1015:
2033:
1807:
837:
2588:
1857:
879:
1644:
1822:
893:
5263:
1508:
1616:
938:
2920:, for which love is a subtle philosophy only a few chosen knights and princesses could grasp. Love is blind to blasons but not to a good heart when it finds one: when it succeeds it is the result of the spiritual, not physical affinity between two souls. Guinizzelli's democratic view can be better understood in the light of the greater equality and freedom enjoyed by the city-states of the center-north and the rise of a middle class eager to legitimise itself in the eyes of the old nobility, still regarded with respect and admiration but dispossessed of its political power.
1904:
3461:
2574:
953:
971:
822:
3749:
highest density is found in the province of Prato (675/km or 1,750/sq mi), followed by the provinces of
Pistoia, Livorno, Florence and Lucca, peaking in the cities of Florence (more than 3,500/km or 9,100/sq mi), Livorno, Prato, Viareggio, Forte dei Marmi and Montecatini Terme (all with a population density of more than 1,000/km or 2,600/sq mi). The territorial distribution of the population is closely linked to the socio-cultural and, more recently, economic and industrial development of Tuscany.
1419:
1136:
95:
1699:
2532:
924:
2604:
3262:
3433:
3846:
2518:
856:
1630:
3027:
1664:
2560:
2546:
909:
7155:
83:
5117:
3489:
1492:
1298:
1405:
5175:
1458:
110:
2646:
1836:
2618:
3447:
2632:
2742:
2843:
654:
7144:
1688:
1220:, endowed the area with new technologies and development, and ensured peace. These developments included extensions of existing roads, the introduction of aqueducts and sewers, and the construction of many buildings, both public and private. However, many of these structures have been destroyed by erosion due to weather.
1916:
Tuscany has a unique artistic legacy, and
Florence is one of the world's most important water-colour centres, even so that it is often nicknamed the "art palace of Italy" (the region is also believed to have the largest concentration of Renaissance art and architecture in the world). Painters such as
1535:. Though "Tuscany" remained a linguistic, cultural, and geographic conception rather than a political reality, in the 15th century, Florence extended its dominion in Tuscany through the annexation of Arezzo in 1384, the purchase of Pisa in 1405, and the suppression of a local resistance there (1406).
1393:
epidemic hit
Tuscany starting in 1348. It eventually killed 70% of the Tuscan population. According to Melissa Snell, "Florence lost a third of its population in the first six months of the plague, and from 45% to 75% of its population in the first year." In 1630, Florence and Tuscany were once again
2154:
worked there. While
Baldassare Peruzzi was born and trained in Siena, his major works and style reflect his long career in Rome. The economic and political decline of Siena by the 16th century, and its eventual subjugation by Florence, largely checked the development of Sienese painting, although it
810:
The climate is fairly mild in the coastal areas, and is harsher and rainy in the interior, with considerable fluctuations in temperature between winter and summer, giving the region a soil-building active freeze-thaw cycle, in part accounting for the region once having served as a key breadbasket of
3532:
Italy has one of the strongest textile industries in Europe, accounting for approximately one-quarter of
European production. Its turnover is over 25 billion euros. It is the third largest supplier of clothing after China and Japan. The Italian fashion industry generates 60% of its turnover abroad.
3524:
industry are the pillars of the
Florentine economy. In the 15th century, Florentines were working with luxury textiles such as wool and silk. Today the greatest designers in Europe utilize the textile industry in Tuscany, and especially Florence. A large plant of production is happening in the town
2956:
is a short poem, in seven-syllable verses, rhyming in couplets, in which the author professes to be lost in a wilderness and to meet with a lady, who represents Nature, from whom he receives much instruction. We see here the vision, the allegory, the instruction with a moral object, three elements
3752:
Accordingly, the least densely populated areas are those where the main activity is agriculture, unlike the others where, despite the presence of several large industrial complexes, the main activities are connected with tourism and associated services, alongside many small firms in the leather,
4449:
Il termine "Villanoviano" è entrato nella letteratura archeologica quando, a metà dell '800, il conte
Gozzadini mise in luce le prime tombe ad incinerazione nella sua proprietà di Villanova di Castenaso, in località Caselle (BO). La cultura villanoviana coincide con il periodo più antico della
3748:
The population density of
Tuscany, with 161 inhabitants per square kilometre (420/sq mi) in 2008, is below the national average (198.8/km or 515/sq mi). This is due to the low population density of the provinces of Arezzo, Siena, and especially Grosseto (50/km or 130/sq mi). The
2880:
laughs when in his sonnets he tells a party of
Sienese youths the occupations of every month in the year, or when he teaches a party of Florentine lads the pleasures of every day in the week. Cenne della Chitarra laughs when he parodies Folgore's sonnets. The sonnets of Rustico di Filippo are
3301:
One of the traditional foundations of the industrial sector is mining, given the abundance of underground resources. Also of note are textiles and clothing, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, steel and metalworking, glass and ceramics, and printing and publishing. Smaller areas specialising in
3293:. Although its share is falling all the time, agriculture still contributes to the region's economy. In the region's inland areas cereals, potatoes, olives, and grapes are grown. The swamplands, which used to be marshy, now produce vegetables, rice, tobacco, beets, and sunflowers.
2146:. Unlike the naturalistic Florentine art, there is a mystical streak in Sienese art, characterized by a common focus on miraculous events, distortions of time and place, and often dreamlike coloration, with less attention to proportions. In the 16th century, the Mannerists
2864:, but its literary originality took another line – that of humorous and satirical poetry. The democratic form of government created a style of poetry that stood strongly against the medieval mystic and chivalrous style. Devout invocation of God or a lady came from the
3342:
In
Tuscany 80% of tourism demand is concentrated in cities of art and seaside resorts, the rest is divided between the countryside, hills, and mountains. In 2019 the municipalities with the relatively higher percentage of presences, in descending order, are:
3143:(GDP) of the region was 117.5 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 6.7% of Italy's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 31,400 euros or 104% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 106% of the EU average.
1593:
The Sienese commune was not incorporated into Tuscany until 1555, and during the 15th century, Siena enjoyed a cultural 'Sienese Renaissance' with its own more conservative character. Lucca remained an independent republic until 1847 when it became part of
1443:
2158:
The Lucchese School, also known as the School of Lucca and as the Pisan-Lucchese School, was a school of painting and sculpture that flourished in the 11th and 12th centuries in the western and southern part of the region, with an important centre in
3775:. There is also a significant community of British and American residents. As of 2008, the Italian national institute of statistics ISTAT estimated that 275,149 foreign-born immigrants live in Tuscany, equal to 7% of the total regional population.
783:. Tuscany has an area of approximately 22,993 square kilometres (8,878 sq mi). Surrounded and crossed by major mountain chains and with few (but fertile) plains, the region has a relief that is dominated by hilly country used for
4450:
civiltà etrusca, in particolare durante i secoli IX e VIII a.C. e i termini di Villanoviano I, II e III, utilizzati dagli archeologi per scandire le fasi evolutive, costituiscono partizioni convenzionali della prima età del Ferro.
2937:, Dante and their followers. His poetry has some of the faults of the school of d'Arezzo. Nevertheless, he marks a great development in the history of Italian art, especially because of his close connection with Dante's
1578:. Florence was dominated by a series of papal proxies until 1527 when the citizens declared the republic again, only to have it taken from them again in 1530 after a siege by an Imperial and Spanish army. At this point
3426:), a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest, that was founded on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities.
3809:
is exercised by the Regional Government led by the President, who is directly elected by the people. The current Statute, which regulates the functioning of the regional institutions, has been in force since 2005.
1806:
2826:, an organization that currently sponsors major musical activities such as the Siena Music Week and the Alfredo Casella International Composition Competition. Other important musical centres in Tuscany include
1882:
Tuscany has an immense cultural and artistic heritage, expressed in the region's churches, palaces, art galleries, museums, villages, and piazzas. Many of these artifacts are found in the main cities, such as
4164:
4929:
490:
led to its subsequent elaboration as the language of culture throughout Italy. It has been home to many figures influential in the history of art and science, and contains well-known museums such as the
836:
2155:
also meant that many Sienese works in churches and public buildings were not discarded or destroyed by new paintings or rebuilding. Siena remains a remarkably well-preserved Italian late-Medieval town.
3119:
from 1808 to 1814. The Duchy comprised most of the present area of Tuscany, and its capital was Florence. In December 1859, the Grand Duchy officially ceased to exist, being joined to the duchies of
1193:. In northwestern Tuscany, the area between the Arno and Magra rivers was culturally aligned with the Etruscans in the early Iron Age, and came under Ligurian control in the late Iron Age.
7216:
791:), a further 25%, or 5,770 square kilometres (2,230 sq mi). Plains occupy 8.4% of the total area—1,930 square kilometres (750 sq mi)—mainly around the valley of the
1800:, Tuscany once more flourished as a cultural centre of Italy. Since the establishment of the regional government in 1970, Tuscany has always been ruled by centre-left governments.
1856:
1643:
1196:
One reason for the eventual demise of this civilization was the increasing absorption by surrounding cultures, including the adoption of the Etruscan upper class by the Romans.
1378:
was one of the most famous of the Medici. The legacy of his influence is visible today in the prodigious expression of art and architecture in Florence. His famous descendant
1014:
3302:
manufacturing and craft industries are found in the hinterland: the leather and footwear area in the south-west part of the province of Florence, the hot-house plant area in
2110:
between the 13th and 15th centuries and for a time rivaled Florence, though it was more conservative, being inclined towards the decorative beauty and elegant grace of late
787:. Hills make up nearly two-thirds (66.5%) of the region's total area, covering 15,292 square kilometres (5,904 sq mi), and mountains (of which the highest are the
3085:
is perhaps the most well-known internationally. Due to the many British tourists who come to the area where Chianti wine is produced this specific area has been nicknamed "
340:
1731:
6214:
2032:
3115:
issues of the world, and include the most valuable Italian stamp. The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was an independent Italian state from 1569 to 1859 but was occupied by
4168:
878:
4207:
2900:
forms for national motives and Latin forms. He attempted political poetry, and although his work is often obscure, he prepared the way for the Bolognese school.
892:
6246:
4317:
1812:
3387:. In the Tuscan tourist areas, together with the Florentine area, the Etruscan Coast holds the relatively largest share of presences, immediately followed by
2587:
937:
6877:
6229:
3098:
855:
6841:
5771:
5419:
1821:
1363:. Balance between these communes was ensured by the assets they held: Pisa, a port; Siena, banking; and Lucca, banking and silk. But by the time of the
641:, making Tuscany and its capital Florence popular tourist destinations. In 2018, Florence alone had over 5 million arrivals, making it the world's 51st
6975:
4858:
1615:
1562:, the forms of the republic were retained and the Medici ruled without a title, usually without even a formal office. These rulers presided over the
6882:
4679:
4365:
642:
2163:. The art is mostly anonymous. Although not as elegant or delicate as the Florentine School, Lucchese works are remarkable for their monumentality.
1418:
1339:
in central and northern Italy during the 12th and 13th centuries, split the Tuscan people. The two factions gave rise to several powerful and rich
821:
6447:
4876:
970:
2933:, and one in particular, "Al cor gentil" ("To a Kind Heart") is considered the manifesto of the new movement which would bloom in Florence under
2916:
are changed and enlarged. Only those whose heart is pure can be blessed with true love, regardless of class. He refuted the traditional credo of
5022:
3460:
5659:
447:
with an area of about 23,000 square kilometres (8,900 square miles) and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants. The regional capital is
347:
1994:, to name a few. Most of the frescos, sculptures, and paintings in Tuscany are held in the region's abundant churches and cathedrals, such as
1976:
The region contains numerous museums and art galleries, many housing some of the world's most precious works of art. Such museums include the
7125:
6288:
4615:
4723:
2759:. Florence is the main musical centre of Tuscany. The city was at the heart of much of the Western musical tradition. It was there that the
1327:. The food and shelter required by these travellers fuelled the growth of communities around churches and taverns. The conflict between the
6922:
6197:
6005:
5377:
4109:
4089:
952:
6114:
3496:
in Florence, the city's top fashion and shopping street, contains some of the world's most luxurious clothing and jewelry houses, such as
6251:
657:
1574:
oversaw the state. Cardinal Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici retook the city with Spanish forces in 1512, before going to Rome to become
6970:
6555:
6182:
6015:
5776:
4569:
1755:
570:
is the most visited seaside destination in the region, with seaside tourism accounting for approximately 40% of tourist arrivals. The
3759:
make up 93% of the total population. Starting from the 1980s, the region has attracted a large flux of immigrants, particularly from
6202:
6177:
6020:
5318:
5163:
5098:
5069:
4977:
4813:
4644:
4500:
4473:
4442:
4094:
3108:
414:
20:
3417:
1703:
1457:
4660:
4288:
1507:
6574:
5855:
5741:
3739:
2706:
6151:
6698:
6610:
6457:
6452:
6283:
5496:
2771:, fostering the further development of the operatic form, and the later developments of separate "classical" forms such as the
5141:
7226:
6646:
6234:
5711:
5412:
5262:
4245:
4772:
2573:
6897:
6728:
6615:
6146:
6141:
5341:
5206:
4709:
4002:
3938:
3895:
3850:
3483:
2860:
In Tuscany, especially in the Middle Ages, popular love poetry existed. A school of imitators of the Sicilians was led by
2369:
1735:
1583:
1551:
634:
6293:
2985:. The poems today are generally studied not as literature, but for historical context. A fourth allegorical work was the
1835:
6656:
6595:
6580:
6432:
5746:
4104:
1903:
508:
310:
94:
4134:
2071:, and in the 15th century the leading school of the world. Some of the best known artists of the Florentine School are
1204:
Soon after absorbing Etruria (to the north, northeast, east, and a strip to the south), Rome established the cities of
7231:
7000:
6718:
6564:
6346:
6256:
6156:
6042:
6010:
5695:
5252:
4805:
3802:
2823:
2751:
Tuscany has a rich ancient and modern musical tradition, and has produced numerous composers and musicians, including
2007:
1863:
602:
182:
2877:
1789:). Following the fall of Mussolini and the armistice of 8 September 1943, Tuscany became part of the Nazi-controlled
1395:
1181:
from the tenth century BCE, reaching its peak during the seventh and sixth centuries B.C., finally succumbing to the
4190:
7055:
6683:
6503:
6410:
6383:
6318:
6192:
5726:
5652:
3501:
3120:
2147:
1877:
923:
520:
7221:
7085:
6851:
6774:
6738:
5756:
5721:
5716:
5405:
5306:
5227:
3356:
3318:
area. The heavy industries (mining, steel, and mechanical engineering) are concentrated along the coastal strip (
2531:
2347:
2342:
1746:, who let the country be ruled by his son. The dynasty of the Lorena ruled Tuscany until 1860, except during the
1629:
843:
567:
543:
7172:
3432:
2603:
7100:
7090:
7070:
7040:
6995:
6693:
6535:
6467:
6437:
6417:
6298:
5974:
5939:
5736:
3814:
2685:. It became the language of culture for all the people of Italy, thanks to the prestige of the masterpieces of
1542:
From the leading city of Florence, the republic was from 1434 onward dominated by the increasingly monarchical
1068:
1030:
1005:
171:
145:
24:
1587:
1189:
and subsequently Tuscania and Tuscany. While the areas of north-western Tuscany were inhabited by the ancient
6980:
6743:
6600:
6570:
6545:
6462:
6422:
6361:
6260:
6025:
5995:
4391:
1790:
1448:
1379:
1328:
328:
1663:
523:. Having a strong linguistic and cultural identity, it is sometimes considered "a nation within a nation".
6678:
6666:
6442:
6427:
6119:
5761:
5301:
3140:
3104:
2962:
2702:
2698:
2477:
2047:
In the medieval period and the Renaissance, four main Tuscan art schools competed against each other: the
1770:
1727:
1692:
1682:
1649:
1595:
1563:
1496:
908:
516:
487:
483:
4683:
4369:
6985:
6912:
6892:
6806:
6755:
6513:
6493:
6303:
5897:
5865:
5751:
5731:
5645:
5491:
5156:
3466:
3360:
3131:
a few months later in March 1860. In 1862 it became part of Italy and joined the Italian postal system.
2681:) is spoken in Tuscany. The Italian language is based historically on literary Tuscan, specifically the
2313:
2186:
1774:
1559:
1516:
1150:
1130:
1106:
512:
289:
3493:
1635:
1555:
1404:
1375:
2517:
82:
6836:
6651:
6540:
6518:
6172:
6070:
5954:
5822:
5336:
5291:
5211:
5020:
4749:
4273:
3954:
3860:
3790:
2993:
2886:
2237:
2213:
2096:
2072:
1930:
1907:
1603:
1547:
1301:
1256:
1118:
1041:
299:
4331:
3273:
The subsoil in Tuscany is relatively rich in mineral resources, with iron ore, copper, mercury, and
2559:
7120:
7110:
7065:
6831:
6796:
6791:
6508:
6129:
6065:
5985:
5328:
5237:
5216:
4636:
4607:
4402:, episode "The Grasp of an Empire", copyright unknown, rebroadcast 11-12:00 hrs EDST, 29 June 2009.
4034:
3970:
3885:
3870:
3784:
3479:
3128:
2890:
2872:; in the streets of the cities everything that had gone before was treated with ridicule or biting
2760:
2545:
2427:
2288:
2281:
2139:
2131:
2127:
2019:
1758:, a revolution evicted the last Grand Duke, and after a plebiscite, Tuscany became part of the new
1751:
1567:
1512:
1486:
1442:
1056:
606:
598:
463:
157:
4727:
7095:
7080:
7060:
6917:
6858:
6811:
6733:
6590:
6560:
6550:
6525:
6498:
6405:
6398:
6334:
6090:
6085:
5802:
5313:
5273:
5201:
5187:
4099:
3922:
3855:
3794:
2694:
2682:
2174:
2143:
1995:
1982:
1383:
1091:
1019:
1009:
990:
884:
870:
795:. Many of Tuscany's most significant cities lie on the banks of the Arno, including the capital,
788:
776:
761:
479:
2989:, which is sometimes attributed to Compagni but is probably only a translation of French poems.
1698:
3030:
An assortment of Tuscan foods: various wine and cheese, and different sorts of salamis and hams
1185:
by the first century BCE. From the Etruscans, Tuscany took the name of Etruria, Tuscia for the
7045:
7035:
6907:
6821:
6786:
6713:
6703:
6481:
6351:
6265:
6095:
6075:
6049:
6037:
5832:
5827:
5812:
5807:
5792:
5296:
5247:
5242:
5221:
5094:
5065:
4809:
4640:
4611:
4601:
4565:
4496:
4469:
4438:
4395:
4318:"La Maremma regina del turismo. Solo le città d'arte la superano. Castiglione presenze record"
4066:
4050:
3986:
3890:
3880:
3865:
3798:
3497:
3352:
3151:
The unemployment rate stood at 7.3% in 2018 and was slightly lower than the national average.
2896:
Another type of poetry also began in Tuscany. Guittone d'Arezzo made art abandon chivalry and
2783:
2736:
2645:
2470:
2446:
2330:
2135:
2123:
2068:
2048:
2041:
1966:
1747:
1723:
1621:
1501:
1352:
1336:
1141:
630:
4799:
7211:
7115:
6937:
6887:
6868:
6863:
6816:
6723:
6661:
6641:
6629:
6585:
6388:
6368:
6356:
6219:
6187:
6100:
5817:
5680:
5672:
5628:
5428:
5388:
5362:
5286:
5232:
5149:
4836:
4268:
4018:
3875:
3830:
3438:
3392:
3261:
3067:
2934:
2909:
2882:
2807:
2787:
2730:
2710:
2670:
2398:
1942:
1766:
1759:
1739:
1669:
1579:
1340:
1292:
1260:
1135:
1083:
1060:
1037:
1001:
929:
583:
527:
467:
440:
435:
423:
382:
242:
233:
70:
50:
1796:
Following the end of the Social Republic and the transition from the Kingdom to the modern
7025:
7015:
7010:
7005:
6902:
6826:
6688:
6207:
6105:
5990:
5890:
5797:
5511:
5478:
5372:
5357:
5061:
5026:
3806:
3035:
2949:
2930:
2861:
2854:
2811:
2803:
2764:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2686:
2617:
2458:
2249:
2056:
2027:
1999:
1827:
1719:
1482:
1463:
1410:
1324:
1288:
471:
87:
3326:
areas), where there are also important chemical industries. Also of note are the marble (
2857:. Tuscany's literary scene particularly thrived in the 13th century and the Renaissance.
2631:
1925:, the fathers of Italian painting, lived in Florence and Tuscany, as well as Arnolfo and
1793:
and was conquered almost totally by the Anglo-American forces during the summer of 1944.
3845:
3446:
7158:
7105:
7075:
7020:
6927:
6801:
6748:
6708:
6378:
6373:
6224:
6124:
6080:
6032:
5934:
5902:
5860:
5837:
5548:
5486:
5469:
4928:
Regional Statistical Office of the Tuscany Region, Tuscany region (12 September 2019).
4664:
3818:
3124:
3026:
3015:
2997:
2718:
2674:
2664:
2362:
2337:
2264:
2119:
2064:
2052:
2037:
2023:
2003:
1782:
1778:
1711:
1571:
1312:
1236:
1224:
1033:
977:
862:
828:
812:
772:
737:
638:
622:
591:
60:
7205:
7030:
6671:
6241:
5929:
5907:
5766:
5600:
5436:
5125:
5047:
5043:
5000:"I Borghi più belli d'Italia, la guida online ai piccoli centri dell'Italia nascosta"
3396:
3112:
3059:
3002:
2974:
2609:
2537:
2507:
2497:
2487:
2376:
2092:
1987:
1962:
1950:
1926:
1892:
1847:
1743:
1468:
1371:
757:
626:
610:
551:
496:
444:
318:
167:
3488:
2842:
1491:
1297:
653:
458:
Tuscany is known for its landscapes, history, artistic legacy, and its influence on
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6000:
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5924:
5519:
5090:
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2084:
2080:
1970:
1954:
1946:
1707:
1370:
One family that benefitted from Florence's growing wealth and power was the ruling
1240:
1228:
1186:
1182:
1158:
768:
594:
are also internationally renowned and particularly popular spots among travellers.
459:
4434:
Gli etruschi tra VIII e VII secolo a.C. nel territorio di Castelfranco Emilia (MO)
3414:
Tuscany has many small and picturesque villages, 29 of them have been selected by
2853:
Several famous writers and poets are from Tuscany, most notably Florentine author
1177:
well into prehistory. The civilization grew to fill the area between the Arno and
5080:
5051:
4490:
4463:
4432:
7050:
6990:
6960:
6313:
5944:
5557:
5367:
4902:
4776:
3833:". Since 1970, Tuscany has been continuously governed by left-wing governments.
3055:
3021:
2410:
2357:
2206:
1532:
1431:
1390:
1364:
1166:
784:
5121:
109:
6308:
5917:
5575:
5086:
5057:
3384:
3314:, and the processing of timber for the manufacture of wooden furniture in the
3286:
2905:
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2492:
2453:
2420:
2381:
2259:
2111:
2088:
1958:
1654:
1575:
1248:
1114:
1064:
1026:
958:
866:
7187:
7174:
1117:
developed in the late Villanovan (paralleling Greece and the Aegean) before "
19:
This article is about the Italian province. For various medieval states, see
4955:
4142:
3380:
3364:
3311:
3043:
2741:
2391:
2386:
2318:
2254:
2196:
2151:
2076:
1934:
1842:
1425:
1264:
1252:
1232:
1162:
962:
280:
4859:"Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018"
3058:
appear in October and November. Beef of the highest quality comes from the
2713:, when it was formed. Many Tuscan terms are also common in the dialects of
4978:"Borghi più belli d'Italia. Le 14 novità 2023, dal Trentino alla Calabria"
6965:
6950:
6945:
6846:
5880:
5875:
5608:
5585:
5580:
5534:
5529:
3756:
3404:
3400:
3368:
3344:
3290:
3282:
3063:
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2913:
2912:
was the poet after the new fashion of the art. In his work, the ideas of
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2865:
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2831:
2772:
2690:
2565:
2415:
2323:
2308:
2303:
2244:
2230:
2220:
2160:
2100:
1991:
1938:
1884:
1599:
1528:
1520:
1348:
1268:
1217:
1110:
1087:
944:
915:
796:
587:
559:
539:
475:
448:
130:
4603:
Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present
3127:
to form the United Provinces of Central Italy, which was annexed by the
2763:
convened in the mid-16th century and experimented with setting tales of
470:. The prestige established by the Tuscan dialect's use in literature by
5980:
5912:
5565:
5524:
5281:
5174:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3521:
3513:
3509:
3388:
3376:
3327:
3319:
3315:
3303:
3274:
3266:
3082:
3051:
3047:
2925:
2901:
2873:
2815:
2799:
2651:
2551:
2439:
2298:
2293:
2225:
2191:
2063:
The Florentine School refers to artists in, from, or influenced by the
1918:
1786:
1762:. From 1864 to 1870 Florence became the second capital of the kingdom.
1687:
1536:
1308:
1190:
1174:
899:
847:
733:
571:
504:
223:
6605:
5613:
5590:
5570:
5501:
5459:
5449:
3826:
3822:
3116:
3039:
3006:), creating the model for what became a standard for modern Italian.
2966:
2869:
2779:
2714:
2637:
2523:
2482:
2434:
2274:
2269:
2181:
2115:
1977:
1922:
1543:
1344:
1332:
1320:
1276:
1170:
800:
753:
745:
741:
618:
535:
492:
306:
285:
4930:"Tuscany between accommodation supply and demand: summary data 2019"
3111:, produced two postage stamp issues which are among the most prized
2067:
style developed in the 14th century, largely through the efforts of
1891:, but also in smaller villages scattered around the region, such as
5397:
5136:
4999:
1566:. There was a return to the republic from 1494 to 1512, when first
5885:
5668:
5444:
3841:
Tuscany is divided into nine provinces and one Metropolitan City:
3760:
3526:
3505:
3487:
3372:
3331:
3307:
3260:
3042:, bread, cheese, vegetables, mushrooms, and fresh fruit are used.
3025:
2970:
2841:
2819:
2795:
2768:
2740:
2623:
2593:
2502:
2463:
2352:
2201:
2107:
2031:
1902:
1888:
1797:
1697:
1686:
1506:
1490:
1360:
1296:
1272:
1244:
1213:
1205:
1178:
1134:
1013:
749:
652:
614:
579:
575:
563:
555:
531:
120:
5637:
5130:
1067:, and, at the end of the Bronze Age, by peoples of the so-called
6393:
5870:
3555:
3452:
3408:
3348:
3323:
3075:
2827:
2579:
2405:
1356:
1316:
1209:
804:
792:
780:
547:
500:
361:
5641:
5401:
5145:
4543:
4541:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4408:
1231:
collapsed in the fifth century, and the region fell briefly to
1173:
and to produce vibrant art. The Etruscans lived in the area of
2885:
of Siena, the oldest humorist we know, a far-off precursor of
4724:"Florence Art Tours, Florence Museums, Florence Architecture"
3107:, an independent Italian state until 1859 when it joined the
3081:
Wine is a famous and common produce of Tuscany. The red wine
1730:. The Medici family became extinct in 1737 with the death of
5261:
3550:
1036:. The Tuscan area was inhabited by peoples of the so-called
1025:
The pre-Etruscan history of the area in the middle and late
764:, has an exclave named Ca' Raffaello within Emilia-Romagna.
732:
Roughly triangular in shape, Tuscany borders the regions of
406:
400:
4289:"Le sei regioni italiane più visitate. La top 20 europea"
3000:
published the Tuscan poets Petrarch and Dante Alighieri (
2705:. It would later become the official language of all the
391:
4465:
La cultura villanoviana: all'inizio della storia etrusca
4191:"Population on 1 January by age, sex and NUTS 2 region"
1539:
was bought in 1421 and became the harbour of Florence.
1367:, Florence had become the cultural capital of Tuscany.
1109:, saw Tuscany, and the rest of Etruria, taken over by
4246:"storia della lingua in 'Enciclopedia dell'Italiano'"
676: B: 80 < Im < 100
415:
403:
397:
394:
4208:"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"
388:
6936:
6773:
6628:
6480:
6333:
6276:
6165:
6152:
Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
6058:
5967:
5848:
5785:
5704:
5688:
5679:
5599:
5556:
5547:
5510:
5477:
5468:
5435:
5350:
5327:
5272:
5186:
385:
356:
346:
327:
317:
296:
279:
271:
266:
258:
253:
222:
214:
206:
201:
193:
188:
178:
163:
153:
141:
136:
126:
116:
37:
2118:, whose work shows Byzantine influence; his pupil
4726:. Travelguide.affordabletours.com. Archived from
2798:hosted possibly the greatest Italian composer of
996:Apennine, Proto-Villanovan and Villanovan culture
7217:NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union
4706:Fighting the Plague in Seventeenth Century Italy
4633:The Black Death, 1346-1353: The Complete History
4233:The European Renaissance: Centre and Peripheries
1086:system. Following this, at the beginning of the
4547:
4418:
2778:There are numerous musical centres in Tuscany.
1602:and other strategic towns constituted the tiny
716:: −33,3 < Im < 0
4801:The Other Italy: The Literary Canon in Dialect
4312:
4310:
2944:In the 13th century, there were several major
1750:, when most of the country was annexed to the
1523:1498 — painting depicting Renaissance Florence
5653:
5413:
5157:
4903:"Tasso di disoccupazione - livello regionale"
3415:
3306:, the ceramics and textile industries in the
2767:to music and staging, resulting in the first
2114:. Its most important representatives include
2106:The Sienese School of painting flourished in
1769:, the area came under the dominance of local
692:: 20 < Im < 80
597:Eight Tuscan localities have been designated
42:
8:
3541:
3099:Postage stamps and postal history of Tuscany
2881:half-fun and half-satire, as is the work of
2786:, the 11th-century monk who invented modern
1161:in this region, large enough to establish a
704:: 0 < Im < 20
3813:Tuscany is a stronghold of the centre-left
1429:
1055:BC) who had trading relationships with the
6779:
6634:
6486:
6339:
5685:
5660:
5646:
5638:
5553:
5474:
5420:
5406:
5398:
5164:
5150:
5142:
4583:
4581:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4352:
3902:
3540:
2977:, wrote two little allegorical poems, the
1929:, renewers of architecture and sculpture;
1323:brought wealth and development during the
1223:The Roman civilization in the West of the
779:, of which the most significant island is
462:. It is regarded as the birthplace of the
34:
4332:"Top 100 City Destinations: 2019 Edition"
4661:"The Economic Impact of the Black Death"
4492:The Etruscans: A Very Short Introduction
4382:Text finalised in March 2004 - Eurostat.
3153:
2983:Del reggimento e dei costumi delle donne
2965:, a learned lawyer who was secretary to
2782:is indelibly connected with the name of
1255:), then was re-conquered by the revived
4126:
3428:
2952:, who was a close friend of Dante. His
2599:
2513:
1802:
1706:, in which 560 locals were murdered by
1611:
1531:, is regarded as the birthplace of the
1400:
817:
767:Tuscany has a western coastline on the
637:(2021). Tuscany has over 120 protected
355:
345:
316:
278:
265:
252:
221:
200:
187:
135:
125:
115:
106:
76:
5131:Official website of the Tuscany Region
4437:(in Italian). All’Insegna del Giglio.
1590:as the first formal hereditary ruler.
197:22,985 km (8,875 sq mi)
4877:"Unemployment rate by NUTS 2 regions"
4682:. About.com Education. Archived from
4587:
4532:
2794:system of naming notes of the scale;
1105:BC), regarded as the oldest phase of
724: D: Im < −33,3
434:
326:
295:
270:
257:
213:
205:
192:
177:
162:
152:
140:
7:
6198:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
5378:Neoclassical architecture in Tuscany
5082:Adventure Guide Tuscany & Umbria
4773:"Artists of the Italian Renaissance"
4722:Miner, Jennifer (2 September 2008).
4110:Neoclassical architecture in Tuscany
3424:The most beautiful Villages of Italy
4835:Granacki, Alyssa. Duke University.
4269:"The road in Tuscany: a commentary"
3753:glass, paper and clothing sectors.
3310:area, scooters, and motorcycles in
668: A: Im > 200
658:Thornthwaite climate classification
526:Tuscany is the second-most-popular
1941:, forefathers of the Renaissance;
1756:Second Italian War of Independence
1722:, rulers of Florence, annexed the
1267:. In the years following 572, the
1235:migrating through the Empire from
14:
4750:"Florentine Art and Architecture"
4366:"TOSCANA - Geography and history"
4095:List of municipalities of Tuscany
3829:the so-called Italian political "
3109:United Provinces of Central Italy
3062:, specifically, a breed known as
2957:which we shall find again in the
1734:, and Tuscany was transferred to
1082:BC) part of the central European
617:(1995); the historical centre of
613:(1990); the historical centre of
609:(1987); the historical centre of
7154:
7153:
7142:
5173:
5137:Tuscany official tourism website
5115:
4808:. pp. 12–14, 25, 179, 202.
4165:"Statistiche demografiche ISTAT"
4135:"Statistiche demografiche ISTAT"
3844:
3459:
3445:
3431:
2846:Tuscan poet and literary figure
2644:
2630:
2616:
2602:
2586:
2572:
2558:
2544:
2530:
2516:
1855:
1834:
1820:
1805:
1742:and husband of Austrian Empress
1662:
1642:
1628:
1614:
1456:
1441:
1417:
1403:
1275:the capital of their subsequent
969:
951:
936:
922:
907:
891:
877:
854:
835:
820:
752:to the south and southeast. The
499:. Tuscany is also known for its
381:
108:
93:
81:
6883:Orders, decorations, and medals
4631:Benedictow, Ole Jørgen (2004).
4267:Hewlett, Maurice Henry (1904).
3289:, and the vast marble mines in
1702:Memorial to the victims of the
1965:, and the universal genius of
1704:Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre
466:and of the foundations of the
1:
5342:List of presidents of Tuscany
4980:(in Italian). 16 January 2023
4958:(in Italian). 5 December 2016
4710:University of Wisconsin Press
4003:Province of Massa and Carrara
3939:Metropolitan City of Florence
3484:Fashion designers of Florence
3050:and Frantoiano olives. White
3034:Simplicity is central to the
2904:was the city of science, and
2370:province of Massa and Carrara
1815:, first Grand Duke of Tuscany
1165:infrastructure, to implement
1095:
1072:
1045:
635:the Great Spa Towns of Europe
538:. The main tourist spots are
5497:Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
4562:The Peoples of Ancient Italy
3330:area) and paper industries (
2055:, the Pisan School, and the
1382:married Prince Henry (later
509:Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
6923:Water supply and sanitation
6347:Italian geographical region
6215:Monarchy and the World Wars
6157:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
6043:War of the Sicilian Vespers
5696:Timeline of Italian history
5120:Geographic data related to
4839:. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
4806:University of Toronto Press
4798:Haller, Hermann W. (1999).
4564:. de Gruyter. p. 371.
4548:Barker & Rasmussen 2000
4489:Smith, Christopher (2014).
4419:Barker & Rasmussen 2000
4090:Cities and towns in Tuscany
3803:Regional Council of Tuscany
3418:I Borghi più belli d'Italia
3103:Between 1851 and 1860, the
2824:Accademia Musicale Chigiana
2008:Collegiata di San Gimignano
1980:, which keeps Botticelli's
1598:by the will of its people.
603:historic Centre of Florence
7248:
6842:Inventions and discoveries
6252:Fall of the Fascist regime
6235:Fourth War of Independence
6193:Expedition of the Thousand
6183:Second War of Independence
4837:Brunetto Latini, Tesoretto
4704:Cipolla, Carlo M. (1981).
4295:(in Italian). 10 July 2014
3782:
3477:
3096:
3019:
3013:
2734:
2728:
2662:
2017:
1878:List of museums in Tuscany
1875:
1680:
1480:
1331:, factions supporting the
1286:
1157:) created the first major
1128:
999:
988:
521:Vernaccia di San Gimignano
18:
7138:
6782:
6637:
6616:Security and intelligence
6489:
6342:
6203:Third War of Independence
6178:First War of Independence
5626:
5386:
5259:
4462:Bartoloni, Gilda (2002).
4336:Euromonitor International
3843:
3737:
3568:—
3423:
3357:Castiglione della Pescaia
2348:Castiglione di Garfagnana
2343:Castelnuovo di Garfagnana
1718:In the 16th century, the
1546:family. Initially, under
1145:, Etruscan bronze, 400 BC
844:Castiglione della Pescaia
827:Typical landscape of the
627:Medici Villas and Gardens
568:Castiglione della Pescaia
544:Castiglione della Pescaia
229:
107:
77:
68:
6294:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus
6289:Institutional referendum
4663:. EH.Net. Archived from
4600:Kohn, George C. (2008).
3837:Administrative divisions
3046:is made up of Moraiolo,
2878:Folgóre da San Gimignano
1069:Proto-Villanovan culture
1006:Proto-Villanovan culture
607:Cathedral square of Pisa
179: • Legislature
41:
25:Tuscany (disambiguation)
6817:Emigration and diaspora
6026:Guelphs and Ghibellines
6011:the Sardinian Judicates
5025:2 February 2009 at the
4678:Snell, Melissa (2006).
4560:D Farney, Gary (2017).
4468:(in Italian). Carocci.
3779:Government and politics
2908:poetry appeared there.
1791:Italian Social Republic
1609:under Spanish control.
1511:Hanging and burning of
1329:Guelphs and Ghibellines
1271:arrived and designated
275:€114.615 billion (2021)
218:160/km (420/sq mi)
6699:Science and technology
6647:Italian regions by GDP
6448:Marine protected areas
6120:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
5302:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
5266:
3517:
3416:
3270:
3141:gross domestic product
3105:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
3031:
2963:Francesco da Barberino
2850:
2822:is well known for the
2748:
2703:Francesco Guicciardini
2044:
1913:
1728:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1715:
1695:
1693:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1683:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1596:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1564:Florentine Renaissance
1524:
1504:
1430:
1305:
1146:
1029:parallels that of the
1022:
861:Tuscan landscape near
729:
517:Brunello di Montalcino
488:Francesco Guicciardini
427:
246:
237:
164: • President
43:
23:. For other uses, see
7227:Wine regions of Italy
7188:43.77139°N 11.25417°E
6898:Public administration
6006:the Holy Roman Empire
5492:Friuli-Venezia Giulia
5265:
4680:"The Great Mortality"
4400:Rome: Power and Glory
4398:) documentary series
4212:hdi.globaldatalab.org
3542:Historical population
3491:
3467:Maremma Regional Park
3407:), Terre di Pisa and
3264:
3029:
2992:In the 15th century,
2948:. One of these is by
2929:make up the bible of
2845:
2744:
2187:Castiglion Fiorentino
2168:Main artistic centres
2035:
1906:
1777:(from Florence), and
1775:Dino Perrone Compagni
1701:
1690:
1588:Alessandro de' Medici
1560:Piero the Unfortunate
1517:Piazza della Signoria
1510:
1494:
1481:Further information:
1386:) of France in 1533.
1311:travelling along the
1300:
1138:
1131:Etruscan civilization
1107:Etruscan civilization
1063:civilizations in the
1018:Cinerary urns of the
1017:
842:Sunflower field near
775:, among which is the
656:
513:Morellino di Scansano
298: • Summer (
7126:World Heritage Sites
6581:Council of Ministers
6319:Coronavirus pandemic
5717:Currency and coinage
5337:Elections in Tuscany
5292:Republic of Florence
5079:Jones, Emma (2005).
4770:Renaissance Artists
4637:Boydell & Brewer
4431:Neri, Diana (2012).
4274:Macmillan Publishers
3955:Province of Grosseto
3791:President of Tuscany
2669:Apart from standard
2238:Province of Grosseto
2214:province of Florence
2036:A painting from the
1527:Tuscany, especially
1380:Catherine de' Medici
1302:Battle of Montaperti
1263:) under the Emperor
1257:Eastern Roman Empire
1042:second millennium BC
599:World Heritage Sites
259: • Italian
215: • Density
7184: /
6657:Automotive industry
6596:Metropolitan cities
6142:Early Modern period
6115:Kingdom of Sardinia
6066:Italian city-states
5307:Monarchs of Tuscany
4779:on 24 November 2010
4752:. Annenberg Learner
4608:Infobase Publishing
4171:on 22 February 2021
4105:People from Tuscany
4035:Province of Pistoia
3971:Province of Livorno
3817:(PD), forming with
3785:Politics of Tuscany
3543:
3480:Fashion in Florence
3129:Kingdom of Sardinia
2891:Michel de Montaigne
2761:Florentine Camerata
2699:Niccolò Machiavelli
2478:Colle di Val d'Elsa
2428:province of Pistoia
2289:Campiglia Marittima
2282:province of Livorno
2128:Ambrogio Lorenzetti
2020:Florentine painting
1813:Cosimo I de' Medici
1650:Niccolò Machiavelli
1568:Girolamo Savonarola
1513:Girolamo Savonarola
1487:Italian Renaissance
976:Hilly landscape in
943:Fallow deer in the
484:Niccolò Machiavelli
464:Italian Renaissance
436:[tosˈkaːna]
7232:Villanovan culture
7193:43.77139; 11.25417
6719:Telecommunications
6086:Maritime republics
5629:Autonomous regions
5314:Kingdom of Etruria
5267:
4730:on 29 January 2010
4100:Tuscan Archipelago
3923:Province of Arezzo
3795:head of government
3518:
3494:Via de' Tornabuoni
3277:mines, the famous
3271:
3078:is also produced.
3032:
2851:
2749:
2717:and some parts of
2695:Giovanni Boccaccio
2683:Florentine dialect
2175:province of Arezzo
2144:Matteo di Giovanni
2045:
1996:Florence Cathedral
1983:The Birth of Venus
1914:
1866:in Florence (1944)
1716:
1696:
1636:Lorenzo de' Medici
1525:
1505:
1376:Lorenzo de' Medici
1306:
1147:
1092:Villanovan culture
1023:
1020:Villanovan culture
1010:Villanovan culture
991:History of Tuscany
945:Padule di Bolgheri
885:Lake Massaciuccoli
871:Apennine Mountains
777:Tuscan Archipelago
762:Province of Arezzo
756:(municipality) of
736:to the northwest,
730:
530:for travellers in
480:Giovanni Boccaccio
272: • Total
207: • Total
194: • Total
7167:
7166:
7134:
7133:
6769:
6768:
6704:Southern question
6624:
6623:
6556:Political parties
6504:Foreign relations
6476:
6475:
6329:
6328:
6050:Kingdom of Naples
6038:Kingdom of Sicily
5635:
5634:
5622:
5621:
5543:
5542:
5395:
5394:
5297:Duchy of Florence
4667:on 13 March 2010.
4617:978-0-8160-6935-4
4396:Discovery Network
4320:. 8 October 2015.
4081:
4080:
4067:Province of Siena
4051:Province of Prato
3987:Province of Lucca
3917:(inhabitants/km)
3831:Red Quadrilateral
3801:is vested in the
3799:Legislative power
3746:
3745:
3353:Montecatini Terme
3265:Vineyards in the
3254:
3253:
3205:unemployment rate
3147:Unemployment rate
3070:. The indigenous
2979:Documenti d'amore
2946:allegorical poems
2887:François Rabelais
2737:Music of Florence
2471:province of Siena
2447:province of Prato
2377:Massa and Carrara
2331:province of Lucca
2136:Taddeo di Bartolo
2069:Giotto di Bondone
2049:Florentine School
2042:Pietro Lorenzetti
1967:Leonardo da Vinci
1748:Napoleonic period
1724:Republic of Siena
1622:Leonardo da Vinci
1341:medieval communes
1337:Holy Roman Empire
1142:Chimera of Arezzo
748:to the east, and
643:most visited city
631:Montecatini Terme
374:
373:
154: • Body
146:President–council
142: • Type
7239:
7222:Regions of Italy
7199:
7198:
7196:
7195:
7194:
7189:
7185:
7182:
7181:
7180:
7177:
7157:
7156:
7149:Italy portal
7146:
7145:
7086:National symbols
6780:
6635:
6487:
6340:
6220:Kingdom of Italy
6147:Napoleonic Italy
5686:
5662:
5655:
5648:
5639:
5554:
5475:
5429:Regions of Italy
5422:
5415:
5408:
5399:
5319:United Provinces
5287:March of Tuscany
5253:List of communes
5178:
5177:
5166:
5159:
5152:
5143:
5119:
5118:
5104:
5075:
5029:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4974:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4952:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4941:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4914:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4855:
4849:
4846:
4840:
4833:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4795:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4775:. Archived from
4768:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4746:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4719:
4713:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4686:on 10 March 2009
4675:
4669:
4668:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4628:
4622:
4621:
4597:
4591:
4585:
4576:
4575:
4557:
4551:
4545:
4536:
4530:
4507:
4506:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4428:
4422:
4416:
4403:
4392:Military Channel
4389:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4368:. Archived from
4362:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4314:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4242:
4236:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4195:www.ec.europa.eu
4187:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4167:. Archived from
4161:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4141:. Archived from
4131:
4019:Province of Pisa
3903:
3848:
3815:Democratic Party
3557:
3552:
3544:
3520:The fashion and
3463:
3449:
3439:Monte Argentario
3435:
3425:
3421:
3393:Monte Argentario
3154:
3068:Florentine steak
2910:Guido Guinizelli
2883:Cecco Angiolieri
2808:Alfredo Catalani
2788:musical notation
2731:Music of Tuscany
2711:Kingdom of Italy
2679:dialetto toscano
2648:
2634:
2620:
2606:
2590:
2576:
2562:
2548:
2534:
2520:
2399:province of Pisa
1864:Italian partisan
1859:
1838:
1824:
1809:
1798:Italian Republic
1773:leaders such as
1767:Benito Mussolini
1760:Kingdom of Italy
1740:Duke of Lorraine
1712:Italian Fascists
1670:Amerigo Vespucci
1666:
1646:
1632:
1618:
1580:Pope Clement VII
1466:, author of the
1460:
1449:Battle of Giglio
1445:
1435:
1421:
1407:
1293:March of Tuscany
1261:Byzantine Empire
1104:
1100:
1097:
1084:Urnfield culture
1081:
1077:
1074:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1038:Apennine culture
1002:Apennine culture
973:
955:
940:
930:Monte Argentario
926:
911:
895:
881:
858:
839:
824:
760:, in the Tuscan
725:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
683:
677:
675:
669:
667:
468:Italian language
438:
433:
418:
413:
412:
409:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
370:
367:
365:
363:
338:
303:
231:
183:Regional Council
158:Regional Cabinet
112:
97:
85:
54:
46:
35:
21:Duchy of Tuscany
7247:
7246:
7242:
7241:
7240:
7238:
7237:
7236:
7202:
7201:
7192:
7190:
7186:
7183:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7171:
7170:
7168:
7163:
7143:
7130:
7101:Public holidays
6932:
6878:Life expectancy
6765:
6620:
6536:Law enforcement
6472:
6325:
6272:
6261:Social Republic
6225:Colonial Empire
6208:Capture of Rome
6161:
6054:
5963:
5856:Ancient peoples
5844:
5781:
5742:Historic states
5700:
5675:
5666:
5636:
5631:
5618:
5595:
5539:
5506:
5464:
5431:
5426:
5396:
5391:
5382:
5346:
5323:
5268:
5257:
5224:
5193:
5191:
5189:
5182:
5172:
5170:
5116:
5112:
5107:
5101:
5078:
5072:
5042:
5038:
5033:
5032:
5027:Wayback Machine
5019:
5015:
5005:
5003:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4983:
4981:
4976:
4975:
4971:
4961:
4959:
4954:
4953:
4949:
4939:
4937:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4912:
4910:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4886:
4884:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4857:
4856:
4852:
4848:Piras, 221-239.
4847:
4843:
4834:
4830:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4782:
4780:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4755:
4753:
4748:
4747:
4743:
4733:
4731:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4703:
4699:
4689:
4687:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4647:
4639:. p. 303.
4630:
4629:
4625:
4618:
4610:. p. 126.
4599:
4598:
4594:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4546:
4539:
4531:
4510:
4503:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4476:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4445:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4417:
4406:
4390:
4386:
4375:
4373:
4372:on 21 July 2011
4364:
4363:
4350:
4340:
4338:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4316:
4315:
4308:
4298:
4296:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4251:
4249:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4230:
4226:
4216:
4214:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4174:
4172:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4148:
4146:
4145:on 18 July 2020
4133:
4132:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4086:
3916:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3839:
3807:executive power
3787:
3781:
3539:
3486:
3476:
3469:
3464:
3455:
3450:
3441:
3436:
3340:
3299:
3259:
3207:
3149:
3137:
3101:
3095:
3024:
3018:
3012:
2950:Brunetto Latini
2931:Dolce Stil Novo
2862:Dante da Maiano
2855:Dante Alighieri
2840:
2812:Pietro Mascagni
2804:Giacomo Puccini
2765:Greek mythology
2757:Pietro Mascagni
2753:Giacomo Puccini
2746:Giacomo Puccini
2739:
2733:
2727:
2687:Dante Alighieri
2667:
2661:
2654:
2649:
2640:
2635:
2626:
2621:
2612:
2607:
2596:
2591:
2582:
2577:
2568:
2563:
2554:
2549:
2540:
2535:
2526:
2521:
2512:
2459:Poggio a Caiano
2250:Massa Marittima
2170:
2057:Lucchese School
2030:
2028:Lucchese School
2018:Main articles:
2016:
2000:Siena Cathedral
1908:Michelangelo's
1901:
1880:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1851:
1839:
1830:
1828:Galileo Galilei
1825:
1816:
1810:
1726:, creating the
1685:
1679:
1672:
1667:
1658:
1647:
1638:
1633:
1624:
1619:
1552:Piero the Gouty
1489:
1483:The Renaissance
1479:
1472:
1464:Dante Alighieri
1461:
1452:
1446:
1437:
1422:
1413:
1411:Guido of Arezzo
1408:
1394:ravaged by the
1325:medieval period
1295:
1289:Duchy of Tuscia
1285:
1283:Medieval period
1202:
1133:
1127:
1119:Orientalization
1102:
1098:
1079:
1075:
1052:
1048:
1012:
1000:Main articles:
998:
993:
987:
980:
974:
965:
956:
947:
941:
932:
927:
918:
912:
903:
896:
887:
882:
873:
859:
850:
840:
831:
825:
728:
721:
720:
715:
709:
708:
703:
697:
696:
691:
687:
681:
680:
673:
672:
665:
664:
651:
639:nature reserves
472:Dante Alighieri
431:
416:
384:
380:
360:
336:
335:
297:
241:
232:
147:
103:
102:
101:
100:
91:
90:
73:
64:
55:
48:
40:
33:
32:Region in Italy
28:
17:
16:Region of Italy
12:
11:
5:
7245:
7243:
7235:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7204:
7203:
7165:
7164:
7162:
7161:
7151:
7139:
7136:
7135:
7132:
7131:
7129:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6942:
6940:
6934:
6933:
6931:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6874:
6873:
6872:
6871:
6856:
6855:
6854:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6783:
6777:
6771:
6770:
6767:
6766:
6764:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6752:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6709:Stock exchange
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6675:
6674:
6669:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6638:
6632:
6626:
6625:
6622:
6621:
6619:
6618:
6613:
6611:Municipalities
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6571:Prime Minister
6568:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6522:
6521:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6490:
6484:
6478:
6477:
6474:
6473:
6471:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6458:Regional parks
6455:
6453:National parks
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6414:
6413:
6403:
6402:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6365:
6364:
6362:Climate change
6354:
6349:
6343:
6337:
6331:
6330:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6280:
6278:
6274:
6273:
6271:
6270:
6269:
6268:
6263:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6238:
6237:
6227:
6222:
6212:
6211:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6169:
6167:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6138:
6137:
6127:
6125:Duchy of Savoy
6122:
6117:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6109:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6062:
6060:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6052:
6047:
6046:
6045:
6035:
6033:Lombard League
6030:
6029:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5971:
5969:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5961:
5960:
5959:
5958:
5957:
5955:Western Empire
5947:
5942:
5940:Roman conquest
5937:
5932:
5922:
5921:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5894:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5861:Italic peoples
5852:
5850:
5846:
5845:
5843:
5842:
5841:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5789:
5787:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5708:
5706:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5692:
5690:
5683:
5677:
5676:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5657:
5650:
5642:
5633:
5632:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5616:
5611:
5605:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5562:
5560:
5551:
5549:Southern Italy
5545:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5516:
5514:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5487:Emilia-Romagna
5483:
5481:
5472:
5470:Northern Italy
5466:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5441:
5439:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5417:
5410:
5402:
5393:
5392:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5354:
5352:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5333:
5331:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5278:
5276:
5270:
5269:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5198:
5196:
5184:
5183:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5161:
5154:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5134:
5128:
5111:
5110:External links
5108:
5106:
5105:
5099:
5076:
5070:
5048:Rasmussen, Tom
5044:Barker, Graeme
5039:
5037:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5013:
4991:
4969:
4947:
4934:Tuscany region
4920:
4894:
4868:
4850:
4841:
4828:
4814:
4790:
4763:
4741:
4714:
4697:
4670:
4652:
4645:
4623:
4616:
4592:
4577:
4571:978-1614515203
4570:
4552:
4537:
4508:
4501:
4495:. OUP Oxford.
4481:
4474:
4454:
4443:
4423:
4404:
4384:
4348:
4323:
4306:
4293:www.rainews.it
4280:
4259:
4237:
4224:
4199:
4182:
4156:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3838:
3835:
3819:Emilia-Romagna
3783:Main article:
3780:
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3097:Main article:
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3093:Postage stamps
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3036:Tuscan cuisine
3016:Tuscan cuisine
3014:Main article:
3011:
3008:
2998:Aldus Manutius
2996:and publisher
2839:
2836:
2806:together with
2784:Guido d'Arezzo
2729:Main article:
2726:
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2719:Emilia Romagna
2707:Italian states
2675:Tuscan dialect
2665:Tuscan dialect
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2053:Sienese School
2038:Sienese School
2024:Sienese School
2015:
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2004:Pisa Cathedral
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1313:Via Francigena
1284:
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1251:and Western -
1237:Eastern Europe
1225:Roman Republic
1201:
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1129:Main article:
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989:Main article:
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898:A view of the
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584:Chianti region
572:Maremma region
566:. The town of
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6188:Niçard exodus
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5126:OpenStreetMap
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5100:1-58843-399-4
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5053:The Etruscans
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4907:dati.istat.it
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3397:Giglio Island
3394:
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3113:classic stamp
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3065:
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3060:Chiana Valley
3057:
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3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3028:
3023:
3017:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3004:
3003:Divine Comedy
2999:
2995:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2959:Divine Comedy
2955:
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2936:
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2928:
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2923:Guinizelli's
2921:
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2906:philosophical
2903:
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2639:
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2628:
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2619:
2614:
2611:
2610:San Gimignano
2605:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2584:
2581:
2575:
2570:
2567:
2561:
2556:
2553:
2547:
2542:
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2538:Montefioralle
2533:
2528:
2525:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2508:Monteriggioni
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2498:San Gimignano
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2488:Montepulciano
2486:
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2476:
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2203:
2200:
2198:
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2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2167:
2162:
2157:
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2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
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2109:
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2098:
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2090:
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2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1988:Palazzo Pitti
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1963:Paolo Uccello
1960:
1956:
1952:
1951:Filippo Lippi
1948:
1947:Della Robbias
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1927:Andrea Pisano
1924:
1920:
1912:
1911:
1905:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1893:San Gimignano
1890:
1886:
1879:
1871:
1865:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1848:Carlo Collodi
1846:, created by
1845:
1844:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1752:French Empire
1749:
1745:
1744:Maria Theresa
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1694:
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1645:
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1637:
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1626:
1623:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1604:State of the
1601:
1597:
1591:
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1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
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1557:
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1518:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
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1476:
1471:
1470:
1469:Divine Comedy
1465:
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1454:
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1444:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1427:
1420:
1415:
1412:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1384:King Henry II
1381:
1377:
1373:
1372:Medici family
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
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1303:
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1215:
1211:
1207:
1199:
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1164:
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1120:
1116:
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1085:
1070:
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1062:
1058:
1043:
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1011:
1007:
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984:
979:
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967:
964:
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954:
949:
946:
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920:
917:
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905:
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894:
889:
886:
880:
875:
872:
868:
864:
857:
852:
849:
845:
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833:
830:
823:
818:
816:
814:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
765:
763:
759:
758:Badia Tedalda
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
719:
707:
695:
679:
671:
663:
662:
659:
655:
648:
646:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
611:San Gimignano
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
552:San Gimignano
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
497:Palazzo Pitti
494:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
454:
450:
446:
445:central Italy
442:
437:
429:
425:
421:
420:
411:
378:
369:
359:
351:
349:
342:
333:
330:
322:
320:
319:ISO 3166 code
312:
308:
305:
301:
291:
287:
284:
282:
274:
261:
248:
244:
239:
235:
227:
225:
217:
209:
196:
184:
181:
173:
169:
168:Eugenio Giani
166:
159:
156:
149:
144:
132:
129:
122:
119:
111:
96:
89:
84:
72:
67:
62:
58:
52:
45:
36:
30:
26:
22:
7169:
6986:Architecture
6956:Quattrocento
6913:Social class
6893:Prostitution
6807:Demographics
6729:Trade unions
6672:Central Bank
6514:Human rights
6494:Constitution
6277:Contemporary
6247:World War II
6135:Italian Wars
6059:Early modern
6001:Papal States
5979:Italy under
5925:Ancient Rome
5520:Aosta Valley
5454:
5190:metropolitan
5179:
5133:(in Italian)
5081:
5052:
5016:
5004:. Retrieved
5002:(in Italian)
4994:
4982:. Retrieved
4972:
4960:. Retrieved
4950:
4938:. Retrieved
4936:(in Italian)
4933:
4923:
4913:19 September
4911:. Retrieved
4909:(in Italian)
4906:
4897:
4887:19 September
4885:. Retrieved
4881:ec.europa.eu
4880:
4871:
4862:
4853:
4844:
4831:
4819:. Retrieved
4800:
4793:
4783:28 September
4781:. Retrieved
4777:the original
4766:
4754:. Retrieved
4744:
4732:. Retrieved
4728:the original
4717:
4705:
4700:
4688:. Retrieved
4684:the original
4673:
4665:the original
4655:
4632:
4626:
4602:
4595:
4561:
4555:
4550:, p. 1.
4491:
4484:
4464:
4457:
4448:
4433:
4426:
4421:, p. 5.
4399:
4387:
4374:. Retrieved
4370:the original
4339:. Retrieved
4335:
4326:
4297:. Retrieved
4292:
4283:
4272:
4262:
4250:. Retrieved
4240:
4232:
4227:
4215:. Retrieved
4211:
4202:
4194:
4185:
4173:. Retrieved
4169:the original
4159:
4147:. Retrieved
4143:the original
4138:
4129:
3840:
3812:
3788:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3537:Demographics
3531:
3519:
3413:
3361:San Vincenzo
3341:
3300:
3278:
3272:
3208:(in %)
3204:
3150:
3138:
3102:
3087:Chiantishire
3080:
3072:Cinta Senese
3033:
3001:
2991:
2987:Intelligenza
2986:
2982:
2978:
2958:
2953:
2943:
2939:lyric poetry
2924:
2922:
2918:courtly love
2895:
2859:
2852:
2814:was born in
2777:
2750:
2678:
2668:
2468:
2444:
2425:
2396:
2367:
2328:
2314:San Vincenzo
2279:
2235:
2211:
2172:
2085:Fra Angelico
2081:Michelangelo
2073:Brunelleschi
2065:naturalistic
2046:
1981:
1975:
1971:Michelangelo
1931:Brunelleschi
1915:
1909:
1881:
1841:
1795:
1764:
1754:. After the
1732:Gian Gastone
1717:
1708:Nazi Germans
1653:
1652:, author of
1605:
1592:
1541:
1526:
1495:
1467:
1424:A page from
1388:
1374:. Its scion
1369:
1343:in Tuscany:
1307:
1241:Central Asia
1229:Roman Empire
1222:
1203:
1195:
1159:civilization
1154:
1148:
1140:
1121:" occurred.
1024:
865:between the
813:ancient Rome
809:
769:Ligurian Sea
766:
731:
660:of Tuscany
629:(2013), and
625:(2004), the
621:(1996); the
605:(1982); the
596:
525:
503:, including
460:high culture
457:
452:
376:
375:
99:Coat of arms
56:
29:
7191: /
7051:Italophilia
7011:Coat of arm
6961:Cinquecento
6837:Immigration
6787:Aristocracy
6652:Agriculture
6546:Nationality
6519:LGBT rights
6433:Earthquakes
6314:Mani pulite
6230:World War I
6173:Unification
6166:Late modern
6130:Renaissance
5975:Middle Ages
5968:Middle Ages
5945:Roman Italy
5712:Citizenship
4708:. Madison:
4590:, p. 3
4535:, p. 2
4341:17 December
4299:15 December
4231:Burke, P.,
3912:Population
3257:Agriculture
3056:San Miniato
3022:Tuscan wine
2709:and of the
2411:San Miniato
2358:Pietrasanta
2207:Sansepolcro
2014:Art schools
1691:Map of the
1533:Renaissance
1477:Renaissance
1432:Liber Abaci
1391:Black Death
1365:Renaissance
1247:(Eastern -
1167:agriculture
1115:City-states
1076: 1100
1053: 1150
1049: 1400
978:Val d'Orcia
902:countryside
829:Val d'Orcia
785:agriculture
633:as part of
623:Val d'Orcia
592:Val d'Orcia
348:NUTS Region
254:Citizenship
7206:Categories
7179:11°15′15″E
7176:43°46′17″N
7121:Traditions
7111:Television
7096:Philosophy
7061:Literature
7001:Cathedrals
6971:Settecento
6832:Healthcare
6797:Corruption
6792:Censorship
6551:Parliament
6509:Government
6309:Maxi Trial
6257:Resistance
5986:Ostrogoths
5918:Messapians
5803:Villanovan
5793:Prehistory
5786:Prehistory
5576:Basilicata
5389:Categories
5194:and places
5188:Provinces,
5087:Edison, NJ
5058:Malden, MA
4883:. Eurostat
4756:28 January
4588:Jones 2005
4533:Jones 2005
4252:28 October
4116:References
3909:Area (km)
3478:See also:
3422:(English:
3385:Capoliveri
3287:Larderello
3020:See also:
2935:Cavalcanti
2838:Literature
2735:See also:
2493:Montalcino
2454:Carmignano
2421:Vicopisano
2382:Pontremoli
2260:Pitigliano
2112:Gothic art
2089:Botticelli
1990:, and the
1959:Botticelli
1876:See also:
1681:See also:
1677:Modern era
1655:The Prince
1586:appointed
1576:Pope Leo X
1502:Botticelli
1500:(1482) by
1287:See also:
1249:Ostrogoths
1233:barbarians
1227:and later
1103: 700
1101: – c.
1099: 900
1080: 900
1078: – c.
1065:Aegean Sea
1051: – c.
959:Arno river
867:Apuan Alps
519:and white
224:Demonym(s)
202:Population
148:government
137:Government
7081:Mythology
7056:Libraries
6976:Ottocento
6918:Terrorism
6859:Languages
6812:Education
6734:Transport
6684:Companies
6591:Provinces
6561:President
6526:Judiciary
6499:Elections
6411:Volcanoes
6406:Volcanism
6399:Apennines
6384:Mountains
6352:Peninsula
6335:Geography
6266:Civil War
5991:Byzantium
5898:Etruscans
5833:Canegrate
5828:Golasecca
5813:Rinaldone
5808:Terramare
5798:Neolithic
5512:Northwest
5479:Northeast
5062:Blackwell
4956:"Toscana"
4149:9 October
4121:Citations
3906:Province
3896:Massa and
3730:3,663,191
3719:3,672,202
3708:3,497,806
3697:3,529,946
3686:3,581,051
3675:3,473,097
3664:3,286,160
3653:3,158,811
3642:2,978,000
3631:2,914,000
3620:2,810,000
3609:2,670,000
3598:2,503,000
3587:2,187,000
3576:2,124,000
3565:1,920,000
3502:Ferragamo
3381:Viareggio
3365:Orbetello
3312:Pontedera
3074:breed of
3066:used for
3044:Olive oil
2954:Tesoretto
2898:Provençal
2392:Fosdinovo
2387:Fivizzano
2319:Populonia
2255:Orbetello
2197:Lucignano
2152:Il Sodoma
2148:Beccafumi
2077:Donatello
1935:Donatello
1843:Pinocchio
1584:Charles V
1497:Primavera
1426:Fibonacci
1265:Justinian
1253:Visigoths
1163:transport
1151:Etruscans
1125:Etruscans
1111:chiefdoms
1061:Mycenaean
963:Casentino
914:Balze di
789:Apennines
649:Geography
341:6th of 21
337:very high
281:Time zone
228:English:
210:3,722,729
7159:Category
7046:Internet
7036:Folklore
6966:Seicento
6951:Trecento
6946:Duecento
6908:Religion
6869:Regional
6847:Italians
6822:Gambling
6714:Taxation
6541:Military
6482:Politics
6284:Republic
6071:Florence
5996:Lombards
5935:Republic
5881:Samnites
5876:Picentes
5818:Apennine
5777:Railways
5757:Military
5705:By topic
5689:Overview
5673:articles
5609:Sardinia
5586:Campania
5581:Calabria
5535:Piedmont
5530:Lombardy
5358:Language
5329:Politics
5212:Grosseto
5207:Florence
5050:(2000).
5023:Archived
4962:1 August
4863:Eurostat
4734:18 April
4690:19 April
4175:10 March
4084:See also
4074:268,706
4058:246,307
4042:289,886
4026:409,251
4010:203,449
3994:389,495
3978:340,387
3962:225,142
3946:983,073
3930:345,547
3861:Grosseto
3851:Florence
3805:, while
3757:Italians
3738:Source:
3405:Capalbio
3401:Talamone
3369:Grosseto
3345:Florence
3297:Industry
3291:Versilia
3283:fumarole
3279:soffioni
3064:Chianina
3052:truffles
2994:humanist
2973:, and a
2914:chivalry
2868:and the
2866:cloister
2848:Petrarch
2832:Grosseto
2810:, while
2792:do-re-mi
2790:and the
2773:symphony
2691:Petrarch
2659:Language
2566:Florence
2416:Volterra
2324:Suvereto
2309:Piombino
2304:Bolgheri
2245:Grosseto
2231:Certaldo
2221:Florence
2161:Volterra
2140:Sassetta
2132:Domenico
2101:Masaccio
2097:Masolino
2006:and the
1992:Bargello
1955:Angelico
1945:and the
1943:Ghiberti
1939:Masaccio
1885:Florence
1779:Costanzo
1600:Piombino
1529:Florence
1521:Florence
1349:Florence
1315:between
1309:Pilgrims
1269:Lombards
1218:Florence
1153:(Latin:
1088:Iron Age
916:Volterra
869:and the
797:Florence
771:and the
588:Versilia
560:Grosseto
540:Florence
534:, after
495:and the
476:Petrarch
449:Florence
432:Italian:
366:.toscana
364:.regione
131:Florence
7212:Tuscany
7116:Theatre
7091:Palaces
7071:Museums
7041:Gardens
7026:Fashion
7016:Cuisine
6996:Castles
6938:Culture
6888:Poverty
6864:Italian
6775:Society
6756:Welfare
6724:Tourism
6694:Exports
6662:Banking
6642:Economy
6630:Economy
6586:Regions
6468:Valleys
6438:Islands
6418:Beaches
6389:Prealps
6369:Geology
6357:Climate
6021:Normans
5981:Odoacer
5930:Kingdom
5913:Ligures
5849:Ancient
5823:Nuragic
5772:Postage
5747:Judaism
5737:Genetic
5727:Fashion
5722:Economy
5681:History
5601:Insular
5566:Abruzzo
5525:Liguria
5455:Tuscany
5437:Central
5351:Culture
5282:Etruria
5274:History
5238:Pistoia
5217:Livorno
5192:cities
5180:Tuscany
5122:Tuscany
5036:Sources
4984:28 July
4940:20 July
4376:9 March
4235:(1998).
4217:5 March
3915:Density
3898:Carrara
3886:Pistoia
3871:Livorno
3793:is the
3773:Morocco
3769:Albania
3765:Romania
3522:textile
3514:Bulgari
3510:Versace
3498:Cartier
3474:Fashion
3389:Maremma
3377:Bibbona
3338:Tourism
3334:area).
3328:Carrara
3320:Livorno
3316:Cascina
3304:Pistoia
3275:lignite
3267:Chianti
3135:Economy
3083:Chianti
3048:Leccino
3040:Legumes
3010:Cuisine
2967:bishops
2926:Canzoni
2902:Bologna
2874:sarcasm
2816:Livorno
2800:Verismo
2671:Italian
2652:Cortona
2552:Fiesole
2469:In the
2445:In the
2440:Pistoia
2426:In the
2397:In the
2368:In the
2329:In the
2299:Bibbona
2294:Livorno
2280:In the
2265:Roselle
2236:In the
2226:Fiesole
2212:In the
2192:Cortona
2173:In the
1919:Cimabue
1872:Culture
1787:Livorno
1771:Fascist
1736:Francis
1720:Medicis
1714:in 1944
1606:Presidi
1556:Lorenzo
1537:Livorno
1451:(1241)
1335:or the
1259:(later
1243:of the
1191:Ligures
1175:Etruria
1040:in the
1031:archaic
985:History
900:Chianti
848:Maremma
734:Liguria
712: C
700: C
684: B
505:Chianti
453:Firenze
439:) is a
428:Toscana
424:Italian
377:Tuscany
357:Website
249:(woman)
247:Toscana
243:Italian
238:Toscano
234:Italian
127:Capital
117:Country
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51:Italian
44:Toscana
39:Tuscany
7147:
7021:Design
7006:Cinema
6981:Anthem
6903:Racism
6852:People
6827:Health
6689:Energy
6679:Brands
6606:Comune
6601:Cities
6463:Rivers
6423:Canals
6106:Amalfi
6091:Venice
5950:Empire
5891:Veneti
5866:Latins
5838:Latial
5671:
5614:Sicily
5591:Molise
5571:Apulia
5502:Veneto
5460:Umbria
5450:Marche
5202:Arezzo
5097:
5091:Hunter
5068:
4812:
4643:
4614:
4568:
4499:
4472:
4441:
4071:3,821
4061:674.8
4045:300.4
4029:167.2
4023:2,448
4013:175.8
4007:1,157
3997:219.7
3991:1,773
3981:279.4
3975:1,218
3959:4,504
3949:279.8
3943:3,514
3933:106.9
3927:3,232
3856:Arezzo
3827:Marche
3823:Umbria
3601:+14.4%
3579:+10.6%
3269:region
3235:10.1%
3121:Modena
3117:France
2975:notary
2870:castle
2818:; and
2780:Arezzo
2769:operas
2715:Umbria
2673:, the
2638:Pienza
2524:Arezzo
2483:Pienza
2435:Pescia
2275:Sovana
2270:Sorano
2182:Arezzo
2138:; and
2124:Pietro
2116:Duccio
2099:, and
2051:, the
2026:, and
1986:, the
1978:Uffizi
1923:Giotto
1850:(1883)
1785:(from
1765:Under
1548:Cosimo
1544:Medici
1436:(1202)
1396:plague
1359:, and
1345:Arezzo
1333:Papacy
1321:France
1304:, 1260
1277:Tuscia
1216:, and
1200:Romans
1187:Romans
1183:Romans
1171:mining
1090:, the
1057:Minoan
1034:Greeks
1027:Bronze
1008:, and
803:, and
801:Empoli
754:comune
746:Umbria
742:Marche
722:
710:
698:
682:
674:
666:
619:Pienza
601:: the
582:, the
536:Veneto
493:Uffizi
441:region
419:-ə-nee
331:(2021)
230:Tuscan
71:Region
61:Tuscan
47:
7106:Sport
7076:Music
7066:Media
6928:Women
6802:Crime
6667:Banks
6443:Lakes
6428:Caves
6379:Flora
6374:Fauna
6096:Genoa
6081:Milan
6076:Siena
6016:Arabs
5903:Celts
5886:Umbri
5762:Music
5732:Flags
5669:Italy
5558:South
5445:Lazio
5363:Music
5248:Siena
5243:Prato
5222:Lucca
5006:3 May
4821:5 May
4077:81.9
3965:50.0
3891:Prato
3881:Lucca
3866:Siena
3761:China
3740:ISTAT
3733:−0.2%
3722:+5.0%
3716:2011
3711:−0.9%
3705:2001
3700:−1.4%
3694:1991
3689:+3.1%
3683:1981
3678:+5.7%
3672:1971
3667:+4.0%
3661:1961
3656:+6.1%
3650:1951
3645:+2.2%
3639:1936
3634:+3.7%
3628:1931
3623:+5.2%
3617:1921
3612:+6.7%
3606:1911
3595:1901
3590:+3.0%
3584:1881
3573:1871
3562:1861
3527:Prato
3506:Gucci
3373:Siena
3332:Lucca
3308:Prato
3285:) at
3250:6.7%
3247:7.3%
3244:8.6%
3241:9.5%
3238:9.2%
3232:8.7%
3229:7.8%
3226:6.3%
3223:6.0%
3220:5.8%
3217:5.0%
3214:4.4%
3211:4.8%
3199:2019
3196:2018
3193:2017
3190:2016
3187:2015
3184:2014
3181:2013
3178:2012
3175:2011
3172:2010
3169:2009
3166:2008
3163:2007
3160:2006
3157:Year
3125:Parma
3054:from
2971:judge
2820:Siena
2796:Lucca
2725:Music
2624:Lucca
2594:Siena
2503:Siena
2464:Prato
2353:Lucca
2338:Barga
2202:Poppi
2108:Siena
2093:Lippi
1910:David
1889:Siena
1570:then
1361:Siena
1353:Lucca
1273:Lucca
1245:Goths
1214:Siena
1206:Lucca
1179:Tiber
1155:Tusci
863:Barga
750:Lazio
615:Siena
580:Lucca
576:Siena
564:Siena
556:Lucca
532:Italy
501:wines
334:0.909
323:IT-52
307:UTC+2
286:UTC+1
240:(man)
121:Italy
7031:Flag
6761:Wine
6749:road
6744:rail
6575:List
6565:List
6394:Alps
6259:and
6101:Pisa
5871:Osci
5767:Name
5752:LGBT
5373:Flag
5368:Wine
5233:Pisa
5095:ISBN
5066:ISBN
5008:2018
4986:2023
4964:2023
4942:2022
4915:2019
4889:2019
4823:2022
4810:ISBN
4785:2010
4758:2016
4736:2010
4692:2009
4641:ISBN
4612:ISBN
4566:ISBN
4497:ISBN
4470:ISBN
4439:ISBN
4378:2011
4343:2020
4301:2020
4254:2017
4219:2023
4177:2010
4151:2020
4055:365
4039:965
3876:Pisa
3825:and
3789:The
3771:and
3742:2011
3727:2021
3551:Pop.
3547:Year
3512:and
3492:The
3482:and
3453:Elba
3409:Elba
3349:Pisa
3324:Pisa
3322:and
3139:The
3123:and
3076:pork
2981:and
2969:, a
2889:and
2830:and
2828:Pisa
2755:and
2701:and
2580:Pisa
2406:Pisa
2150:and
2142:and
2134:and
2126:and
1969:and
1953:and
1937:and
1921:and
1887:and
1781:and
1710:and
1582:and
1558:and
1485:and
1389:The
1357:Pisa
1319:and
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1291:and
1239:and
1210:Pisa
1169:and
1149:The
1139:The
1059:and
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793:Arno
781:Elba
744:and
590:and
562:and
548:Pisa
486:and
417:TUSK
352:ITI1
311:CEST
189:Area
88:Flag
6991:Art
6739:air
6531:Law
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2040:by
1899:Art
1862:An
1519:in
1515:in
1428:'s
961:in
455:).
443:in
368:.it
362:www
329:HDI
300:DST
290:CET
267:GDP
262:90%
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