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1403:)), but the equipment module unexpectedly remained attached to the reentry module by a bundle of wires. At around 07:35 UTC, the two parts of the spacecraft began reentry and went through strong gyrations as Vostok 1 neared Egypt. At this point the wires broke, the two modules separated, and the descent module settled into the proper reentry attitude. Gagarin telegraphed "Everything is OK" despite continuing gyrations; he later reported that he did not want to "make noise" as he had (correctly) reasoned that the gyrations did not endanger the mission (and were apparently caused by the spherical shape of the reentry module). As Gagarin continued his descent, he remained conscious as he experienced about 8
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Vostok; the government forced the cosmonaut to lie in press conferences, and the FAI certified the flight. The Soviet Union did not admit until 1971 that
Gagarin had ejected and landed separately from the Vostok descent module. Gagarin's spaceflight records were nonetheless certified and reaffirmed by the FAI, which revised its rules, and acknowledged that the crucial steps of the safe launch, orbit, and return of the pilot had been accomplished. Gagarin is internationally recognised as the first human in space and first to orbit the Earth.
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must realise that it is hard to express my feelings now that the test for which we have been training ardently and long is at hand. I don't have to tell you what I felt when it was suggested that I should make this flight, the first in history. Was it joy? No, it was something more than that. Pride? No, it was not just pride. I felt very happy - to be the first in space, to engage in an unprecedented duel with Nature - could one dream of anything greater than that?
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668:, compared to the relatively short single-orbit mission of Vostok 1. When Gagarin and Titov were informed of the decision during a meeting on April 9, Gagarin was very happy, and Titov was disappointed. On 10 April, this meeting was reenacted in front of television cameras, so there would be official footage of the event. This included an acceptance speech by Gagarin. As an indication of the level of secrecy involved, one of the other cosmonaut candidates,
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the achievement even more impressive. Unlike the United States, the USSR had to begin from a position of tremendous disadvantage. Its industrial infrastructure had been ruined, and its technological capabilities were outdated at best. A good portion of its land had been devastated by war, and it had lost about 25 million citizens ... but it was the totalitarian state that overwhelmingly took the lead .
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988:, and a few others, periodically joking and singing songs. Following a series of tests and checks, about forty minutes after Gagarin entered the spacecraft, its hatch was closed. Gagarin, however, reported that the hatch was not sealed properly, and technicians spent about 15 minutes removing all the screws and sealing the hatch again. According to a 2014 obituary, Vostok's chief designer,
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857:. This was because medical staff and spacecraft engineers were unsure how a human might react to weightlessness, and therefore it was decided to lock the pilot's manual controls. In an unusual move, a code to unlock the controls was placed in an onboard envelope, for Gagarin's use in case of emergency. Prior to the flight, Kamanin and others told Gagarin the code (1-2-5) anyway.
894:), Gagarin and Titov were given a final review of the flight plan. They were informed that launch was scheduled to occur the following day, at 09:07 Moscow Time. This time was chosen so that when the capsule started to fly over Africa, which was when the retrorockets would need to fire for reentry, the solar illumination would be ideal for the orientation system's sensors.
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1622:, then the US ambassador to the United Nations, was quoted as saying, "Now that the Soviet scientists have put a man into space and brought him back alive, I hope they will also help to bring the United Nations back alive," and on a more serious note urged international agreements covering the use of space (which did not occur until the
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ensure a good night's sleep, but they both declined. Physicians had attached sensors to the cosmonauts, to monitor their condition throughout the night, and they believed that both had slept well. Gagarin's biographers Doran and Bizony say that neither
Gagarin nor Titov slept that night. Chief Designer
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The six crewed Vostok missions used names of birds as their call signs, and the Vostok 1 spacecraft was known as
Swallow in keeping with this convention. However, due to its special importance, a terrestrial call sign Cedar (or: Siberian Pine) was used for Vostok 1 during flight. This code name was
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wrote that "the people of
Washington, London, Paris and all points between might have been dancing in the streets" if it were not for "doubts and suspicions" about Soviet intentions. Other US writers were concerned that the spaceflight had gained a propaganda victory on behalf of communism. President
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Vostok 1 crossed the equator at about 170° West in a southeast direction, and began crossing the South
Pacific. Gagarin transmitted over HF radio, "I am transmitting the regular report message: 9 hours 48 minutes (Moscow Time), the flight is proceeding successfully. Spusk-1 is operating normally. The
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At 18:00, once various physiological readings had been taken, the doctors instructed the cosmonauts not to discuss the upcoming missions. That evening
Gagarin and Titov relaxed by listening to music, playing pool, and chatting about their childhoods. At 21:50, both men were offered sleeping pills, to
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The landing site is now a monument park. The central feature in the park is a 25 m (82 ft) tall monument that consists of a silver metallic rocketship rising on a curved metallic column of flame, from a wedge shaped, white stone base. In front of this is a 3-meter (9 foot) tall white stone
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rules in 1961 required that a pilot must land with the spacecraft to be considered an official spaceflight for the FAI record books. Although some contemporary Soviet sources stated that
Gagarin had parachuted separately to the ground, the Soviet Union officially insisted that he had landed with the
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Annihayat
Nurskanova and her granddaughter, Rita, observed the strange scene of a figure in a bright orange suit with a large white helmet landing near them by parachute. Gagarin later recalled, "When they saw me in my space suit and the parachute dragging alongside as I walked, they started to back
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will undoubtedly remain one of the major milestones in not only the history of space exploration, but also the history of the human race itself. The fact that this accomplishment was successfully carried out by the Soviet Union, a country completely devastated by war just sixteen years prior, makes
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and out over the North
Pacific Ocean. Gagarin radioed, "...the lights are on on the descent mode monitor. I'm feeling fine, and I'm in good spirits. Cockpit parameters: pressure 1; humidity 65; temperature 20; pressure in the compartment 1; first automatic 155; second automatic 155; pressure in the
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Burgess and Hall, p.151. During a post-flight press conference on April 15, Alexander
Nesmeyanov claimed that Gagarin took a sleeping pill. Also, Siddiqi, p.273, claims that they were both asleep at 21:30 when Korolev came to visit them, but Burgess and Hall, p.151, says Korolev spoke with them at
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spacecraft, and at 07:10 local time (04:10 UTC), the radio communication system was turned on. Once Gagarin was in the spacecraft, his picture appeared on television screens in the launch control room from an onboard camera. Launch would not occur for another two hours, and during the time Gagarin
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space capsule, were transported several kilometers to the launch pad, in a horizontal position. Once they arrived at the launch pad, a quick examination of the booster was conducted by technicians to make sure everything was in order. When no visible problems were found, the booster was erected on
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But then I thought of the tremendous responsibility of being the first to accomplish what generations of people had dreamed of, the first to show man the way into space... Can you think of a task more difficult than the one assigned to me. It is not responsibility to a single person, or dozens of
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In a few minutes a mighty spaceship will take me into the far-away expanses of the Universe. What can I say to you in these last minutes before the start? I see my whole past life as one wonderful moment. Everything I have experienced and done till now has been in preparation for this moment. You
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p. 28, April 14, 1961. "But because of the distrust that now exists among the great nations, and has plunged them into huge programs of deadly rearmament, an achievement by one which carries a clear and direct potential of military supremacy engenders fear of its use.... And so it has become as
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During this time Gagarin requested some music to be played over the radio. Korolev was reportedly suffering from chest pains and anxiety, as up to this point the Soviet space launch rate was 50% (12 out of 24 launches had failed). Two Vostoks had failed to reach orbit due to launch vehicle
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In his autobiography, Gagarin recalled that, looking at the spacecraft before start, he was "seized with an unprecedented rise of all mental strength <...> some extraordinary words were born that I had never used before in everyday speech." This was not true; according to historian
2842:», в ред. Федерального закона №59-ФЗ от 10 апреля 2009 г «О внесении изменения в статью 1.1 федерального закона "О днях воинской славы и памятных датах России"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", No.52, 15 марта 1995 г.
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technology, and that "the news will be worse before it's better." Kennedy also sent congratulations to the Soviet Union for their "outstanding technical achievement." Opinion pages of many US newspapers urged renewed efforts to overtake the Soviet scientific accomplishments.
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officially recognized three space records claimed by Gagarin: duration in orbital flight—108 minutes, greatest altitude in earth orbital flight—327 kilometres (203 mi), greatest mass lifted in earth orbital flight—4,725 kilograms (10,417 lb).
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Khabarovsk ground station sent the message "KK" via telegraph (on HF radio to Vostok 1). This was a code meaning, "Report the monitoring of commands," a request for Gagarin to report when the spacecraft automated descent system had received its instructions from ground
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As Vostok 1 began its diagonal crossing of the Pacific Ocean from Kamchatka Peninsula to the southern tip of South America, Gagarin requested information about his orbital parameters: "What can you tell me about the flight? What can you tell me?". The ground station at
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At 07:55 UTC, when Vostok 1 was still 7 km (4.3 mi) from the ground, the hatch of the spacecraft was released, and two seconds later Gagarin was ejected. At 2.5 km (8,200 ft) altitude, the main parachute was deployed from the Vostok spacecraft.
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mobile index of the descent mode monitor is moving. Pressure in the cockpit is 1; humidity 65; temperature 20; pressure in the compartment 1.2 ... Manual 150; First automatic 155; second automatic 155; retro rocket system tanks 320 atmospheres. I feel fine...."
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It is a matter of minutes now before the start. I say to you good-bye, dear friends, just as people say to each other when setting out on a long journey. I would like very much to embrace you all - people known and unknown to me, close friends and strangers
928:, because I draw strength from unexampled exploits performed by my compatriots, Soviet men and women. I know that I shall muster all my will power the better to do the job. Realising its importance, I will do all I can to carry out the assignment of the
664:. In an April 5 diary entry, Kamanin wrote that he was still undecided between Gagarin and Titov. "The only thing that keeps me from picking is the need to have the stronger person for the one day flight." Kamanin was referring to the second mission,
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The flight was celebrated as a great triumph of Soviet science and technology, demonstrating the superiority of the socialist system over capitalism. Moscow and other cities in the USSR held mass demonstrations, the scale of which was comparable to
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in the event the retrorockets failed. The provisions included food for Gagarin. As focus was made on food that would not form crumbs, Gagarin was provided with liver meat puree and chocolate sauce, packed in metal toothpaste-style tubes.
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1726:, sent a telegram to Khrushchev as follows: "Let this victory of his become the victory of all mankind, which men and women in all corners of the earth perceived as the greatest hope for the destinies of freedom, prosperity and peace."
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Gagarin reported the sun-seeking attitude control system was switched on; this oriented Vostok 1 for retrofire. The automatic/solar system was backed up by a manual/visual system; either one could operate the two redundant cold
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didn't have his orbital parameters yet, and reported back, "There are no instructions from No. 20 , and the flight is proceeding normally." (Ground control did not know until 25 minutes after launch that a stable orbit had been
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At 05:30 Moscow time, on the morning of 12 April 1961, both Gagarin and his backup Titov were woken. They were given breakfast, assisted into their spacesuits, and then were transported to the launch pad. Gagarin entered the
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Gagarin reported, "...the flight is continuing well. I can see the Earth. The visibility is good.... I almost see everything. There's a certain amount of space under cumulus cloud cover. I continue the flight, everything is
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available to receive signals from the spacecraft. Instead they relied on the network of ground stations, also called Command Points, to communicate with the spacecraft; all of these Command Points were located within the
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for Khabarovsk, and they responded, "Repeat. I can't hear you very well". Gagarin transmitted again, "I feel very good. Give me your data on the flight!" Vostok 1 then passed out of VHF range of the Khabarovsk ground
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1260:), the transmitters have been switched on, and we are transmitting this: the flight is proceeding as planned and the orbit is as calculated." Vostok 1 was now known to be in a stable orbit; Gagarin acknowledged.
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1702:, said that "that delightful event opens up new prospects for human thought and activity, which will be put at the service of the progress and well-being of people, international peace as a whole."
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consisted of a single orbit around Earth which skimmed the upper atmosphere at 169 kilometers (91 nautical miles) at its lowest point. The flight took 108 minutes from launch to landing. Gagarin
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Gagarin's parachute opened almost immediately, and about ten minutes later, at 08:05 UTC, Gagarin landed. Both he and the spacecraft landed via parachute 26 km (16 mi) south west of
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I would like to dedicate this first space flight to the people of communism, a society which our Soviet people are already entering, and which, I am confident, all men on earth will enter.
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Gagarin transmitted to the Khabarovsk ground station, "I feel splendid, very well, very well, very well. Give me some results on the flight!". At this time, Vostok 1 was nearing the VHF
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malfunctions and another two malfunctioned in orbit. Korolev was given a pill to calm him down. Gagarin, on the other hand, was described as calm; about half an hour before launch his
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as backups. These assignments were formally made on April 8, four days before the mission, but Gagarin had been a favourite among the cosmonaut candidates for at least several months.
992:, personally helped rebolt the hatch. There is some disagreement over whether the hatch was in fact not sealed correctly, as a more recent account stated the indication was false.
611:, in 1957. Both countries wanted to develop spaceflight technology quickly, particularly by launching the first successful human spaceflight. The Soviet Union secretly pursued the
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1138:, I can't hear you very well. I feel fine. I'm in good spirits. I'm continuing the flight..." Vostok 1 started to move out of radio range of the Baikonur ground station.
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The letters "СССР" were hand-painted onto Gagarin's helmet by engineer Gherman Lebedev during transfer to the launch site. As it had been less than a year since
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Korolev: How One Man Masterminded the Soviet Drive to Beat America to the Moon: How One Man Masterminded the Soviet Drive to Beat the Americans to the Moon
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function) in the event of retrorocket malfunction. However, the actual orbit differed from the planned and would not have allowed descent until 20 days.
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Burgess and Hall, p.141. The press said that Titov was so happy for Gagarin that he almost kissed him, but Titov denies this – Burgess and Hall, p.145.
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away in fear. I told them, don't be afraid, I am a Soviet citizen like you, who has descended from space and I must find a telephone to call Moscow!"
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Am I happy to be starting on a space flight? Of course I am. In all times and all eras man's greatest joy has been to take part in new discoveries.
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re-entry capsule belongs to the S. P. Korolev RSC Energia Museum in Korolev City. In 2018 it was temporarily loaned to the Space Pavilion at the
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to record a new film of what Gagarin would have seen of the Earth from his spaceship, by matching historical audio recordings to video from the
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likewise expressed hopes that the cold war would "turn into a peaceful race in infinite space" and turn away from armed conflicts such as the
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1113:(T+ 300 s) The rocket core stage used up its propellant and fell away from the capsule and final rocket stage. The final rocket stage ignited.
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834:, Lebedev reasoned that without some country identification, there was a small chance the cosmonaut might be mistaken for a spy on landing.
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praised the Soviet Union for "a great victory of man over the forces of nature" and urged that it be "considered as a victory for peace."
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impossible for either of the groups divided by the Cold War to welcome unreservedly such feats as Major Gagarin's in the opposite camp."
1101:(T+ 156 s) The payload shroud covering Vostok 1 was released, uncovering a window at Gagarin's feet, with an optical orientation device
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950:, Gagarin "was essentially forced to utter a stream of banalities prepared by anonymous speechwriters" taped much earlier in Moscow.
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urged "that both the United States and the Soviet Union should use their new knowledge and techniques for the good of mankind," and
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in the USSR, and is celebrated today in Russia as one of the official "Commemorative Dates of Russia." In 2011, it was declared the
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Vostok 1 passed over central Russia. Gagarin reported, "Everything is working very well. All systems are working. Let's keep going!"
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Ground trace of Gagarin's complete orbit; the landing point is west of the takeoff point because of the Earth's eastward rotation.
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Gagarin sent a fourth spacecraft status message; Moscow received this partial message: "I read you well. The flight is going...."
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people, to all mankind, to its present and its future. And if I am nevertheless venturing on this flight, it is because I am a
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2018:
Gagarin's mission lasted 106 minutes, not 108 minutes, the duration that was reported for 50 years and even made book titles.
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The Vostok 1 capsule was designed to carry a single cosmonaut. Yuri Gagarin was chosen as the prime pilot of Vostok 1, with
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argued that America had the resources to have sent a man into space first but was beaten by Soviet purposefulness. Japan's
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transcript of Gagarin's radio conversations with ground stations, starting 2hrs before launch, and other related documents
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described mixed feelings in the United States due to fears of the spaceflight's potential military implications for the
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wrote a note to the Party Central Committee to convince them that the announcement should be made as early as possible:
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Gagarin sent another spacecraft status message, similar to the one at 06:48. This was not received by ground stations.
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Vostok 1 continued on its journey as the sun set over the North Pacific. Gagarin crossed into night, northwest of the
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On Amending Article 1.1 of the Federal Law "On the Days of Military Glory and the Commemorative Dates in Russia"
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The rocket final stage shut down and Vostok 1 reached orbit. Ten seconds later the rocket separated from the capsule.
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statue of Yuri Gagarin, wearing a spacesuit, with one arm raised in greeting and the other holding a space helmet.
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as Gagarin radioed, "...I'm continuing the flight, and I'm over America. I transmitted the telegraph signal "ON".
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Before the mission, Gagarin made a statement to the press, addressed to the Soviet Union and to the whole world:
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The final decision of who would fly the mission relied heavily on the opinion of the head of cosmonaut training,
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619:. Vostok launched several precursor uncrewed missions between May 1960 and March 1961, to test and develop the
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Siddiqi, p.276; neither Siddiqi, nor Hall and Shayler claim that music was actually played after this request.
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At 07:25 UTC, the spacecraft's automatic systems brought it into the required attitude (orientation) for the
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The automatic orientation system brought Vostok 1 into alignment for retrofire about 1 hour into the flight.
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2476:ЮРИЙ ГАГАРИН: «ВИЖУ ЗЕМЛЮ!» ПРЕЗИДЕНТСКАЯ БИБЛИОТЕКА – К 90-ЛЕТИЮ СО ДНЯ РОЖДЕНИЯ ПЕРВОГО КОСМОНАВТА ПЛАНЕТЫ
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672:, later recalled that he did not know who was chosen for the mission until after the spaceflight had begun.
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UTC (T+ 676 s) Gagarin reported, "The craft is operating normally. I can see Earth in the view port of the
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Vostok 1 passed over the South Atlantic, into daylight again. At this point, retrofire is 15 minutes away.
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Dear friends, both known and unknown to me, fellow countrymen, men and women of all lands and continents!
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used to camouflage the significance of the mission to potential eavesdroppers until success was assured.
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1336:. The main capsule, seen in the center of this picture, is now on display at the Space Pavilion at the
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Siddiqi describes it as a "tranquilizer pill", while Hall and Shayler describe it as a "cardiac pill".
2532:"Подлинная история полета Гагарина. Юрий Батурин рассказывает, как человечество зашло на новый виток"
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3145:"Why Yuri Gagarin remains the first man in space, even though he did not land inside his spacecraft"
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during the Russian expedition to the south polar region in 1819–1820. Some sources connect the name
1091:(T+ 119 s) The four strap-on boosters of the Vostok rocket used up the last of their propellant and
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Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in
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claimed that "the success of Soviet scientists and astronauts does honor to Europe and humanity".
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The First Man In Space – NASA/JPL translation of Soviet Radio and Newspaper Reports – May 1, 1961
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Harry Schwartz, "Moscow: Flight is taken as another sign that communism is the conquering wave,"
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to the ground separately from his capsule after ejecting at 7 km (23,000 ft) altitude.
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2103:"This New Ocean: A History of Project Mercury, Chapter 10, Section: "Vostok Wins the First Lap""
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in Sweden chided "free countries" for "splitting up and frittering away" their resources, while
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1512:(b) it precludes any foreign government declaring that the cosmonaut is a military scout."
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report immediately after the satellite-spacecraft enters orbit, for the following reasons:
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Siddiqi, p.273; In a post-flight press conference, Gagarin also stated that he slept well.
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2838:Государственная Дума. Федеральный закон №32-ФЗ от 13 марта 1995 г. «
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Officially, the U.S. congratulated the Soviet Union on its accomplishments. Writing for
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at the tip of South America. News of the Vostok 1 mission was broadcast on Radio Moscow.
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3040:«Великий триумф Советского Союза». Высказывания иностранных политиков о полете Гагарина
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was quoted as saying that it would be "some time" before the US could match the Soviet
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engine. The spacecraft carried 13 days of provisions to allow for survival and natural
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1509:(a) if a rescue becomes necessary, it will facilitate rapid organization of a rescue;
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The Khabarovsk ground station sent Gagarin via HF radio, "By order of No. 33 (General
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superpowers, began just before the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial
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Gagarin sent another spacecraft status message, also not received by ground stations.
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p. E11 (April 16, 1961). Quotes of reactions from many US and international sources.
2870:"UN Resolution A/RES/65/271, The International Day of Human Space Flight (12 April)"
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1525:, the nation's highest honour. He also became an international celebrity, receiving
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Records file on the first space flight by the USSR citizen Youri Alexeyvich Gagarin
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3519:
3200:"Google Maps – Vostok 1 Landing Site – Monument Park Location – Satellite photo"
1846:
1837:
1711:
1477:
1345:
1316:
Gagarin sent another spacecraft status message, not received by ground stations.
1310:
Gagarin sent another spacecraft status message, not received by ground stations.
891:
819:
794:
487:
1219:. Out of VHF range with ground stations, communications continued via HF radio.
3901:
3791:
3709:
3694:
3389:
2846:
2102:
2006:
1899:
1857:
1850:, was released online to celebrate the 50th anniversary of human spaceflight.
1703:
1328:
1194:
1059:
596:
545:
1551:("Let's go!") became a historical phrase used to refer to the arrival of the
1440:
1427:
902:
did not sleep that night, due to anxiety caused by the imminent spaceflight.
382:
369:
316:
303:
3393:
1734:
1552:
925:
608:
604:
578:
556:
3323:
The first Soviet cosmonaut team: their lives, legacy, and historical impact
3174:
1784:
3342:
The rocket men: Vostok & Voskhod, the first Soviet manned spaceflights
3988:
3947:
3854:
3843:
3796:
3689:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3086:"'Let's go!' – FAI celebrates 60th Anniversary of Gagarin's space flight"
2325:"(russian) "Where did the writing CCCP come from?" with authentic photos"
1664:
1597:
1247:
1132:
Three minutes into the burn of the final rocket stage, Gagarin radioed, "
882:
853:
The entire mission would be controlled by either automatic systems or by
665:
600:
508:
281:
2951:
Arthur Krock, "In The Nation; Concentration of Science on Outer Space,"
2855:, as amended by the Federal Law #59-FZ of April 10, 2009
1555:
in human history. Later it was included in the refrain of a Soviet song
842:
627:. These missions had varied degrees of success, but the final two—
28:
3976:
3953:
3870:
3818:
3714:
3679:
3019:"Юрий Гагарин – первый человек в космосе. 50 лет со дня первого полёта"
2509:
1695:
1457:
1404:
1375:
Ten seconds after retrofire, commands were sent to separate the Vostok
1172:
238:
3396:
including the preparation, Gagarin's flight, and Gagarin back on Earth
1352:
engine fired for about 42 seconds over the west coast of Africa, near
1796:
Four decades after the flight, historian Siddiqi wrote that Vostok 1
1739:
1353:
873:
recorded 11 April 1961, at 19 hours and 35 minutes. Exhibited at the
532:
4007:. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
2117:"Why was Apollo called Apollo? The history of spacecraft call signs"
1490:
Gagarin's flight was announced while Gagarin was still in orbit, by
3434:
2852:
On the Days of Military Glory and the Commemorative Dates in Russia
2289:
2058:
Challenge To Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945–1974
1008:
798:
Model of the Vostok spacecraft with its upper stage, on display in
3773:
2462:
1783:
1675:
1639:
1476:
1468:
1357:
1327:
1267:
1152:
1007:
997:
957:
864:
841:
793:
635:—were complete successes, allowing the first crewed flight.
567:
442:
432:
142:
3242:"Google Maps – Vostok 1 Landing Site – Yuri Gagarin Statue photo"
846:
Part of the Vostok 1 instrument panel prominently displaying the
3039:
2849:. Federal Law #32-FZ of March 13, 1995
2290:""Тогда Юра вернулся на землю не из космоса, а с того света!..""
2101:
Swenson, Loyd S. Jr.; Grimwood, James M.; Alexander, Charles C.
2062:
1719:
1715:
1503:
3624:
3438:
2776:"Yuri Gagarin: Sixty years since the first man went into space"
1250:
gas thruster systems, each with 10 kg (22 lb) of gas.
1171:. Everything is proceeding as planned". Vostok 1 moved on over
2934:
1070:
271:
3221:"Google Maps – Vostok 1 Landing Site – Rocket Monument photo"
2859:. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
2750:"Yuri Gagarin, 12 April 1961: "I come from outer space!" (1)"
2673:"Тогда Юра вернулся на землю не из космоса, а с того света!."
3430:
Collection of American newspapers featuring Gagarin's flight
1266:
Vostok 1 was over the South Pacific between New Zealand and
1018:
1012:
Yuri Gagarin aboard Vostok 1, as televised to ground control
881:
At Baikonur Cosmodrome on the morning of 12 April 1961, the
2148:"Google Maps – Vostok 1 Launch Pad – Gagarin's Start photo"
1407:
during reentry. (Gagarin's own report states "over 10 g".)
2389:
2387:
2263:
2261:
920:
people, or even a collective. It is responsibility to all
1648:
voiced worries that orbital platforms might be used for
645:
Vostok programme § Cosmonaut selection and training
599:
between the Soviet Union and the United States, the two
2984:
2982:
1239:
Gagarin reported he was on the night side of the Earth.
2190:"Google Maps – Vostok 1 Landing Site – Monument Photo"
1751:
were among those who sent congratulatory telegrams to
806:
Unlike later Vostok missions, there were no dedicated
2582:"VOSTOK 1 : FIRST MANNED SPACEFLIGHT IN HISTORY"
1398:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2962:
3585:
3568:
3527:
3472:
1788:Commemorative monument, Vostok-1 landing site near
1332:The Vostok 1 capsule when it was on display at the
818:Because of weight constraints, there was no backup
471:
461:
451:
441:
431:
421:
411:
406:
361:
345:
340:
288:
277:
258:
253:
204:
194:
186:
181:
165:
157:
149:
136:
125:
120:
104:
94:
81:
60:
52:
42:
3405:An analysis of the flight of Vostok 1 – Sven Grahn
3175:"Yuri Gagarin: Who was the first person in space?"
2350:
3423:"Yuri Gagarin & the First Human Space Flight"
3052:"Го Мо-жо. Гимн космическому кораблю «Восток»".
2169:"Google Maps – Vostok 1 Landing Site – Monument"
1578:) which was dedicated to the memory of Gagarin.
3021:. retroportal.ru. 12 April 2011. Archived from
2284:
2282:
1798:
1502:"We consider it advisable to publish the first
912:
2048:
2046:
1714:, Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of the
1592:shortly after the flight, however, journalist
4003:. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in
3636:
3450:
3068:"Space Marks Accorded To Gagarin and Shepard"
2840:О днях воинской славы и памятных датах России
2836:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
1166:
1133:
1102:
232:
226:
214:
208:
8:
562:aboard, making him the first human to reach
169:2.30 m (7 ft 6.5 in) diameter
21:
2972:"Opinion of the Week: At Home and Abroad,"
2128:
2126:
832:U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers was shot down
3643:
3629:
3621:
3457:
3443:
3435:
2906:Большой словарь цитат и крылатых выражений
2078:The Pictorial History of World Spaceflight
754:
715:
674:
486:
72:
27:
20:
2629:"Remembering Yuri Gagarin 50 Years Later"
3035:
3033:
1186:retro-rocket system 320 atmospheres...."
3340:Rex Hall, David Shayler (18 May 2001).
3321:Colin Burgess, Rex Hall (2 June 2010).
3275:"Movie recreates Gagarin's spaceflight"
3013:
3011:
2305:"A bite sized history of food in space"
1937:
1916:
1538:International Day of Human Space Flight
615:in competition with the United States'
3091:Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
2804:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 169.
2363:from the original on 22 September 2014
1981:"Spaceflight mission report: Vostok 1"
1955:Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
1057:
2692:
2690:
2622:
2620:
2237:Quoted in Burgess and Hall, p.140-141
1945:
1943:
1941:
1576:He said "Let's go!" He waved his hand
1000:was recorded at 64 beats per minute.
764:
725:
684:
7:
1348:firing, and shortly afterwards, the
906:Gagarin statement before the mission
3377:108 minutes which changed the world
2508:: 50. 17 April 2001. Archived from
2498:"Подготовка изделия идет нормально"
2218:. The USSR Central Aero Club. 1961.
1706:, head of the State Council of the
1557:Do You Know What Kind of Guy He Was
1521:. Gagarin was awarded the title of
1175:as it passed over the Soviet Union.
885:rocket, together with the attached
536:) was the first spaceflight of the
4050:Spacecraft which reentered in 1961
2774:Rosenberg, Steve (12 April 2021).
2627:Whiting, Melanie (27 March 2018).
2559:Aviation Week and Space Technology
1951:"Aviation and Space World Records"
1896:Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen
1093:dropped away from the core vehicle
16:First human spaceflight in history
14:
3155:from the original on 18 June 2019
3143:Lewis, Cathleen (12 April 2010).
2708:from the original on 10 June 2020
1368:within 13 days (the limit of the
564:orbital velocity around the Earth
3518:
3273:Amos, Jonathan (23 March 2011).
2675:интернет-газета "Русская Берёза"
2303:Kendall, Dan (15 January 2020).
2134:"Vostok 1 – NSSDC ID: 1961-012A"
1874:
1860:
1820:In 2011, documentary film maker
1058:Problems playing this file? See
1036:
976:chatted with the mission's main
774:
735:
694:
3120:. 21 April 1961. Archived from
2800:Harford, James (8 April 1997).
2671:Руденко М. И. (May–June 2008).
2007:"The Vostok (3A No. 3) mission"
875:Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics
802:'s "Russia in Space" exhibition
2654:"1961: Soviets win space race"
2580:Khurana, Sukant (4 May 2018).
848:"Globus" navigation instrument
555:on 12 April 1961, with Soviet
153:4,725 kg (10,417 lb)
84:
1:
3149:National Air and Space Museum
2698:"ЗВЕЗДНЫЙ РЕЙС ЮРИЯ ГАГАРИНА"
161:2,400 kg (5,290 lb)
3056:(in Russian) (5): 5–6. 1961.
2903:Душенко, Константин (2014).
2461:(in Russian). Archived from
1519:World War II Victory Parades
980:, as well as Chief Designer
100:1 hour, 46 minutes
98:1 hour, 48 minutes
4025:Spacecraft launched in 1961
3074:. 23 July 1961. p. 35.
2561:, September 29, 2014, p.11-
2352:"Oleg Ivanovsky - obituary"
2276:Hall and Shayler, p.148-149
1834:International Space Station
1731:Chinese Academy of Sciences
1527:numerous awards and honours
1473:A copy of the Vostok rocket
1399:
1360:had been selected to cause
1167:
1134:
1103:
233:
215:
141:Experimental Design Bureau
4076:
3114:"The Cruise of the Vostok"
2119:. Royal Museums Greenwich.
1708:People's Republic of China
1383:(code name "little ball" (
1107:(lit. "look" or "glance").
642:
588:
447:327 km (177 nmi)
3997:
3675:
3516:
3361:108 минут, изменившие мир
3344:. Springer. p. 350.
3304:January 22, 2012, at the
2837:
1906:to Bellingshausen's ship.
1547:Gagarin's informal reply
1388:
1181:Vostok 1 passed over the
1074:Launch occurred from the
966:(right) before the flight
772:
769:
733:
730:
692:
689:
542:human orbital spaceflight
523:
485:
481:
437:181 km (98 nmi)
402:
398:
336:
332:
249:
245:
227:
209:
177:
173:
116:
112:
38:
26:
4030:1961 in the Soviet Union
2905:
2892:6.2 Он сказал «Поехали!»
2754:www.reflexions.uliege.be
2728:"The flight of Vostok 1"
2421:Burgess and Hall, p.153.
1650:surprise nuclear attacks
1523:Hero of the Soviet Union
3608:Gagarin: First in Space
3359:Антон Первушин (2011).
3325:. Praxis. p. 356.
3299:Tattoo Archive – Vostok
3005:p. E3 (April 16, 1961).
2992:p. E1 (April 16, 1961).
2702:epizodsspace.airbase.ru
2614:Hall and Shayler, p.150
2487:Burgess and Hall, p.153
2393:Burgess and Hall, p.150
2381:Burgess and Hall, p.156
2267:Burgess and Hall, p.151
2255:Burgess and Hall, p.142
2228:Burgess and Hall, p.140
1698:, the President of the
566:and to complete a full
317:45.920278°N 63.342222°E
2909:(in Russian). Litres.
2431:Gagarin, Yuri (2001).
2080:. Exeter. p. 18.
1844:. The resulting film,
1803:
1793:
1532:April 12 was declared
1514:
1482:
1474:
1441:51.270682°N 45.99727°E
1341:
1158:
1023:
1013:
967:
943:
932:and the Soviet people.
878:
850:
803:
492:Yuri Gagarin in Sweden
383:51.270682°N 45.99727°E
33:Launch of the Vostok 1
2437:. The Minerva Group.
2359:. 21 September 2014.
2310:National Space Centre
1957:(FAI). Archived from
1894:was the lead ship of
1826:European Space Agency
1787:
1729:The President of the
1700:Republic of Indonesia
1630:Other world reactions
1500:
1480:
1472:
1331:
1276:Vostok 1 crossed the
1156:
1022:
1011:
961:
869:Electrocardiogram of
868:
845:
797:
412:Reference system
349:April 12, 1961, 07:55
262:April 12, 1961, 06:07
121:Spacecraft properties
3659:Orbital launches in
3262:"RSC Energia Museum"
2459:"ДО СКОРОЙ ВСТРЕЧИ!"
2076:Yenne, Bill (1988).
1754:Komsomolskaya Pravda
1568:Alexandra Pakhmutova
1465:Reactions and legacy
621:Vostok rocket family
322:45.920278; 63.342222
47:Soviet space program
3576:(incorporated into
2931:1961 Year in Review
2434:Soviet Man in Space
2357:The Daily Telegraph
2331:on January 15, 2017
1882:Soviet Union portal
1572:Nikolai Dobronravov
1481:Gagarin's spacesuit
1446:51.270682; 45.99727
1437: /
1370:life support system
1334:RKK Energiya museum
1324:Reentry and landing
1183:Kamchatka Peninsula
1076:Baikonur Cosmodrome
756:
717:
676:
575:orbital spaceflight
553:Baikonur Cosmodrome
388:51.270682; 45.99727
379: /
353:1961-04-12UTC07:56Z
313: /
266:1961-04-12UTC06:07Z
53:Harvard designation
23:
4040:Human spaceflights
3603:(2011 documentary)
3375:(Anton Pervushin.
3124:on 4 February 2013
3072:The New York Times
3025:on 7 January 2012.
3003:The New York Times
2990:The New York Times
2974:The New York Times
2953:The New York Times
2890:Pervushin (2011),
2826:7.1 Гражданин мира
2824:Pervushin (2011),
1868:Spaceflight portal
1794:
1624:Outer Space Treaty
1603:Detroit Free Press
1589:The New York Times
1483:
1475:
1358:perigee and apogee
1342:
1278:Strait of Magellan
1159:
1024:
1014:
968:
879:
851:
804:
755:
716:
675:
570:around the Earth.
551:was launched from
457:64.95 degrees
407:Orbital parameters
4060:Soviet inventions
4055:April 1961 events
4012:
4011:
3618:
3617:
3578:Voskhod programme
3392:– short video by
3370:978-5-699-48001-2
3332:978-0-387-84823-5
2916:978-5-699-40115-4
2512:on 28 August 2021
1898:, who discovered
1822:Christopher Riley
1692:Charles de Gaulle
1686:Laotian Civil War
1655:Svenska Dagbladet
1582:American reaction
1397:
1045:
838:Automatic control
800:Frankfurt Airport
787:
786:
748:
747:
709:
708:
705:Only spaceflight
517:
516:
467:89.1 minutes
4067:
3732:Korabl-Sputnik 5
3727:Korabl-Sputnik 4
3685:Tyazhely Sputnik
3664:
3663:
3662:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3622:
3611:(2013 docudrama)
3522:
3510:Korabl-Sputnik 5
3505:Korabl-Sputnik 4
3495:Korabl-Sputnik 3
3490:Korabl-Sputnik 2
3480:Korabl-Sputnik 1
3466:Vostok programme
3459:
3452:
3445:
3436:
3426:
3411:
3374:
3355:
3336:
3308:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3270:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3028:
3026:
3015:
3006:
2999:
2993:
2988:"Man in Space",
2986:
2977:
2970:
2957:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2866:
2860:
2844:
2843:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2694:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2660:. 12 April 1961.
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2624:
2615:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2562:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2538:on 15 April 2021
2534:. Archived from
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2502:Kommersant-Vlast
2494:
2488:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2465:on 1 April 2021.
2455:
2449:
2448:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2382:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2354:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2327:. Archived from
2321:
2315:
2314:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2277:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2256:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2054:Siddiqi, Asif A.
2050:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1987:. 11 August 2020
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1961:on July 26, 2009
1947:
1925:
1921:
1884:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1636:Jawaharlal Nehru
1565:
1534:Cosmonautics Day
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1402:
1392:
1390:
1217:Hawaiian Islands
1170:
1137:
1135:Zarya-1, Zarya-1
1106:
1047:
1046:
1021:
890:LC-1. At 10:00 (
782:Grigori Nelyubov
779:
778:
757:
740:
739:
718:
699:
698:
677:
655:Grigori Nelyubov
633:Korabl-Sputnik 5
629:Korabl-Sputnik 4
613:Vostok programme
591:Vostok programme
544:in history. The
538:Vostok programme
525:
504:Korabl-Sputnik 5
490:
433:Perigee altitude
394:
393:
391:
390:
389:
384:
380:
377:
376:
375:
372:
356:
354:
328:
327:
325:
324:
323:
318:
314:
311:
310:
309:
306:
269:
267:
254:Start of mission
236:
230:
229:
218:
212:
211:
145:
105:Orbits completed
95:Mission duration
86:
77:
76:
70:
31:
24:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4008:
3993:
3960:Mercury-Atlas 5
3922:Mercury-Scout 1
3882:Mercury-Atlas 4
3762:Mercury-Atlas 3
3671:
3670:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3649:
3619:
3614:
3593:Gagarin's Start
3581:
3564:
3523:
3514:
3468:
3463:
3417:
3409:
3390:Gagarin's Start
3386:
3371:
3358:
3352:
3339:
3333:
3320:
3317:
3312:
3311:
3306:Wayback Machine
3297:
3293:
3283:
3281:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3260:
3256:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3193:
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3094:. 22 March 2021
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1824:partnered with
1782:
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1745:Charlie Chaplin
1671:Yomiuri Shimbun
1634:Prime Minister
1632:
1620:Adlai Stevenson
1609:John F. Kennedy
1584:
1559:
1488:
1486:Soviet reaction
1467:
1445:
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1258:Nikolai Kamanin
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1050:Gagarin's voice
1048:
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986:Nikolai Kamanin
956:
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930:Communist Party
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863:
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662:Nikolai Kamanin
647:
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617:Project Mercury
593:
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443:Apogee altitude
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34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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4045:Vostok program
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3596:
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3574:Vostok 7 to 13
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3531:
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3507:
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3500:Vostok-1K No.4
3497:
3492:
3487:
3485:Vostok-1K No.1
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3384:External links
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2872:. 7 April 2011
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2586:Sukant Khurana
2572:
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2523:
2504:(in Russian).
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1836:following the
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1613:launch vehicle
1583:
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1542:United Nations
1496:Sergei Korolev
1487:
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1420:Saratov region
1381:reentry module
1377:service module
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990:Oleg Ivanovsky
982:Sergei Korolev
955:
952:
907:
904:
900:Sergei Korolev
862:
859:
855:ground control
839:
836:
808:tracking ships
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589:Main article:
586:
583:
540:and the first
515:
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496:Vostok program
493:
483:
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477:April 12, 1961
475:
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341:End of mission
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13:
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3973:
3972:Discoverer 36
3970:
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3933:Discoverer 35
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3928:Discoverer 34
3926:
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3908:Discoverer 33
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3890:
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3877:Discoverer 30
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3865:Discoverer 29
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3837:Discoverer 28
3834:
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3830:Discoverer 27
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3787:Discoverer 25
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3781:Discoverer 24
3778:
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3749:Discoverer 23
3747:
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3743:Discoverer 22
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3705:Discoverer 21
3703:
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3700:Discoverer 20
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3379:; in Russian)
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3351:1-85233-391-X
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2939:U.S. in Space
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2097:
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2089:
2087:0-7917-0188-3
2083:
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1830:Paolo Nespoli
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1760:World records
1759:
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1749:Gianni Rodari
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1681:Akhbar El Yom
1677:
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1646:
1645:The Economist
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1459:
1458:kolkhoz woman
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1401:
1395:
1386:
1382:
1378:
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1367:
1366:orbital decay
1363:
1359:
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1350:liquid-fueled
1347:
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1206:radio horizon
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1149:Time in orbit
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1143:
1140:
1136:
1131:
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962:Gagarin with
960:
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951:
949:
942:
941:See you soon!
931:
927:
923:
911:
905:
903:
901:
895:
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884:
876:
872:
867:
861:12 April 1961
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824:orbital decay
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743:Gherman Titov
738:
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670:Alexei Leonov
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4035:Yuri Gagarin
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3966:Zenit-2 No.1
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3598:
3595:(launch pad)
3534:
3419:Asif Siddiqi
3410:(in Russian)
3376:
3360:
3341:
3322:
3315:Bibliography
3294:
3282:. Retrieved
3278:
3268:
3257:
3245:. Retrieved
3236:
3224:. Retrieved
3215:
3203:. Retrieved
3194:
3182:. Retrieved
3178:
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3157:. Retrieved
3148:
3138:
3126:. Retrieved
3122:the original
3117:
3108:
3096:. Retrieved
3089:
3080:
3071:
3062:
3053:
3047:
3042:. In Russian
3027:. In Russian
3023:the original
3002:
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2952:
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2925:
2898:
2886:
2874:. Retrieved
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2783:. Retrieved
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2648:
2636:. Retrieved
2632:
2610:
2601:
2589:. Retrieved
2585:
2575:
2566:
2553:
2548:. In Russian
2540:. Retrieved
2536:the original
2526:
2514:. Retrieved
2510:the original
2505:
2501:
2492:
2483:
2478:. In Russian
2471:
2463:the original
2453:
2433:
2426:
2417:
2408:
2398:
2377:
2367:25 September
2365:. Retrieved
2356:
2345:
2333:. Retrieved
2329:the original
2319:
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2251:
2242:
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2193:. Retrieved
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2151:. Retrieved
2142:
2111:
2096:
2077:
2071:
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2017:
2010:. Retrieved
2001:
1989:. Retrieved
1984:
1975:
1963:. Retrieved
1959:the original
1919:
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1819:
1810:
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1728:
1724:Fidel Castro
1690:
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1660:West Germany
1653:
1643:
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1618:
1601:
1594:Arthur Krock
1587:
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1492:Yuri Levitan
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948:Asif Siddiqi
944:
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852:
829:
817:
813:Soviet Union
805:
790:Preparations
702:Yuri Gagarin
659:
648:
594:
572:
560:Yuri Gagarin
531:
527:
519:
518:
494:
362:Landing site
346:Landing date
199:Yuri Gagarin
158:Landing mass
137:Manufacturer
18:
3860:Explorer 13
3850:Explorer 12
3768:Explorer 11
3737:Explorer 10
3600:First Orbit
3247:26 December
3226:26 December
3205:26 December
2335:October 12,
2195:25 December
2174:25 December
2153:25 December
1847:First Orbit
1838:ground path
1817:in Moscow.
1712:Kim Il Sung
1566:written by
1560: [
1444: /
1346:retrorocket
892:Moscow Time
820:retrorocket
453:Inclination
386: /
320: /
289:Launch site
259:Launch date
150:Launch mass
4019:Categories
3938:Transit 4B
3902:Westford 1
3792:Transit 4A
3710:Transit 3B
3695:Explorer 9
3128:5 November
2876:19 January
2847:State Duma
2557:Obituary,
2403:this time.
1985:Spacefacts
1932:References
1900:Antarctica
1828:astronaut
1704:Zhou Enlai
1626:of 1967).
1600:, and the
1549:Poyekhali!
1432:45°59′50″E
1429:51°16′14″N
1198:achieved.)
1195:Khabarovsk
1083:Poyekhali!
1060:media help
1031:Poyekhali!
887:Vostok 3KA
877:in Moscow.
643:See also:
597:Space Race
585:Background
579:parachuted
546:Vostok 3KA
522:(Russian:
416:Geocentric
374:45°59′50″E
371:51°16′14″N
308:63°20′32″E
305:45°55′13″N
166:Dimensions
130:Vostok-3KA
126:Spacecraft
4001:underline
3983:DS-1 No.2
3915:DS-1 No.1
3569:Cancelled
3394:Roscosmos
3363:. Эксмо.
3054:Новый Мир
1965:March 12,
1840:taken by
1735:Guo Moruo
1553:Space Age
1418:, in the
1394:romanized
1379:from the
1079:Site No.1
926:Communist
609:Sputnik 1
605:satellite
557:cosmonaut
426:Low Earth
357: UTC
234:Lastochka
187:Crew size
68:1961-012A
62:COSPAR ID
56:1961 Mu 1
3989:FTV-2203
3948:Ranger 2
3855:Ranger 1
3844:Vostok 2
3797:SOLRAD 3
3755:Vostok 1
3690:Venera 1
3560:Vostok 6
3555:Vostok 5
3550:Vostok 4
3545:Vostok 3
3540:Vostok 2
3535:Vostok 1
3473:Uncrewed
3302:Archived
3284:27 March
3279:BBC News
3153:Archived
2785:12 April
2780:BBC News
2706:Archived
2679:31 March
2658:BBC News
2591:2 August
2542:15 April
2361:Archived
2012:12 March
1991:12 March
1904:Vostok 1
1854:See also
1842:Vostok 1
1811:Vostok 1
1792:, Russia
1665:Die Welt
1598:Cold War
1248:nitrogen
1226:control.
1209:station.
973:Vostok 1
883:Vostok-K
761:Position
722:Position
681:Position
666:Vostok 2
601:Cold War
520:Vostok 1
509:Vostok 2
293:Baikonur
282:Vostok-K
228:Ласточка
205:Callsign
43:Operator
22:Vostok 1
4005:italics
3977:OSCAR 1
3954:Samos 4
3897:Midas 4
3871:Samos 3
3824:Midas 3
3819:TIROS-3
3802:Injun 1
3715:LOFTI-1
3680:Samos 2
3586:Related
3421:(ed.).
3184:13 July
3159:12 June
3098:18 July
2759:17 June
2734:2 April
2712:17 June
2638:4 April
2516:2 April
2136:. NASA.
2105:. NASA.
1696:Sukarno
1540:by the
1396::
1385:Russian
1364:due to
1362:reentry
1173:Siberia
964:Korolev
871:Gagarin
751:Reserve
351: (
264: (
239:Swallow
195:Members
83:SATCAT
3668:1962 →
3653:← 1960
3528:Crewed
3367:
3348:
3329:
2913:
2808:
2441:
2084:
1891:Vostok
1790:Engels
1780:Legacy
1740:Pravda
1710:, and
1652:. The
1416:Engels
1400:sharik
1354:Angola
1120:good."
1069:06:07
1004:Launch
978:CapCom
954:Flight
939:alike.
922:Soviet
780:
770:Pilot
741:
731:Pilot
712:Backup
700:
690:Pilot
533:Orient
524:Восток
463:Period
422:Regime
278:Rocket
270:
3943:TRAAC
3774:S-45A
2730:. ESA
2216:(PDF)
1815:VDNKh
1676:Egypt
1640:India
1564:]
1389:шарик
1338:VDNKh
1314:07:23
1308:07:18
1302:07:13
1296:07:10
1290:07:09
1284:07:04
1274:07:00
1268:Chile
1264:06:57
1254:06:53
1243:06:51
1237:06:49
1230:06:48
1223:06:46
1213:06:37
1202:06:31
1190:06:25
1179:06:21
1163:06:18
1142:06:17
1130:06:15
1124:06:14
1117:06:13
1111:06:12
1099:06:10
1089:06:09
998:pulse
765:Crew
726:Crew
685:Crew
639:Pilot
568:orbit
473:Epoch
284:8K72K
143:OKB-1
3808:S-55
3721:S-45
3661:1961
3365:ISBN
3346:ISBN
3327:ISBN
3286:2011
3249:2010
3228:2010
3207:2010
3186:2022
3161:2019
3130:2011
3118:Time
3100:2022
2911:ISBN
2878:2015
2806:ISBN
2787:2021
2761:2020
2736:2023
2714:2020
2681:2011
2640:2022
2633:NASA
2593:2018
2544:2021
2518:2024
2439:ISBN
2369:2014
2337:2017
2197:2010
2176:2010
2155:2010
2082:ISBN
2063:NASA
2014:2020
1993:2020
1967:2009
1911:Note
1809:The
1771:The
1747:and
1720:Cuba
1716:DPRK
1570:and
1504:TASS
1168:Vzor
1104:Vzor
653:and
631:and
623:and
595:The
573:The
528:East
225:or:
216:Kedr
210:Кедр
182:Crew
132:No.3
3179:BBC
2935:UPI
1773:FAI
1765:FAI
1678:'s
1662:'s
1638:of
1422:at
1085:)."
1071:UTC
530:or
296:1/5
272:UTC
223:),
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2260:^
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2061:.
2025:^
2016:.
1983:.
1953:.
1940:^
1743:.
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1722:,
1688:.
1562:ru
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1456:A
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1391:,
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