656:. The fleet required constant maintenance and outfitting. The Venetian Arsenal was not only able to function as a major shipyard, but was also responsible for these routine maintenance stops that most Venetian galleys required. This required financing, for which the Venetian government spent almost 10% of its revenues. This naval power resulted in the domination of Mediterranean commerce. Venice's leading families, largely merchants and noblemen, were responsible for creating some of the grandest palaces and employing some of the most famous artists ever known. This opulence and wealth would not have been possible without the naval force constructed by the Arsenal. With the creation of the Great Galley and the mass production capacity of the Arsenal, "the fleets of Venice were the basis for the greatest commercial power the European world had yet seen".
553:, and the development and introduction of the Great Galley, the Venetian Arsenal would start to take on its industrial form. The invention of the Great Galley itself is significant because they were able to be built frame-first. This process used less timber than the earlier hull-first building system, resulting in much faster build times. This was crucial to the process that would lead to the Arsenal becoming a mass-production center. By the 16th century, the Arsenal had become the most powerful and efficient shipbuilding enterprise in the world. Not only did it supply ships, rigging, and other nautical supplies, it was also a major munitions depot for the Venetian navy and was capable of outfitting and producing fully equipped merchant or naval vessels at the rate of one per day.
82:
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561:, planking and cabins, and final assembly. Each stage employed its own workers who specialized in that particular stage of production as well as using standardized parts to produce an almost assembly-line process. The Arsenal often kept up to 100 galleys in different stages of production and maintenance. That way, once a galley was launched, another could be immediately put into the finishing stages of production. The layout of the Arsenal itself was modified to enable minimal handling of materials during the stages of production. The Arsenal also saw the use of standardized, interchangeable parts.
346:
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181:, building ships that sailed from the city's port. With high walls shielding the Arsenal from public view and guards protecting its perimeter, different areas of the Arsenal each produced a particular prefabricated ship part or other maritime implement, such as munitions, rope, and rigging. These parts could then be assembled into a ship in as little as one day. An exclusive forest owned by the Arsenal navy, in the
581:
624:'s questions concerning shipbuilding and navigation, found in the Mechanical Questions of Aristotle. As a result of these investigations, which were pursued by observing the work of the shipwrights, Galileo was asked to help in resolving a specific problem with the rowing units of the galleys. As a result of his study of Aristotle, and in particular Question 4 regarding the
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537:
The
Arsenal's capacity for production was rare in a time when "most of Europe had no manufacturing abilities more efficient than the guild system, the slow and tradition-bound way craftsmen had of passing on skills to their sons or apprentices while monopolizing production and sale of craft pieces
556:
In the rest of Europe the production of a similar sized vessel could often take months. This large production capacity was a result of the massive number of people that the
Arsenal employed, almost 16,000, and the streamlining of production within the Arsenal itself. Production was divided into 3
568:, were moved along during their stages of construction, allowing them to be brought to the materials and workers, instead of the materials and workers going to the galley itself. This assembly approach was repeated in the rest of the world only starting from the early 20th century when
1115:
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practice. This new system was much faster and required less wood. At the peak of its efficiency in the early 16th century, the
Arsenal employed some 16,000 people who apparently were able to produce nearly one
628:
of ships by oar, Galileo was able to produce a response to this question and ended up becoming a major source of information for the shipbuilders of the
Arsenal concerning matters of rowing, instruments, and
1132:ή τεχνίτες εργάζονται όμως και στα βενετσιάνικα ναυπηγεία και τους ναυσταθμους στο Αιγαίο (Χανιά, Ηράκλειο, Μεθώνη, Κορώνη, Χαλκίδα, Πρέβεζα και Κέρκυρα) όπως επίσης και στο ναύσταθμο της ίδιας της Βενετίας
648:. This would not have been possible without an extremely large navy and merchant force. By 1450, over 3,000 Venetian merchant ships were in operation, both as supply ships for Venetian merchants and as
227:, although there is no evidence for such a precise date. It definitely existed by the early 13th century. However, if this date is precise, that would make the factory 920 years old today (2024).
549:
was simply a larger and more efficient version of the original. Prior to this time the
Arsenal had served mainly as a place to maintain privately built ships. With the creation of the
608:
of the
Arsenal. As a result of his interactions with the Arsenal, Galileo published a book later in his life addressing a new field of modern science, that concerned with the
349:
Gianmaria
Maffioletti's print depicting the Venetian Arsenal in 1797, with ships, facilities, and equipment, immediately before the pillage by Bonaparte's occupation forces. (
1378:
1808:
223:-style establishment may have existed as early as the 8th century, though the present structure is usually said to have been begun in 1104 during the reign of
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1840:
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After years of disuse and neglect, parts of the
Venetian Arsenal complex have been modernized and repurposed to serve as the operations centre for Venice's
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431:, with guns mounted on wheeled carriages along the sides in the modern fashion. It was slow and unwieldy in battle, however, and few were ever built. The
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In the late 16th century, the
Arsenal's designers experimented with larger ships as platforms for heavy naval guns. The largest was the
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Iordanou, Ioanna (2015). "Pestilence, Poverty, and
Provision: Re-evaluating the Role of the Popolani in Early Modern Venice".
173:, spanning an area of about 45 hectares (110 acres), or about fifteen percent of Venice. Surrounded by a 2-mile (3.2 km)
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328:, creating armor-piercing rounds. Arsenal-produced arms were also noteworthy for their multi-purpose utility; the Venetian
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One revolutionary aspect of the Arsenal was its employment of the moving assembly line. The galleys, through the use of a
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The Venetian Arsenal was not the mass production facility that it was to become until about 1320 with the creation of the
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Dolinsky, Anton. "Inventory Management History Part Three: Venetian Arsenal - Ahead of Their Time". Almyta Systems.
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Venice built also a network of Venetian arsenals, serving primarily the purpose of repair, and naval stations in
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was unique for its time and resulted in possibly the single largest industrial complex in Europe prior to the
911:
1981:
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Trade, piracy, and naval warfare in the central Mediterranean: The maritime history and archaeology of Malta
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to be both constructed and maintained in one place. The Arsenal incidentally became an important center for
1697:
845:
A multicriteria approach for the evaluation of the sustainability of re-use of historic buildings in Venice
192:
The Arsenal produced the majority of Venice's maritime trading vessels, which generated much of the city's
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220:
894:
Launching a Thousand Ships: Entrepreneurs, War Workers, and the State in American Shipbuilding, 1940-1945
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began using the modern assembly line, which was later changed into a moving assembly line by Henry Ford.
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and instrument makers and helping to solve shipbuilders' problems, many of them relating to matters of
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The staff of the Arsenal, who were united by their distinct professional identity, also developed new
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defacements that were purportedly carved into it by Scandinavian mercenaries in the 11th century.
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Sustainability indicators and environmental valuation paper - Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
620:'s initial visits to the Arsenal were as a result of his initiative to further investigate
250:) was built, much larger than the original. It enabled all the state's navy and the larger
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439:". It was useful in major naval battles, but not in the small bays and off the extensive
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and resistance of materials. This science largely saw its roots in the knowledge of the
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in a given region... The Arsenal was something different, a harbinger of future times."
423:, and developed from the old merchanting "great galley". It was huge, propelled by both
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Central Connecticut State University Master of Science in International Studies Thesis.
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338:, is usually given credit as being the first to mount the Arsenal's new lighter-weight
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Shipbuilders of the Venetian Arsenal: Workers and Workplace in the Pre-Industrial City
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College of Fine and Professional Arts of Kent State University Master of Arts Thesis.
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Shipbuilders of the Venetian Arsenal: Workers and Workplace in the preindustrial city
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604:. He was also responsible for creating some major innovations in the production and
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The Art of Renaissance Venice: Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting, 1460-1590
916:. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 201, back cover.
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A Concise Economic History of the World: From Paleolithic Times to the Present
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157:. It was "one of the earliest large-scale industrial enterprises in history".
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manufacture, and housing for the Arsenal workers grew up outside its walls.
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466:. It is also used as a research center and an exhibition venue during the
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Venice, the lagoon and the Adriatic Sea: a historic struggle for survival
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situated beside it were added in 1687. One of the lions, known as the
141:. Owned by the state, the Arsenal was responsible for the bulk of the
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Arsenale di Venezia - Official webpage by the Municipality of Venice
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era. It became the largest industrial complex in Europe before the
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Entrance to the Arsenal ca. 1860–70. Photo by Venetian photographer
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H.W. Longfellow trans. from Canto xxi of Inferno, quoted in Lane,
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Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise to Western Power
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644:'s wealth and power rested in its ability to control trade in the
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Construction of the Arsenal began around 1104, during Venice's
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each day, and could fit out, arm, and provision a newly built
462:, and later rebuilt to enable the Arsenal's present use as a
361:, was built around 1460 and was one of the first works of
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in the 1370s and numerous small arms for use against the
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http://www.almyta.com/Inventory_Management_History_3.asp
177:, laborers and shipbuilders regularly worked within the
1104:(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973): 1-2.
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Significant parts of the Arsenal were destroyed under
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1117:Nautikḗ parádosē sto Aigaío: tarsanádes kai skariá
616:of the Venetian Arsenal. It is also supposed that
668:, a flood defence system intended to protect the
950:. Oxford, U.K.: Osprey Publishing. p. 22.
870:: A vignette of fifteenth-century Venetian life
530:This one makes oars and that one cordage twists
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489:The Venetian Arsenal's ability to mass-produce
16:Shipbuilding factory of the Republic of Venice
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526:The ribs of that which many a voyage has made
211:of Venice, and it is now owned by the state.
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762:List of buildings and structures in Venice
524:One makes his vessel new, and one recaulks
320:a few years later. The muzzle velocity of
234:worked merely to maintain privately built
20:
1730: Administrative magistracies
812:Hanson, Victor Davis (18 December 2007).
528:One hammers at the prow, one at the stern
522:For sail they cannot; and instead thereof
520:To smear their unsound vessels over again
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851:October 2008. Accessed 30 January 2010.
843:Giove, S., Rosato, P. & Breil, M. "
798:. Oxford University Press. p. 161.
786:
501:. So much so, that it was mentioned in
300:View of the Entrance to the Arsenal by
265:warships in the Arsenal, including the
70:
1002:August 2005. Accessed 30 January 2010.
983:Texas A&M University Ph.D. Thesis.
883:August 2007. Accessed 30 January 2010.
189:, provided the Arsenal's wood supply.
74:Click on the map for a fullscreen view
1046:Wolters, Wolfgang and Huse, Norbert,
898:Northwestern University Ph.D. Thesis.
62:
54:
46:
42:The main gate at the Venetian Arsenal
7:
900:June 2003. Accessed 30 January 2010.
818:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
807:
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477:Venetian Arsenal, 1724 engraving by
1705: Judicial magistracies
985:May 2004. Accessed 30 January 2010.
518:Boils in winter the tenacious pitch
342:on mobile carriages for field use.
1778:Riformatori dello studio di Padova
1168:High-resolution 360° Panoramas of
1120:. Hypourgeio Aigaiou. p. 26.
794:Rondo Cameron; Larry Neal (2003).
516:As in the Arsenal of the Venetians
133:clustered together in the city of
89:above the main gate at the Arsenal
14:
1743:Provveditori sopra beni communali
1720: Fiscal magistracies
777:, Johns Hopkins University Press.
363:Venetian Renaissance architecture
312:at an early date, beginning with
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947:Renaissance War Galley 1470-1590
324:was improved beyond that of the
36:
1748:Provveditori sopra beni inculti
944:Konstam, A.; Bryan, T. (2002).
396:. Two marble lions looted from
289:basis not seen again until the
1584: Principal organs
1336:Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari
204:in 1797. It is located in the
1:
1753:Esecutori contro la bestemmia
1439:Serrata del Maggior Consiglio
1164:thetis - What is the Arsenale
699:, including shipyards in the
357:The Arsenal's main gate, the
285:with standardized parts on a
198:fall of the Venetian Republic
196:and power, lasting until the
1926:Venetian commercial shipping
1836:Provveditore Generale da Mar
1290:History of the Doge's Palace
365:. It was based on the Roman
261:Venice developed methods of
1443:Wars of expansion in Italy
1102:Venice: A Maritime Republic
1061:Venice, a Maritime Republic
1014:The Economic History Review
719:). Such locations included
636:
2092:
2071:Military history of Venice
1831:Captain General of the Sea
1768:Cinque savi alla mercanzia
1114:Kōstas Damianidēs (1997).
1091:. Springer: New York, 2010
454:Venetian Arsenal main gate
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1992:Accademia degli Incogniti
1952:
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1649:Procurators of Saint Mark
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596:to the Arsenal, advising
584:Statue of Galileo Galilei
125:) is a complex of former
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35:
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1331:Santa Maria della Salute
757:Venetian arsenal, Gouvia
1957:Scuole Grandi of Venice
1296:Gallerie dell'Accademia
773:Robert C.Davis (1991).
415:, already used at the
238:ships, but in 1320 the
109:Venetian Arsenal towers
1783:Magistrato alla Sanità
1738:Provveditori all'Armar
1341:Santi Giovanni e Paolo
1100:Frederic Chapin Lane,
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269:system to replace the
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1733:Magistrato alle acque
1698:Correttori alle Leggi
1469:Ottoman–Venetian wars
1434:Venetian–Genoese wars
1281:Ca' Vendramin Calergi
1154:at Wikimedia Commons
864:Hunting on the lagoon
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672:from tidal flooding.
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499:Industrial Revolution
495:assembly-line process
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171:Industrial Revolution
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1515:Domini di Terraferma
1326:San Giorgio Maggiore
1170:Arsenale | Art Atlas
1087:Valleriani, Matteo.
910:Davis, R.C. (2007).
637:Venice's naval power
351:Naval History Museum
230:Initially the state
1997:Accademia Veneziana
1962:Gothic architecture
1693:Avogadoria de Comùn
868:two Venetian ladies
336:Bartolomeo Colleoni
155:early modern period
123:Arsenale di Venezia
2076:Industrial history
2014:Carnival of Venice
1713:Lords of the Night
1637:Savi di Terraferma
1632:Savi del Consiglio
1622:Signoria of Venice
1598:promissione ducale
1424:Chrysobull of 1082
1389:Republic of Venice
1346:St Mark's Basilica
1311:Punta della Dogana
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875:2013-12-04 at the
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1150:Media related to
1127:978-960-7859-03-7
1026:10.1111/ehr.12131
994:O'Connell, G.C. "
957:978-1-84176-443-6
923:978-0-8018-8625-6
825:978-0-307-42518-8
713:Kingdom of Candia
417:Battle of Lepanto
392:from a design by
143:Venetian Republic
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48:Opening date
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1608:(abolished 1423)
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248:New Arsenal
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2055:Categories
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782:References
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437:round ship
353:, Venice).
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588:In 1593,
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1987:Painting
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304:, 1732.
244:Italian
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153:to the
119:Italian
31:Arsenal
1671:Senate
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1545:Cyprus
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729:Koroni
707:, the
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697:Greece
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545:. The
398:Athens
283:galley
187:Veneto
135:Venice
85:Stone
2039:Index
1982:Music
1887:Zecca
1841:Ranks
1664:Zonta
1555:Morea
1550:Crete
1063:, 163
1030:S2CID
721:Corfu
717:Crete
690:Corfu
566:canal
503:Dante
425:sails
406:runic
390:]
379:Istra
271:Roman
236:naval
139:Italy
56:Owner
2009:Flag
1931:Muda
1882:Lira
1587:Doge
1474:Fall
1122:ISBN
965:2010
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866:and
820:ISBN
743:and
684:The
429:oars
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375:Pula
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