
307:
302:
296:
294:
288:
287:
272:
266:
265:
263:
259:
258:
252:
248:
244:
243:
237:(aged 41)
231:
227:
226:
211:
207:
206:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
189:
185:
184:
175:
174:
172:
171:
170:
169:
162:
155:
151:Duke of Luynes
138:
137:
136:
134:
126:
125:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
87:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
65:
63:King of France
59:
58:
45:
37:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5357:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5275:LGBTQ royalty
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5250:Ancien Régime
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5182:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5170:Ferdinand III
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5133:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5094:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5070:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5016:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4992:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4954:House of Foix
4951:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4738:Jimeno Garcés
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4716:
4715:Fortún Garcés
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4681:
4676:
4674:
4669:
4667:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4647:
4641:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4622:
4616:
4615:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4293:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4198:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4182:Childeric III
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4147:Theuderic III
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4112:Childebert II
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
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3241:Howell, James
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3130:9780719089985
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2769:
2766:, p. 292
2765:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2752:Kleinman 1985
2748:
2745:
2741:
2740:Kleinman 1985
2736:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2725:Crompton 2006
2721:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2709:Crompton 2006
2705:
2702:
2699:, p. 148
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2568:Kleinman 1985
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2554:9780226467658
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2247:. Answers.com
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1622:'s 1952 book
1621:
1620:Aldous Huxley
1617:
1613:
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1607:
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1601:
1600:George Arliss
1597:
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1590:Edward Arnold
1587:
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1568:, especially
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1467:men's fashion
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1229:
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1189:abbey of the
1188:
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1073:
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1022:
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985:
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972:capitulations
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812:Three Leagues
809:
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208:
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198:
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182:(as Louis II)
180:
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135:
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127:
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78:
74:
69:
64:
60:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
5155:Ferdinand II
5037:
4936:
4929:
4705:Íñigo Arista
4645:
4634:Napoleon III
4612:
4586:
4579:
4548:
4522:
4502:
4476:
4468:
4463:
4424:Charles VIII
4192:Carolingians
4177:Theuderic IV
4167:Chilperic II
4162:Dagobert III
4142:Childeric II
4137:Chlothar III
4082:Childebert I
4068:Merovingians
3980:Louis Joseph
3953:
3945:
3933:
3881:Charles VIII
3777:
3519:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3436:1601 – 1610
3430:
3408:
3405:1610 – 1620
3399:
3386:1610 – 1643
3380:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3336:
3325:(ChoralWiki)
3296:
3275:
3264:
3257:
3232:
3218:
3177:
3157:
3139:
3120:
3110:
3099:
3090:
3069:
3058:
3045:
3040:
3019:
2995:
2989:
2960:the original
2937:Anselme 1726
2922:Anselme 1726
2894:
2877:Anselme 1726
2857:. Retrieved
2847:
2835:. Retrieved
2829:
2819:
2807:. Retrieved
2803:the original
2798:
2789:
2780:
2771:
2759:
2747:
2735:
2720:
2704:
2692:
2681:
2673:
2665:
2657:
2645:. Retrieved
2641:the original
2635:
2629:
2618:Brémond 1908
2613:
2589:. Retrieved
2585:the original
2575:
2570:, p. ?.
2563:
2543:
2533:
2525:
2521:
2507:
2496:
2480:
2449:
2443:
2420:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2385:
2373:
2361:
2349:
2339:
2331:
2319:
2303:
2291:
2276:
2261:
2249:. Retrieved
2242:
2235:
2226:
2216:
2204:
1884:
1638:
1637:audio drama
1632:
1623:
1609:
1594:
1580:
1577:Robert Merle
1569:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1544:Arthur Lubin
1531:
1502:
1497:
1479:in the 1790s
1475:in the 1660s
1464:
1448:
1429:tuberculosis
1426:
1417:
1405:
1394:
1390:Historiettes
1389:
1371:
1346:
1341:
1328:Married (1)
1204:
1191:Val-de-Grâce
1178:
1176:
1149:
1120:
1092:
1080:Saint-Tropez
1078:, landed at
1066:
1003:
999:
987:
965:
938:
889:
864:
851:
797:
786:
778:
750:
734:
725:paulette tax
723:
721:
717:Ferdinand II
701:
694:
657:Leonora Dori
646:
630:
609:
607:
568:
537:
535:
530:double teeth
519:
457:Born at the
456:
432:
418:
399:
394:
382:
369:
368:
235:(1643-05-14)
140:
46:Portrait by
29:
5225:1643 deaths
5220:1601 births
5165:Charles VII
5082:Ferdinand I
4902:Charles III
4821:Theobald II
4627:(1852–1870)
4601:(1830–1848)
4570:Louis XVIII
4550:Napoleon II
4491:(1589–1792)
4469:(1422–1453)
4414:Charles VII
4387:(1328–1589)
4261:Charles III
4246:Carloman II
4222:(Charles I)
4220:Charlemagne
4172:Chlothar IV
4127:Sigebert II
4117:Chlothar II
4102:Chilperic I
4092:Charibert I
3868:Charles VII
3361:14 May 1643
3114:, L.U. Gill
2809:26 December
2727:, pp.
2711:, pp.
2620:, pp.
2283:, pp.
2268:, pp.
2223:Skocpol, T.
2180: [
1606:Ken Russell
1558:1632 series
1187:Benedictine
1183:Virgin Mary
1086:, a French
1061:East Indies
961:Mulay Zidan
912:Quebec City
793:La Rochelle
782:Montpellier
683:1615–1620.
564: 1616
250:19 May 1643
233:14 May 1643
196:Predecessor
168:(1642–1643)
161:(1624–1642)
154:(1617–1621)
124:(1610–1614)
98:Predecessor
55: 1635
5215:Louis XIII
5209:Categories
5175:Isabella I
5160:Charles VI
5145:Philip VII
5106:Charles IV
4938:Blanche II
4931:Charles IV
4897:Charles II
4892:Philip III
4816:Theobald I
4798:Sancho VII
4758:Sancho III
4544:Napoleon I
4524:Louis XVII
4503:Louis XIII
4449:Charles IX
4444:Francis II
4409:Charles VI
4375:Charles IV
4350:Philip III
4340:Louis VIII
4305:Hugh Capet
4298:(987–1328)
4231:Charles II
4215:Carloman I
4197:Robertians
4122:Dagobert I
4107:Sigebert I
4087:Chlothar I
3985:Louis XVII
3934:Louis XIII
3907:Francis II
3843:Charles VI
3032:References
3000:Wikisource
2764:Moote 1989
2697:Moote 1989
2647:20 January
2591:31 January
2487:, p.
2485:Tapié 1984
2390:Moote 1989
2378:Moote 1989
2354:Moote 1989
2324:Moote 1989
2312:Moote 1989
2296:Moote 1989
2266:James 1897
2209:Moote 1989
1634:Doctor Who
1611:The Devils
1563:Eric Flint
1395:A further
1009:Port-Royal
994:Ordonnance
990:New France
904:New France
808:suzerainty
800:Valtellina
410:favourites
370:Louis XIII
216:1601-09-27
85:Coronation
35:Louis XIII
5126:Charles V
5121:Philip VI
5111:Philip IV
5063:Charles V
5043:Louis III
5033:Henry III
4967:Catherine
4907:Blanche I
4869:Charles I
4864:Philip II
4793:Sancho VI
4783:Alfonso I
4768:Sancho IV
4748:Sancho II
4581:Louis XIX
4575:Charles X
4518:Louis XVI
4508:Louis XIV
4454:Henry III
4434:Francis I
4429:Louis XII
4404:Charles V
4394:Philip VI
4355:Philip IV
4335:Philip II
4330:Louis VII
4310:Robert II
4241:Louis III
4203:(751–987)
4152:Clovis IV
4132:Clovis II
4070:(509–751)
3990:Louis XIX
3975:Louis XVI
3939:Louis XIV
3838:Charles V
3392:Louis XIV
2859:23 August
2686:. Norton.
2682:Louis XIV
2636:Louis XIV
2251:23 August
1648:Ancestors
1538:Ryan Gage
1525:1993 film
1438:bleedings
1357:Sexuality
1179:Dieudonné
1172:Louis XIV
1124:Languedoc
1103:the Dutch
1088:Dominican
1063:, 1619–22
1059:, in the
996:of 1627:
823:the Dutch
757:Montauban
511:godmother
487:Salic law
483:Henry III
443:Huguenots
423:and then
356:Signature
300:Louis XIV
200:Henry III
112:Louis XIV
108:Successor
5150:Louis II
5116:Philip V
5087:Joan III
5058:Louis VI
5048:Louis IV
5038:Louis II
5009:Joan III
5004:Henry II
4985:John III
4849:Philip I
4773:Sancho V
4733:Sancho I
4687:Monarchs
4513:Louis XV
4498:Henry IV
4439:Henry II
4419:Louis XI
4370:Philip V
4345:Louis IX
4325:Louis VI
4320:Philip I
4276:Louis IV
4266:Robert I
4236:Louis II
4201:Bosonids
4077:Clovis I
3965:Louis XV
3902:Henry II
3897:François
3893:François
3877:François
3873:Louis XI
3492:Henri IV
3204:3181429M
3196:10185508
3056:(1908),
2602:Archived
2472:7871017M
2225:(eds.).
2150:See also
1521:the 2011
1517:the 1973
1513:the 1948
1399:with an
1343:Voltaire
1288:Married
1217:Lifespan
1214:Portrait
1134:Marriage
1128:Flanders
1107:Far East
978:Americas
916:Montreal
885:Le Havre
825:via the
691:, London
637:Huguenot
618:venality
616:and the
610:de facto
402:Henry IV
395:Louis II
383:the Just
346:Religion
256:, France
141:See list
102:Henry IV
5193:. Also
5189:. Also
5053:Louis V
5028:Antoine
4944:Eleanor
4925:John II
4874:Joan II
4854:Louis I
4826:Henry I
4778:Peter I
4691:Navarre
4646:italics
4588:Henry V
4399:John II
4360:Louis X
4315:Henry I
4286:Louis V
4281:Lothair
4271:Rudolph
4226:Louis I
4097:Guntram
3952:Louis,
3944:Louis,
3890:Charles
3853:Charles
3848:Charles
3425:Francis
3321:in the
2837:14 July
2344:online.
1616:gay man
1598:, with
1401:equerry
1397:liaison
1294:Spanish
1146:, 1625)
1105:in the
1027:on the
949:Mogador
941:Morocco
927:Morocco
874:in the
320:Bourbon
285:
273:
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4859:John I
4831:Joan I
4365:John I
3778:until
3357:
3269:online
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1434:enemas
1374:Chaste
1302:French
1220:Notes
1195:church
1033:Brazil
1005:Acadia
775:(1620)
696:Luynes
685:Bronze
614:Papacy
585:, and
571:Regent
501:, and
493:, and
336:Mother
326:Father
279:
262:Spouse
247:Burial
118:Regent
5185:Also
3970:Louis
3960:Louis
3858:Louis
3442:Louis
3359:Died:
3352:Born:
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2956:(PDF)
2196:Notes
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1414:Death
1201:Issue
1011:(now
910:from
804:Spain
802:with
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661:Blois
651:(the
315:House
292:Issue
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275:(
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188:Reign
76:Reign
4199:and
3863:John
3780:1713
3223:ISBN
3192:OCLC
3182:ISBN
3163:ISBN
3144:ISBN
3125:ISBN
3075:ISBN
2900:ISBN
2861:2012
2839:2019
2811:2014
2649:2008
2593:2008
2549:ISBN
2458:ISBN
2429:ISBN
2253:2012
2099:15.
2041:14.
1979:13.
1921:12.
1857:11.
1799:10.
1498:père
1471:wigs
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1211:Name
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230:Died
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