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with
Galician as its official language along with Spanish. It was then urgently required to establish a fixed standard form. As professor of Galician language and literature, Carballo Calero was appointed to lead the group of experts that should prepare the new norms for Galician. The first draft was
872:
856:
1944:
840:
445:
However, this approximation to
Portuguese was perceived by some pro-Spanish conservative groups as a possible political stance. Consequently, the norms were revoked without Carballo's consent by means of a special law (the
888:
1959:
808:
796:
824:
352:(Spain). Yet, he was released in 1941. He returned to his natal city of Ferrol, where he worked as a private tutor as he was banned from holding any public position, including teaching.
372:("Royal Galician Academy"). In 1965, he was allowed to hold public positions again, and moved to the Galician capital Compostela where he taught Galician language and literature at the
112:
415:
languages were not just the same language in the past, sharing a common origin, but still are the same language today. Carballo Calero became the chief supporter of that view.
1954:
1481:
249:
and his works on this field are considered a primary reference. Many consider
Carballo Calero as one of the most prominent figures of the twentieth century Galician
362:
He re-established contact with the
Galicianists and began his doctoral studies, eventually getting his PhD in 1955. His thesis was published in 1963 with the title
1939:
577:
355:
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469:
and not scientific". He even stated that the new norms and linguistic laws provoked a situation which "is anti-hygienic and goes against the economy" (in
458:("Institute for the Galician Language") and the Royal Galician Academy, of which he was still a member. Carballo Calero had by then helped to create the
438:
193:
431:("Orthographic norms of the Galician language"). These norms recommended a gradual approach to Portuguese, using Portuguese as the most suitable
1919:
1474:
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377:
230:
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452:). In light of those events, Carballo Calero resigned his position in 1980. A new set of norms was passed in 1982 by the newly created
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348:. He was captured by the Francoists and convicted on the grounds of "secessionism" and sentenced to sixteen years in the jail of
1822:
268:
In his student years, Carballo Calero participated in the
Spanish left-wing republican movements opposing the dictatorship of
1924:
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380:. Finally, in 1972, he became the first ever university professor in the field of Galician Linguistics and Literature.
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272:. In 1926, he moved to Santiago de Compostela to study for degrees in Law and Philosophy and to do his compulsory
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411:: in short, the idea that had been stated in the past but never scientifically systematised that Galician and
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language led him re-interpret
Galician classics and to develop the theory of what would become contemporary
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He became an open critic of the new decisions on
Galician language which he considered to be merely "
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reference for spoken
Galician while allowing for a number of different solutions in case of doubt.
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At that stage, Carballo Calero can be considered the world expert in the work of poet
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1616:
366:("History of contemporary Galician literature"). In 1958, he was invited to join the
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1804:
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462:(1981) to counteract what he thought to be an attempt to "damage" the language.
432:
1091:
at
Galician Virtual Library's database (in Galician). Access date 24 June 2019.
1001:
Vilavedra, D. (coord), Cochón, I. et al (1995). "Carballo Calero, Ricardo" in
1864:
1104:
395:
Through his university research on
Galician language, he became interested in
387:. He also became an editor and publisher, promoting classic Galician writers.
396:
288:
218:
1726:
1945:
Spanish military personnel of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)
477:– the greatest civil award in Galicia. Also, he was invited to join the
403:. This research, combined with his vast knowledge of the history of the
85:
481:("Council for the Galician Culture"), but he declined the invitation.
1101:"Carvalho Calero será el homenajeado en el Día das Letras Galegas"
354:
280:, and his political activism become an integral part of his life.
260:
1346:
Ricardo Carvalho Calero; a posibilidade de rectificar a história
1126:
933:
1. Edicións do Cumio, Galaxia e Ediciós do Castro. 2006. p. 432.
300:("Galicianist Party") and contributed to the draft of the first
1463:
1384:, Grupo de Língua da Fundaçom Artábria, Fundaçom Artábria, 2000
734:
Particularidades morfológicas del lenguaje de Rosalía de Castro
1230:(2ª ed.). Vigo: Editorial Galaxia. pp. 256, 260, 269–271.
340:
in 1936, Carballo Calero became a volunteer combatant for the
17:
1382:
Conhecermos Carvalho Calero. Umha vida polo galego e a Galiza
287:
through mutual artist friends, while Reiss was stationed in
245:. He was one of the main theorists of contemporary Galician
1960:
Academic staff of the University of Santiago de Compostela
1119:
Our Own People: A Memoir of "Ignace Reiss" and His Friends
710:
Brevario antológico de la literatura gallega contemporánea
316:("Galician Left") and with political publications such as
1326:. Autores I. Vigo: Editorial Galaxia. pp. 108–110.
484:
Carballo Calero died in Santiago de Compostela in 1990.
722:
Libros e autores galegos: dos trovadores a Valle Inclán
1309:
Literatura galega. Aportacións a unha historia crítica
328:
Ostracism and eventual incorporation to the University
276:. While there, he became acquainted with the ideas of
324:("To Be"). He completed his college studies in 1936.
283:
In the late 1920s, he became friends with Soviet spy
221:, academic and writer. He was the first Professor of
1063:'s database (in Galician). Access date 24 June 2019.
1079:'s database (in Spanish). Access date 24 June 2019.
802:
Ricardo Carballo Calero, Trinitarias, Ferrol, 1928.
716:
Edición de "Cantares gallegos" de Rosalía de Castro
376:high school, while he started to also teach at the
186:
178:
168:
158:
140:
119:
101:
1302:Voz e Siléncio (entrevista com R. Carvalho Calero)
698:Versos iñorados e ou esquecidos de Eduardo Pondal
1267:. Edicións Xerais de Galicia. pp. 102–104.
1406:1. Do Cumio, Galaxia e do Castro. p. 432.
1121:. London: Oxford University Press. p. 77.
92: and the second or maternal family name is
1366:VVAA (1999–2002). "Carballo Calero, Ricardo".
1475:
1338:Ricardo Carvalho Calero, a razom da esperanza
8:
1444:, PDF published by Fundaçom Artábria, Ferrol
1295:Ricardo Carvalho Calero. A dignidade persoal
1005:, volume I (Autores), pp. 108–110. Galaxia.
1491:Authors honoured on Galician Literature Day
1344:no. 13, A Nosa Terra, (including the video
1206:Conversas en Compostela con Carballo Calero
1039:. Edicións Xerais de Galicia. pp. 102–104.
896:Historia da literatura galega contemporánea
692:História da Literatura Galega Contemporánea
364:Historia da literatura galega contemporánea
1482:
1468:
1460:
1235:Diccionario de escritores en lingua galega
965:Diccionario enciclopédico galego universal
344:, achieving the rank of lieutenant in the
111:
98:
1955:Members of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences
1402:VVAA (2006). "Carballo Calero, Ricardo".
1387:VVAA (2005). "Carballo Calero, Ricardo".
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
1278:Montero Santalha, José-Martinho (1993).
918:Gran Enciclopedia Galega Silverio Cañada
676:
576:
496:
437:
31:This article includes a list of general
1428:Historia da literatura galega – autores
909:
792:
257:Youth and first involvement in politics
662:(1984, Ediciós do Castro; Colectánea).
308:. He also collaborated with left-wing
1940:Partido Galeguista (1931) politicians
1293:Palharés, P. and Tato Fontainha, L.,
880:Gramática elemental del gallego común
704:Gramática elemental del gallego común
473:, 1984). In 1984, he was awarded the
460:Galician Association for the Language
241:, and also an honorary member of the
7:
1223:. Biblioteca 114. El Correo Gallego.
1219:Fernán-Vello; Pillado Mayor (1992).
1204:Fernán-Vello; Pillado Mayor (1986).
429:Normas ortográficas do idioma galego
378:University of Santiago de Compostela
231:University of Santiago de Compostela
1449:Carvalho Calero no século XX galego
1250:Historia xeral da literatura galega
1191:Carballo Calero: política e cultura
694:, 1963 (re-edited in 1975 and 1976)
37:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1508:Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao
1263:Méndez Ferrín, Xosé Luis (1984).
1237:(2ª ed.). Do Castro. p. 73.
1233:Fernández del Riego, F. (1992) .
1226:Fernández del Riego, F. (1971) .
1035:Méndez Ferrín, Xosé Luis (1984).
1022:Fernández del Riego, F. (1971) .
560:Cantigas de amigo e outros poemas
306:Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao
1324:Diccionario da literatura galega
1322:Vilavedra, Dolores, ed. (1995).
1141:"Portal Galego da Língua - AGAL"
1026:(2ª ed.). Vigo: Galaxia. p. 256.
1003:Diccionario da Literatura Galega
990:Dicionario biográfico de Galicia
887:
871:
855:
839:
823:
807:
795:
728:Sobre lingua e literatura galega
427:produced in 1979 with the title
304:alongside intellectuals such as
217:from 1981 onward, was a Spanish
192:
22:
1355:. Ferrol. Cadernos do Medulio.
1248:Gómez, A.; Queixas, M. (2001).
1117:Poretsky, Elisabeth K. (1969).
1370:4. Ir Indo. pp. 422–423.
1189:Blanco García, Carmen (1991).
1174:Blanco García, Carmen (1989).
864:Poemas pendurados de un cabelo
742:, with L. Fontoira Surís, 1972
1:
1877:Francisco Fernández del Riego
1368:Enciclopedia Galega Universal
1228:Historia da literatura galega
1176:Conversas con Carballo Calero
1024:Historia da Literatura Galega
944:Enciclopedia Galega Universal
243:Galician Language Association
1920:Writers from Galicia (Spain)
1307:Tarrío Varela, Anxo (1994).
1280:Carvalho Calero e a súa obra
1077:Real Academia de la Historia
1061:Galician Writers Association
988:"Carballo Calero, Ricardo".
963:"Carballo Calero, Ricardo".
942:"Carballo Calero, Ricardo".
929:"Carballo Calero, Ricardo".
740:Poesías de Rosalía de Castro
536:Poemas pendurados dun cabelo
336:revolt and the start of the
302:Galician Statute of Autonomy
84:, the first or paternal
1787:Xosé María Álvarez Blázquez
1441:Conhecermos Carvalho Calero
1426:"Carvalho Calero, Ricardo"
1178:. Vigo: Editorial Galaxia.
916:Carballo Calero, Ricardo".
422:in 1977, Galicia became an
1976:
1757:Antón Avilés de Taramancos
1532:Florentino López Cuevillas
1353:Homenaxe a Carballo Calero
1297:, Concello de Ferrol, 1994
752:Problemas da Língua Galega
643:, 1982, Ediciós do Castro.
479:Consello da Cultura Galega
455:Instituto da Lingua Galega
239:Lisbon Academy of Sciences
79:
1930:Galician-language writers
1915:People from Ferrol, Spain
1653:Francisca Herrera Garrido
1647:Aquilino Iglesia Alvariño
1635:Armando Cotarelo Valledor
1574:Xoán Manuel Pintos Villar
1497:
1311:. Universitaria. Xerais.
894:Ricardo Carballo Calero,
878:Ricardo Carballo Calero,
862:Ricardo Carballo Calero,
846:Ricardo Carballo Calero,
830:Ricardo Carballo Calero,
814:Ricardo Carballo Calero,
233:. He was a member of the
191:
110:
1935:Spanish-language writers
1544:Marcial Valladares Núñez
1389:Gran Enciclopedia Galega
992:1. Ir Indo. pp. 180–183.
946:4. Ir Indo. p. 422-423.
213:, 1990), self-styled as
1859:Ricardo Carballo Calero
1829:Xosé Filgueira Valverde
1568:Xoán V. Viqueira Cortón
1556:Valentín Lamas Carvajal
1404:Diciopedia do século 21
1089:Ricardo Carvalho Calero
1073:Ricardo Carvalho Calero
1057:Ricardo Carvalho Calero
931:Diciopedia do século 21
770:Escritos sobre Castelao
346:Spanish Republican Army
294:In 1931, he joined the
215:Ricardo Carvalho Calero
203:Ricardo Carballo Calero
105:Ricardo Carvalho Calero
103:Ricardo Carballo Calero
52:more precise citations.
1823:Xosé María Díaz Castro
1629:Manuel Leiras Pulpeiro
1592:Antonio López Ferreiro
1538:Antonio Noriega Varela
1526:Manuel Curros Enríquez
1300:Salinas Portugal, F.,
681:
582:
501:
442:
359:
312:organizations such as
270:Miguel Primo de Rivera
265:
235:Royal Galician Academy
211:Santiago de Compostela
152:Santiago de Compostela
1925:Linguists of Galician
1847:María Victoria Moreno
1751:Frei Martín Sarmiento
1733:Roberto Blanco Torres
1665:Celso Emilio Ferreiro
1452:, by Maurício Castro
1265:De Pondal a Novoneyra
1193:. Ediciós do Castro.
1037:De Pondal a Novoneyra
776:Do Galego e da Galiza
680:
580:
524:O silencio axionllado
500:
441:
401:Manuel Rodrigues Lapa
358:
264:
1950:Spanish philologists
1817:Roberto Vidal Bolaño
1811:Valentín Paz-Andrade
1775:Manuel Lugrís Freire
1641:Antón Losada Diéguez
1611:Alfonso X of Castile
1605:Manuel Antonio Pérez
1562:Manuel Lago González
1550:Gonzalo López Abente
1391:(DVD). El Progreso.
1304:, Ed. do Cúmio, 1991
848:O silenzo axionllado
758:Da Fala e da Escrita
548:Pretérito Imperfeito
424:autonomous community
369:Real Academia Galega
1793:Ramón Piñeiro López
1707:Xesús Ferro Couselo
1689:Eduardo Blanco Amor
1659:Ramón Otero Pedrayo
1623:Luís Amado Carballo
784:, 1992 (posthumous)
778:, 1990 (posthumous)
686:Sete poemas galegos
623:Auto do prisioneiro
581:Bust in Compostela.
520:, 1932 (in Spanish)
508:, 1928 (in Spanish)
405:Galician-Portuguese
314:Esquerda Galeguista
1586:Antón Villar Ponte
1520:Francisco Añón Paz
832:La soledad confusa
782:Umha voz na Galiza
746:Estudos rosalianos
682:
660:Narrativa completa
583:
554:Futuro condicional
542:Calteiro de Fingoi
518:La soledad confusa
502:
443:
360:
297:Partido Galeguista
266:
1892:
1891:
1871:Florencio Delgado
1683:Fermín Bouza-Brey
1502:Rosalía de Castro
1412:978-84-8288-942-9
1361:978-84-300-7158-6
1208:. Sotelo Blanco.
969:La Voz de Galicia
654:Xente da Barreira
599:A sombra de Orfeo
471:Uma voz na Galiza
449:Decreto Filgueira
399:and the works of
385:Rosalia de Castro
374:Rosalia de Castro
338:Spanish Civil War
223:Galician Language
200:
199:
130:October 30, 1910.
78:
77:
70:
1967:
1745:Eladio Rodríguez
1677:Álvaro Cunqueiro
1600:
1580:Ramón Cabanillas
1484:
1477:
1470:
1461:
1455:
1434:
1252:. A Nosa Terra.
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1147:. Archived from
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891:
875:
859:
843:
827:
811:
799:
637:, 1971, Galaxia.
475:Medalla Castelao
418:With the end of
409:reintegrationism
391:Reintegrationism
342:Spanish Republic
320:("Clarity") and
274:military service
247:reintegrationism
196:
147:
129:
127:
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99:
73:
66:
62:
59:
53:
48:this article by
39:inline citations
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1454:(in Portuguese)
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1221:Carballo Calero
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1145:www.agal-gz.org
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1107:, 22 June 2019.
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1799:Uxío Novoneyra
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1769:Lorenzo Varela
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1342:A Nosa Cultura
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1853:Antón Fraguas
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41:
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34:
29:
20:
19:
16:
1835:Manuel María
1805:Lois Pereiro
1781:María Mariño
1719:Martín Codax
1448:
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1168:Bibliography
1153:. Retrieved
1149:the original
1144:
1135:
1118:
1112:
1096:
1084:
1068:
1052:
1036:
1031:
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943:
938:
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925:
917:
912:
895:
879:
863:
850:, Nós, 1934.
847:
834:, Nós, 1932.
831:
818:, Nós, 1931.
815:
781:
775:
769:
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757:
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433:orthographic
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331:
321:
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296:
293:
285:Ignace Reiss
282:
267:
214:
202:
201:
146:(1990-03-25)
93:
89:
82:Spanish name
64:
55:
36:
15:
1910:1990 deaths
1905:1910 births
1695:Luís Seoane
1595: [
789:Some covers
635:Catro pezas
566:Reticências
506:Trinitarias
310:nationalist
278:Galicianism
219:philologist
169:Citizenship
159:Nationality
50:introducing
1899:Categories
1865:Xela Arias
1713:Ánxel Fole
1155:14 January
904:References
617:O redondel
413:Portuguese
227:Literature
179:Occupation
126:1910-10-30
33:references
971:. p. 43.
648:Narrative
467:political
397:etymology
334:Francoist
289:Amsterdam
209:, 1910 –
187:Signature
58:June 2019
1727:Mendinho
1439:Caderno
1431:. AS-PG
1127:70449412
898:, 2ª ed.
629:Os xefes
318:Claridad
163:Galician
90:Carballo
80:In this
1348:), 1991
1105:El País
882:, 1966.
866:, 1952.
816:Vieiros
666:Scórpio
611:A arbre
587:O fillo
573:Theatre
512:Vieiros
229:at the
173:Spanish
86:surname
46:improve
1885:(2024)
1879:(2023)
1873:(2022)
1867:(2021)
1861:(2020)
1855:(2019)
1849:(2018)
1843:(2017)
1837:(2016)
1831:(2015)
1825:(2014)
1819:(2013)
1813:(2012)
1807:(2011)
1801:(2010)
1795:(2009)
1789:(2008)
1783:(2007)
1777:(2006)
1771:(2005)
1765:(2004)
1759:(2003)
1753:(2002)
1747:(2001)
1741:(2000)
1735:(1999)
1729:(1998)
1715:(1997)
1709:(1996)
1703:(1995)
1697:(1994)
1691:(1993)
1685:(1992)
1679:(1991)
1673:(1990)
1667:(1989)
1661:(1988)
1655:(1987)
1649:(1986)
1643:(1985)
1637:(1984)
1631:(1983)
1625:(1982)
1619:(1981)
1613:(1980)
1607:(1979)
1601:(1978)
1588:(1977)
1582:(1976)
1576:(1975)
1570:(1974)
1564:(1973)
1558:(1972)
1552:(1971)
1546:(1970)
1540:(1969)
1534:(1968)
1528:(1967)
1522:(1966)
1516:(1965)
1510:(1964)
1504:(1963)
1410:
1395:
1374:
1359:
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1315:
1286:
1271:
1256:
1241:
1212:
1197:
1182:
1125:
1043:
1009:
975:
950:
772:, 1989
766:, 1984
760:, 1983
754:, 1981
748:, 1977
736:, 1972
730:, 1971
724:, 1970
718:, 1969
712:, 1966
706:, 1966
700:, 1961
688:, 1955
668:, 1987
656:, 1951
631:, 1982
625:, 1970
619:, 1979
613:, 1965
607:, 1963
601:, 1971
595:, 1982
593:Isabel
589:, 1982
568:, 1990
562:, 1986
556:, 1982
550:, 1980
544:, 1961
538:, 1952
532:, 1950
526:, 1934
514:, 1931
493:Poetry
237:, the
207:Ferrol
182:writer
94:Calero
35:, but
1599:]
1340:, in
673:Essay
1408:ISBN
1393:ISBN
1372:ISBN
1357:ISBN
1328:ISBN
1313:ISBN
1284:ISBN
1269:ISBN
1254:ISBN
1239:ISBN
1210:ISBN
1195:ISBN
1180:ISBN
1157:2022
1123:LCCN
1041:ISBN
1007:ISBN
973:ISBN
967:13.
948:ISBN
350:Jaén
225:and
141:Died
120:Born
1075:at
1059:at
322:Ser
88:is
1901::
1725:/
1721:/
1597:es
1143:.
1103:.
291:.
253:.
1483:e
1476:t
1469:v
1456:.
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979:.
954:.
920:.
205:(
128:)
124:(
96:.
71:)
65:(
60:)
56:(
42:.
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