1683:
1591:, after being harvested. However, at post-harvest, the quality of the fruit is affected by storage factors. Low humidity levels, storage time, and incidences of mechanical damage can severely affect the quality of the fruit which would negatively affect the demand for such. In general, the fruit has a short shelf life in ambient conditions but implementing methods that can extend such is a productional advantage. Certain treatments like irradiation and the use of hot-forced air can help in fruit preservation although the former has seen more success.
52:
38:
1671:
101:
1363:
usually ripe in August and
September. The fragile fruit must ripen on the tree, then they are harvested over a four- to seven-week period. The fresh fruit are easily bruised and have a limited shelf life. An average tree may produce 5,000–6,000 or more fruit (60–70 kg or 130–155 lb per tree). Yields begin at 1.2 tonnes per hectare (0.5 tons/acre) in young orchards and may reach 20 tonnes per hectare (8 tons per acre) on mature trees. In
1695:
1333:
1659:
76:
1647:
600:
1375:. Over 3,000 greenish-white flowers occur in male panicles, each with five to seven anthers and a nonfunctional ovary. Male flowers have yellow nectaries and five to seven stamens. About 500 greenish-yellow flowers occur in each hermaphroditic panicle. Each flower has six anthers, usually a bilobed stigma, and one ovule in each of its two sections (
1346:
1031:
1449:
1470:. It is one of the best-known fruits of Southeast Asia and is also widely cultivated elsewhere in the tropics including Africa, southern Mexico, the Caribbean islands, Costa Rica, Honduras, Guatemala, Panama, India, Vietnam, Philippines, and Sri Lanka. It is also produced in Ecuador where it is known as
461:, 3–6 cm (rarely to 8 cm) long and 3–4 cm broad, borne in a loose pendant cluster of 10–20 together. The leathery skin is reddish (rarely orange or yellow) and covered with fleshy pliable spines, hence the name, which means 'hairs'. The spines (also known as "spinterns") contribute to the
1439:
may occur in some cultivars, rambutans, like lychee, are dependent upon insects for pollination. In
Malaysia, where only about one percent of the female flowers set fruit, no fruit is set on bagged flowers while hand pollination resulted in a 13 percent fruit set. Pollinators may maintain fidelity to
1290:
Rambutans are adapted to warm tropical climates, around 22–30 °C, and are sensitive to temperatures below 10 °C. It is grown commercially within 12–15° of the equator. The trees grow well at elevations up to 500 m (1,600 ft) above sea level and do best in deep soil, clay loam, or
1260:
In
Nicaragua, a joint World Relief–European Union team distributed seedlings to organizations such as Ascociación Pueblos en Acción Comunitaria in 2001 to more than 100 farmers. Some of these farmers saw the first production of rambutans from their trees in 2005–2006 with development directed at the
527:
in South
America. Subsequently, the plants spread to the tropical Americas, planted in the coastal lowlands of Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Trinidad, and Cuba. In 1912, rambutans were introduced to the Philippines from Indonesia. Further introductions were made in 1920 (from Indonesia)
1370:
Most commercial cultivars are hermaphroditic; cultivars that produce only functionally female flowers require the presence of male trees. Male trees are seldom found, as vegetative selection has favored hermaphroditic clones that produce a high proportion of functionally female flowers and a much
1393:
In
Malaysia, rambutan flowers from March to July and again between June and November, usually in response to rain following a dry period. Flowering periods differ for other localities. Most, but not all, flowers open early in the day. Up to 100 flowers in each female panicle may be open each day
1362:
In some areas, rambutan trees can bear fruit twice annually, once in late fall and early winter, with a shorter season in late spring and early summer. Other areas, such as Costa Rica, have a single fruit season, with the start of the rainy season in April stimulating flowering, and the fruit is
1264:
In the
Philippines, two cultivars of rambutans are distinguished by their seed. The common rambutan seed and fruit are difficult to separate, while the 'Maharlika Rambutan' fruit separates cleanly from its seed. The fruit taste and size of these two cultivars are identical, but the 'Maharlika
1252:
Compared to propagated rambutan clones, rambutans taken from the wild have a higher acidity and potential for various food purposes. In
Indonesia, 22 rambutan cultivars were identified as good quality, with five as leading commercial cultivars: 'Binjai', 'Lebak Bulus', 'Rapiah', 'Cimacan' and
2492:
2151:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
1367:, 24 of 38 cultivated hectares (60 of 95 acres) were harvested producing 120 tonnes of fruit in 1997. Yields could be increased by improved orchard management, including pollination, and by planting high-yielding compact cultivars.
1965:
Arévalo-Galarza, M.L.; Caballero-Pérez, J.F.; Valdovinos-Ponce, G.; Cadena-Iñiguez, J.; Avendaño-Arrazate, C.H. (March 2018). "Growth and histological development of the fruit pericarp in rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum Linn.)".
1565:
The fruits are usually sold fresh and have a short shelf-life, and are commonly used in making jams and jellies, or canned. Evergreen rambutan trees with their abundant colored fruit make attractive landscape specimens.
1394:
during peak bloom. The initial fruit set may approach 25 percent, but a high abortion level contributes to a much lower level of production at harvest (1 to 3 percent). The fruit matures 15–18 weeks after flowering.
1228:
of female flowers and gather significant quantities of the sticky pollen from male blossoms. Little pollen has been seen on bees foraging female flowers. Although male flowers open at 06:00, foraging by
2198:
Gorinstein S, Zemser M, Haruenkit R, Chuthakorn R, Grauer F, Martin-Belloso O, Trakhtenberg S (1999). "Comparative content of total polyphenols and dietary fiber in tropical fruits and persimmon".
1278:
The fruit of the rambutan tree may be eaten raw by removing the peel, eating the pulp, and discarding the seed. Rambutan is most often used in desserts, such as sorbets and puddings, but also in
1021:
1249:
were developed from selected clones available throughout tropical Asia. Most of the cultivars are also selected for compact growth, reaching a height of only 3–5 m for easier harvesting.
1682:
2130:
1405:
Valley, is popular for its rambutan orchards. Their production comes to market in May, June, and July when it is very common to observe seasonal traders along the streets of
1440:
either male or hermaphroditic flowers (trees), thus limiting pollination and fruit set under natural conditions where crossing between male and female flowers is required.
1237:
is the preferred species for small-scale pollination of rambutan. Its hair is also helpful in pollination where pollen can be hooked on and transported to female flowers.
1884:. West Lafayette, Indiana, USA: Center for New Crops & Plant Products, Purdue University Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture. pp. 262–265.
2966:
1306:. Budded trees may fruit after two to three years with optimum production occurring after eight to 10 years. Trees grown from seed bear after five to six years.
3005:
3147:
2560:
390:. The name also refers to the edible fruit produced by this tree. The rambutan is native to Southeast Asia. It is closely related to several other edible
1491:
1424:
Both male and female flowers are faintly sweet-scented and have functional nectaries at the ovary base. Female flowers produce two to three times more
2914:
2979:
2927:
1794:
3080:
1428:
than male flowers. Nectar sugar concentration ranges between 18–47 percent and is similar between the flower types. Rambutans are an important
2748:
2451:
2163:
2015:
1055:(table; data are for canned fruit in syrup; raw fruit data are unpublished). In terms of nutritional content, the canned fruit contains only
1466:
Rambutan is a fruit tree cultivated in humid tropical
Southeast Asia. It is a common garden fruit tree and propagated commercially in small
3192:
2586:
2284:
Sun L, Zhang H, Zhuang Y (2012). "Preparation of free, soluble conjugate, and insoluble-bound phenolic compounds from peels of rambutans (
3157:
1670:
2158:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
2007:
371:
2122:
1313:
are available and in high demand. Usually, a single light brown seed is found, which is high in certain fats and oils (primarily
2953:
2077:
2984:
1790:
2177:
1658:
2118:
519:. There are limited rambutan plantings in some parts of India. In the 19th century, the Dutch introduced rambutans from
1694:
1507:, followed by Indonesia at 100,000 tonnes, and Malaysia, 60,000 tonnes. In Thailand, the major cultivation centers are
2823:
1588:
1943:
1646:
3167:
3093:
3010:
532:
100:
2518:. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 665: II International Symposium on Lychee, Longan, Rambutan and other Sapindaceae Plants
3172:
3162:
1142:
1253:'Sinyonya', with other popular cultivars including 'Simacan', 'Silengkeng', 'Sikonto' and 'Aceh kuning'. In the
2323:
Ong PK, Acree TE, Lavin EH (1998). "Characterization of
Volatiles in Rambutan Fruit (Nephelium lappaceum L.)".
3098:
2358:
Kong, Fei Chai; Mohd Adzahan, Noranizan; Karim, Roselina; Rukayadi, Yaya; Mohd Ghazali, Hasanah (2018-07-31).
2804:
3177:
2901:
1711:
1570:
1435:
Cross-pollination is a necessity because the anther is absent in most functionally female flowers. Although
565:
meaning 'hair' referring to the numerous hairy protuberances of the fruits, together with the noun-building
20:
2906:
2893:
3152:
2888:
2766:
1017:
426:, with three to 11 leaflets, each leaflet 5–15 cm wide and 3–10 cm broad with an entire margin.
2828:
2484:
2235:"Identification of major phenolic compounds from Nephelium lappaceum L. and their antioxidant activities"
1174:
Aromatic rambutan flowers are highly attractive to many insects, especially bees. Flies (Diptera), bees (
2537:
879:
445:
flowers and, hence, produce no fruit), female (producing flowers that are only functionally female), or
422:
tree growing to a height of 15–24 metres (49–79 ft). The leaves are alternate, 14–30 cm long,
217:
2932:
1519:. In Indonesia, the production center of rambutan is in the western parts of Indonesia, which includes
1008:
2099:
51:
3187:
3020:
2862:
2443:
1581:
1516:
1508:
1383:
1326:
931:
892:
2038:"Physico-chemical characterisation of the fat from red-skin rambutan (Nephellium lappaceum L.) seed"
3054:
1768:
1584:
fruit—that is, they ripen only on the tree and appear not to produce a ripening agent, such as the
65:
1409:. Sri Lanka also has some off-season rambutan production in January and February in areas such as
1257:, commercial varieties include 'Chooi Ang', 'Peng Thing Bee', 'Ya Tow', 'Azimat', and 'Ayer Mas'.
3182:
3119:
3085:
3059:
2854:
866:
846:
686:
504:
241:
95:
2540:. Centre for the Promotion of Imports, Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 14 February 2019
1818:
472:, is translucent, whitish, or very pale pink, with a sweet, mildly acidic flavor reminiscent of
37:
2971:
2596:
1233:
is most intense between 07:00 and 11:00, tapering off rather abruptly thereafter. In Thailand,
3041:
2836:
2744:
2682:
2641:
2447:
2437:
2418:
2385:
2340:
2305:
2266:
2215:
2169:
2159:
2059:
2011:
1979:
1544:
1512:
1387:
1282:
and savory dishes. The flavor is similar to lychee and pairs well with other tropical fruits.
1154:
944:
774:
512:
2410:
3046:
2717:
2672:
2631:
2375:
2332:
2297:
2256:
2246:
2207:
2049:
2037:
1971:
1763:
1379:). The flowers are receptive for about one day but may persist if pollinators are excluded.
1291:
sandy loam rich in organic matter. They grow on hilly terrain where there is good drainage.
1180:
1146:
488:
336:
2997:
2661:"Comparison of Rambutan Quality after Hot Forced-air and Irradiation Quarantine Treatments"
3028:
1879:
1632:
1536:
1452:
1332:
1254:
1225:
1212:
1120:
138:
1020:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
3072:
2620:"Relative Humidity Influences Postharvest Browning in Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.)"
3067:
2261:
2234:
1604:
1555:
1354:
1318:
1138:
1127:
556:
446:
391:
125:
2211:
3141:
2992:
2301:
1975:
1754:
1745:
1585:
1482:
1429:
1207:
1186:
1158:
1116:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1068:
642:
484:
462:
233:
85:
80:
3124:
2841:
2360:"Selected Physicochemical Properties of Registered Clones and Wild Types Rambutan (
1635:. It has spread from there to parts of Asia, Africa, Oceania, and Central America.
1548:
1402:
1299:
1196:
1112:
1108:
1088:
1044:
628:
599:
2815:
2738:
2701:
2001:
2940:
2798:
1475:
1202:
1175:
1123:
1104:
1060:
612:
584:(meaning 'messy hair'). The Chinese name is 红毛丹, literally 'red-haired pellet'.
540:
516:
387:
184:
2677:
2660:
2153:
1309:
The aril is attached to the seed in some commercial cultivars, but "freestone"
2722:
2636:
2619:
2515:
2380:
2359:
2251:
1528:
1418:
1314:
1131:
1084:
918:
791:
757:
442:
434:
430:
174:
2789:
2686:
2645:
2422:
2389:
1983:
449:(producing flowers that are female with a small percentage of male flowers).
2875:
2591:
2415:
Iica's Contribution to the Agricultural Sector in Trinidad and Tobago During
1628:
1624:
1620:
1600:
1540:
1460:
1191:
1056:
905:
824:
520:
503:
Around the 13th to 15th centuries, Arab traders, who played a major role in
423:
419:
194:
3111:
2344:
2309:
2270:
2219:
2173:
2063:
3033:
539:, Indonesia in 1906, but the species proved to be unsuccessful, except in
528:
and 1930 (from Malaya), but until the 1950s its distribution was limited.
3106:
2783:
2417:. Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura: 86. 1994.
1716:
1612:
1608:
1562:
annually, enabling a year-round supply from numerous tropical suppliers.
1456:
1436:
1414:
1397:
Rambutan cultivation in Sri Lanka mainly consists of small home gardens.
1310:
1295:
1246:
1150:
740:
524:
508:
492:
151:
2702:"Morphological characteristics of flower and fruit in several rambutan (
2919:
2849:
2233:
Thitilertdecha N, Teerawutgulrag A, Kilburn JD, Rakariyatham N (2010).
2054:
1721:
1616:
1524:
1467:
1406:
1398:
1303:
1064:
1048:
720:
575:
438:
407:
403:
2945:
2336:
1030:
480:
1574:
1425:
1410:
1376:
1372:
1364:
807:
566:
399:
395:
164:
2760:
1448:
1321:) valuable to industry, and used in cooking and the manufacture of
2958:
2880:
1569:
In India, rambutan is imported from Thailand, as well as grown in
1559:
1504:
1496:
1447:
1331:
1279:
1221:
1220:
colonies foraging on rambutan flowers produce large quantities of
1080:
1029:
473:
458:
112:
1520:
1345:
1322:
957:
536:
469:
2867:
2764:
441:
15–30 cm wide. Rambutan trees can be male (producing only
1739:
1737:
1390:. An annual rambutan fair is held during August harvest time.
1052:
662:
479:
The single seed is glossy brown, 1–1.3 cm, with a white
354:
1688:'Rambutan Binjai', one of the leading cultivars in Indonesia
1481:
As of 2014, Thailand was the largest producer of rambutans (
1134:(42%) acids, respectively, are the highest in fat content.
569:
560:
360:
2123:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
491:, the seed may be cooked and eaten, but is bitter and has
1554:
During 2017 and years before, imports of rambutan to the
342:
2659:
Follett, Peter A.; Sanxter, Suzanne S. (December 2000).
1325:. Rambutan roots, bark, and leaves have various uses in
1944:"Rambutan Growing Tips: Learn About Rambutan Tree Care"
2288:) and evaluation of antioxidant activities in vitro".
1920:
2618:
Landrigan, M.; Morris, S.C.; Gibb, K.S. (June 1996).
2098:
Siong Kiat Tan; Keng Soon Chua; Kok Peng Lim (2019).
1599:
The center of genetic diversity for rambutans is the
1543:
have been known as rambutan production centers since
372:
363:
2561:"Thailand wants to export Rambutan, longan to India"
465:
of the fruit, which can affect the fruit's quality.
357:
351:
339:
19:
This article is about the tree. For the cipher, see
2773:
993:
981:
956:
943:
930:
917:
904:
891:
878:
865:
844:
823:
806:
790:
773:
756:
739:
718:
683:
659:
641:
625:
611:
606:
531:There was an attempt to introduce rambutans to the
348:
345:
2155:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
2101:MINNAN (HOKKIEN) BOTANICAL NAMES USED IN SINGAPORE
2036:Manaf YN, Marikkar JM, Long K, Ghazali HM (2013).
1382:In Thailand, rambutan trees were first planted in
2364:L.) Fruits and Their Potentials in Food Products"
1224:. Bees foraging for nectar routinely contact the
856:
730:
579:
386:) is a medium-sized tropical tree in the family
1265:Rambutan' is more popular with a higher price.
1184:) are the main pollinators. Among the Diptera,
2706:) cultivars in Serang City, Banten, Indonesia"
1769:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T33266A67808476.en
1190:spp. are abundant, and among the Hymenoptera,
1115:. Rambutan seeds contain equal proportions of
1067:in a 100 gram reference amount (table). Other
607:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
2710:Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
2516:"Rambutan and Longan Production in Indonesia"
2485:"Rambutan: The hairy cousin from the tropics"
1995:
1993:
8:
2411:"Third Regional Workshop on Tropical Fruits"
1603:region. They have been widely cultivated in
592:
483:scar. Soft and containing equal portions of
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
1915:
1913:
1911:
457:The fruit is a round to oval single-seeded
2761:
2119:United States Food and Drug Administration
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
700:
591:
74:
50:
36:
27:
2721:
2676:
2635:
2436:Agar, Charles; Eveland, Jennifer (2005).
2379:
2260:
2250:
2053:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1767:
1676:Unripe rambutan fruits in the Philippines
2737:Paull, Robert E.; Duarte, Odilo (2012).
2587:"Farmers taking to Rambutan cultivation"
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1386:in 1926 by the Chinese Malay K. Vong in
1141:of rambutan fruit derives from numerous
1083:, rambutan does not contain significant
2585:Kuttoor, Radhakrishnan (28 June 2009).
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2031:
2029:
2027:
1795:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1733:
1642:
254:
1664:Ripe yellow rambutan fruit in Malaysia
1535:(habitation yards) in the villages of
429:The flowers are small, 2.5–5 mm,
2559:Shantanu Nandan Sharma (2006-05-07).
1813:
1811:
1371:lower number of flowers that produce
7:
3021:6014bb1d-36c6-4acf-8474-204c2faca511
2700:Windarsih, G.; Muhammad, E. (2019).
3148:IUCN Red List least concern species
1923:. Panoramic Fruit Farm, Puerto Rico
1755:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
45:Unpeeled and peeled rambutan fruit
1921:"The Rambutan Information Website"
14:
2008:Food and Agriculture Organization
2000:Tindall, H. D. (1 January 1994).
1043:Rambutan fruit is 78% water, 21%
3099:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:783833-1
2302:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02548.x
1976:10.17660/actahortic.2018.1194.25
1693:
1681:
1669:
1657:
1652:Young rambutan fruit in Malaysia
1645:
1344:
1059:at a moderate level (16% of the
598:
335:
99:
2180:from the original on 2024-05-09
2133:from the original on 2024-03-27
1329:and in the production of dyes.
1034:A cluster of yellowish rambutan
2538:"Exporting rambutan to Europe"
1828:. World Flora Consortium. 2023
437:, and borne in erect terminal
1:
2212:10.1016/s0955-2863(99)00017-0
1942:Grant, Amy (19 April 2021).
1531:. In Java, the orchards and
1294:Rambutans are propagated by
1016:Percentages estimated using
593:Rambutan, canned, syrup pack
3193:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2483:Le Bellec, F. (June 2014).
2078:"Vietnamese tropical fruit"
1571:the Pathanamthitta District
1547:, with a trading center in
1497:
1009:Link to USDA Database entry
535:, with seeds imported from
3209:
3158:Fruits originating in Asia
2678:10.21273/hortsci.35.7.1315
2107:. University of Singapore.
1143:volatile organic compounds
1087:content, but its colorful
617:343 kJ (82 kcal)
533:Southeastern United States
507:, introduced rambutans to
18:
2637:10.21273/hortsci.31.3.417
2381:10.17576/jsm-2018-4707-16
2252:10.3390/molecules15031453
1573:of the southern state of
1486:
1079:As an un-pigmented fruit
1015:
1005:
1001:
977:
969:
840:
836:
714:
710:
703:
699:
679:
675:
655:
651:
621:
597:
247:
240:
223:
216:
96:Scientific classification
94:
72:
63:
58:
49:
44:
35:
30:
2439:Frommer's Southeast Asia
1700:Three colors of rambutan
1336:Rambutan before ripening
1216:are the major visitors.
2723:10.13057/biodiv/d200537
1881:Fruits of Warm Climates
1712:List of culinary fruits
1018:US recommendations
21:Rambutan (cryptography)
1878:Morton, J. F. (1987).
1463:
1432:for bees in Malaysia.
1337:
1063:), while providing 82
1035:
1022:the National Academies
580:
570:
561:
523:in Southeast Asia, to
2444:John Wiley & Sons
1791:"Nephelium lappaceum"
1762:: e.T33266A67808476.
1474:and on the island of
1451:
1335:
1051:, and has negligible
1033:
705:Vitamins and minerals
468:The fruit flesh, the
16:Southeast Asian fruit
2003:Rambutan Cultivation
1946:. Gardening Know How
1744:Barstow, M. (2017).
1517:Surat Thani Province
1509:Chanthaburi Province
1327:traditional medicine
1071:are at a low level.
555:is derived from the
3060:Nephelium lappaceum
2805:Nephelium lappaceum
2775:Nephelium lappaceum
2704:Nephelium lappaceum
2362:Nephelium lappaceum
2286:Nephelium lappaceum
1821:Nephelium lappaceum
1748:Nephelium lappaceum
1503:), growing 450,000
1455:rambutan seller in
1401:, a village in the
594:
383:Nephelium lappaceum
259:Dimocarpus crinitus
227:Nephelium lappaceum
66:Conservation status
2565:The Economic Times
2055:10.5650/jos.62.335
1968:Acta Horticulturae
1826:World Flora Online
1580:Rambutans are not
1464:
1357:Rambutan cut open
1338:
1036:
983:Other constituents
578:, they are called
505:Indian Ocean trade
299:Nephelium rambutan
283:Nephelium obovatum
275:Euphoria nephelium
3168:Trees of Thailand
3135:
3134:
3042:Open Tree of Life
2767:Taxon identifiers
2750:978-1-84593-789-8
2453:978-0-7645-7829-8
2337:10.1021/jf970665t
2325:J Agric Food Chem
2165:978-0-309-48834-1
2017:978-92-5-103325-8
1970:(1194): 165–172.
1558:were about 1,000
1551:, South Jakarta.
1513:Chumphon Province
1495:
1155:phenylacetic acid
1091:displays diverse
1028:
1027:
973:
972:
328:
327:
319:
311:
303:
295:
291:Nephelium pallens
287:
279:
271:
263:
209:N. lappaceum
89:
3200:
3173:Trees of Malesia
3163:Medicinal plants
3128:
3127:
3115:
3114:
3102:
3101:
3089:
3088:
3076:
3075:
3063:
3062:
3050:
3049:
3037:
3036:
3024:
3023:
3014:
3013:
3001:
3000:
2988:
2987:
2975:
2974:
2962:
2961:
2949:
2948:
2936:
2935:
2923:
2922:
2910:
2909:
2897:
2896:
2884:
2883:
2871:
2870:
2858:
2857:
2845:
2844:
2832:
2831:
2819:
2818:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2762:
2755:
2754:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2680:
2671:(7): 1315–1318.
2656:
2650:
2649:
2639:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2595:. Archived from
2582:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2495:. pp. 28–33
2491:. No. 223.
2480:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2407:
2394:
2393:
2383:
2374:(7): 1483–1490.
2368:Sains Malaysiana
2355:
2349:
2348:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2264:
2254:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2057:
2033:
2022:
2021:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1917:
1886:
1885:
1875:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1741:
1697:
1685:
1673:
1661:
1649:
1545:the colonial era
1502:
1490:
1488:
1348:
1147:beta-damascenone
860:
811:
795:
778:
761:
744:
734:
701:
602:
595:
583:
574:. Similarly, in
573:
564:
489:unsaturated fats
394:, including the
376:
370:
369:
366:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
317:
309:
307:Scytalia crinita
301:
293:
285:
277:
269:
261:
229:
104:
103:
83:
78:
77:
59:Rambutan fruits
54:
40:
28:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3123:
3118:
3110:
3105:
3097:
3092:
3084:
3079:
3071:
3066:
3058:
3053:
3045:
3040:
3032:
3029:Observation.org
3027:
3019:
3017:
3009:
3004:
2996:
2991:
2983:
2978:
2970:
2965:
2957:
2952:
2944:
2939:
2931:
2926:
2918:
2913:
2905:
2900:
2892:
2887:
2879:
2874:
2866:
2861:
2853:
2848:
2840:
2835:
2827:
2822:
2814:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2769:
2759:
2758:
2751:
2740:Tropical Fruits
2736:
2735:
2731:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2569:
2567:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2521:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2482:
2481:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2446:. p. 158.
2435:
2434:
2430:
2409:
2408:
2397:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2296:(2): C198–204.
2283:
2282:
2278:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2183:
2181:
2166:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2136:
2134:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2035:
2034:
2025:
2018:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1889:
1877:
1876:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1817:
1816:
1809:
1799:
1797:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1743:
1742:
1735:
1730:
1708:
1701:
1698:
1689:
1686:
1677:
1674:
1665:
1662:
1653:
1650:
1641:
1633:the Philippines
1607:areas, such as
1597:
1537:Greater Jakarta
1446:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1288:
1276:
1271:
1255:Malay Peninsula
1243:
1172:
1167:
1077:
1041:
1011:
1006:
964:
951:
938:
925:
912:
899:
886:
873:
861:
831:
818:
809:
801:
793:
785:
776:
768:
759:
751:
742:
735:
706:
695:
690:
671:
666:
637:
632:
590:
549:
501:
455:
416:
392:tropical fruits
374:
338:
334:
324:
315:Scytalia rimosa
267:Euphoria glabra
253:
252:
236:
231:
225:
212:
98:
90:
79:
75:
68:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3206:
3204:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3178:Tropical fruit
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3140:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3125:wfo-0000381268
3116:
3103:
3090:
3077:
3064:
3051:
3038:
3025:
3015:
3002:
2989:
2976:
2963:
2950:
2937:
2924:
2911:
2898:
2885:
2872:
2859:
2846:
2833:
2820:
2810:
2795:
2779:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2757:
2756:
2749:
2729:
2692:
2651:
2630:(3): 417–418.
2610:
2599:on 24 May 2012
2577:
2551:
2529:
2514:R. Poerwanto.
2506:
2466:
2452:
2428:
2395:
2350:
2331:(2): 611–615.
2315:
2276:
2245:(3): 1453–65.
2225:
2200:J Nutr Biochem
2190:
2164:
2143:
2110:
2090:
2069:
2023:
2016:
1989:
1957:
1934:
1887:
1839:
1807:
1782:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1605:southeast Asia
1596:
1593:
1556:European Union
1511:, followed by
1445:
1442:
1353:
1352:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1319:arachidic acid
1287:
1284:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1261:local market.
1245:Well over 200
1242:
1239:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1093:phenolic acids
1076:
1075:Phytochemicals
1073:
1069:micronutrients
1040:
1037:
1026:
1025:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
995:
991:
990:
985:
979:
978:
975:
974:
971:
970:
967:
966:
962:
960:
954:
953:
949:
947:
941:
940:
936:
934:
928:
927:
923:
921:
915:
914:
910:
908:
902:
901:
897:
895:
889:
888:
884:
882:
876:
875:
871:
869:
863:
862:
855:
850:
842:
841:
838:
837:
834:
833:
829:
827:
821:
820:
816:
814:
804:
803:
799:
797:
788:
787:
783:
781:
771:
770:
766:
764:
754:
753:
749:
747:
737:
736:
729:
724:
716:
715:
712:
711:
708:
707:
704:
697:
696:
693:
691:
684:
681:
680:
677:
676:
673:
672:
669:
667:
660:
657:
656:
653:
652:
649:
648:
645:
639:
638:
635:
633:
626:
623:
622:
619:
618:
615:
609:
608:
604:
603:
589:
586:
548:
545:
500:
497:
454:
451:
447:hermaphroditic
415:
412:
326:
325:
323:
322:
321:
320:
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
272:
264:
250:
249:
248:
245:
244:
238:
237:
232:
221:
220:
214:
213:
206:
204:
200:
199:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
155:
154:
149:
142:
141:
136:
129:
128:
123:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
92:
91:
73:
70:
69:
64:
61:
60:
56:
55:
47:
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3205:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3153:Edible fruits
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2752:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2733:
2730:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2696:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2614:
2611:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2581:
2578:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2552:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2517:
2510:
2507:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2455:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2432:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2363:
2354:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2319:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2280:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2206:(6): 367–71.
2205:
2201:
2194:
2191:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2147:
2144:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2103:
2102:
2094:
2091:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2048:(6): 335–43.
2047:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2004:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1961:
1958:
1945:
1938:
1935:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1696:
1691:
1684:
1679:
1672:
1667:
1660:
1655:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:plant hormone
1583:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1430:nectar source
1427:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1355:
1347:
1334:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1250:
1248:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1208:stingless bee
1205:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1178:), and ants (
1177:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1159:cinnamic acid
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1137:The pleasant
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1113:ellagic acids
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:carbohydrates
1038:
1032:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
989:
986:
984:
980:
976:
968:
961:
959:
955:
948:
946:
942:
935:
933:
929:
922:
920:
916:
909:
907:
903:
896:
894:
890:
883:
881:
877:
870:
868:
864:
859:
854:
851:
849:
848:
843:
839:
835:
828:
826:
822:
815:
813:
805:
798:
796:
789:
782:
780:
772:
765:
763:
758:Riboflavin (B
755:
748:
746:
738:
733:
728:
725:
723:
722:
717:
713:
709:
702:
698:
692:
689:
688:
682:
678:
674:
668:
665:
664:
658:
654:
650:
646:
644:
643:Dietary fiber
640:
634:
631:
630:
629:Carbohydrates
624:
620:
616:
614:
610:
605:
601:
596:
587:
585:
582:
577:
572:
568:
563:
558:
554:
546:
544:
542:
538:
534:
529:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
498:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
475:
471:
466:
464:
463:transpiration
460:
452:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
413:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
384:
379:
378:
368:
332:
316:
313:
308:
305:
300:
297:
292:
289:
284:
281:
276:
273:
268:
265:
260:
257:
256:
255:
246:
243:
239:
235:
230:
228:
222:
219:
218:Binomial name
215:
211:
210:
205:
202:
201:
198:
197:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
126:Tracheophytes
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
102:
97:
93:
87:
82:
81:Least Concern
71:
67:
62:
57:
53:
48:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
2774:
2739:
2732:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2695:
2668:
2664:
2654:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2601:. Retrieved
2597:the original
2590:
2580:
2568:. Retrieved
2564:
2554:
2542:. Retrieved
2532:
2520:. Retrieved
2509:
2497:. Retrieved
2488:
2459:18 September
2457:. Retrieved
2438:
2431:
2414:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2353:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2182:. Retrieved
2154:
2146:
2135:. Retrieved
2126:
2113:
2100:
2093:
2081:. Retrieved
2072:
2045:
2041:
2002:
1967:
1960:
1948:. Retrieved
1937:
1925:. Retrieved
1880:
1830:. Retrieved
1825:
1820:
1800:18 September
1798:. Retrieved
1785:
1773:. Retrieved
1759:
1753:
1747:
1598:
1595:Distribution
1579:
1568:
1564:
1553:
1549:Pasar Minggu
1532:
1498:
1480:
1471:
1465:
1434:
1423:
1403:Kelani River
1396:
1392:
1381:
1369:
1361:
1308:
1300:air-layering
1293:
1289:
1277:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1244:
1234:
1230:
1217:
1211:
1201:
1197:Apis dorsata
1195:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1145:, including
1136:
1078:
1042:
987:
982:
857:
852:
845:
731:
726:
719:
685:
661:
627:
552:
550:
530:
502:
495:properties.
478:
467:
456:
428:
417:
382:
381:
330:
329:
314:
306:
298:
290:
282:
274:
266:
258:
226:
224:
208:
207:
195:
158:
145:
132:
119:
25:
3188:Fruit trees
3073:kew-2382804
2941:iNaturalist
2799:Wikispecies
2665:HortScience
2624:HortScience
2544:24 February
1775:19 November
1582:climacteric
1476:Puerto Rico
1384:Surat Thani
1286:Cultivation
1176:Hymenoptera
1170:Pollination
1124:fatty acids
1121:unsaturated
1061:Daily Value
741:Thiamine (B
588:Composition
541:Puerto Rico
517:East Africa
414:Description
388:Sapindaceae
185:Sapindaceae
139:Angiosperms
3142:Categories
3068:Plant List
2290:J Food Sci
2184:2024-06-21
2137:2024-03-28
2042:J Oleo Sci
1728:References
1601:Indonesian
1533:pekarangan
1529:Kalimantan
1472:achotillo,
1444:Production
1419:Monaragala
1388:Ban Na San
1315:oleic acid
1206:) and the
1192:honey bees
1181:Solenopsis
1130:(34%) and
1095:, such as
1085:polyphenol
919:Phosphorus
175:Sapindales
3183:Nephelium
2907:200013210
2894:200013210
2687:0018-5345
2646:0018-5345
2592:The Hindu
2423:0253-4746
2390:0126-6039
2239:Molecules
2083:7 October
1984:0567-7572
1629:Singapore
1625:Indonesia
1621:Sri Lanka
1541:West Java
1461:Indonesia
1311:cultivars
1247:cultivars
1241:Varieties
1235:A. cerana
1231:A. cerana
1218:A. cerana
1203:A. cerana
1139:fragrance
1128:arachidic
1117:saturated
1057:manganese
1039:Nutrients
932:Potassium
906:Manganese
893:Magnesium
825:Vitamin C
808:Folate (B
792:Vitamin B
775:Niacin (B
581:chôm chôm
551:The name
547:Etymology
521:Indonesia
485:saturated
443:staminate
435:discoidal
431:apetalous
420:evergreen
418:It is an
203:Species:
196:Nephelium
109:Kingdom:
31:Rambutan
3112:50009191
3107:Tropicos
2972:10589835
2959:783834-1
2784:Wikidata
2743:. CABI.
2489:FruiTrop
2345:10554286
2310:22250923
2271:20335993
2220:15539312
2178:Archived
2174:30844154
2131:Archived
2121:(2024).
2064:23728324
1717:Pomology
1706:See also
1613:Thailand
1609:Malaysia
1589:ethylene
1468:orchards
1457:Semarang
1453:Javanese
1437:apomixis
1415:Medagama
1296:grafting
1274:Culinary
1151:vanillin
1126:, where
1101:coumaric
1097:syringic
1065:calories
988:Quantity
913:0.343 mg
853:Quantity
847:Minerals
786:1.352 mg
769:0.022 mg
752:0.013 mg
727:Quantity
721:Vitamins
553:rambutan
525:Suriname
509:Zanzibar
493:narcotic
439:panicles
331:Rambutan
310:Raeusch.
302:Schnizl.
242:Synonyms
181:Family:
152:Eudicots
86:IUCN 3.1
2920:5421126
2850:Ecocrop
2790:Q476864
2522:11 July
2499:11 July
2262:6257335
1950:22 July
1927:25 June
1832:30 June
1722:Pulasan
1639:Gallery
1617:Myanmar
1525:Sumatra
1494::
1407:Colombo
1399:Malwana
1377:locules
1304:budding
1280:curries
1213:Trigona
1187:Lucilia
1165:Ecology
1109:caffeic
1049:protein
965:0.08 mg
887:0.35 mg
867:Calcium
802:0.02 mg
687:Protein
636:20.87 g
576:Vietnam
499:History
424:pinnate
408:quenepa
404:pulasan
191:Genus:
171:Order:
113:Plantae
84: (
3081:PLANTS
3047:918468
3034:369588
3018:NZOR:
3011:151071
2985:506073
2946:278605
2868:595297
2829:425313
2816:177499
2813:APDB:
2747:
2685:
2644:
2603:8 June
2570:8 June
2450:
2421:
2388:
2343:
2308:
2269:
2259:
2218:
2172:
2162:
2062:
2014:
1982:
1631:, and
1575:Kerala
1560:tonnes
1527:, and
1505:tonnes
1426:nectar
1417:, and
1411:Bibile
1373:pollen
1365:Hawaii
1302:, and
1226:stigma
1210:genus
1157:, and
1111:, and
1105:gallic
997:78.3 g
945:Sodium
832:4.9 mg
694:0.65 g
670:0.21 g
613:Energy
567:suffix
562:rambut
474:grapes
406:, and
400:longan
396:lychee
294:Radlk.
165:Rosids
3086:NELA7
2998:33266
2967:IRMNG
2933:25188
2881:NEELA
2842:46YB4
2716:(5).
2493:CIRAD
2105:(PDF)
1222:honey
1132:oleic
1081:flesh
1047:, 1%
994:Water
952:11 mg
939:42 mg
874:22 mg
647:0.9 g
559:word
557:Malay
513:Pemba
481:basal
459:drupe
453:Fruit
318:Roxb.
286:Ridl.
270:Blume
262:Lour.
159:Clade
146:Clade
133:Clade
120:Clade
3094:POWO
3055:PfaF
3006:NCBI
2993:IUCN
2980:ITIS
2954:IPNI
2928:GRIN
2915:GBIF
2876:EPPO
2855:1528
2824:BOLD
2745:ISBN
2683:ISSN
2642:ISSN
2605:2012
2572:2012
2546:2021
2524:2015
2501:2019
2461:2010
2448:ISBN
2419:ISSN
2386:ISSN
2341:PMID
2306:PMID
2267:PMID
2216:PMID
2170:PMID
2160:ISBN
2085:2012
2060:PMID
2012:ISBN
1980:ISSN
1952:2022
1929:2011
1834:2023
1802:2010
1777:2021
1760:2017
1539:and
1521:Java
1515:and
1492:RTGS
1487:เงาะ
1483:Thai
1323:soap
1317:and
1269:Uses
1200:and
1119:and
1089:rind
958:Zinc
926:9 mg
900:7 mg
880:Iron
819:8 μg
537:Java
511:and
487:and
470:aril
377:-tən
373:ram-
251:List
3120:WFO
2902:FoC
2889:FNA
2863:EoL
2837:CoL
2718:doi
2673:doi
2632:doi
2376:doi
2333:doi
2298:doi
2257:PMC
2247:doi
2208:doi
2127:FDA
2050:doi
1972:doi
1823:L."
1764:doi
1499:ngo
1053:fat
911:15%
858:%DV
732:%DV
663:Fat
571:-an
515:in
375:BOO
278:DC.
3144::
3122::
3109::
3096::
3083::
3070::
3057::
3044::
3031::
3008::
2995::
2982::
2969::
2956::
2943::
2930::
2917::
2904::
2891::
2878::
2865::
2852::
2839::
2826::
2801::
2786::
2714:20
2712:.
2708:.
2681:.
2669:35
2667:.
2663:.
2640:.
2628:31
2626:.
2622:.
2589:.
2563:.
2487:.
2469:^
2442:.
2413:.
2398:^
2384:.
2372:47
2370:.
2366:.
2339:.
2329:46
2327:.
2304:.
2294:77
2292:.
2265:.
2255:.
2243:15
2241:.
2237:.
2214:.
2204:10
2202:.
2176:.
2168:.
2129:.
2125:.
2058:.
2046:62
2044:.
2040:.
2026:^
2010:.
2006:.
1992:^
1978:.
1890:^
1842:^
1810:^
1793:.
1758:.
1752:.
1736:^
1627:,
1623:,
1619:,
1615:,
1611:,
1577:.
1523:,
1489:,
1485::
1478:.
1459:,
1421:.
1413:,
1298:,
1161:.
1153:,
1149:,
1107:,
1103:,
1099:,
963:1%
950:0%
937:1%
924:1%
898:2%
885:2%
872:2%
830:5%
817:2%
800:1%
784:8%
767:2%
750:1%
543:.
476:.
433:,
410:.
402:,
398:,
380:;
355:uː
234:L.
161::
148::
135::
122::
2753:.
2726:.
2720::
2689:.
2675::
2648:.
2634::
2607:.
2574:.
2548:.
2526:.
2503:.
2463:.
2425:.
2392:.
2378::
2347:.
2335::
2312:.
2300::
2273:.
2249::
2222:.
2210::
2187:.
2140:.
2087:.
2066:.
2052::
2020:.
1986:.
1974::
1954:.
1931:.
1836:.
1819:"
1804:.
1779:.
1766::
1750:"
1746:"
1194:(
1024:.
812:)
810:9
794:6
779:)
777:3
762:)
760:2
745:)
743:1
367:/
364:n
361:ə
358:t
352:b
349:ˈ
346:m
343:æ
340:r
337:/
333:(
88:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
