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455:("Song of a Nightingale, No. 2") from disc No. R. 6105, the Italian pressing of the disc released across Europe by the Gramophone Record label between 1911 and 1913. The original pressing was released in Germany in 1910, and was recorded by Karl Reich and Franz Hampe. It is the first ever commercial recording of a live bird. Respighi also called for the disc to be played on a
391:), the sound rising and sinking again into some sort of catacomb, the cavern in which the dead are immured. An offstage trumpet plays the Sanctus hymn. Lower orchestral instruments, plus the organ pedal at 16′ and 32′ pitch, suggest the subterranean nature of the catacombs, while the trombones and horns represent priests chanting.
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Authors
Rehding and Dolan observed that the piece is cyclical in nature in different ways; the Villa Borghese gardens, the Janiculum hill, and the Appian Way pinpoint a counter-clockwise tour around Rome's perimeter, and the four movements progress from day to night, and ending with dawn. The setting
814:
conducted the
Orchestra dell'Augusteo to a positive reception. Elsa remembered the final measures of the piece were "drowned by frenetic applause" from the audience, and a second performance was arranged on 28 December to a sold-out venue. The American premiere took place on January 14 1926, during
289:
to Rome in 1913, Respighi said that the city's "marvellous fountains" and "umbrella-like pines that appear in every part of the horizon" were two characteristics that " spoken to my imagination above all". This influence resulted in the first of his three tone poems about Rome, the
530:. One day prior to the final rehearsal, Respighi revealed to Elsa that the crescendo of "I Pini della Via Appia" made him feel "'an I-don’t-know-what' in the pit of his stomach", and the first time that a work he had imagined turned out how he wanted it.
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recalled a moment in late 1920, when
Respighi asked her to sing the melodies of songs that she sang while playing in the gardens as a child as he transcribed them, and found he had incorporated the tunes in the first movement.
414:
823:. Toscanini also conducted the piece at his final performance with the orchestra in 1945. Respighi, who had arrived in the United States to embark on a concert tour in December 1925, conducted the work with the
833:
is easily the most recorded of all
Respighi's works, and is often released as part of his trilogy of Roman-inspired works. As of 2018, more than 100 recordings of the piece are available on physical media.
950:(2018), a reinterpretation of Conner's film in which the screen is black, except for the third movement, which depicts the original nocturne, a full moon behind the pine trees, in a single shot.
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during its ending, which was considered innovative for its time and the first such instance in music. In the original score, Respighi calls for a specific gramophone record to be played–
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of each movement goes back in time, from children playing in the contemporary city to the era of the catacombs from the early
Christian period, before it concludes at the time of the
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advances along the road in the brilliance of the newly-rising sun. Respighi wanted the ground to tremble under the footsteps of his army and he instructs the organ to play bottom B
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Respighi recalls the past glories of the Roman Empire in a representation of dawn on the great military road leading into Rome. The final movement portrays pine trees along the
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304:. The piece also represents progressing through time, beginning with children playing and ending with grown men in uniform. All the while, the Janiculum hill is dedicated to
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record player. There are incorrect claims that
Respighi recorded the nightingale himself, or that the nightingale was recorded in the yard of the McKim Building of the
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in the summer of 1924, after he had "conceived, started and restarted" work on the piece in the course of several years. Having relocated from his hometown of
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The end of the third movement features this recording of the song of a nightingale which
Respighi incorporated into the score.
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and a full moon shining on the pines that grow on it. Respighi called for the clarinet solo at the beginning to be played
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In the second movement, the children suddenly disappear and shadows of pine trees that overhang the entrance of a
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The piece consists of four movements, for which
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The opening of the work was used at the beginning of the 1983 song "City of Love" released on the album
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premiered
December 14, 1924 at the Teatro Augusteo in Rome, a venue built above the mausoleum of
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dominate. It is a majestic dirge, conjuring up the picture of a solitary chapel in the deserted
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The Creepy World of Bruce Conner-by J. Hoberman-NYR Daily-The New York Review of Books
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Respighi: Pines of Rome & Fountains of Rome and
Debussy: La mer|Presto Classical
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Respighi: Pines of Rome; Fountains of Rome; Debussy: La Mer - Fritz Reiner|AllMusic
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Fragments of the second and fourth movements were used in the soundtrack of
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in four movements for orchestra completed in 1924 by the Italian composer
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The first movement portrays children playing by the pine trees in the
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276:("The Pines of the Appian Way") – Tempo di marcia
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Masterworks of the Orchestral Repertoire: A Guide for Listeners
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Music and Musical Composition at the American Academy in Rome
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SHINE A LIGHT: THE ART OF BRUCE CONNER-Artfourm International
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on 78 rpm discs. Toscanini recorded the music with the
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on the 8′, 16′ and 32′ organ pedals. The score calls for six
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An edited version was used to accompany flying, frolicking
345:, a villa located within the grounds, is a monument to the
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631:(two sopranos, two tenors, two basses; usually played on
195:(1928). Each movement depicts a setting in the city with
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337:, dancing the Italian equivalent of the nursery rhyme "
1160:"What's On / Programme Notes - Pines of Rome (1923–4)"
942:. The whole composition was used as a soundtrack for
868:
recorded the music for EMI, released by in the UK by
268:("The Pines of the Janiculum") – Lento
249:("The Pines of the Villa Borghese") –
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Places in Time: The Pines of Rome-San Diego Symphony
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551:calls for a large orchestra consisting of three
504:: Via Appia) in the misty dawn, as a triumphant
260:("Pines Near a Catacomb") – Lento
179:. It's the second of his three tone poems about
1293:City Of Love by Yes on official YouTube channel
932:Movements I, II and IV were used throughout of
296:(1916), which brought him international fame.
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1377:The Standard Opera and Concert Guide Part Two
1072:"The March of Time: Respighi's Pines of Rome"
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445:that Respighi requested to be played on a
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1447:International Music Score Library Project
1417:Rehding, Alexander; Dolan, Emily (2021).
1040:"Program Notes - Respighi: Pines of Rome"
441:The movement is known for the sound of a
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925:(1947), an avant-garde film directed by
852:and Panizza's recording was released by
329:Pine trees in the Villa Borghese gardens
1002:
848:; Molajoli's recording was released by
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819:'s first concert as conductor of the
7:
2329:Symphonic poems by Ottorino Respighi
1375:Felix; Upton, George Putnam (2005).
2008:Piano Concerto No. 2 (Shostakovich)
900:in 1959–60, also for RCA alongside
884:in 1953. The music was recorded in
463:, also situated on Janiculum hill.
16:Symphonic poem by Ottorino Respighi
1276:"Clase maxistral de Morgan Fisher"
1042:. San Francisco Symphony. May 2018
794:Problems playing these files? See
219:in Rome on 14 December 1924, with
14:
1356:. University of Minnesota Press.
1070:Dotsey, Calvin (7 January 2020).
227:, and the piece was published by
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1280:(S8) Mostra de Cinema Periférico
779:
761:
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609:, an offstage trumpet in C, two
534:
467:
395:
387:; and the Sanctus from Mass IX,
358:
1398:Arturo Toscanini: The NBC Years
215:. The premiere was held at the
844:both made recordings with the
1:
2344:Music for orchestra and organ
2027:Pomp and Circumstance Marches
1419:The Oxford Handbook of Timbre
639:); a percussion section with
1925:Toccata and Fugue in D minor
1348:Ferguson, Donald N. (1968).
866:Paris Conservatory Orchestra
199:, specifically those in the
2014:The Carnival of the Animals
1860:(1982 digital re-recording)
1538:La bella dormente nel bosco
1421:. Oxford University Press.
1394:Frank, Mortimer H. (2002).
810:, the first Roman emperor.
775:The Pines of the Appian Way
721:Pines of the Villa Borghese
703:Performances and recordings
369:"Pini presso una catacomba"
257:"Pini presso una catacomba"
2370:
1989:Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)
1951:Symphony No. 6 (Beethoven)
1895:Chicago Symphony Orchestra
1641:Violin Concerto in A major
1630:Concerto in modo misolidio
1315:Fantasia/2000 (film) - D23
1189:Borowski and Upton, p. 391
894:Chicago Symphony Orchestra
757:The Pines of the Janiculum
319:"I pini di Villa Borghese"
246:"I pini di Villa Borghese"
107:14 December 1924
2296:
2253:The Sorcerer's Apprentice
2021:The Sorcerer's Apprentice
1938:The Sorcerer's Apprentice
1811:
1753:
1636:Piano Concerto in A minor
1504:
914:Use in film and elsewhere
739:The Pines Near a Catacomb
34:
1744:Sei pezzi per pianoforte
1727:Violin Sonata in B minor
1462:San Diego Symphony Notes
1379:. Kessinger Publishing.
1333:. Boydell & Brewer.
1135:Rehding & Dolan 2021
1120:Rehding & Dolan 2021
1108:Rehding & Dolan 2021
1027:Rehding & Dolan 2021
846:Milan Symphony Orchestra
478:"I pini della via Appia"
461:American Academy in Rome
452:"Il canto dell'Usignolo"
273:"I pini della via Appia"
2099:Fantasia: Music Evolved
1658:Ancient Airs and Dances
1457:Arkansas Symphony Notes
488:Pines on the Appian Way
438:("As if in a dream").
1964:Night on Bald Mountain
1885:Philadelphia Orchestra
1329:Brody, Martin (2014).
919:The piece was used in
878:NBC Symphony Orchestra
825:Philadelphia Orchestra
714:
489:
477:
451:
434:
421:
406:"I pini del Gianicolo"
405:
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335:Villa Borghese gardens
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265:"I pini del Gianicolo"
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201:Villa Borghese gardens
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2213:Mickey's PhilharMagic
2083:Sorcerer's Apprentice
1605:La Boutique fantasque
821:New York Philharmonic
713:
655:, two small cymbals,
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419:
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189:(1916) and preceding
2246:The Little Matchgirl
2140:Disney Magical World
1931:The Nutcracker Suite
1514:List of compositions
339:Ring a Ring o' Roses
2349:Concert band pieces
2124:Dream Drop Distance
1623:Concerto gregoriano
1545:La campana sommersa
812:Bernardino Molinari
457:Brunswick Panatrope
281:Respighi completed
221:Bernardino Molinari
137:Bernardino Molinari
2261:Once Upon a Studio
2183:Allegro Non Troppo
2033:The Firebird Suite
1957:Dance of the Hours
1945:The Rite of Spring
1074:. Houston Symphony
986:The Tragedy of Man
886:stereophonic sound
870:His Master's Voice
715:
599:in F and E, three
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225:Augusteo Orchestra
146:Augusteo Orchestra
86:Approx. 21 minutes
2339:1924 compositions
2334:Orchestral suites
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1848:Leopold Stokowski
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1682:Fountains of Rome
1498:Ottorino Respighi
1428:978-0-190-63722-4
1409:978-1-57467-069-1
1402:. Amadeus Press.
1386:978-1-41918-139-9
1363:978-0-816-65762-9
1340:978-1-580-46245-7
991:Marcell Jankovics
959:by the rock band
872:and in the US by
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251:Allegretto vivace
177:Ottorino Respighi
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41:Ottorino Respighi
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2354:Music about Rome
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2268:Once Upon a Time
2169:A Corny Concerto
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2002:Rhapsody in Blue
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1137:, p. 443.
1124:
1122:, p. 450.
1112:
1110:, p. 454.
1100:
1098:, p. 459.
1085:
1053:
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1014:
1012:, p. 458.
1001:
999:
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981:
964:
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930:
915:
912:
902:Claude Debussy
898:Orchestra Hall
842:Ettore Panizza
791:
778:
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760:
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742:
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736:
724:
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569:clarinets in B
544:
541:
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481:
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430:Janiculum hill
409:
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385:Clemens Rector
377:Roman catacomb
372:
365:
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343:Villa Borghese
322:
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302:Roman Republic
283:I Pini di Roma
278:
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52:I Pini di Roma
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2018:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2009:
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1999:
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1995:Pines of Rome
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1981:Fantasia 2000
1978:
1972:
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1899:Fantasia 2000
1896:
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1876:
1869:
1868:Fantasia 2000
1865:
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1849:
1846:
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1843:
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1824:Fantasia 2000
1821:
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1689:Pines of Rome
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1452:Program notes
1450:
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1174:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1149:, p. 17.
1148:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1096:Ferguson 1968
1092:
1090:
1086:
1073:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:Ferguson 1968
1006:
1003:
997:
992:
988:
987:
982:
979:
978:
977:Fantasia 2000
973:
969:
965:
962:
958:
957:
952:
949:
948:Another Movie
945:
944:Morgan Fisher
941:
937:
936:
931:
928:
927:Kenneth Anger
924:
923:
918:
917:
913:
911:
909:
908:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
882:Carnegie Hall
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
862:Piero Coppola
859:
858:Decca Records
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
832:
831:Pines of Rome
828:
826:
822:
818:
813:
809:
805:
804:Pines of Rome
799:
797:
776:
758:
740:
722:
702:
700:
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694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
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666:
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650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
624:
620:
616:
615:bass trombone
612:
602:
598:
594:
593:contrabassoon
590:
580:
579:bass clarinet
576:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
549:Pines of Rome
547:The score of
542:
537:
533:
532:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
507:
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495:
486:
479:
475:
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154:Pines of Rome
145:
141:
138:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121:
117:
106:
102:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
70:
66:
63:
60:
56:
53:
50:
46:
42:
37:
33:
30:
29:Pines of Rome
26:
22:
19:
2300:
2288:Deems Taylor
2280:
2266:
2259:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2211:
2199:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2122:
2115:
2097:
2089:
2081:
2056:Mickey Mouse
2031:
2019:
2012:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1980:
1968:
1962:
1955:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1916:
1898:
1888:
1867:
1864:James Levine
1858:Irwin Kostal
1851:
1822:
1815:
1802:
1755:
1742:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1680:
1656:
1628:
1621:
1603:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1443:Pini di Roma
1418:
1397:
1376:
1351:
1330:
1323:Bibliography
1310:
1299:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1259:
1248:
1237:
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1205:
1194:
1185:
1180:Frank, p. 75
1176:
1166:November 25,
1164:. Retrieved
1154:
1142:
1115:
1103:
1076:. Retrieved
1044:. Retrieved
1034:
1005:
984:
975:
954:
947:
940:Bruce Conner
933:
920:
905:
890:Fritz Reiner
836:
830:
829:
803:
802:
673:glockenspiel
548:
546:
491:
440:
423:
388:
384:
374:
332:
298:
291:
282:
280:
238:
229:Casa Ricordi
192:Feste Romane
190:
184:
183:, following
164:Pini di Roma
163:
153:
152:
151:
51:
28:
25:Pini di Roma
24:
18:
2133:Epic Mickey
2075:Video games
2061:Donald Duck
1615:Concertante
1046:10 November
860:. In 1935,
633:flugelhorns
587:and A, two
565:cor anglais
520:flugelhorns
443:nightingale
428:set on the
48:Native name
2323:Categories
2282:Ten Pieces
2239:One by One
2219:Fantasound
2201:Fantasmic!
2066:Daisy Duck
2048:Characters
1878:Orchestras
1841:Conductors
1830:soundtrack
1703:Rossiniana
1650:Orchestral
1371:Borowski,
1211:"0x61.com"
1147:Brody 2014
998:References
938:(1958) by
874:RCA Victor
796:media help
693:gramophone
669:tambourine
649:snare drum
494:Appian Way
447:phonograph
389:Cum jubilo
213:Appian Way
197:pine trees
171:141, is a
143:Performers
111:1924-12-14
1970:Ave Maria
1710:The Birds
1552:La fiamma
922:Fireworks
645:bass drum
312:Movements
231:in 1925.
207:, on the
203:, near a
173:tone poem
133:Conductor
91:Movements
58:Catalogue
36:Tone poem
2307:Category
2274:season 4
2176:Gumbasia
2161:Parodies
2091:Fantasia
1917:Fantasia
1909:Segments
1889:Fantasia
1852:Fantasia
1817:Fantasia
1804:Fantasia
1762:Category
1587:Semirâma
1559:Lucrezia
1531:Belfagor
1078:19 April
892:and the
864:and the
808:Augustus
661:triangle
637:saxhorns
628:♭
606:♭
601:trumpets
589:bassoons
584:♭
572:♭
511:♭
426:nocturne
381:Campagna
235:Overview
205:catacomb
119:Location
99:Premiere
83:Duration
68:Composed
2232:Lorenzo
2225:Destino
2193:Related
2109:Related
1720:Chamber
1674:Suite 3
1669:Suite 2
1664:Suite 1
1597:Ballets
1580:Re Enzo
970:in the
935:A Movie
697:strings
685:celesta
665:ratchet
657:tam-tam
653:cymbals
641:timpani
623:buccine
595:; four
559:), two
557:piccolo
526:to the
524:triumph
516:buccine
502:Italian
287:Bologna
159:Italian
109: (
73: (
2256:(2010)
2094:(1991)
2086:(1983)
1523:Operas
1425:
1406:
1383:
1360:
1337:
1216:2 June
972:Disney
907:La Mer
695:; and
621:, six
567:, two
553:flutes
506:legion
1736:Piano
974:film
956:90125
854:Odeon
681:piano
677:organ
597:horns
575:and A
561:oboes
498:Latin
306:Janus
127:Italy
62:P 141
1423:ISBN
1404:ISBN
1381:ISBN
1358:ISBN
1335:ISBN
1218:2015
1168:2012
1080:2022
1048:2022
856:and
840:and
689:harp
635:and
625:in B
619:tuba
603:in B
581:in B
500:and
351:Elsa
181:Rome
123:Rome
104:Date
75:1924
71:1924
961:Yes
946:'s
904:'s
896:in
888:by
880:in
167:),
38:by
2325::
1278:.
1127:^
1088:^
1056:^
1017:^
910:.
699:.
691:;
687:;
683:,
679:,
675:;
671:,
667:,
663:,
659:,
651:,
647:,
643:,
617:,
613:,
591:,
577:,
563:,
161::
125:,
1967:/
1901:)
1897:(
1891:)
1887:(
1870:)
1866:(
1854:)
1850:(
1795:e
1788:t
1781:v
1490:e
1483:t
1476:v
1431:.
1412:.
1389:.
1366:.
1343:.
1282:.
1220:.
1170:.
1082:.
1050:.
993:.
963:.
929:.
798:.
496:(
169:P
157:(
113:)
94:4
77:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
