45:
935:, seeing no other way of turning men from the fear of God, but to bring them into a constant dependence on his power... Now the multitude were very ready to follow the determination of Nimrod and to esteem it a piece of cowardice to submit to God; and they built a tower, neither sparing any pains, nor being in any degree negligent about the work: and, by reason of the multitude of hands employed in it, it grew very high, sooner than any one could expect; but the thickness of it was so great, and it was so strongly built, that thereby its great height seemed, upon the view, to be less than it really was. It was built of burnt brick, cemented together with mortar, made of
939:, that it might not be liable to admit water. When God saw that they acted so madly, he did not resolve to destroy them utterly, since they were not grown wiser by the destruction of the former sinners ; but he caused a tumult among them, by producing in them diverse languages, and causing that, through the multitude of those languages, they should not be able to understand one another. The place wherein they built the tower is now called Babylon, because of the confusion of that language which they readily understood before; for the Hebrews mean by the word Babel, confusion. The
527:(2,000 kg per cubic metre) and the crushing strength of these materials is generally rather better than 6,000 lbs per square inch or 40 mega-pascals. Elementary arithmetic shows that a tower with parallel walls could have been built to a height of 2.1 km (1.3 mi) before the bricks at the bottom were crushed. However, by making the walls taper towards the top they ... could well have been built to a height where the men of Shinnar would run short of oxygen and had difficulty in breathing before the brick walls crushed beneath their own dead weight."
1236:
1020:
1916:. He wrote that he was told when the light of the Sun first appeared upon the land, giants appeared and set off in search of the Sun. Not finding it, they built a tower to reach the sky. An angered God of the Heavens called upon the inhabitants of the sky, who destroyed the tower and scattered its inhabitants. The story was not related to either a flood or the confusion of languages, although Frazer connects its construction and the scattering of the giants with the Tower of Babel.
299:
1854:
2136:, in a flashback, plays upon themes of lack of communication between the designers of the tower and the workers who are constructing it. The short scene states how the words used to glorify the tower's construction by its designers took on totally different, oppressive meanings to the workers. This led to its destruction as they rose up against the designers because of the insufferable working conditions. The appearance of the tower was modeled after
536:
4918:
2393:
1186:
1156:. Church apologists have also supported this connection and argue the reality of the Tower of Babel: "Although there are many in our day who consider the accounts of the Flood and tower of Babel to be fiction, Latter-day Saints affirm their reality." In either case, the church firmly believes in the factual nature of at least one "great tower" built in the region of ancient Sumer/Assyria/Babylonia.
653:
1499:) provides 15 names for Japheth's descendants, 30 for Ham's, and 27 for Shem's, these figures became established as the 72 languages resulting from the confusion at Babel—although the exact listing of these languages changed over time. (The LXX Bible has two additional names, Elisa and Cainan, not found in the Masoretic text of this chapter, so early rabbinic traditions, such as the
2407:
960:, describes the just rewards of sinners and the righteous in the afterlife. Among the sinners are those who instigated the Tower of Babel. In the account, Baruch is first taken (in a vision) to see the resting place of the souls of "those who built the tower of strife against God, and the Lord banished them." Next he is shown another place, and there, occupying the form of dogs,
1181:
be protected from the turbulent chaos. And the womb planned these things according to my will, that she might pour forth completely. A tower came to be through the demons. The darkness was disturbed by his loss. He loosened the muscles of the womb. And the demon who was going to enter the tower was protected so that the races might continue to acquire coherence through him.
891:
2421:
1388:). Beginning in Renaissance Europe, priority over Hebrew was claimed for the alleged Japhetic languages, which were supposedly never corrupted because their speakers had not participated in the construction of the Tower of Babel. Among the candidates for a living descendant of the Adamic language were:
334:) resulting from the construction of the Tower of Babel accounts for the fragmentation of human languages: God was concerned that humans had blasphemed by building the tower to avoid a second flood and so God brought into existence multiple languages, rendering humanity unable to understand each other.
3319:, p. 11 "How much history lies behind the story of Genesis? Because the action of the primeval story is not represented as taking place on the plane of ordinary human history and has so many affinities with ancient mythology, it is very far-fetched to speak of its narratives as historical at all."
1180:
And he caused the flood, and he destroyed your (Shem's) race, to take the light and to take away from faith. But I proclaimed quickly by the mouth of the demon that a tower come up to be up to the particle of light, which was left in the demons and their race - which was water - that the demon might
987:
offers many different accounts of other causes for building the Tower of Babel, and of the intentions of its builders. According to one midrash the builders of the Tower, called "the generation of secession" in the Jewish sources, said: "God has no right to choose the upper world for
Himself, and to
507:
provides yet another figure – quoting
Isidore, he says that the tower was 5,164 paces high, or 7.6 km (4.7 mi), and quoting Josephus that the tower was wider than it was high, more like a mountain than a tower. He also quotes unnamed authors who say that the spiral path was so wide that it
353:
explained this apparent contradiction by arguing that the story "without mentioning it, goes back to tell how it came about that the one language common to all men was broken up into many tongues". Modern scholarship has traditionally held that the two chapters were written by different sources, the
254:
Now the whole earth had one language and the same words. And as they migrated from the east, they came upon a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there. And they said to one another, "Come, let us make bricks and fire them thoroughly." And they had brick for stone and bitumen for mortar. Then
930:
Now it was Nimrod who excited them to such an affront and contempt of God. He was the grandson of Ham, the son of Noah, a bold man, and of great strength of hand. He persuaded them not to ascribe it to God as if it were through his means they were happy, but to believe that it was their own courage
393:
There have been some contemporary challenges to this classical interpretation, with emphasis placed on the explicit motive of cultural and linguistic homogeneity mentioned in the narrative (v. 1, 4, 6); this reading of the text sees God's actions not as a punishment for pride, but as an etiology of
263:
said, "Look, they are one people, and they have all one language, and this is only the beginning of what they will do; nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them. Come, let us go down and confuse their language there, so that they will not understand one another's speech." So
1262:
In the biblical introduction of the Tower of Babel account, in
Genesis 11:1, it is said that everyone on Earth spoke the same language, but this is inconsistent with the biblical description of the post-Noahic world described in Genesis 10:5, where it is said that the descendants of Shem, Ham, and
964:
Those who gave counsel to build the tower, for they whom thou seest drove forth multitudes of both men and women, to make bricks; among whom, a woman making bricks was not allowed to be released in the hour of child-birth, but brought forth while she was making bricks, and carried her child in her
998:
The building of the Tower was meant to bid defiance not only to God, but also to
Abraham, who exhorted the builders to reverence. The passage mentions that the builders spoke sharp words against God, saying that once every 1,656 years, heaven tottered so that the water poured down upon the earth,
819:
And they began to build, and in the fourth week they made brick with fire, and the bricks served them for stone, and the clay with which they cemented them together was asphalt which comes out of the sea, and out of the fountains of water in the land of Shinar. And they built it: forty and three
943:
also makes mention of this tower, and of the confusion of the language, when she says thus:—"When all men were of one language, some of them built a high tower, as if they would thereby ascend up to heaven; but the gods sent storms of wind and overthrew the tower, and gave everyone a peculiar
1002:
Some among that generation even wanted to war against God in heaven (Talmud
Sanhedrin 109a). They were encouraged in this undertaking by the notion that arrows that they shot into the sky fell back dripping with blood, so that the people really believed that they could wage war against the
1350:(c. 1308–1320), however, Dante changes his view to another that treats the Adamic language as the product of Adam. This had the consequence that it could no longer be regarded as immutable, and hence Hebrew could not be regarded as identical with the language of Paradise. Dante concludes (
925:
and mentioned the Tower of Babel. He wrote that it was Nimrod who had the tower built and that Nimrod was a tyrant who tried to turn the people away from God. In this account, God confused the people rather than destroying them because annihilation with a Flood had not taught them to be
1891:
Rendering the heights of heaven no safer than the earth, they say the giants attempted to take the
Celestial kingdom, piling mountains up to the distant stars. Then the all-powerful father of the gods hurled his bolt of lightning, fractured Olympus and threw Mount Pelion down from Ossa
1446:
wrote a satirical tract in 1688, where he made fun of the contest between the
European nationalists to claim their native tongue as the Adamic language. Caricaturing the attempts by the Swede Olaus Rudbeck to pronounce Swedish the original language of mankind, Kempe wrote a scathing
480:
are situated on each side, which make in all one hundred. The doors of these gates, which are of wonderful size, are cast in bronze. The same historian tells many other tales of this city, and says: 'Although such was the glory of its building still it was conquered and destroyed.'"
2244:, the Tower of Babel is used by the Atlanteans as an interstellar communication device. Later in the series, the Neo Atlanteans rebuild the Tower of Babel and use its communication beam as a weapon of mass destruction. Both the original and the rebuilt tower resembles the painting
1807:(14th century). Villani adds that it "was begun 700 years after the Flood, and there were 2,354 years from the beginning of the world to the confusion of the Tower of Babel. And we find that they were 107 years working at it; and men lived long in those times". According to the
2151:. In his retelling, Oakeshott expresses disdain for human willingness to sacrifice individuality, culture, and quality of life for grand collective projects. He attributes this behavior to fascination with novelty, persistent dissatisfaction, greed, and lack of self-reflection.
1598:) mentions the number of 72; however, his list of names from the Bible drops the sons of Joktan and substitutes the sons of Abraham and Lot, resulting in only about 56 names total; he then appends a list of some of the nations known in his own day, such as the
604:
and not as an historical account of events. Genesis is described as beginning with historicized myth and ending with mythicized history. Nevertheless, the story of Babel can be interpreted in terms of its context: Elsewhere in
Genesis, it is stated that Babel
969:, and sought to pierce the heavens, saying, "Let us see (whether) the heaven is made of clay, or of brass, or of iron." When God saw this He did not permit them, but smote them with blindness and confusion of speech, and rendered them as thou seest.
1007:, Chapter 9:12–36). According to Josephus and Midrash Pirke R. El. xxiv., it was mainly Nimrod who persuaded his contemporaries to build the Tower, while other rabbinical sources assert, on the contrary, that Nimrod separated from the builders.
1083:(xiii. 72), but without the tower: mankind were swept together by winds into the plain that was afterward called "Babil", where they were assigned their separate languages by God, and were then scattered again in the same way. In the
2317:
the campaign level "Nekravol" contains the Tower of Babel, but instead of its biblical purpose, it functions as a processing line for the suffering of human souls. In-game it is referred to as "The
Citadel", but the concept art for
1993:
613:'s kingdom, which is located in Lower Mesopotamia. The Bible does not specifically mention that Nimrod ordered the building of the tower, but many other sources have associated its construction with him. Genesis 11:9 attributes the
1112:
Although variations similar to the biblical narrative of the Tower of Babel exist within
Islamic tradition, the central theme of God separating humankind on the basis of language is alien to Islam according to the author
1010:
According to another midrashic account, one third of the Tower builders were punished by being transformed into semi-demonic creatures and banished into three parallel dimensions, inhabited now by their descendants.
584:, who has put forth substantial modifications to the hypothesis, suggests that these verses are part of what he calls a "Pre-Yahwistic stage". Other scholars reject the documentary hypothesis altogether. The "
579:
suggests that the intentional word play regarding the city of Babel, and the noise of the people's "babbling" is found in the Hebrew words as easily as in English, is considered typical of the Yahwist source.
2005:, wherein the wicked men build a tower of masts to pursue the Creator-God, Nyambe, who has fled to Heaven on a spider-web, but the men perish when the masts collapse. He further relates similar tales of the
255:
they said, "Come, let us build ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the heavens, and let us make a name for ourselves; otherwise we shall be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth." The L
144:, observing these efforts and remarking on humanity's power in unity, confounds their speech so that they can no longer understand each other and scatters them around the world, leaving the city unfinished.
1266:
There have also been a number of traditions around the world that describe a divine confusion of the one original language into several, albeit without any tower. Aside from the Ancient Greek myth that
667:: "temple of the foundation of heaven and earth") was the name of a ziggurat dedicated to Marduk in the city of Babylon. It was famously rebuilt by the 6th-century-BCE Neo-Babylonian dynasty rulers
965:
apron, and continued to make bricks. And the Lord appeared to them and confused their speech, when they had built the tower to the height of four hundred and sixty-three cubits. And they took a
2373:, the final monument the island inhabitants can create is called the Tower of Babel, which begins to sink the island. The titular Doshin the Giant then sacrifices himself to save the island.
330:, which is intended explain the origin of a custom, ritual, geographical feature, name, or other phenomenon —namely the origins of the multiplicity of languages. The confusion of tongues (
4622:
4615:
4608:
4601:
1066:
taught magic to some people in Babylon and warned them that magic is a sin and that their teaching them magic is a test of faith. A tale about Babil appears more fully in the writings of
2084:
in Rome, while later conical depictions of the tower (as depicted in Doré's illustration) resemble much later Muslim towers observed by 19th-century explorers in the area, notably the
679:
the Great's conquests. He managed to move the tiles of the tower to another location, but his death stopped the reconstruction, and it was demolished during the reign of his successor
147:
Some modern scholars have associated the Tower of Babel with known historical structures and accounts, particularly from ancient Mesopotamia. The most widely attributed inspiration is
4277:
719:
speculated that the authors of Genesis 11:1–9 were inspired by the existence of an apparently incomplete ziggurat at Babylon, and by the phonological similarity between Babylonian
2161:(1996) is about the question "whether language can be shared, or, if that turns out to be illusory, how individuals, in talking to each other, fail to understand each other".
1830:, expressed amazement at how much this 'number of tongues' could be surpassed, there being hundreds of mutually unintelligible languages indigenous only to Peru and Brazil.
1133:
and his family ask God that their language not be confounded at the time of the "great tower". Because of their prayers, God preserves their language and leads them to the
2001:
documented similarities between Old Testament stories, such as the Flood, and indigenous legends around the world. He identified Livingston's account with a tale found in
5330:
4828:
1606:. This listing was to prove quite influential on later accounts that made the Lombards and Franks themselves into descendants of eponymous grandsons of Japheth, e.g. the
44:
429:
561:. Modern biblical scholarship rejects Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch but is divided on the question of its authorship. Many scholars subscribe to some form of the
410:
The Book of Genesis does not specify the tower's height; the phrase, "its top in the sky" (v.4) was an idiom for impressive height, rather than implying arrogance. The
1491:
There are several mediaeval historiographic accounts that attempt to make an enumeration of the languages scattered at the Tower of Babel. Because a count of all the
2063:
1141:
988:
leave the lower world to us; therefore we will build us a tower, with an idol on the top holding a sword, so that it may appear as if it intended to war with God" (
3613:
4052:
3633:
2813:
476:
was an ancient Greek unit of length, based on the circumference of a typical sports stadium of the time which was about 176 metres (577 ft). Twenty-five
4650:
1144:(LDS Church) assert that the "great tower" was indeed the Tower of Babel – as in the 1981 introduction to the Book of Mormon – despite the chronology of the
4451:
1920:
4838:
1931:
or tower, to preserve themselves in the event of a second deluge. However, their languages were confounded and they went to separate parts of the Earth.
1626:
268:
scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city. Therefore it was called Babel, because there the L
2357:
series refers to the Tower of Babel in a context of intercultural conflict and cooperation (Jews and Muslims during the French colonization in Algeria).
4954:
4067:
4856:
2037:, which Frazer considered to show clear 'Abrahamic' influence, also relate that their ancestors migrated there following the abandonment of a great
1638:
1085:
1462:
The primacy of Hebrew was still defended by some authors until the emergence of modern linguistics in the second half of the 18th century, e.g. by
999:
therefore they would support it by columns that there might not be another deluge (Gen. R. l.c.; Tan. l.c.; similarly Josephus, "Ant." i. 4, § 2).
5384:
1947:
escaped a great flood, then became wicked and attempted to build a house reaching to heaven, but the Great Spirit destroyed it with thunderbolts.
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30 generations from Adam, when the languages were confused and the Karen separated from the Karenni. He notes yet another version current in the
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2199:
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4182:
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565:, which argues that the Pentateuch is composed of multiple "sources" that were later merged. Scholars who favor this hypothesis, such as
337:
Prior to this event, humanity was stated to speak a single language, although the preceding Genesis 10:5 states that the descendants of
4833:
2786:
1503:, speak instead of "70 languages".) Some of the earliest sources for 72 (sometimes 73) languages are the 2nd-century Christian writers
5320:
2147:
surveyed historic variations of the Tower of Babel in different cultures and produced a modern retelling of his own in his 1983 book,
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in Hebrew. The first century Roman-Jewish author Flavius Josephus similarly explained that the name was derived from the Hebrew word
4369:
4121:
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3790:
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3149:
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201:; it is always "the city and the tower" or just "the city". The original derivation of the name Babel, which is the Hebrew name for
428:
mentions that the "tower of strife" reached a height of 463 cubits, or 211.8 m (695 ft), taller than any structure built
4343:
460:) as saying the tower was "laid out foursquare on a very level plain. Its wall, made of baked brick cemented with pitch, is fifty
4643:
1354:
XXVI) that Hebrew is a derivative of the language of Adam. In particular, the chief Hebrew name for God in scholastic tradition,
508:
contained lodgings for workers and animals, and other authors who claim that the path was wide enough to have fields for growing
414:
mentions the tower's height as being 5,433 cubits and 2 palms, or 2,484 m (8,150 ft), about three times the height of
2240:
1149:
743:
180:
20:
1227:. In the Middle Ages and down to the 17th century, attempts were made to identify a living descendant of the Adamic language.
5133:
3990:
3099:
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2121:
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years were they building it; its breadth was 203 bricks, and the height was the third of one; its height amounted to 5433
492:
high, or 5.92 km (3.68 mi) and 1,000 paces thick, and each pace is three of our feet." The 14th-century traveler
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4947:
2558:
2137:
2093:
1077:
1093:, a fuller version is given: Nimrod has the tower built in Babil, God destroys it, and the language of mankind, formerly
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3619:
2231:
1913:
1843:
1786:
1712:
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50:
2066:, which can be placed in someone's ear for them to instantly understand anything said to them in any form of language.
1912:(1537–1588) reported hearing an account about the pyramid from a hundred-year-old priest at Cholula, shortly after the
992:
4636:
1362:
213:, meaning "gate of God". However, that form and interpretation itself are now usually thought to derive from Akkadian
4238:
Dorschel, Andreas (25 November 2004). "Ach, Sie waren nicht in Oxford? Antonia S. Byatts Roman "Der Turm zu Babel"".
2353:
1579:) contain one of the first attempts to list each of the 72 peoples who were believed to have spoken these languages.
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540:
236:
1877:'s telling of the myth, the Giants attempt to reach the gods in heaven by stacking mountains, but are repelled by
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Various traditions similar to that of the tower of Babel are found in Latin America. Some writers connected the
879:, and several sons of Joktan. However, Joktan finally saves the twelve from the wrath of the other two princes.
588:" scholars tend to see the books of Genesis through 2 Kings as written by a single, anonymous author during the
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2999:
2752:
Levenson, Jon D. (2004). "Genesis: Introduction and Annotations". In Berlin, Adele; Brettler, Marc Zvi (eds.).
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2180:
1902:
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has a story with similarities to the biblical story of the Tower of Babel, although set in the Egypt of Moses:
1004:
825:
55:
1940:
1648:
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land, "the whole universe, the well-guarded people—may they all address Enlil together in a single language."
2009:
that substitute a pile of porridge pestles for the masts. Frazer moreover cites such legends found among the
1983:
in 1849 had such a tradition, but with the builders' heads getting "cracked by the fall of the scaffolding".
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According to modern scholars, the biblical story of the Tower of Babel was likely influenced by Etemenanki.
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771:
to restore (or in Kramer's translation, to disrupt) the linguistic unity of the inhabited regions—named as
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A philosophicall essay for the reunion of the languages, or, the art of knowing all by the mastery of one
234:, meaning to jumble or to confuse, after Yahweh distorted the common language of humankind. According to
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2049:, where mankind's languages are confused following a failed attempt to build houses reaching to heaven.
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1385:
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695:
2183:" that imagined a miner's climbing the tower all the way to the top where he meets the vault of heaven.
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The story's theme of competition between God and humans appears elsewhere in Genesis, in the story of
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1300:
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Despite no mention of the Tower of Babel in the original text of the Book of Mormon, some leaders in
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712:
395:
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The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (ISBE), James Orr, M.A., D.D., General Editor – 1915 (
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4888:
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1998:
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considers the height of the Tower of Babel. He wrote, "brick and stone weigh about 120 lb per
4362:
Kyojin no Doshin 1: Koushiki Gaidobukku (Doshin the Giant 1: Official Guide book) for 64DD version
4090:
3730:
5460:
5099:
4883:
4807:
4782:
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4562:
4214:
4213:. Eric Voegelin Institute series in political philosophy. University of Missouri Press. pp.
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2017:, where the men stack poles or trees in a failed attempt to reach the Moon. He further cited the
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2284:
The Tower of Babel appears as an important location in the Babylonian story arc of the Japanese
1341:(1302–1305). He argues that the Adamic language is of divine origin and therefore unchangeable.
1117:. In Islamic belief, he argues, God created nations to know each other and not to be separated.
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222:
206:
137:
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1873:, the battle fought between the Giants and the Olympian gods for supremacy of the cosmos. In
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The literal belief that the world's linguistic variety originated with the tower of Babel is
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847:, the direction for the building is ascribed not only to Nimrod, who is made prince of the
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4084:
1047:
to build him a stone (or clay) tower so that he can mount up to heaven and confront the
464:(23 m or 75 ft) wide, two hundred (91.5 m or 300 ft) high, and four hundred and seventy
5445:
4582:
4207:
4171:
3609:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3237:, from the 1916 translation by Earnest Brehaut, Book I, chapter 6. Available online in
3168:
Hiebert, Theodore (2007). "The Tower of Babel and the Origin of the World's Cultures".
2683:
2569:
2412:
2042:
2006:
2002:
1909:
1411:
1296:
1126:
1114:
989:
957:
576:
450:
375:
303:
214:
4607:
Easton's Bible Dictionary, M.G. Easton M.A., D.D., published by Thomas Nelson, 1897. (
3646:
Pickthal, M. "Quran" (in English), Suras 28:36 and 40:36–37. Amana Publishers, UK 1996
5399:
5121:
5037:
5014:
4741:
4726:
4678:
4590:
4445:
4440:
4386:
4106:
3704:
3329:
Moye, Richard H. (1990). "In the Beginning: Myth and History in Genesis and Exodus".
3250:
2059:
1927:, states that after men had multiplied following a great deluge, they erected a tall
1883:
1468:
1427:
1346:
1288:
1248:
1145:
1044:
966:
902:
610:
469:
4586:
4177:. SUNY Series in Ethical Theory. State University of New York Press. p. 185ff.
1185:
1097:, is then confused into 72 languages. Another Muslim historian of the 13th century,
5235:
5044:
4994:
4893:
4716:
4273:
3768:
3497:
2426:
2398:
2361:
2320:
2313:
2030:
2018:
2010:
1956:
1492:
1240:
1024:
922:
844:
716:
668:
488:(1300): He relates that "it measured eighty miles round, and it was already 4,000
433:
415:
371:
245:
due to the Hebrew terms for Babylon and "to confuse" having similar pronunciation.
4297:
3929:
The Languages of Paradise: Race, Religion, and Philology in the Nineteenth Century
2867:
2839:
1172:, a tower, interpreted as the Tower of Babel, is brought by demons along with the
798:(911–605 BC), bears a number of similarities to the later written biblical story.
652:
228:
Per the story in Genesis, the city received the name "Babel" from the Hebrew verb
3776:
2754:
2716:
140:), where they agree to build a great city with a tower that would reach the sky.
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5166:
5032:
5001:
4683:
4659:
4282:
3595:
3589:
3462:
3091:
2213:
2165:
2154:
2113:
2089:
2022:
1587:
1381:
1284:
1098:
872:
520:
327:
302:
German Late Medieval depiction of the tower's construction from a manuscript of
110:
3976:
Folk-lore in the Old Testament: Studies in Comparative Religion, Legend and Law
3954:"Metamorphoses (Kline) 1, the Ovid Collection, Univ. Of Virginia E-Text Center"
3868:
Folk-lore in the Old Testament: Studies in Comparative Religion, Legend and Law
3735:(Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), ch. 6.
496:
also included an account of the tower and reported that its height had been 64
5253:
5223:
3505:
3363:
2388:
2348:
2176:
2127:
1980:
1753:
1599:
1496:
1173:
1165:
657:
642:
554:
524:
149:
3850:
3839:
3485:
3415:
3053:
1680:
Other sources that mention 72 (or 70) languages scattered from Babel are the
1148:
aligning more closely with the 21st century BC Sumerian tower temple myth of
931:
which procured that happiness. He also gradually changed the government into
767:
for its construction, at one point reciting an incantation imploring the god
4435:, vol. 3 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 178
4395:
2081:
1681:
1276:
890:
864:
684:
601:
504:
422:
259:
came down to see the city and the tower, which mortals had built. And the L
242:
4143:. British Idealist Studies 1: Oakeshott. Andrews UK Limited. p. 121f.
2229:, has created an orchestral piece titled "Tower of Babel" which appears in
1360:, must be derived of a different Adamic name for God, which Dante gives as
4520:
Klaus Seybold, "Der Turmbau zu Babel: Zur Entstehung von Genesis XI 1–9,"
3529:
Kramer, Samuel Noah (1968). "The 'Babel of Tongues': A Sumerian Version".
3031:
A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament: the Hebrew Bible in its Context
2892:
Kramer, Samuel Noah (1968). "The 'Babel of Tongues': A Sumerian Version".
1797:; mentions 22 for Shem, 31 for Ham and 17 for Japheth for a total of 70);
544:(19th-century illustration), depicts the Tower of Babel in the background.
5271:
5259:
4898:
4573:
2440:
2332:
2285:
2223:
2014:
1742:
1654:
1643:
1544:
1509:
1377:
1356:
1322:
1256:
784:
756:
748:
425:
155:
122:
3189:
3120:
2311:, the level "E2M8" is named and takes place at the "Tower of Babel". In
2261:
the last stages of the game and the final boss fight occur in the tower.
815:
contains one of the most detailed accounts found anywhere of the Tower.
362:. However, that theory has been debated among scholars in recent years.
5304:
5299:
5247:
5241:
5229:
5076:
3350:
2328:
artbook, and the Steam Trading Card) refers to it as the "Tower Babel".
2034:
1924:
1307:
1197:
1040:
944:
language; and for this reason it was that the city was called Babylon."
936:
932:
868:
860:
856:
848:
791:
772:
570:
553:
Jewish and Christian tradition attributes the composition of the whole
497:
359:
338:
202:
163:
114:
82:
4455:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 91.
4424:
3203:
2935:
Geschichte Mesopotamiens. Von den Sumerern bis zu Alexander dem Großen
1811:, however, the project was begun only 200 years following the Deluge.
1263:
Japheth gave rise to different nations, each with their own language.
5277:
5265:
4461:
4325:"Le chat du rabbin Tome 7 : La tour de Bab-El-Oued – Joann Sfar"
3657:"Surat Al-Baqarah [2:102] – The Noble Qur'an – القرآن الكريم"
3181:
3112:
2067:
2038:
1955:
Traces of a somewhat similar story have also been reported among the
1603:
1448:
1268:
1153:
1055:
852:
776:
764:
461:
387:
383:
159:
141:
133:
3342:
2868:"Tower of Babel | Story, Summary, Meaning, & Facts | Britannica"
2840:"Tower of Babel | Story, Summary, Meaning, & Facts | Britannica"
2206:
This biblical episode is dramatized in the Indian television series
4140:
Religious and Poetic Experience in the Thought of Michael Oakeshott
3218:
2812:
Schwartz, Howard; Loebel-Fried, Caren; Ginsburg, Elliot K. (2007).
2197:
The Tower of Babel appears in the 47th episode of the anime series
5117:
5105:
4932:
4344:"Why the Past 10 Years of American Life Have Been Uniquely Stupid"
2450:
2305:, the Tower of Babel appears multiple times. In the original 1993
2288:
2026:
1964:
1960:
1852:
1747:
1292:
1280:
1279:, Frazer specifically mentions such accounts among the Wasania of
1234:
1184:
1105:(an ancestor of Abraham) was allowed to keep the original tongue,
1059:
1036:
1018:
940:
889:
867:. Twelve men are arrested for refusing to bring bricks, including
821:
760:
651:
558:
534:
509:
489:
346:
342:
297:
198:
175:
129:
72:
3935:. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Harvard University Press.
500:, or 13 km (8 mi), according to the local inhabitants.
4736:
4278:"Bible ki Kahaniyan: Another religious saga on the small screen"
1874:
1318:
1272:
1102:
768:
752:
477:
86:
4936:
4632:
2222:, the composer for the music appearing in several parts of the
1814:
The tradition of 72 languages persisted into later times. Both
4628:
4569:
Babel In Biblia: The Tower in Ancient Literature by Jim Rovira
4540:
Ed. by Reto Geiser and Tilo Richter, Standpunkte, Basel 2016,
2512:
1048:
606:
185:
which describes events and locations in southern Mesopotamia.
19:
This article is about the biblical myth. For other uses, see
4444:
1109:
in this case, because he would not partake in the building.
3092:"The Tower of Babel and the Origin of the World's Cultures"
2606:
2563:
2506:
1310:
myth of "the Cooking of Languages" has also been compared.
386:
act of defiance against God ordered by the arrogant tyrant
4596:
HERBARIUM Art Project. Anatomy of the Tower of Babel. 2010
1317:
was widely considered the language used by God to address
1137:. From there, they travel across the sea to the Americas.
3656:
2686:. As with other verses where "Lord" is fully capitalised.
3816:
Tower of Babel: The Evidence against the New Creationism
1329:) by various Jewish, Christian, and Muslim scholastics.
1251:
and is contrary to the known facts about the origin and
436:
in 1889, which is 324 m (1,063 ft) in height.
4614:
Nave Topical Bible, Orville J. Nave, AM., D.D., LL.D. (
4209:
Michael Oakeshott on Religion, Aesthetics, and Politics
569:, tend to see Genesis 11:1–9 as being composed by the
3502:
Asimov's Guide to the Bible, vol.1: The Old Testament
3065:
Louth, Andrew; Oden, Thomas C.; Conti, Marco (2001).
2521:
557:, which includes the story of the Tower of Babel, to
280:
scattered them abroad over the face of all the earth.
276:) the language of all the earth, and from there the L
3965:
3963:
2644:
2625:
2593:
2543:
2509:
2503:
2360:
The fragmentation of modern society, in part due to
2336:
features an opening number titled "Tower of Babble."
2270:
the Tower of Babel is an available "Great Building".
908:
The Jewish-Roman historian Flavius Josephus, in his
229:
5377:
5351:
5313:
5287:
5202:
5159:
5066:
4978:
4871:
4821:
4760:
4707:
4666:
3543:"Enmerkar and the lord of Aratta: composite text."
2715:Metzger, Bruce Manning; Coogan, Michael D. (2004).
2500:
2116:staged a multilingual theatrical interpretation of
378:. The first century Jewish interpretation found in
92:
78:
68:
63:
30:
4533:, Journal of the American Oriental Society (1968).
4494:Historia Antiqua de la Nueva Espana (Madrid, 1585)
4472:. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
4206:
4170:
4072:. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Press. p. 160.
3405:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. pp. 395–398.
2753:
2718:The Oxford Guide To People And Places of the Bible
1919:Another story, attributed by the native historian
1477:(1675) and by Gottfried Hensel (1687–1767) in his
1101:relates the same story, adding that the patriarch
4086:Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa
3681:The Complete Idiot's Guide to Understanding Islam
2092:depicts a more stylized geometrical structure in
2029:as having a similar story. The traditions of the
763:and demands a tribute of precious materials from
326:The Tower of Babel is a type of myth known as an
4574:"The Tower of Babel and the Birth of Nationhood"
4302:Tamaro Forever presents The Secret of Blue Water
3142:Understanding the Bible: A Reader's Introduction
794:myth, dating from the 8th century BC during the
735:There are similar stories to the Tower of Babel
727:, meaning "mixed", "confused", or "confounded".
3723:A Companion to Your Study of the Book of Mormon
3441:"Herodotus, the Histories, Book 1, chapter 179"
2910:From Creation to Babel: Studies in Genesis 1-11
1889:
1178:
1142:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
962:
817:
675:, but had fallen into disrepair by the time of
252:
193:The phrase "Tower of Babel" does not appear in
174:. A similar story is also found in the ancient
3902:Linguistic Theories in Dante and the Humanists
3545:Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature.
2364:, has been likened to a modern Tower of Babel.
1881:'s thunderbolts. A.S. Kline translates Ovid's
741:similar to that of the Tower of Babel, called
4948:
4644:
3533:. Vol. 88, no. 1. pp. 108–111.
3296:. Echo Point Books & Media. p. 313.
2896:. Vol. 88, no. 1. pp. 108–111.
723:, meaning "gate of God", and the Hebrew word
600:Biblical scholars see the Book of Genesis as
8:
4173:Anti-Theory in Ethics and Moral Conservatism
3895:
3893:
3891:
2657:
2638:
2619:
2172:, based on a modernized version of the myth.
1572:). The chronicles attributed to Hippolytus (
833:Jubilees 10:20–21, Charles' 1913 translation
382:explains the construction of the tower as a
4112:. London: British Film Institute. pp.
2913:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 179–180.
4955:
4941:
4933:
4839:Creation and evolution in public education
4651:
4637:
4629:
4531:The "Babel of Tongues": A Sumerian Version
4051:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3775:(30 June 2009). "The Paraphrase of Shem".
3632:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3163:
3161:
2747:
2745:
2380:is largely inspired by the Tower of Babel.
995:; Tan., ed. Buber, Noah, xxvii. et seq.).
956:(or 3 Baruch, c. 2nd century), one of the
694:) wrote an account of the ziggurat in his
512:for the animals used in the construction.
27:
4385:Donlan, Christopher (12 September 2023).
3132:
3130:
3024:
3022:
3020:
2080:'s influential portrayal is based on the
1495:listed by name in chapter 10 of Genesis (
1376:, these languages were considered to be "
517:Structures: Or Why Things Don't Fall Down
4857:Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District
4485:A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture
3531:Journal of the American Oriental Society
3316:
2894:Journal of the American Oriental Society
2818:. Oxford University Press. p. 704.
2058:The "Babel fish" is a fictional fish in
217:applied to an earlier form of the name,
4364:. Nintendo Co., Ltd. 20 February 2000.
4169:. In Clarke, S.G.; Simpson, E. (eds.).
2815:Tree of Souls: The Mythology of Judaism
2785:Graves, Robert; Patai, Raphael (1986).
2721:. Oxford University Press. p. 28.
2698:
2488:
2194:, which concluded with book IV in 2021.
1939:Still another story, attributed to the
484:A typical medieval account is given by
132:speaking a single language migrates to
4722:Allegorical interpretations of Genesis
4391:review - a puzzling linguistic marvel"
4257:"Ted Chiang's Soulful Science Fiction"
4044:
3979:. London: Macmillan. pp. 362–387.
3625:
2238:In the 1990 Japanese television anime
882:
221:, of unknown meaning and probably non-
16:Mythical structure in the Hebrew Bible
5053:and the origin of nations (10:1–11:9)
3375:
3373:
3371:
3271:. Simon & Schuster. p. 247.
3069:. Taylor & Francis. p. 164.
1997:, Scottish social anthropologist Sir
1921:Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxóchitl
1869:, there is a myth referred to as the
1455:, God spoke Swedish, and the serpent
1089:by the 9th-century Muslim theologian
921:), recounted history as found in the
418:, or roughly 1.6 miles high (10:21).
7:
4500:Ixtilxochitl, Don Ferdinand d'Alva,
3684:. Indianapolis: Alpha. p. 108.
2862:
2860:
2064:The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
1035:Although not mentioned by name, the
349:dispersed "with their own tongues."
4323:Debarnot, Eric (15 December 2017).
3598:London: SPCK. 1917. pp. 90–94.
2760:. Oxford University Press. p.
2658:
2639:
2620:
2586:
2533:
2200:Arabian Nights: Sinbad's Adventures
1865:, much of which was adopted by the
1062:, but tells of when the two angels
4578:Azure: Ideas for the Jewish Nation
4515:Native Races of the Pacific States
3750:"The Flood and the Tower of Babel"
2953:. Simon and Schuster. p. 73.
2103:wrote an opera based on the story
1801:'s 1300 account; and the rabbinic
1487:Enumeration of scattered languages
711:proposed this occurred during the
121:meant to explain the existence of
14:
4621:Smith's Bible Dictionary (1896) (
4477:Knecht, Friedrich Justus (1910).
4342:Haidt, Jonathan (11 April 2022).
4089:. Harper & Brothers. p.
3871:. London: Macmillan. p. 384.
3591:The Biblical Antiquities of Philo
3267:Friedman, Richard Elliot (1997).
3204:The Length of Eratosthenes' Stade
3090:Hiebert, Theodore (Spring 2007).
2788:Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis
2258:Prince of Persia: The Two Thrones
1708:History of the Prophets and Kings
1652:, and the midrashic compilations
1086:History of the Prophets and Kings
974:Greek Apocalypse of Baruch, 3:5–8
700:, which he called the "Temple of
128:According to the story, a united
4917:
4916:
4466:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
3995:letras-uruguay.espaciolatino.com
3991:"Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxóchitl"
3294:Abraham in History and Tradition
2496:
2419:
2405:
2391:
1979:, the people he met living near
1271:confused the languages, causing
43:
4565:Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
2241:Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water
2070:used this as a base for their "
1442:, 1641). The Swedish physician
1325:, and by Adam as lawgiver (the
1150:Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta
744:Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta
519:(Pelican 1978–1984), Professor
449:, quotes the earlier historian
181:Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta
21:Tower of Babel (disambiguation)
5134:Jacob wrestling with the angel
4834:Creation–evolution controversy
4069:Report on the Census of Bengal
4030:History of Arizona, Volume VII
3883:Reisen in die 'Ostseeprovinzen
3331:Journal of Biblical Literature
3170:Journal of Biblical Literature
3100:Journal of Biblical Literature
1923:(c. 1565–1648) to the ancient
1480:Synopsis Universae Philologiae
432:until the construction of the
1:
4509:Antiquities of Mexico, vol. 9
4027:Farish, Thomas Edwin (1918).
3732:Book of Mormon Student Manual
3615:Legends of the Jews, Volume 1
3208:American Journal of Philology
2937:, Beck, München 2004, p. 121.
2791:. Random House. p. 315.
2168:wrote a concept album called
2074:" online translation service.
1994:Folklore in the Old Testament
1791:
1778:
1762:
1735:
1716:
1693:
1659:
1630:
1613:
1592:
1573:
1566:
1549:
1532:
1369:Before the acceptance of the
1287:of Assam, the inhabitants of
915:
688:
454:
443:
311:
2621:אֶת הָעִיר וְאֶת הַמִּגְדָּל
2607:
2564:
2232:Turrican II: The Final Fight
1914:conquest of the Aztec Empire
1844:Mythical origins of language
1820:De procuranda indorum salute
1809:Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum
1787:Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum
1722:); the Anglo-Saxon dialogue
1713:Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari
1313:During the Middle Ages, the
1223:wrestled with the idea of a
1215:Mythical origins of language
1200:depicting the Tower of Babel
1003:inhabitants of the heavens (
468:(82.72 km or 51.4 miles) in
5326:Allegorical interpretations
4989:Genesis creation narratives
4460:Maas, Anthony John (1912).
4165:Oakeshott, Michael (1989).
4033:. Phoenix. pp. 309–310
3904:. BRILL. pp. 159–181.
3813:Pennock, Robert T. (2000).
3251:Selections from Giovanni's
3033:. Oxford University Press.
3029:Coogan, Michael D. (2009).
2950:The Dictionary of the Bible
2645:
2627:ʾeṯ hā-ʿîr wəʾeṯ ha-mmiḡdāl
2626:
2594:
2544:
1905:to the Tower of Babel. The
1699:); the Irish monastic work
1408:Piero Francesco Giambullari
1335:addresses the topic in his
1231:Multiplication of languages
824:and 2 palms, and thirteen
571:J or Jahwist/Yahwist source
503:The 17th-century historian
230:
205:, is uncertain. The native
97:
5487:
5083:Abraham and Lot's conflict
4694:Genesis creation narrative
4480:"The Tower of Babel"
4429:, in Baynes, T. S. (ed.),
4083:David Livingstone (1858).
3618:. New York. Archived from
2599:
2553:
2461:List of tallest structures
2143:The political philosopher
1837:
1639:Book of Roads and Kingdoms
1521:9); it is repeated in the
1208:
1168:tradition recorded in the
1058::102 mentions the name of
954:Third Apocalypse of Baruch
949:Greek Apocalypse of Baruch
640:
609:: Βαβυλών) formed part of
541:Hanging Gardens of Babylon
426:Third Apocalypse of Baruch
398:, presenting Babel as the
18:
4912:
4851:Kansas evolution hearings
3900:Mazzocco, Angelo (1993).
3727:Church Educational System
3292:Van Seters, John (1975).
2947:John L. Mckenzie (1995).
2299:In the video game series
2293:Crest of the Royal Family
1711:by the Persian historian
1646:(1068), the 11th-century
1436:Georg Philipp Harsdörffer
1380:" by some authors (e.g.,
42:
36:
35:
5369:Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1007
5321:Framework interpretation
4245:(in German). p. 16.
4137:Worthington, G. (2016).
4104:Bukatman, Scott (1997).
3678:Emerick, Yahiya (2002).
2456:Evolutionary linguistics
2345:The tower of Bab-El-Oued
2250:Pieter Bruegel the Elder
2138:Brueghel's 1563 painting
1903:Great Pyramid of Cholula
1225:single original language
1190:The Confusion of Tongues
859:, and to Phenech son of
56:Pieter Bruegel the Elder
5364:Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 656
5027:Genesis flood narrative
4813:Young Earth creationism
4803:Progressive creationism
4732:Genesis flood narrative
4591:Tower of Babel – Baruch
4452:Encyclopædia Britannica
4432:Encyclopædia Britannica
3459:Understanding the Bible
3222:(subscription required)
3144:. Palo Alto: Mayfield.
2326:The Art of Doom Eternal
2175:Science fiction writer
2112:American choreographer
2096:representing the story.
1826:a century later in his
1668:Chronicles of Jerahmeel
1404:Giovanni Battista Gelli
911:Antiquities of the Jews
885:Antiquities of the Jews
790:In addition, a further
633:, meaning "confusion".
567:Richard Elliot Friedman
237:Encyclopædia Britannica
5331:Wife–sister narratives
5094:Covenant of the pieces
5021:Genealogies of Genesis
4699:History of creationism
4463:"Tower of Babel"
4421:Sayce, Archibald Henry
3383:; Price, Ira Maurice;
3202:Donald Engels (1985).
3067:Genesis 1-11; Volume 1
2756:The Jewish Study Bible
2573:
2341:La tour de Bab-El-Oued
2277:wrote a story called "
2264:In the web-based game
2179:wrote a story called "
1894:
1858:
1275:to give his throne to
1244:
1221:historical linguistics
1201:
1183:
1032:
977:
946:
905:
899:Lucas van Valckenborch
836:
755:is building a massive
731:Mesopotamian analogues
660:
656:Reconstruction of the
627:to confuse or confound
563:documentary hypothesis
545:
400:cradle of civilization
358:and the latter by the
318:
291:
5008:Serpents in the Bible
4863:Teach the Controversy
4798:Old Earth creationism
4550:Standpunkte Dokumente
4469:Catholic Encyclopedia
4298:"NADIA & REALITY"
4205:Corey, E. C. (2006).
4066:Beverley, H. (1872).
4017:, vol. 3, p. 76.
3235:History of the Franks
2273:Argentinian novelist
2164:The progressive band
1941:Tohono O'odham people
1856:
1840:Comparative mythology
1818:in his 1576 treatise
1690:Luccreth moccu Chiara
1540:Epiphanius of Salamis
1505:Clement of Alexandria
1386:Indo-European studies
1338:De vulgari eloquentia
1238:
1209:Further information:
1188:
1022:
928:
893:
655:
617:version of the name,
538:
301:
209:name of the city was
197:nor elsewhere in the
158:dedicated to the god
5359:Papyrus Berlin 17213
4922:Category:Creationism
4845:Edwards v. Aguillard
4576:by Daniel Gordis at
4529:Samuel Noah Kramer,
4276:(15 November 1989).
4167:"The tower of Babel"
3971:Frazer, James George
3863:Frazer, James George
3393:MacDonald, Duncan B.
3269:Who Wrote the Bible?
2436:Babylonian astronomy
2376:The 2023 video game
2279:The Library of Babel
1849:Greco-Roman parallel
1070:(i, 448 f.) and the
713:Babylonian captivity
396:cultural differences
5426:Ancient Mesopotamia
5144:coat of many colors
5051:Generations of Noah
5023:(5:1–6:8, 11:10–26)
4904:Omphalos hypothesis
4889:Biblical literalism
4879:Anthropic principle
4788:Islamic creationism
4507:Lord Kingsborough,
4502:Historia Chichimeca
4241:Süddeutsche Zeitung
3402:Jewish Encyclopedia
2933:Dietz Otto Edzard:
2476:Generations of Noah
2041:in the land of the
1999:James George Frazer
1702:Auraicept na n-Éces
1622:The Meadows of Gold
1493:descendants of Noah
1395:Auraicept na n-Éces
1299:of Alaska, and the
1295:of California, the
985:Rabbinic literature
863:, as prince of the
855:, as prince of the
796:Neo-Assyrian Empire
123:different languages
64:General information
5385:Textual variations
5100:Sodom and Gomorrah
4991:(1:1–2:3, 2:4–25)
4884:Biblical inerrancy
4808:Theistic evolution
4783:Intelligent design
4689:Creationist museum
4674:Biblical cosmology
3819:. Bradford Books.
3729:(1996, rev. ed.).
3725:p. 117, quoted in
3622:on 1 October 2015.
3508:. pp. 54–55.
3465:. pp. 50–51.
3455:Harris, Stephen L.
3233:Gregory of Tours,
3138:Harris, Stephen L.
3123:– via JSTOR.
2907:Day, John (2014).
2872:www.britannica.com
2844:www.britannica.com
2367:In the video game
2255:In the video game
2209:Bible Ki Kahaniyan
2192:The Books of Babel
2118:The Tower of Babel
2106:Der Thurm zu Babel
2086:Minaret of Samarra
2053:In popular culture
1991:In his 1918 book,
1859:
1828:Sermão da Epifania
1725:Solomon and Saturn
1649:Lebor Gabála Érenn
1609:Historia Brittonum
1583:Isidore of Seville
1536: 350 CE
1515:Hippolytus of Rome
1291:in Australia, the
1245:
1239:Tower of Babel by
1211:Origin of language
1202:
1170:Paraphrase of Shem
1033:
1030:Athanasius Kircher
906:
692: 425 BC
683:. Greek historian
661:
590:Hellenistic period
546:
332:confusio linguarum
319:
310:, cgm 5 fol. 29r (
51:The Tower of Babel
5393:
5392:
5343:Pesher on Genesis
5150:Blessing of Jacob
4930:
4929:
4778:Hindu creationism
4752:Ussher chronology
4563:"Tower of Babel."
4546:978-3-9523540-8-7
4523:Vetus Testamentum
4492:Pr. Diego Duran,
4389:Chants of Sennaar
4224:978-0-8262-6517-3
4184:978-0-88706-912-3
4150:978-1-84540-594-6
3933:Arthur Goldhammer
3911:978-90-04-09702-5
3778:The Gnostic Bible
3515:978-0-380-01032-5
3472:978-0-7674-2916-0
3397:"Babel, Tower of"
3303:978-1-62654-006-4
2975:"Genesis 2 Notes"
2960:978-0-684-81913-6
2920:978-0-567-37030-3
2825:978-0-195-35870-4
2798:978-0-795-33715-4
2771:978-0-195-29751-5
2728:978-0-195-17610-0
2672:migrated eastward
2605:
2598:; Ancient Greek:
2592:
2562:
2542:
2466:Minar (Firuzabad)
2378:Chants of Sennaar
2275:Jorge Luis Borges
2212:, which aired on
2186:Fantasy novelist
2145:Michael Oakeshott
2072:Yahoo! Babel Fish
2047:Admiralty Islands
1977:David Livingstone
1857:Building of Babel
1731:Primary Chronicle
1528:Cave of Treasures
1451:where Adam spoke
1249:pseudolinguistics
1219:For a long time,
1054:Another story in
1015:Islamic tradition
919: 94 CE
783:(Akkad), and the
709:Stephen L. Harris
673:Nebuchadnezzar II
138:Lower Mesopotamia
103:
102:
5478:
5466:Book of Jubilees
5441:Noach (parashah)
5421:Primeval history
5416:Biblical phrases
5172:In the beginning
5112:Binding of Isaac
5088:Battle of Siddim
4980:Primeval history
4957:
4950:
4943:
4934:
4920:
4919:
4768:Creation science
4653:
4646:
4639:
4630:
4538:Babel's Present.
4517:(New York, 1874)
4496:
4488:
4482:
4473:
4465:
4456:
4448:
4436:
4428:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4382:
4376:
4375:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4320:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4270:
4264:
4255:Joshua Rothman,
4253:
4247:
4246:
4235:
4229:
4228:
4212:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4176:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4111:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4050:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4024:
4018:
4012:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3967:
3958:
3957:
3950:
3944:
3925:Olender, Maurice
3922:
3916:
3915:
3897:
3886:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3859:
3853:
3848:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3773:Willis Barnstone
3765:
3759:
3758:
3748:(January 1998),
3746:Parry, Donald W.
3742:
3736:
3719:Daniel H. Ludlow
3716:
3710:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3653:
3647:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3631:
3623:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3594:. Translated by
3586:
3580:
3575:-en-na-da-ab-dug
3541:
3535:
3534:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3494:
3488:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3437:
3431:
3424:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3377:
3366:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3264:
3258:
3248:
3242:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3182:10.2307/27638419
3165:
3156:
3155:
3134:
3125:
3124:
3113:10.2307/27638419
3096:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3062:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3026:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2944:
2938:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2864:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2759:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2687:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2604:romanized:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2591:romanized:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2567:
2565:Pýrgos tês Babél
2557:
2555:
2554:Πύργος τῆς Βαβέλ
2547:
2537:
2535:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2493:
2471:Origin of speech
2429:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2415:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2370:Doshin the Giant
2339:2017 comic book
2267:Forge of Empires
2181:Tower of Babylon
2101:Anton Rubinstein
2013:, as well as in
1987:Other traditions
1834:Comparable myths
1804:Midrash ha-Gadol
1796:
1793:
1783:
1780:
1767:
1764:
1759:Snorri Sturluson
1740:
1737:
1721:
1718:
1698:
1695:
1664:
1661:
1635:
1632:
1618:
1615:
1597:
1594:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1554:
1551:
1537:
1534:
1472:
1416:Goropius Becanus
1135:Valley of Nimrod
1081:
975:
920:
917:
834:
813:Book of Jubilees
807:Book of Jubilees
802:Later literature
693:
690:
637:Possible origins
486:Giovanni Villani
459:
456:
448:
445:
440:Gregory of Tours
430:in human history
412:Book of Jubilees
380:Flavius Josephus
316:
313:
289:
279:
271:
267:
262:
258:
233:
47:
28:
5486:
5485:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5396:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5373:
5347:
5337:Arcana Cœlestia
5309:
5283:
5198:
5155:
5068:Patriarchal age
5062:
4974:
4973:
4968:Book of Genesis
4961:
4931:
4926:
4908:
4867:
4817:
4793:Neo-creationism
4773:Gap creationism
4756:
4709:Book of Genesis
4703:
4662:
4657:
4559:
4513:H.H. Bancroft,
4491:
4476:
4459:
4439:
4419:
4416:
4414:Further reading
4411:
4401:
4399:
4384:
4383:
4379:
4372:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4322:
4321:
4317:
4307:
4305:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4254:
4250:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4225:
4204:
4203:
4199:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4151:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4124:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4043:
4036:
4034:
4026:
4025:
4021:
4013:
4009:
3999:
3997:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3969:
3968:
3961:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3923:
3919:
3912:
3899:
3898:
3889:
3880:
3876:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3849:
3845:
3838:
3834:
3827:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3717:
3713:
3703:
3699:
3692:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3641:
3624:
3610:Ginzberg, Louis
3608:
3607:
3603:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3542:
3538:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3516:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3484:
3480:
3473:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3425:
3421:
3414:
3410:
3389:Ginzberg, Louis
3385:Jastrow, Marcus
3381:Jastrow, Morris
3379:
3378:
3369:
3362:
3358:
3343:10.2307/3267364
3328:
3327:
3323:
3315:
3311:
3304:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3279:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3249:
3245:
3232:
3228:
3221:
3201:
3197:
3167:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3136:
3135:
3128:
3094:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3077:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3052:
3048:
3041:
3028:
3027:
3018:
3008:
3006:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2983:
2981:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2876:
2874:
2866:
2865:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2826:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2751:
2750:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2681:
2677:
2669:
2665:
2656:
2652:
2637:
2633:
2618:
2614:
2584:
2580:
2534:מִגְדַּל בָּבֶל
2522:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2446:Enuma Anu Enlil
2425:
2420:
2418:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2397:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2354:The Rabbi's Cat
2220:Chris Huelsbeck
2188:Josiah Bancroft
2120:in 1993 at the
2078:Pieter Brueghel
2055:
1989:
1973:
1953:
1937:
1907:Dominican friar
1899:
1863:Greek mythology
1851:
1846:
1836:
1794:
1781:
1774:Book of the Bee
1765:
1738:
1719:
1696:
1662:
1633:
1616:
1595:
1576:
1569:
1562:The City of God
1552:
1535:
1489:
1473:(1648–1705) in
1466:
1374:language family
1333:Dante Alighieri
1327:Adamic language
1315:Hebrew language
1233:
1217:
1207:
1162:
1152:to the goddess
1123:
1075:
1064:Harut and Marut
1017:
1005:Sefer ha-Yashar
982:
976:
973:
951:
918:
888:
841:
835:
832:
809:
804:
733:
691:
681:Antiochus Soter
650:
645:
639:
598:
582:John Van Seters
551:
533:
494:John Mandeville
457:
446:
408:
368:
356:Priestly source
324:
314:
296:
290:
285:Genesis 11:1–9
284:
277:
269:
265:
260:
256:
251:
191:
119:Book of Genesis
59:
38:
37:מִגְדַּל בָּבֶל
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5484:
5482:
5474:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5406:Tower of Babel
5398:
5397:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5387:
5381:
5379:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5340:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5317:
5315:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5275:
5269:
5263:
5257:
5251:
5245:
5239:
5233:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5208:
5206:
5204:Torah readings
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5163:
5161:
5160:Notable verses
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5147:
5137:
5131:
5128:Jacob's Ladder
5125:
5115:
5109:
5103:
5097:
5091:
5085:
5080:
5073:
5071:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5057:Tower of Babel
5054:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5024:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5010:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4985:
4983:
4976:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4952:
4945:
4937:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4853:
4848:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4825:
4823:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4764:
4762:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4747:Tower of Babel
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4713:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4648:
4641:
4633:
4627:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4593:
4587:Tower of Babel
4583:SkyscraperPage
4580:
4571:
4566:
4558:
4557:External links
4555:
4554:
4553:
4536:Kyle Dugdale:
4534:
4527:
4518:
4511:
4505:
4498:
4489:
4474:
4457:
4443:, ed. (1911).
4441:Chisholm, Hugh
4437:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4377:
4370:
4353:
4334:
4315:
4304:. 13 June 2019
4289:
4265:
4261:The New Yorker
4248:
4230:
4223:
4197:
4183:
4156:
4149:
4129:
4122:
4096:
4075:
4058:
4019:
4007:
3982:
3959:
3945:
3917:
3910:
3887:
3874:
3854:
3843:
3832:
3825:
3805:
3791:
3760:
3737:
3711:
3697:
3690:
3670:
3648:
3639:
3601:
3581:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3551:: an-ki ningin
3536:
3521:
3514:
3489:
3486:Genesis 11:1–9
3478:
3471:
3446:
3432:
3419:
3408:
3367:
3356:
3321:
3309:
3302:
3284:
3277:
3259:
3243:
3226:
3219:10.2307/295030
3213:(3): 298–311.
3195:
3157:
3150:
3126:
3082:
3075:
3057:
3046:
3039:
3016:
2991:
2966:
2959:
2939:
2926:
2919:
2899:
2884:
2856:
2831:
2824:
2804:
2797:
2777:
2770:
2741:
2727:
2707:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2675:
2663:
2650:
2631:
2612:
2578:
2487:
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2484:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2416:
2413:Judaism portal
2402:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2374:
2365:
2358:
2337:
2329:
2297:
2282:
2271:
2262:
2253:
2246:Tower of Babel
2236:
2217:
2204:
2195:
2184:
2173:
2162:
2152:
2141:
2125:
2110:
2097:
2075:
2054:
2051:
2003:Lozi mythology
1988:
1985:
1972:
1969:
1952:
1949:
1936:
1933:
1898:
1895:
1887:1.151–155 as:
1850:
1847:
1835:
1832:
1824:António Vieira
1816:José de Acosta
1741:); the Jewish
1728:; the Russian
1686:Cu cen mathair
1674:Sefer haYashar
1488:
1485:
1464:Pierre Besnier
1420:Abraham Mylius
1303:of Guatemala.
1232:
1229:
1206:
1203:
1161:
1158:
1129:, a man named
1127:Book of Mormon
1122:
1121:Book of Mormon
1119:
1115:Yahiya Emerick
1073:Lisān al-ʿArab
1016:
1013:
981:
978:
971:
958:pseudepigrapha
950:
947:
895:Tower of Babel
887:
881:
851:, but also to
840:
837:
830:
808:
805:
803:
800:
732:
729:
649:
646:
641:Main article:
638:
635:
625:, which means
621:, to the verb
597:
594:
577:Michael Coogan
550:
547:
532:
529:
407:
404:
376:Garden of Eden
367:
364:
354:former by the
323:
320:
304:Rudolf von Ems
295:
292:
282:
250:
247:
241:this reflects
215:folk etymology
190:
187:
125:and cultures.
107:Tower of Babel
101:
100:
94:
90:
89:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
61:
60:
48:
40:
39:
33:
32:
31:Tower of Babel
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5483:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
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5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
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5429:
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5409:
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5386:
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5380:
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5360:
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5339:
5338:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
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5319:
5318:
5316:
5312:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5286:
5280:(47:28–50:26)
5279:
5276:
5274:(44:18–47:27)
5273:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5243:
5240:
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5151:
5148:
5145:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5119:
5116:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5098:
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5046:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5015:Cain and Abel
5013:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4984:
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4897:
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4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
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4874:
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4861:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4822:Controversies
4820:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
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4759:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4727:Flood geology
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4679:Creation myth
4677:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4654:
4649:
4647:
4642:
4640:
4635:
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4624:
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4610:
4606:
4603:
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4588:
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4510:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4490:
4486:
4481:
4475:
4471:
4470:
4464:
4458:
4454:
4453:
4447:
4446:"Babel"
4442:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4427:
4426:"Babel"
4422:
4418:
4417:
4413:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4390:
4381:
4378:
4373:
4371:4-575-16201-9
4367:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4349:
4345:
4338:
4335:
4330:
4326:
4319:
4316:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4275:
4274:Menon, Ramesh
4269:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4244:
4242:
4234:
4231:
4226:
4220:
4216:
4211:
4210:
4201:
4198:
4186:
4180:
4175:
4174:
4168:
4163:Reprinted as
4160:
4157:
4152:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4133:
4130:
4125:
4123:0-85170-623-1
4119:
4115:
4110:
4109:
4100:
4097:
4092:
4088:
4087:
4079:
4076:
4071:
4070:
4062:
4059:
4054:
4048:
4032:
4031:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4011:
4008:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3983:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3955:
3949:
3946:
3942:
3941:0-674-51052-6
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3921:
3918:
3913:
3907:
3903:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3885:, ii. 251–255
3884:
3878:
3875:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3836:
3833:
3828:
3826:9780262661652
3822:
3818:
3817:
3809:
3806:
3794:
3792:9781590306314
3788:
3784:
3780:
3779:
3774:
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3761:
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3756:
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3747:
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3734:
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3728:
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3715:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3701:
3698:
3693:
3691:9780028642338
3687:
3683:
3682:
3674:
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3658:
3652:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3635:
3629:
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3611:
3605:
3602:
3597:
3593:
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3546:
3540:
3537:
3532:
3525:
3522:
3517:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3498:Asimov, Isaac
3493:
3490:
3487:
3482:
3479:
3474:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3450:
3447:
3442:
3436:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3412:
3409:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3364:Genesis 10:10
3360:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3317:Levenson 2004
3313:
3310:
3305:
3299:
3295:
3288:
3285:
3280:
3278:0-06-063035-3
3274:
3270:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3254:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3239:abridged form
3236:
3230:
3227:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3153:
3151:9780874846966
3147:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3093:
3086:
3083:
3078:
3072:
3068:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3050:
3047:
3042:
3040:9780195332728
3036:
3032:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2980:
2976:
2970:
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2962:
2956:
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2911:
2903:
2900:
2895:
2888:
2885:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2827:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2808:
2805:
2800:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2781:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2730:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2711:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2693:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2596:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2551:
2550:Ancient Greek
2546:
2540:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2517:
2492:
2489:
2482:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2417:
2414:
2403:
2400:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2226:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2193:
2190:has a series
2189:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2130:'s 1927 film
2129:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2099:The composer
2098:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2060:Douglas Adams
2057:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1975:According to
1970:
1968:
1966:
1963:and northern
1962:
1958:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1943:, holds that
1942:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1884:Metamorphoses
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1855:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1789:
1788:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1703:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1669:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1557:St. Augustine
1547:
1546:
1541:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1519:On the Psalms
1516:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1444:Andreas Kempe
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1428:Olaus Rudbeck
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1384:in 1815; see
1383:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1371:Indo-European
1367:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1347:Divine Comedy
1342:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1289:Encounter Bay
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1242:
1237:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:Book of Ether
1143:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1000:
996:
994:
991:
986:
979:
970:
968:
961:
959:
955:
948:
945:
942:
938:
934:
927:
924:
913:
912:
904:
903:Louvre Museum
900:
896:
892:
886:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
838:
829:
827:
823:
816:
814:
806:
801:
799:
797:
793:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
745:
740:
739:Sumerian myth
736:
730:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
705:
703:
699:
698:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
659:
654:
647:
644:
636:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
603:
595:
593:
591:
587:
583:
578:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
548:
543:
542:
537:
530:
528:
526:
522:
518:
515:In his book,
513:
511:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
479:
475:
471:
470:circumference
467:
463:
452:
441:
437:
435:
431:
427:
424:
419:
417:
413:
405:
403:
401:
397:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
365:
363:
361:
357:
352:
348:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
321:
309:
305:
300:
293:
288:
281:
275:
248:
246:
244:
240:
238:
232:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
188:
186:
184:
182:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
151:
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
99:
98:§ Height
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
62:
57:
53:
52:
46:
41:
34:
29:
26:
22:
5451:Torah places
5431:Origin myths
5335:
5268:(41:1–44:17)
5262:(37:1–40:23)
5256:(32:4–36:43)
5250:(28:10–32:3)
5244:(25:19–28:9)
5238:(23:1–25:18)
5236:Chayei Sarah
5232:(18:1–22:24)
5226:(12:1–17:27)
5056:
5045:Curse of Ham
4995:Adam and Eve
4966:
4894:Created kind
4855:
4843:
4746:
4717:Adam and Eve
4577:
4549:
4537:
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4484:
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4402:13 September
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4394:
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4348:The Atlantic
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4029:
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3994:
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3840:Genesis 11:1
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3777:
3769:Marvin Meyer
3763:
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3740:
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3722:
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3651:
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3590:
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3060:
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3004:NRSVUE Bible
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3000:"Genesis 11"
2994:
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2979:NRSVUE Bible
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2574:Turris Babel
2545:Miḡdal Bāḇel
2491:
2427:Islam portal
2399:Bible portal
2368:
2362:social media
2352:
2344:
2340:
2331:
2325:
2321:Doom Eternal
2319:
2314:Doom Eternal
2312:
2306:
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2291:
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2245:
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2031:Karen people
2011:Kongo people
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1990:
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1938:
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1918:
1900:
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1882:
1871:Gigantomachy
1860:
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1813:
1808:
1802:
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1746:
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1301:K'iche' Maya
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1025:Turris Babel
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923:Hebrew Bible
909:
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717:Isaac Asimov
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4660:Creationism
4283:India Today
3798:14 February
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3563:-ga den-lil
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3428:Antiquities
2877:5 September
2849:4 September
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2227:game series
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2166:Soul Secret
2159:Babel Tower
2155:A. S. Byatt
2114:Adam Darius
2094:his woodcut
2090:M.C. Escher
2023:Kuki people
1910:Diego Durán
1795: 1284
1782: 1221
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1174:great flood
1099:Abu al-Fida
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596:Historicity
531:Composition
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308:Weltchronik
170:was called
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111:origin myth
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5254:Vayishlach
5224:Lech-Lecha
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4742:Noah's Ark
4000:24 October
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3337:(4): 580.
3255:in English
3076:1579582206
2694:References
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1600:Longobards
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702:Zeus Belus
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648:Etemenanki
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4047:cite book
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498:furlongs
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294:Analysis
283:—
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207:Akkadian
178:legend,
176:Sumerian
156:ziggurat
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4526:(1976).
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980:Midrash
937:bitumen
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1269:Hermes
1243:(1958)
1154:Innana
1107:Hebrew
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287:NRSVUE
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160:Marduk
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2027:Assam
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1965:India
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4219:ISBN
4192:2018
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4053:link
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3665:2013
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