Prince's Palace of Monaco

1464: 22: 1640: 30: 690:. Peace did not reign in Monaco for long; in December 1506 14,000 Genoese troops besieged Monaco and its castle, and for five months 1,500 Monégasques and mercenaries defended the Rocher before achieving victory in March 1507. This left Lucien I to walk a diplomatic tightrope between France and Spain in order to preserve the fragile independence of the tiny state which was in truth subject to Spain. Lucien immediately set about repairing the ravages of war to the fortified palace which had been damaged by heavy bombardment. To the main wing (see 1734: 1627:, Prince Rainier not only restored the palace, but from the 1970s also made it the headquarters of a large and thriving business, which encouraged light industry to Monaco, the aim of which was to lessen Monaco's dependence on the income from gambling. This involved land reclamation, the development of new beaches, and high rise luxury housing. As a result of Monaco's increase in prestige, in 1993 it joined the United Nations, with Rainier's heir Prince Albert as head of the Monaco delegation. 970: 247: 567:, significantly enlarged the fortress by adding two large buildings: one against the eastern ramparts and the second looking out over the sea. This changed the appearance of the fortress, making it appear more of a fortified house than a fortress. The fortifications remained very necessary, for during the next three decades the fortress was alternately lost and regained by the Grimaldi to the Genoese. In 1341 the Grimaldi took 1502:, an American banking heiress who was the widow of a French duke, did much to turn Monte Carlo into a cultural centre, establishing both ballet and the opera in the city. Having brought a large dowry into the family she contemplated turning the casino into a convalescent home for the poor who would benefit from recuperation in warm climes. The couple, however, separated before Alice was able to put her plan into action. 1591: 1254: 1722: 803: 1335: 1187: 393: 1710: 1141:, a wealthy aristocrat from Normandy. Louise-Hippolyte succeeded her father as sovereign of Monaco in 1731 but died just months later. The King of France, confirming Monaco's subservient state to France, ignored the protests of other branches of the Grimaldi family, overthrew the Monégasque constitution, and approved the succession of Jacques de Goyon Matignon as Prince 1087:. However, the cost of upholding his position at the papal court caused him to sell most of his grandfather Honoré II's art collection, denuding the palace he had earlier so spectacularly enhanced. Louis died before securing the Spanish throne for France, an act which would have earned the Grimaldi huge rewards. Instead Europe was immediately plunged into turmoil as the 1297: 173: 633: 900:

the Spanish garrison and expelled the Spanish, declaring "the glorious liberty of Monaco". The liberty mentioned was entirely dependent on France, as Monaco now entered a period as a protectorate of France which would last until 1814. As a result of this action Honoré II is today regarded as the hero of Monaco.

136:

could, and frequently did, build completely new palaces, the most the Grimaldi could achieve when enjoying good fortune, or desirous of change, was to build a new tower or wing, or, as they did more frequently, rebuild an existing part of the palace. Thus, the Prince's Palace reflects the history not

899:

of Paris. Thus, having close affinities with France both culturally and politically, he rebelled against the Spanish presence in Monaco. While he realised that Monaco needed the protection of another power, France was Honoré II's favoured choice. In 1641, heavily supported by the French, he attacked

578:

For the next hundred years the Grimaldi defended their territory from attacks by other states which included Genoa, Pisa, Venice, Naples, France, Spain, Germany, England and Provence. The fortress was frequently bombarded, damaged, and restored. Gradually the Grimaldi began to make an alliance with

123:

The Grimaldis' occupation of their palace is also unusual because, unlike other European ruling families, the absence of alternative palaces and land shortages have resulted in their use of the same residence for more than seven centuries. Thus, their fortunes and politics are directly reflected in

1283:

The fabric of the palace had been completely neglected during the years in which the Grimaldi had been exiled from Monaco. Such was the state of disrepair that part of the east wing had to be demolished along with Honoré II's bathing pavilion, which stood on the site occupied today by the palace's

383:

While the overriding atmosphere of the interior and exterior of the palace is of the 18th century, the palace itself is not. Much of its appearance is a result of a long evolution dating from the 12th century, overshadowed by heavy restoration and refurnishing during the 19th and 20th centuries.

318:

at Versailles. This gallery leads to the first of the state rooms, the Officer's Room, where guests are greeted by court officials before an audience with the prince in the Throne Room. From the Officer's Hall the enfilade continues to the Blue Room. This large drawing room, decorated with blue

119:

palaces, politics and common sense demanded that the palace of the Monegasque rulers be fortified. This unique requirement, at such a late stage in history, has made the palace at Monaco one of the most unusual in Europe. Indeed, when its fortifications were finally relaxed during the late 18th

1673:

For important Monégasque events—such as Grimaldi weddings and births—the palace courtyard is opened and the assembled citizens of Monaco are addressed by the prince from the Gallery of Hercules overlooking the courtyard. The courtyard is also used to host the annual children's Christmas party.

1608:

was responsible for not only turning around the fortune and reputation of Monaco but also for overseeing the restoration of the palace. Upon his accession in 1949 Prince Rainier III immediately began a program of renovation and restoration. Many of the external frescoes on the courtyard were

1788:

states the title was recognized to keep the prince happy, but erroneously cites the date of Spain recognizing the title as 1612. While Honoré II had in fact referred to himself as a prince in documents dating from 1612 and 1619, Spain did not officially acknowledge the title until 1633 (see

575:, thus consolidating their power and strength in the area. Subsequently, they strengthened not only the defences of the harbour but also their fortress on the Rocher. The Grimaldi's stronghold was now a power base from which the family ruled a large but very vulnerable area of land. 313:

and a ceremonial route to the throne room, the processional route begins with an external horseshoe-shaped staircase which leads from the court of honour to the open gallery known as the Gallery of Hercules. From here guests enter the Mirror Gallery, a long hall inspired by the

1148:

Jacques I assumed the name and arms of the Grimaldi, but the French aristocracy showed scant respect towards the new prince who had risen from their ranks and chose to spend his time absent from Monaco. He died in 1751 and was succeeded by his and Louise-Hippolyte's son Prince

1670:). The sovereign princes, although bound by constitution, are involved with the day-to-day running of Monaco as both a country and a business. Today Monaco covers an area of 197 hectares (487 acres) of which 40 hectares (99 acres) have been reclaimed from the sea since 1980. 549:, sought shelter at the castle. On obtaining entry he murdered the guard, whereupon his men appeared and captured the castle. Thus the fortress became the stronghold of the Grimaldi. This event is commemorated by a statue of François Grimaldi in the precincts of the palace ( 1315:. However, by the time of Florestan's accession, Monaco was once again experiencing political tensions caused by financial problems. These resulted from its position as a protectorate of Sardinia, the country to which it had been ceded by France following the end of the 1095: 846: 1216:). However revolution was afoot, and in the late 1780s Honoré III had to make concessions to his people who had caught the revolutionary ideas from their French neighbours. This was only the beginning of the Grimaldi's problems. In 1793 the leaders of the 1630:

Princess Grace predeceased her husband, dying in 1982 as the result of a car accident. When Rainier III died in 2005, he left both his palace and his country stronger and more stable, financially and structurally, than they had been for centuries.

1361:

officially became part of France in 1861, reducing Monaco's size at a stroke by 80%. With time on his hands, Charles III now devoted his time to completing the restoration of his palace begun by his uncle Honoré V. He rebuilt St Mary's Tower

1539:

In 1911 Prince Louis had a law passed legitimising his daughter so that she could inherit the throne, in order to prevent its passing to a distant German branch of the family. The law was challenged and developed into what became known as

530:. Throughout the 13th century these two groups fought. Finally at the end of the century the Ghibellines were victorious and banished their opponents, including the Grimaldi, from Genoa. The Grimaldi settled in the area today known as the 1374:

with murals illustrating various heroic deeds performed by the Grimaldi. The Guard Room, the former great hall of the fortress (now known as the State Hall), was transformed by new Renaissance decorations and the addition of a monumental

615:). This large new wing contained the palace's principal room, the State Hall (today known as the Guard Room). Here the princes carried out their official business and held court. Further, more luxurious, rooms complete with balconies and 1609:

restored, while the southern wing, destroyed following the French revolution, was rebuilt. This is the part of the palace where the ruling family have their private apartments. The wing also houses the Napoleon Museum and the archives.

988:

During the late 17th century and early 18th century, while Monaco was officially an independent state, it was in reality a province of France. Its rulers spent much of their time at the French court, in this way resembling the

358:. Like much of the palace the room contains ornate 18th-century French-style furniture. From the Red Room leads the York Room. Furnished as a state bedchamber, this room is frescoed with illustrations of the four seasons by 1223:

The palace was looted by the prince's subjects, and what remained of the furnishings and art collection was auctioned by the French government. Further changes were heaped on both the country and palace. Monaco was renamed

1797:

also makes a mistake on this matter, stating "Finally in 1480 Lucien Grimaldi persuaded King Charles of France and the Duke of Savoy to recognize the independence of Monaco". This is clearly wrong as in 1480 not only was

582:

Throughout the 15th century, both the fortress and the Rocher continued to be extended and further defended until it became a garrison accommodating some 400 troops. The slow transformation from fortified house to palace

1775:

states that Jean II was assassinated by his brother, while the Monaco Centre de Presse points out in "The History of Monaco to 1949" that many historians feel that the death following a quarrel between the brothers was

1323:. Despite her attempts to rule, her husband's people were once again in revolt. In an attempt to ease the volatile situation Florestan ceded power to his son Charles, but this came too late to appease the Monégasques. 829:, it was connected to man-made caves in the rock itself. Subterranean passages also linked it to the Serravalle Bastion, which was in essence a three-storey gun tower bristling with cannon. Underneath the courtyard a 579:

France which strengthened their position. Now more secure, the Grimaldi lords of Monaco now began to recognise the need not only to defend their territory, but also to have a home reflecting their power and prestige.

2500: 1578:, who became Princess of Monaco. Absent from Monaco during most of the final years of his reign, he and his wife lived on their estate in France. Prince Louis died in 1949 and was succeeded by his grandson, 1276:(1758–1819) whose marriage to Louise d'Aumont Mazarin had done so much to restore the Grimaldi fortunes. Much of this fortune had been depleted by the hardships of the revolution. On 17 June 1814 under the 923:

which formed the basis of the art collection that furnished the palace slowly evolving from the Monaco fortress. Over the following 30-year period he transformed it into a palace suitable for a prince (

309:

during the 18th century. In the 19th century and again during the late 20th century, large-scale restoration of the state rooms consolidated the 18th-century style which prevails today. Designed as an

934:

not only to enlarge the palace, but also to soften its grim fortified appearance. The main façade facing the square, the "front" of the palace, was given decorative embellishments. The upper loggias (

1137:) to wed a Grimaldi cousin. However, the state of the Grimaldi fortunes, and the lack of (the politically necessary) approval from King Louis XIV, dictated otherwise. Louise-Hippolyte was married to 1815:

Archbishop Honoré-François Grimaldi, brother of Prince Louis I, was as a celibate priest not considered as a sovereign. His death in 1748 brought to a close the Monaco branch of the Grimaldi family.

1133:

was unhappy and yielded only two daughters. Monaco's constitution confined the throne to members of the Grimaldi family alone, and Antoine was thus keen for his daughter Princess Louise-Hippolyte (

1544:. Finally in 1919 the prince formally adopted his illegitimate daughter Charlotte, who became known as Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois. Louis II's collection of artefacts belonging to 1616:

depicting mythological and legendary heroes. In addition many of the rooms were refurnished and redecorated. Many of the marble floors have been restored in the staterooms and decorated with

1028:)—and more memorable still, a double horseshoe staircase modelled on that at Fontainebleau. The thirty steps which compose the staircase are said to have been sculpted from a single block of 1524:

de Tolna, in Germany, and did not know Monaco at all until he was 11. He had a distant relationship with his father and served in the French Army. While posted abroad, he met his mistress

1311:

Honoré IV died shortly after his throne was restored to him, and structural restoration of the palace began under Honoré V and was continued after his death in 1841 by his brother Prince

817:. In spite of the Spanish protection, the risk of attack from France was high and defence remained Honoré's main priority. With this in mind he added two new features: All Saints Tower ( 856:

shows the palace in 1762, viewed from a similar angle to the drawing above. The alterations made by Honoré II are clearly visible, as is the horseshoe staircase of Prince Louis I. The

510:, and such was their wealth that they frequently fulfilled a role as bankers to the other nation states. However, the Genoese became divided following the rift caused when the Emperor 837:. Monaco was to remain politically vulnerable for another century and little building work took place from 1581 until 1604, during the reigns of Prince Charles II and Prince Hercule. 96:, during its long and often dramatic history it has been bombarded and besieged by many foreign powers. Since the end of the 13th century, it has been the stronghold and home of the 1016:, Louis I used Fontainebleau as the inspiration for enhancements to his palace at Monaco. Thus he was responsible for two of the palace's most notable features: the entrance—a huge 772:

provide corridors to the state rooms in the south wing (today known as the State Rooms Wings). On the other side of the courtyard a new wing was constructed and the Genoese artist

207:

ground floor. This Renaissance architecture seems to mask earlier fortifications, the towers of which rise behind the differing classical façades. These towers—many complete with

2476: 2226:

Revelation of High Life Within Royal Palaces. The Private Life of Emperors, Kings, Queens, Princes and Princesses. Written From a Personal Knowledge of Scenes Behind the Thrones

1417:

Charles III was also responsible for another palace in Monte Carlo, one which would fund his restorations, and turn around his country's faltering economy. This new palace was

2562: 2504: 1205:. He was happy to leave Monaco to be governed by others, most notably a former tutor. It was on one of Honoré III's rare visits to the palace in 1767 that illness forced 1521: 1452:, causing the small country to be derided by many including Queen Victoria. In fact so decadent was Monaco considered that from 1882, when she first began visiting the 1382:

Charles III also made serious attempts to find the various works of art and furniture looted, sold and dispersed during the revolution. Together with new purchases, a

1160:

in 1757 and later divorced her. Before his marriage, Honoré III had been conducting an affair with his future mother-in-law. After her divorce Marie Brignole married

350:

Other rooms in the state suite include the Red Room — so called because its walls are covered in red brocade — a large drawing room containing paintings by

1440:

By the time of Charles III's death in 1889, Monaco and Monte Carlo were synonymous as one and the same place, and had acquired, through gambling, a reputation as a

1490:, and his German wife, a princess of Baden. The couple had one son, Louis, before their marriage was annulled in 1880. Albert was a keen scientist and founded the 733:. This provided the security to allow the Lord of Monaco to concentrate on the more comfortable side of his residence rather than the constant need to defend it. 2523: 179:: The Prince's Palace in 1890 shows clearly a blend of classical facades and medieval fortifications. Due to the modern development of Monte Carlo and growth of 1161: 1047:

A prince noted for the permissiveness of his private life, Louis I's prodigality was notorious. While visiting England in 1677 he incurred the ire of King

884:

for the first time. However, as Spanish troops were currently in occupation, this recognition was seen as little more than a gesture to keep Honoré happy.

1529: 1470:: The Grimaldi's casino created the family's wealth but by the 1880s, Monaco had acquired a reputation as a decadent playground. The contemporary writer 1236:. In Paris, the prince's daughter-in-law Francoise-Thérèse de Choiseul-Stainville (1766–1794) was executed, one of the last to be guillotined during the 1366:) and completely restored the chapel, adding a new altar, and having its vaulted ceiling painted with frescoes, while outside the façade was painted by 1209:, to land at Monaco. The sick duke was allocated the state bedchamber where he promptly died. Since that date the room has been known as the York Room. 1651:. The state rooms are open to the public during the summer, and since 1960, the palace's courtyard has been the setting for open-air concerts given by 1193:: By the end of the 18th century the palace was once again a "splendid place". Honoré II's front created a palace effect by masking the Genoan towers. 1463: 1487: 1000:

Honoré II was succeeded by his grandson, Prince Louis I. The new prince had an urbane personality and spent much time with his wife at the French

1674:

Through such events, the palace continues to play a central role in the lives of the prince and his subjects, as it has done for over 700 years.

591:, Lord of Monaco (who between 1458 and 1494 was "a noteworthy ruler who handled diplomacy and the sword with equal talent"), and then by his son 2587: 1206: 2305: 2286: 2242: 2214: 120:

century, it was seized by the French and stripped of its treasures, and fell into decline, while the Grimaldi were exiled for over 20 years.

1102: 595:. This period saw the extension of the east side of the fortress with a three–floored wing, guarded by high scalloped walls connecting the 535: 1478:

The successive rulers of Monaco tended to live elsewhere and visit their palace only occasionally. Charles III was succeeded in 1889 by

564: 443:

came to trade silk, oil, and spices with the natives. It was the Phoenicians who introduced to this area of the Mediterranean their god

2484: 1652: 2385: 2265: 2195: 1175:. This marriage in 1776 was extremely advantageous to the Grimaldi, as Louise's ancestress Hortense Mancini had been the heiress of 191:. Thus to evaluate the architecture, wings and blocks have to be observed separately. The principal façade appears as a terrace of 1220:

annexed Monaco. The prince was imprisoned in France and his property and estates, including the palace, were forfeited to France.

427:

Monaco's history predates the Roman occupation of AD 122. Its large natural harbour ensured a steady stream of visitors from

2418: 1541: 1212:

Despite its lack of continuous occupancy, by the final quarter of the 18th century the palace was once again a "splendid place" (

813:

Architecturally this was an exciting period, but Honoré I was unable to remodel the fortress in the grand style of a Renaissance

511: 1320: 1157: 1150: 21: 833:

was installed, providing sufficient water for 1000 troops for a 20-month siege, with a huge vaulted ceiling supported by nine

2434: 2348: 1483: 1612:

The frescoes decorating the open arcade known as the Gallery of Hercules were altered by Rainier III, who imported works by

1273: 1172: 2373: 2324: 1639: 1444:

and decadent playground of the rich. It attracted everyone from Russian grand dukes and railway magnates, often with their

1113:

succeeded Louis I and inherited an almost bankrupt Monaco, though he did further embellish the Royal Room. On its ceiling,

954:. This new work helped conceal the forbidding Serravalle Bastion from the courtyard, to create the lighter atmosphere of a 1605: 1579: 1556: 1346: 1088: 1084: 784: 730: 224: 327:. The following room, the largest of the state apartments, is the Throne Room. Its ceiling and frescoes were executed by 2454: 1422: 1229: 723: 500: 476: 203:) which—even though they form only one palace—is exactly what they are. These wings are however united by their common 1648: 1613: 1495: 1418: 1264:), rebuilt by Charles III to resemble a medieval fortress. To the right is Albert I's clock tower in white stone from 1142: 1138: 369:

The most remarkable room in the suite is the Mazarin Room. This drawing room is lined with Italian gilded and painted

161: 140:

During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the palace and its owners became symbols of the slightly risqué glamour and

1331:

broke away from Monaco, leaving the Grimaldi's already small country hugely diminished—little more than Monte Carlo.

1013: 239:

serve as both a ceremonial balcony for the prince's appearances and a state entrance and corridor linking the formal

2276: 553:) and in the arms of the House of Grimaldi where François is depicted wielding a sword while in the garb of a monk ( 403:

overlooks both the port and the Mediterranean. The Prince's Palace is on the Rocher in the foreground. The imposing

2577: 2572: 1700: 1517: 1479: 1345:

Florestan died in 1856 and his son, Charles, who had already been ruling what remained of Monaco, succeeded him as

1180: 1168: 809:: Prince Honoré II became the first Prince of Monaco in 1633. He did much to create the palace as it appears today. 488: 408: 204: 29: 825:). All Saints Tower was semi-circular and guarded the end of the rock promontory. Complete with gun platforms and 1662:

and museum: it remains a fully working palace and headquarters of the Monégasque ruler, a fact emphasised by the

560: 726:

at the beginning of Honoré's rule clarified Monaco's position as a protectorate of Spain, and thus later of the

2567: 1688: 1285: 112: 1532:, born in Algeria in 1898. As Prince of Monaco, Louis II spent much time elsewhere, preferring to live at the 1386:

collection once again adorned the palace which included not only family portraits such as that of Lucien I by

526:

who were loyal to the imperial crown. Siding with the Guelphs were one of the patrician families of Genoa—the

108:

princes, but their power was often derived from fragile agreements with their larger and stronger neighbours.

1574:

By 1946 he was spending most of his time in Paris, and on 27 July of that year, he married a French actress,

1432:). The first Monaco casino had opened the previous decade. Through the casino Monaco became self-supporting. 939: 683: 619:

were designed for the private use of the Grimaldi family. In 1505 Jean II was killed by his brother Lucien.

592: 310: 2172: 455:, which has evolved to the present name of Monaco. The seat of the Prince of Monaco was established on the 1683: 1567: 1560: 1533: 1510: 1391: 1277: 687: 351: 752:. The arcades, fronting the earlier wing by Lucien I, each have twelve arches, decorated by white marble 2582: 1525: 1506: 1399: 1358: 1328: 1048: 938:) to the right of the entrance were glazed. Inside the palace the State Rooms Wing was restyled and the 741: 572: 236: 1240:. Honoré III died in 1795 in Paris, where he had spent most of his life, without regaining his throne. 1118: 1105:

of Monaco. The palace she barely knew is clearly visible in the background of this painting dated 1712.

74: 1572:

the 75-year-old Prince Louis did little for his principality and it began to fall into severe neglect.

1319:. Florestan, an eccentric (he had been a professional actor), left the running of Monaco to his wife, 380:, who was related by marriage to the Grimaldi. Cardinal Mazarin's portrait hangs above the fireplace. 1491: 1367: 1179:. Thus Monaco's ruling family acquired all the estates bequeathed by Cardinal Mazarin, including the 994: 903:

Highly educated and a patron of the arts, Honoré II, secure on his throne, began collecting works by

737: 542: 315: 306: 116: 42: 1064: 1037: 977: 931: 853: 1714: 1575: 1551:

During World War II, Louis attempted to keep Monaco neutral, although his sympathies were with the

1471: 1457: 1167:

The Grimaldi fortunes were restored when descendants of both Hortense Mancini and Louis I married:

1114: 1110: 951: 761: 359: 332: 137:

only of Monaco, but of the family which in 1997 celebrated 700 years of rule from the same palace.

1838: 1799: 1659: 1387: 1198: 877: 727: 363: 86: 82: 969: 702:), built by Prince Lambert and extended during the reign of Jean II, he now added a large wing ( 305:. These were laid out from the 16th century onwards, and were enhanced in the style of those at 1456:, Queen Victoria refused to make a courtesy social call at the palace. The contemporary writer 2301: 2282: 2261: 2238: 2210: 2191: 1803: 1693: 1304: 1217: 1130: 1005: 990: 916: 908: 896: 776:

was charged with painting its external walls with frescoes. It is thought that the galleries (

765: 588: 527: 472: 328: 215:—were actually mostly rebuilt during the 19th century. At the rear of the palace the original 187:

The palace is a blend of architectural styles; its ancient origins are indicated by a lack of

141: 133: 97: 90: 2410: 1341:: Prince Charles III completed the restoration of the palace following the French Revolution. 1445: 1395: 1376: 1202: 1176: 1094: 1072: 1060: 1056: 1052: 796: 515: 377: 302: 129: 125: 246: 2393: 1316: 1237: 1059:. The English and Prince Louis later became political enemies when Louis took part in the 1009: 355: 66: 506:

Genoa was important in the politics of 12th-century Europe. The Genoese were a nation of

538:, and testify to the strong presence of various branches of the family in the vicinity. 1548:

form the foundation of the Napoleon Museum at the palace, which is open to the public.

1453: 1253: 1029: 1008:

of France. Impressed by the palaces of the French king, who had employed the architect

1004:, where he enjoyed the unusual distinction of being both a foreign head of state and a 531: 496: 456: 400: 344: 149: 2556: 1738: 1726: 864:

Monaco's vulnerability was further brought home in 1605 when the Spanish installed a

773: 432: 212: 1590: 760:(gallery of Hercules) because their ceilings were painted with scenes depicting the 160:

of the palace in 1956. In the 21st century, the palace remains the residence of the

2254: 2184: 1552: 920: 881: 845: 802: 753: 336: 324: 208: 34: 2438: 2356: 869: 157: 1559:, his daughter's son, and the heir to Louis's throne, who strongly supported the 787:

in 1529, when he stayed four nights at the palace during his journey in state to

2377: 2332: 1624: 1499: 1001: 955: 888: 719: 523: 468: 440: 192: 153: 145: 1334: 392: 1545: 1449: 1296: 1033: 792: 475:. The harbour and its immediate area were given to the Genoese by the Emperor 370: 320: 240: 2538: 2525: 563:, who ruled from 1331 to 1357, and was the son of François Grimaldi's cousin 2459: 1850:

Princess Charlotte ceded her succession rights to her son, Rainier, in 1944.

1312: 1265: 1233: 1186: 1076: 507: 404: 373: 105: 38: 347:. All state ceremonies have been held in this room since the 16th century. 1536:, the family's French estates, about a hundred miles northeast of Paris. 1617: 1383: 1371: 1080: 1068: 1021: 865: 639:: The palace in the 17th century. North is to the right of the picture. 464: 340: 216: 188: 93: 50: 1709: 1441: 632: 172: 1834: 1663: 1598: 1126: 1017: 981: 958: 912: 830: 788: 722:

the internal transformation from fortress to palace was continued. The

596: 519: 444: 407:

building in the far background is the Oceanographic Museum, founded by

196: 152:. Glamour and theatricality became reality when the American film star 1509:. The prince pronounced an end to absolute monarchy by promulgating a 1288:, which closed in 2014, and the building housing the palace archives. 1460:

described the habituées of Monaco as "the moral cesspool of Europe."

1425: 1411: 1354: 1324: 993:

so prevalent at the time amongst the French aristocracy. The lure of

943: 904: 857: 834: 826: 814: 780:) to the north wing overlooking the harbour were built at this time. 769: 616: 568: 484: 480: 428: 232: 228: 111:

Thus while other European sovereigns were building luxurious, modern

101: 46: 2298:

L'Età Barocca dei Grimaldi di Monaco nel loro Marchesato di Campagna

1520:. Louis II had been brought up by his mother and stepfather, Prince 362:. The following room, known as the Yellow Room (or sometimes as the 100:

who first captured it in 1297. The Grimaldi ruled the area first as

1620:

designs which include the double R monogram of Prince Rainier III.

1638: 1589: 1462: 1333: 1295: 1252: 1185: 1122: 1093: 968: 892: 844: 801: 631: 492: 436: 391: 245: 180: 171: 1647:

Today the palace is home to Prince Rainier's son and successor,

1303:: Prince Honoré V began restoration of the palace following the 1041: 783:

Further enlargements were carried out in order to entertain the

546: 223:). A greater architectural harmony has been achieved within the 54: 1036:

of the new entrance and the horseshoe stairs were designed by

2417:. §French Protectorate (1641-93) and Annexation (1793-1814). 756:

on the upper level. Today the upper arcades are known as the

479:

with the proviso that the Genoese protect the coastline from

860:

surmounting the new chapel is at the rear of the courtyard.

1232:

of France while the palace became a military hospital and

651:: State apartments, double loggia, and horse-shoe stairs; 265:: State apartments, double loggia, and horse-shoe stairs; 2260:. London: Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd. pp. 203–211. 2235:

The ruling house of Monaco: the story of a tragic dynasty

1655:(formerly known as the Orchestra of the National Opera). 1474:

described its habitués as "The moral cesspool of Europe."

451:. It was after this god that the Romans renamed the area 1280:, the Principality of Monaco was restored to Honoré IV. 491:. In 1215 work began on a new fortress, comprising four 319:

brocade, is hung with Grimaldi family portraits and has

2190:. London: Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd. pp. 67–77. 942:

of state apartments created. A new chapel adorned by a

483:. Further territory was ceded to the new owners by the 1164:, a member of the fallen French royal house, in 1798. 876:), was officially addressed as "Serene Prince" by the 768:

during the later reign of Honoré II. These arcades or

183:

this uncluttered view of the palace is obscured today.

1698: 1601:

and cannons guard the entrance to the restored palace

1129:

illustrating the four seasons. Antoine's marriage to

16:

Official residence of the Sovereign Prince of Monaco

2325:"Historical Overview: A Shelter for the Grimaldis" 2253: 2183: 2043: 2041: 1887:"The Prince's Palace of Monaco". Palais Princier. 534:. Several castles in the area are still known as 467:in 1191 when the harbour, that is today lined by 2355:. Société des Bains de Mer. 2006. Archived from 2006: 2004: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1920: 1918: 984:entrance to the palace was designed for Louis I. 587:) began during this era, first with building by 423:) can be seen at the bottom left of the picture. 1513:with an elected parliament the following year. 199:from differing periods of the Renaissance era ( 2018: 2016: 1171:married Honoré III's son and heir, the future 343:surmounted by a gilt crown. The floors are of 339:, is positioned on a dais, beneath a red silk 965:Absentee landlords and revolution (1662–1815) 895:, he had been cultivated by the intellectual 503:. This forms the core of the present palace. 8: 1197:Honoré III was a soldier who fought at both 997:was greater than that of their own country. 227:around which the palace is built, where two 2503:. Palais Princier de Monaco. Archived from 1802:the King of France but Monaco was ruled by 1758:The probability of this legend, related in 1505:In 1910, the palace was stormed during the 1494:in 1906; as a pacifist he then founded the 1183:, and the Principality of Château-Porcien. 1075:. These acts earned Louis the gratitude of 710:) which today houses the state apartments. 301:The most notable of the many rooms are the 2563:Buildings and structures completed in 1191 2483:. Ministère d'Etat, Monaco. Archived from 2331:. Grimaldi.org (1999–2006). Archived from 1566:Following the liberation of Monaco by the 1012:to carry out alterations to the palace at 411:in 1906. The remains of All Saints Tower ( 297:: Administrative and domestic offices etc. 2082: 2080: 736:The courtyard was rebuilt, the architect 124:the evolution of the palace. Whereas the 2256:Great Palaces (The Royal Palace, Monaco) 1762:, is disputed by some modern historians. 1666:on constant guard duty at the entrance ( 1516:Albert was succeeded in 1922 by his son 1162:Louis Joseph de Bourbon, prince de Condé 219:fortifications seem untouched by time. ( 28: 20: 1862: 1751: 1705: 1658:However, the palace is far more than a 1555:. This caused a rift with his grandson 366:Bedchamber), is another state bedroom. 2437:. GALE FORCE of Monaco. Archived from 2376:. GALE FORCE of Monaco. Archived from 2228:. Philadelphia: Hubbard Publishing Co. 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 2209:. New York: William Morrow & Co. 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1824:Sometimes known as Catherine Brignole 7: 1272:Honoré III was succeeded by his son 541:Legend relates that in January 1297 104:lords, and from the 17th century as 1841:. "The History of Monaco to 1949". 1653:Monte-Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra 376:by craftsmen brought to France by 14: 2409:Velde, François (22 March 2006). 1623:Together with his wife, the late 1498:in Monaco. Albert's second wife, 1402:'s portrait of Louise-Hyppolyte ( 1063:against England, leading his own 518:. Two distinct camps formed: the 2421:from the original on 2 July 2007 2392:. Worldroots.com. Archived from 2065:Edwards, pp. 155–157. 1732: 1720: 1708: 1496:International Institute of Peace 1406:) but also such masterpieces as 1051:by showering expensive gifts on 2501:"The Prince's Palace of Monaco" 2455:"Obituary of Prince Ranier III" 2374:"The History of Monaco to 1949" 2275:Taraborrelli, J. Randy (2003). 1321:Maria Caroline Gibert de Lametz 1079:who made him ambassador to the 880:, thus recognizing Monaco as a 522:who supported the pope and the 447:, later known by the Romans as 2224:de Fontenoy, Marquise (1892). 2182:de Chimay, Jacqueline (1969). 1635:The palace in the 21st century 1484:Mary Victoria Douglas-Hamilton 930:He commissioned the architect 821:) and the Serravalle Bastion ( 1: 2588:1191 establishments in Europe 2281:. New York: Rose Books, Inc. 2186:Great Palaces (Fontainebleau) 2171:Baring-Gould, Sabine (1905). 1760:The Prince's Palace of Monaco 1528:, by whom he had a daughter, 1089:War of the Spanish Succession 891:. Following his education in 686:was succeeded by his brother 37:of the Prince of Monaco. The 2300:. Napoli: Giannini editore. 2031:"Marie Catherine Brignole", 1083:, charged with securing the 744:, stretching between points 331:and depict the surrender of 2252:Lisimachio, Albert (1969). 2177:. London: Methuen & Co. 1795:The Prince's Palace, Monaco 1614:Pier Francesco Mazzucchelli 1486:, a daughter of Scotland's 1394:; the head of Antoine I by 1024:bearing the Grimaldi Arms ( 2604: 2386:"Marie Catherine Brignole" 2113:Taraborrelli, p. 202. 2086:Baring-Gould, p. 244. 1940:"Historical Overview ...". 946:(built on the site marked 144:that were associated with 87:Sovereign Prince of Monaco 78: 2372:Monaco Centre de Presse. 1967:, §French Protectorate... 1530:Charlotte Louise Juliette 1436:Decline of Grimaldi power 1139:Jacques de Goyon Matignon 655:: Future site of chapel; 71:Palais princier de Monaco 63:Prince's Palace of Monaco 25:Prince's Palace of Monaco 2296:Ulino, Maurizio (2008). 2237:. London: Judy Piatkus. 2095:de Fontenoy, p. 87. 2056:Lisimachio, p. 211. 2047:Lisimachio, p. 210. 1954:Lisimachio, p. 204. 1924:Lisimachio, p. 203. 1896:Lisimachio, p. 207. 1689:List of rulers of Monaco 1542:Monaco succession crisis 514:challenged the power of 2539:43.731417°N 7.4202750°E 2207:The Grimaldis of Monaco 2022:"Monaco: 1662 to 1815". 2010:de Chimay, p. 210. 1994:"The Prince's Palace", 1786:The Grimaldis of Monaco 1773:The Grimaldis of Monaco 1553:Vichy French Government 1492:Oceanographic Institute 1169:Louise d'Aumont Mazarin 692:Illustrations 3 & 7 453:Portus Hercules Moneici 49:, in 1297 captured the 2435:"Monaco: 1662 to 1815" 2205:Edwards, Anne (1992). 1976:de Chimay, p. 77. 1684:Architecture of Monaco 1644: 1602: 1482:. Albert married Lady 1475: 1392:Philippe de Champaigne 1342: 1308: 1269: 1194: 1106: 985: 861: 810: 680: 471:, was acquired by the 424: 419:) and the serravalle ( 298: 201:Illustrations 1 and 12 184: 70: 58: 26: 2481:Principauté de Monaco 2477:"The Prince's Palace" 2329:The House of Grimaldi 2074:Edwards, p. 169. 1996:Principauté de Monaco 1793:). The official site 1791:Monaco: Early History 1642: 1593: 1526:Marie Juliette Louvet 1507:Monegasque Revolution 1488:11th duke of Hamilton 1466: 1428:, completed in 1878 ( 1337: 1299: 1256: 1189: 1121:depicted a figure of 1097: 1020:arch surmounted by a 972: 848: 841:Honoré II (1597–1662) 805: 724:Treaty of Tordesillas 635: 395: 335:. The throne, in the 249: 175: 89:. Built in 1191 as a 32: 24: 2544:43.731417; 7.4202750 2380:on 22 February 2007. 2233:Glatt, John (1998). 1249:Regaining the palace 1207:Edward, Duke of York 1040:, an architect from 718:During the reign of 714:Honoré I (1523–1581) 663:: All Saints Tower; 628:Lucien I (1505–1523) 489:Abbaye de Saint Pons 277:: All Saints Tower; 2535: / 2487:on 24 November 2007 2359:on 20 February 2007 2335:on 20 February 2007 2174:Book of the Riviera 2144:Glatt, p. 247. 1869:Glatt, p. 280. 1643:The palace's chapel 1576:Ghislaine Dommanget 1563:against the Nazis. 1534:Château de Marchais 1472:Sabine Baring-Gould 1458:Sabine Baring-Gould 1260:: St Mary's Tower ( 1156:Honoré III married 1115:Gregorio de Ferrari 952:St John the Baptist 950:) was dedicated to 762:Labours of Hercules 360:Gregorio de Ferrari 333:Alexander the Great 293:: St Mary's Tower; 2507:on 2 December 2011 2441:on 9 December 2006 2104:Glatt, p. 55. 1660:tourist attraction 1645: 1606:Prince Rainier III 1603: 1580:Prince Rainier III 1476: 1343: 1309: 1270: 1195: 1158:Catherine Brignole 1107: 1085:Spanish Succession 991:absentee landlords 986: 862: 852::This painting by 811: 728:Holy Roman Emperor 681: 679:: St Mary's Tower. 623:Fortress to palace 425: 299: 185: 164:Prince of Monaco. 83:official residence 79:Palaçi principescu 59: 45:who, according to 27: 2578:House of Grimaldi 2573:Palaces in Monaco 2307:978-88-7431-413-3 2288:978-0-7595-2790-4 2244:978-0-7499-1807-1 2216:978-0-688-08837-8 1804:Lamberto Grimaldi 1694:History of Monaco 1522:Tasziló Festetics 1305:French Revolution 1218:French Revolution 1131:Marie of Lorraine 1119:Alexandre Haffner 785:Emperor Charles V 766:Orazio de Ferrari 758:Galerie d'Hercule 675:: Middle Tower; 589:Lamberto Grimaldi 545:, disguised as a 543:François Grimaldi 485:Council of Peille 473:Republic of Genoa 449:Hercules Monoikos 388:Grimaldi fortress 329:Orazio de Ferrari 289:: Middle Tower; 43:François Grimaldi 2595: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2546: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2531: 2528: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2381: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2311: 2292: 2278:Once Upon a Time 2271: 2259: 2248: 2229: 2220: 2201: 2189: 2178: 2158: 2151: 2145: 2142: 2136: 2129: 2123: 2120: 2114: 2111: 2105: 2102: 2096: 2093: 2087: 2084: 2075: 2072: 2066: 2063: 2057: 2054: 2048: 2045: 2036: 2029: 2023: 2020: 2011: 2008: 1999: 1992: 1977: 1974: 1968: 1961: 1955: 1952: 1941: 1938: 1925: 1922: 1913: 1910: 1897: 1894: 1888: 1885: 1870: 1867: 1851: 1848: 1842: 1831: 1825: 1822: 1816: 1813: 1807: 1783: 1777: 1771:Anne Edwards in 1769: 1763: 1756: 1737: 1736: 1735: 1725: 1724: 1723: 1713: 1712: 1704: 1649:Prince Albert II 1573: 1408:The Music Lesson 1396:Hyacinthe Rigaud 1177:Cardinal Mazarin 1103:Louise-Hippolyte 1067:into battles in 1061:Anglo-Dutch Wars 1053:Hortense Mancini 887:Honoré II was a 797:Pope Clement VII 599:towers—St Mary ( 536:Chateau Grimaldi 516:Pope Innocent IV 457:Rocher de Monaco 401:Rocher de Monaco 378:Cardinal Mazarin 341:canopy of estate 303:state apartments 273::Swimming pool, 2603: 2602: 2598: 2597: 2596: 2594: 2593: 2592: 2568:Baroque palaces 2553: 2552: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2534: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2521: 2519: 2510: 2508: 2499: 2490: 2488: 2475: 2466: 2464: 2453: 2444: 2442: 2433: 2424: 2422: 2408: 2399: 2397: 2384: 2371: 2362: 2360: 2347: 2338: 2336: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2308: 2295: 2289: 2274: 2268: 2251: 2245: 2232: 2223: 2217: 2204: 2198: 2181: 2170: 2166: 2161: 2152: 2148: 2143: 2139: 2131:"Obituary...", 2130: 2126: 2121: 2117: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2099: 2094: 2090: 2085: 2078: 2073: 2069: 2064: 2060: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2039: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2014: 2009: 2002: 1993: 1980: 1975: 1971: 1962: 1958: 1953: 1944: 1939: 1928: 1923: 1916: 1911: 1900: 1895: 1891: 1886: 1873: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1855: 1854: 1849: 1845: 1833:She shared the 1832: 1828: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1810: 1784: 1780: 1770: 1766: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1733: 1731: 1721: 1719: 1707: 1699: 1680: 1668:Illustration 17 1637: 1595:Illustration 17 1588: 1571: 1468:Illustration 16 1438: 1430:Illustration 16 1419:Charles Garnier 1404:Illustration 11 1390:; Honoré II by 1368:Jacob Froëschle 1364:Illustration 14 1351:Illustration 15 1339:Illustration 15 1317:Napoleonic wars 1301:Illustration 13 1294: 1286:Napoleon Museum 1278:Treaty of Paris 1258:Illustration 14 1251: 1246: 1238:Reign of Terror 1214:Illustration 12 1191:Illustration 12 1181:Duchy of Rethel 1135:Illustration 11 1099:Illustration 11 1026:Illustration 10 1022:broken pediment 1010:Jean du Cerceau 974:Illustration 10 967: 868:there. In 1633 843: 738:Dominique Gallo 716: 671:: South Tower; 630: 625: 499:protected by a 409:Prince Albert I 390: 356:Charles Le Brun 316:Hall of Mirrors 285:: South Tower; 243:of the palace. 225:court of honour 170: 168:Princely Palace 98:Grimaldi family 53:disguised as a 17: 12: 11: 5: 2601: 2599: 2591: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2555: 2554: 2518: 2517: 2497: 2473: 2451: 2431: 2406: 2396:on 25 May 2006 2382: 2369: 2345: 2320: 2318: 2317:Online sources 2315: 2313: 2312: 2306: 2293: 2287: 2272: 2266: 2249: 2243: 2230: 2221: 2215: 2202: 2196: 2179: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2159: 2146: 2137: 2124: 2115: 2106: 2097: 2088: 2076: 2067: 2058: 2049: 2037: 2024: 2012: 2000: 1978: 1969: 1956: 1942: 1926: 1914: 1898: 1889: 1871: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1852: 1843: 1826: 1817: 1808: 1778: 1764: 1750: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1741: 1729: 1717: 1697: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1679: 1676: 1636: 1633: 1587: 1584: 1454:French Riviera 1437: 1434: 1293: 1290: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1226:Fort d'Hercule 1125:surrounded by 1111:Prince Antoine 1065:Monaco Cavalry 1038:Antoine Grigho 1030:Carrara marble 978:Antoine Grigho 966: 963: 932:Jacques Catone 925:Illustration 9 874:Illustration 8 854:Joseph Bresson 850:Illustration 9 842: 839: 807:Illustration 8 740:designing two 715: 712: 667:: Serravalle; 637:Illustration 7 629: 626: 624: 621: 605:Illustration 7 585:Illustration 7 555:Illustration 2 551:Illustration 6 532:French Riviera 461:Illustration 5 417:Illustration 6 397:Illustration 5 389: 386: 345:Carrara marble 281:: Serravalle; 251:Illustration 4 221:Illustration 4 213:machicolations 177:Illustration 3 169: 166: 150:French Riviera 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2600: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2558: 2551: 2548: 2530:07°25′12.99″E 2506: 2502: 2498: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2462: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2407: 2395: 2391: 2390:Royalty Pages 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2370: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2321: 2316: 2309: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2290: 2284: 2280: 2279: 2273: 2269: 2267:0-600-01682-X 2263: 2258: 2257: 2250: 2246: 2240: 2236: 2231: 2227: 2222: 2218: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2199: 2197:0-600-01682-X 2193: 2188: 2187: 2180: 2176: 2175: 2169: 2168: 2164:Print sources 2163: 2156: 2150: 2147: 2141: 2138: 2134: 2128: 2125: 2119: 2116: 2110: 2107: 2101: 2098: 2092: 2089: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2071: 2068: 2062: 2059: 2053: 2050: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2033:Royalty Pages 2028: 2025: 2019: 2017: 2013: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1979: 1973: 1970: 1966: 1960: 1957: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1943: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1893: 1890: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1866: 1863: 1857: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1839:André Chénier 1836: 1830: 1827: 1821: 1818: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1779: 1774: 1768: 1765: 1761: 1755: 1752: 1745: 1740: 1730: 1728: 1718: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1702: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1641: 1634: 1632: 1628: 1626: 1621: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1607: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1577: 1569: 1568:Allied forces 1564: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1423:Second Empire 1420: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1378: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1291: 1289: 1287: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1248: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1228:and became a 1227: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1154: 1152: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1073:Franche-Comté 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1055:, the king's 1054: 1050: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1014:Fontainebleau 1011: 1007: 1003: 998: 996: 992: 983: 979: 975: 971: 964: 962: 960: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 928: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 901: 898: 894: 890: 885: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 859: 855: 851: 847: 840: 838: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 808: 804: 800: 798: 794: 790: 786: 781: 779: 775: 774:Luca Cambiasi 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 734: 732: 729: 725: 721: 713: 711: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 627: 622: 620: 618: 614: 611:) and South ( 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 580: 576: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 556: 552: 548: 544: 539: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 504: 502: 498: 495:connected by 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 387: 385: 381: 379: 375: 372: 367: 365: 361: 357: 353: 348: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 317: 312: 308: 304: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 209:crenellations 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 182: 178: 174: 167: 165: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 138: 135: 131: 127: 121: 118: 114: 109: 107: 103: 99: 95: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 36: 31: 23: 19: 2583:Monaco-Ville 2527:43°43′53.1″N 2520: 2509:. Retrieved 2505:the original 2489:. Retrieved 2485:the original 2480: 2465:. Retrieved 2458: 2443:. Retrieved 2439:the original 2423:. Retrieved 2414: 2398:. Retrieved 2394:the original 2389: 2378:the original 2361:. Retrieved 2357:the original 2352: 2337:. Retrieved 2333:the original 2328: 2297: 2277: 2255: 2234: 2225: 2206: 2185: 2173: 2154: 2149: 2140: 2132: 2127: 2118: 2109: 2100: 2091: 2070: 2061: 2052: 2032: 2027: 1995: 1972: 1964: 1959: 1892: 1865: 1846: 1829: 1820: 1811: 1794: 1790: 1785: 1781: 1772: 1767: 1759: 1754: 1715:Architecture 1672: 1667: 1657: 1646: 1629: 1622: 1611: 1604: 1594: 1565: 1550: 1538: 1515: 1511:constitution 1504: 1477: 1467: 1439: 1429: 1416: 1407: 1403: 1381: 1377:chimneypiece 1363: 1350: 1344: 1338: 1310: 1300: 1282: 1271: 1261: 1257: 1244:19th century 1225: 1222: 1213: 1211: 1196: 1190: 1166: 1155: 1147: 1134: 1108: 1098: 1046: 1025: 999: 987: 973: 947: 935: 929: 924: 921:Michelangelo 902: 886: 882:principality 878:Spanish king 873: 863: 849: 822: 818: 812: 806: 782: 777: 757: 754:balustrading 749: 745: 735: 717: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 682: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 643:: Entrance; 640: 636: 612: 608: 604: 600: 584: 581: 577: 559: 554: 550: 540: 512:Frederick II 505: 501:curtain wall 460: 452: 448: 439:. Later the 426: 420: 416: 412: 396: 382: 368: 352:Jan Brueghel 349: 337:Empire style 325:Murano glass 300: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 257:: Entrance; 254: 250: 220: 200: 186: 176: 139: 122: 110: 62: 60: 18: 2542: / 2491:25 February 2400:15 February 2353:Monte Carlo 2155:Monte Carlo 2153:"History", 2122:Lisimachio. 1776:accidental. 1625:Grace Kelly 1586:Rainier III 1500:Alice Heine 1450:adventurers 1347:Charles III 1292:Restoration 1101:: Princess 1032:. Both the 956:Renaissance 889:francophile 607:), Middle ( 524:Ghibellines 469:Monte Carlo 441:Phoenicians 321:chandeliers 241:state rooms 193:Renaissance 156:became the 154:Grace Kelly 146:Monte Carlo 113:Renaissance 2557:Categories 2511:6 February 2445:8 February 2425:9 February 2363:7 February 2339:7 February 1963:"Monaco", 1858:References 1546:Napoleon I 1446:mistresses 1359:Roquebrune 1329:Roquebrune 1151:Honoré III 1049:Charles II 1034:architrave 995:Versailles 793:coronation 573:Roquebrune 371:polychrome 307:Versailles 205:rusticated 158:chatelaine 75:Monégasque 41:represent 39:supporters 2460:The Times 2415:Heraldica 2349:"History" 2133:The Times 1965:Heraldica 1388:de Predis 1313:Florestan 1274:Honoré IV 1266:La Turbie 1234:poorhouse 1173:Honoré IV 1143:Jacques I 1109:In 1701, 1077:Louis XIV 870:Honoré II 731:Charles V 571:and then 565:Rainier I 561:Charles I 508:merchants 405:Palladian 374:boiseries 269::chapel; 142:decadence 134:Habsburgs 106:sovereign 81:) is the 2467:27 April 2463:. London 2419:Archived 2411:"Monaco" 1912:Edwards. 1800:Louis XI 1678:See also 1664:sentries 1618:intarsia 1518:Louis II 1480:Albert I 1384:fine art 1372:Deschler 1199:Fontenoy 1127:lunettes 1081:Holy See 1069:Flanders 1057:mistress 940:enfilade 866:garrison 791:for his 720:Honoré I 688:Lucien I 528:Grimaldi 497:ramparts 487:and the 477:Henry IV 465:fortress 364:Louis XV 311:enfilade 233:frescoed 217:medieval 189:symmetry 148:and the 130:Bourbons 126:Romanovs 94:fortress 51:fortress 1835:tumbrel 1701:Portals 1557:Rainier 1400:van Loo 1284:former 1203:Rocourt 1091:began. 1018:Baroque 982:Baroque 959:palazzo 913:Raphael 835:columns 831:cistern 815:palazzo 789:Bologna 770:loggias 742:arcades 684:Jean II 617:loggias 597:bastion 593:Jean II 520:Guelphs 463:) as a 445:Melkart 237:arcades 197:palazzi 162:current 117:Baroque 91:Genoese 85:of the 2304: 2285: 2264: 2241: 2213: 2194: 1739:Europe 1727:Monaco 1599:Sentry 1561:Allies 1442:louche 1426:casino 1412:Titian 1398:, and 1355:Menton 1325:Menton 1230:canton 944:cupola 917:Rubens 905:Titian 897:salons 858:cupola 827:cannon 569:Menton 493:towers 481:piracy 435:, and 429:Byblos 415:, see 399:: The 195:style 132:, and 102:feudal 67:French 47:legend 1837:with 1746:Notes 1448:, to 1002:court 909:Dürer 893:Milan 437:Sidon 235:open 229:tiers 181:flora 2513:2007 2493:2007 2469:2008 2447:2007 2427:2007 2402:2007 2365:2007 2341:2007 2302:ISBN 2283:ISBN 2262:ISBN 2239:ISBN 2211:ISBN 2192:ISBN 1370:and 1357:and 1327:and 1201:and 1123:Fame 1117:and 1071:and 1042:Como 1006:peer 919:and 748:and 547:monk 433:Tyre 354:and 211:and 115:and 61:The 55:monk 35:arms 33:The 1421:'s 1410:by 1353:). 980:'s 927:). 795:by 764:by 706:to 698:to 603:in 557:). 323:of 253:: 231:of 2559:: 2479:. 2457:. 2413:. 2388:. 2351:. 2327:. 2079:^ 2040:^ 2015:^ 2003:^ 1981:^ 1945:^ 1929:^ 1917:^ 1901:^ 1874:^ 1597:: 1582:. 1570:, 1414:. 1379:. 1153:. 1145:. 1044:. 976:: 961:. 915:, 911:, 907:, 799:. 694:– 659:, 647:, 431:, 261:, 128:, 77:: 73:; 69:: 2515:. 2495:. 2471:. 2449:. 2429:. 2404:. 2367:. 2343:. 2310:. 2291:. 2270:. 2247:. 2219:. 2200:. 2157:. 2135:. 2035:. 1998:. 1806:. 1703:: 1362:( 1349:( 1307:. 1268:. 1262:M 948:D 936:B 872:( 823:G 819:F 778:B 750:C 746:H 708:C 704:H 700:M 696:H 677:M 673:K 669:H 665:G 661:F 657:E 653:D 649:C 645:B 641:A 613:H 609:K 601:M 583:( 459:( 421:G 413:F 295:N 291:M 287:K 283:H 279:G 275:F 271:E 267:D 263:C 259:B 255:A 65:( 57:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index