160:
crucifixes and rosaries to his followers and officiated at religious rites similar to those of the
Catholic Church. He affected long hair and wore clothes associated with Biblical figures, and was reverently regarded by his followers as a prophet. He warned of the coming of a second "great flood" that would destroy all non-believers, and spoke of a rain of gold and jewels for his followers afterwards. He also promised them God would turn their bolo knives into rifles if they fought bravely and were faithful to Santa Iglesia.
195:
203:
214:
175:, and from there he directed the operations of his men. His top lieutenant, Gen. Manuel Garciaâalias Capt. Tuiâusually led the raids on the military outposts; during lulls in the fighting, Salvador continued to recruit large numbers of followers. His followers, by one estimate, numbered over 2,000. By May 1906 Salvador was commanding an army of 300 men and 100 rifles.
179:
information from the people, and whenever he and his followers raided military detachments, a large number of peasants would voluntarily supply them fighting men. In 1902 the
Philippine Constabulary captured him in Pampanga and the courts convicted him of sedition but he managed to escape from prison and returned to Central Luzon.
225:
Salvador continued to evade capture for four years, moving from place to place protected by people who continued to believe in him. He was finally captured on July 24, 1910, in San Luis in a remote barrio in the
Candaba Swamp, and was prosecuted and sentenced to death on April 15, 1912, in Manila.
167:
people ownership of land when the government was overthrown, and earned their faith and respect. He would enter a town with a group of long-haired and long-robed followers, plant a bamboo cross in the middle of the plaza and launch an eloquent exhortation that would lead many to join his movement.
159:
The religious sect he organized, called Santa
Iglesia or Holy Church, borrowed much of its organization and terminology from the Catholic Church, although the creed of the Santa Iglesia had strongly anti-Spanish, anti-Catholic overtones. Assuming the title of pontiff, Salvador gave away or sold
178:
Telling the story of
Salvador in "The Philippines: A Past Revisited", Constantino said that the people's support for Salvador was so steadfast that the government found it difficult to obtain information on his movementsânot even a promised reward of P2,000 for his capture could elicit any
105:
Felipe
Salvador and the Santa Iglesia movement are often depicted as part of Filipino history when numerous resistance and millenarian movements broke out across the archipelago, during a period spanning the Filipino struggle for independence culminating in the
229:
Salvador's regarded him as divine or semi-divine. Even after his death a cult of Apo Ipe emerged and remained way into the 1920s, and millenarian leaders in Tarlac could still attract many followers by claiming they had eaten or talked with Felipe
Salvador.
122:
Often described by historians as a quasi-religious rebel leader, Felipe
Salvadoâalso known as Apo Ipeâwas born in Baliwag, in Bulacan province on the island of Luzon, on May 26, 1870. He was reportedly the son of a Spanish friar and became at one time a
58:, was a Filipino revolutionary who founded the Santa Iglesia (Holy Church), a messianic society that was categorized as "colorum" which had the aim of defeating and overthrowing the occupational government of the
593:
892:
147:
from
Balintawak. He fought with the Katipunan forces against the US Army in encounters in San Luis, Pampanga, where he was wounded, and subsequently was appointed colonel in 1899 by
897:
907:
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234:
218:
452:
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902:
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When
Aguinaldo was captured by the US forces in March 23, 1901, Salvador went to the mountains and began conducting independent guerrilla operations.
325:. In Norman G.Owens (ed) Compadre Colonialism - Studies on the Philippines under American Rule: Ann Arbor University of Michigan. pp. 129â155.
598:
912:
546:
245:
unveiled a Level II Historical-biographical marker at the Baliwag North Central School in synchronous to Salvador's 151st Birth Anniversary.
168:
During those years he gained many adherents among the poor and landless masses of Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, Pangasinan and Nueva Ecija.
445:
810:
143:, the nationalistic, partisan society founded in the Philippines in 1892 to oust the Spanish colonial governmentâwhen they arrived in
102:. He was captured by American forces in 1910. He was tried and sentenced to death, being hanged in 1912, two years after his capture.
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872:
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353:
815:
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500:
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86:
was captured by American troops. Salvador and his church gained a significant number of followers in the regions of Bulacan,
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414:
649:
111:
779:
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Newspaper reports of the time described his composure upon his execution, counselling his followers not to grieve.
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in his town, while showing signs of a rebellious character early in life against the
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17:
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99:
82:. He founded the Santa Iglesia in 1901 after fleeing to the mountains when Gen.
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63:
25:
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91:
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67:
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87:
430:
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33:
29:
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415:"BULACAN UNVEILS HISTORICAL MARKER FOR FELIPE "APO IPE" SALVADOR"
434:
191:, which greatly demoralized the Santa Iglesia fighting forces.
323:
American Internal Revenue Policy in the Philippines to 1916
373:. Manila, American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines.
237:
Deputy Executive Director Carminda Arevalo, with Governor
340:
The Pampangans. Colonial Society in a Philippine Province
403:. Quezon City: Tala Publishing Services. p. 268.
310:. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin. p. 266.
187:
In July 1906 Capt. Tui was killed in an encounter in
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687:
637:
524:
493:
486:
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286:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
235:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
371:History of Industry and Trade of the Philippines
893:People executed by the United States by hanging
209:on fence of Paaralang Bayan ng Hilagang Baliuag
139:Salvador joined the Katipunerosâmembers of the
898:People executed by the Philippines by hanging
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8:
490:
453:
439:
431:
344:. University of California Press. p.
198:May 26, 2021 unveiling of Salvador marker
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171:Salvador's headquarters was located on
816:"Evolution of the Philippine Flag" set
908:People of the PhilippineâAmerican War
384:"Sugar Centrals in the Philippines".
110:of 1896 against Spanish rule, to the
7:
878:Filipino Christian religious leaders
386:American Chamber of Commerce Journal
282:"Unveiling the Path to Independence"
903:People of the Philippine Revolution
811:Flags of the Philippine Revolution
308:The Philippines Islands Vol 1, 316
14:
401:The Philippines: A Past Revisited
280:Dublas, Ericson (June 15, 2023).
695:American Anti-Imperialist League
114:of 1899-1902 and its aftermath.
70:in 1896 upon the arrival of the
50:â 15 April 1912), also known as
670:Commonwealth of the Philippines
665:Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916
701:Iglesia Filipina Independiente
1:
732:Philippine Revolutionary Army
547:Kapampangan Counterrevolution
913:20th-century Filipino people
624:Federal State of the Visayas
399:Constantino, Renato (1975).
599:Declaration of Independence
369:Hartendorp, A.V.H. (1958).
163:Salvador also promised the
36:or maternal family name is
929:
306:Forbes, W Cameron (1928).
270:, retrieved on 29 May 2011
15:
609:First Philippine Republic
501:Pre-revolutionary revolts
468:
888:Executed Filipino people
873:Executed revolutionaries
868:Filipino revolutionaries
829:Marcha nacional filipina
594:Revolutionary Government
562:Republic of Biak-na-Bato
336:Larkin, John A. (1972).
823:Flag of the Philippines
727:Philippine Constabulary
650:PhilippineâAmerican War
542:Katagalugan (Bonifacio)
131:and the parish priest.
112:PhilippineâAmerican War
66:. Salvador joined the
589:Dictatorial Government
388:: 30â31. January 1922.
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210:
199:
761:Kartilya ng Katipunan
629:Republic of Zamboanga
462:Philippine Revolution
321:Luton, Harry (1971).
216:
205:
197:
155:Rise of Santa Iglesia
135:Joining the Katipunan
108:Philippine Revolution
787:Pact of Biak-na-Bato
767:Malolos Constitution
579:SpanishâAmerican War
233:On May 26, 2021 the
883:People from Bulacan
655:Katagalugan (Sakay)
506:Propaganda Movement
619:Republic of Negros
557:Tejeros Convention
532:Cry of Pugad Lawin
511:Palmero Conspiracy
243:Ferdinand Estrella
241:and Baliwag Mayor
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211:
200:
125:cabeza de barangay
56:ĂpĂ»ng IpĂȘ Salvador
845:
844:
754:El filibusterismo
722:Magdiwang faction
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614:Negros Revolution
183:Capture and death
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712:La Liga Filipina
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149:Emilio Aguinaldo
84:Emilio Aguinaldo
48:Baliuag, Bulacan
46:(26 May 1870 at
22:natural children
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841:
799:
780:Noli Me TĂĄngere
773:Mi Ășltimo adiĂłs
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717:Magdalo faction
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645:Treaty of Paris
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584:Hong Kong Junta
520:
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459:
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423:. May 27, 2021.
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268:Felipe Salvador
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239:Daniel Fernando
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44:Felipe Salvador
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18:Philippine name
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794:La Solidaridad
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660:Moro Rebellion
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537:Bonifacio Plan
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221:marker in 2024
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24:, there is no
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552:Imus Assembly
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355:9780520020764
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129:Guardia Civil
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60:United States
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28:nor paternal
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289:. Retrieved
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177:
173:Mount Arayat
170:
162:
158:
138:
121:
104:
78:in Baliuag,
55:
51:
43:
42:
37:
863:1912 deaths
858:1870 births
100:Nueva Ecija
72:Katipuneros
64:Philippines
30:family name
26:middle name
852:Categories
836:Spoliarium
525:Concurrent
249:References
118:Early life
92:Pangasinan
76:Balintawak
32:, but the
20: for
746:Documents
737:Pulajanes
707:Katipunan
567:Elections
217:Salvador
141:Katipunan
68:Katipunan
638:Epilogue
516:Gomburza
207:Graffiti
88:Pampanga
38:Salvador
16:In this
804:Symbols
494:Prelude
473:Battles
420:Bulacan
189:Hagonoy
145:Baliwag
80:Bulacan
62:in the
52:Apo Ipe
34:surname
487:Events
478:People
352:
291:May 5,
165:barrio
96:Tarlac
74:from
572:Pact
350:ISBN
293:2024
219:NHCP
98:and
54:or
346:235
854::
417:.
348:.
284:.
94:,
90:,
831:"
827:"
789:"
785:"
775:"
771:"
454:e
447:t
440:v
358:.
295:.
40:.
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