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elevator shafts, nor through the laundry or mail chutes. Open transoms between the rooms and the corridors admitted fresh air for combustion, eventually creating a flue-like effect with the fire climbing to all but the two top floors. Once established in the corridors, the fire fed on the burlap wallcoverings and ignited room doors and transoms. Doors and transoms were burned through on all but the fourteenth and fifteenth floors. Guests opened windows seeking fresh air and rescue, further enabling the draft of fresh air to the fire. The fire investigation revealed that an open transom was closely associated with the ignition of a given guest room and its contents.
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descend ropes made of sheets tied together to reach the ground or too short fire ladders. Among the hotel guests were forty high school students on a State YMCA of
Georgia ("Y" Clubs) sponsored trip to Atlanta for a state youth-in-government legislative program, thirty of whom died. The students had mostly been placed two to a room at the back of the hotel next to the alley, where many of the windows had been covered by louvered shutters for privacy. The occupants of the shuttered rooms were killed on every floor above the fifth floor.
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178:". While the hotel's steel structure was indeed protected against the effects of fire, its interior finishes were combustible and the building's exit arrangements consisted of a single stairway serving all fifteen floors. All of the hotel's occupants above the fire's origin on the third floor were trapped, and the fire's survivors either were rescued from upper-story windows or jumped into nets held by firemen.
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in response to the La Salle and
Winecoff fires. Both fires had highlighted the problems associated with unprotected stair openings, which provided paths for the spread of smoke (in the case of the La Salle Hotel) and fire (at the Winecoff), simultaneously preventing the use of the stairs for escape.
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The fire's point of origin was on the third floor west hallway, where a mattress and chair had been temporarily placed in the corridor, close to the stairway to the fourth floor. One theory suggests that a dropped cigarette may have ignited the mattress or other combustibles in the corridor. The fire
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Fireproof construction was a term primarily originating with the insurance industry, which was chiefly concerned with property loss claims. A "fireproof building" could withstand a severe fire and be returned to service once its interior finishes were replaced, without total loss due to collapse or
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who had gone to the fifth floor to help a guest and was trapped. However, the first (and only) call to the fire department was made at 3:42 a.m. by the night manager, who was reported to have attempted to warn guests by telephone of the fire. The building fire alarm was not sounded, although by
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and attempted to jump across. The
Atlanta Fire Department mustered 385 firefighters, 22 engine companies and 11 ladder trucks, four of which were aerial ladder units, at the scene. A second alarm was sounded at 3:44 a.m. and a third at 3:49 a.m., with a general alarm (all available units
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Fire spread was initially hampered by the stair arrangement. While the stairs were not closed off by doors, the configuration placed ascending and descending runs around the corner from each other, keeping fire and hot gas from quickly ascending the stair. Fire did not spread through the enclosed
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of 1927 had already set forth principles requiring the use of multiple, protected means of egress, and was further revised to allow the code to be incorporated as law. Emphasis in building design and construction was changed from the protection of property — the
Winecoff's "completely fireproof"
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Of the 304 guests in the hotel that night, 119 died, about 65 were injured and about 120 were rescued uninjured. The hotel's original owners, the
Winecoffs, who lived in an apartment in the hotel, died in the apartment. Thirty-two deaths were among those who jumped, or who fell while trying to
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The first engine and ladder companies arrived within thirty seconds of the call. By that time people were already jumping from windows. Fire department ladders could extend only part way up the building, and many guests were rescued in this manner. Other people were rescued via ladders placed
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enforcement of new fire code requirements in older properties. Until the rash of hotel fires in 1946, such legislation was regarded as an unconstitutional taking of property. Newer legislation enabled the enforcement of standards for existing buildings in addition to new construction.
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as a means of fire propagation. The
Winecoff was cited as a notable example in which multiple flashovers served to propagate the fire at each successive level. The La Salle and Winecoff fires, in which combustible finish materials were prominent hazards, spurred the adoption of the
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photographers Rudy
Faircloth and Horace Cort also arrived at the scene. Following the fire, Hardy appeared at the AP office with his own images, three of which were usable, one of which was of McCumber's fall. The AP bought Hardy's pictures for $ 300. McCumber survived her fall.
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Florance Allen
Baggett (age 43), a well-known auctioneer. He was staying in suite 1108-1110-1112 with his first cousins Sarah Baggett Miller (died) and Catherine Baggett McLaughlin (survived). Catherine made it down safely, Sarah fell, and Florance suffocated in the
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damage to adjoining structures. The
Building Exits Code was significantly revised in 1948 to address issues of finish combustibility, detection and warning, and provisions related to the number of people in the building. To highlight its principal emphasis, the
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from surrounding departments brought a total of 49 pieces of equipment. Firefighters climbed adjoining buildings to fight the fire and rescue guests, including the 12-story
Mortgage Guaranty building across the 10-foot (3.0 m) wide alley, and the six-story
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The public is being defrauded when a hotel is advertised as "fireproof," but really isn't. Responsible agencies should prohibit the use of the word "fireproof" when a hotel is not really fireproof as the Winecoff obviously was
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The hotel was especially crowded that night, for a combination of reasons. People from all over the state had traveled to Atlanta to go Christmas shopping in the city. Others had come to see the new hit Disney animated film
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Firefighters were hampered, and in some cases injured, by falling bodies. A number of guests tied bedsheets together and tried to descend. Others misjudged the ten-foot-wide alley between the rear of the Winecoff and the
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statement on its stationery was accurate insofar as it was confined to the building's structure — to place primary emphasis on the protection of life, with property protection subordinated to that goal. Georgia Governor
603:, capturing the fall of Daisy McCumber from the building with his last flashbulb. Hardy had been coming home from a dance. Hearing sirens, he called the fire department to find the location and went to the fire scene.
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Christine Adams Hinson (age 17), daughter of Isham Lamar Hinson, Sr. and one of the 40 delegates of the second Youth Assembly at the Georgia State Capitol who were staying at the Winecoff. She was staying in room
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South of the hotel stands a historical marker that commemorates the victims, survivors and the fire. It reads "dedicated to the victims, the survivors, and the firemen who fought the Winecoff fire."
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panels above each door for ventilation between the rooms and the corridors, closed by a wood panel of less than .5 inches (1.3 cm) in thickness. The corridor walls were finished with painted
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spurred significant changes in North American building codes, most significantly requiring multiple protected means of egress and self-closing fire-resistant doors for guest rooms in hotels.
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and one of 40 delegates of the second Youth Assembly at the Georgia State Capitol who were staying at the Winecoff. She suffocated with another delegate and their chaperone in room 926.
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The Winecoff fire led to the incorporation of wartime research into the flammability of building materials into code requirements and design standards, recognizing the existence of
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Interior partitions, including the walls between corridors and guest rooms, were hollow clay tile covered with plaster. Room doors were 1.5-inch (3.8 cm) wood, with movable
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that time no escape was possible from the upper floors in any case. A survivor recounted being awakened and made aware of the fire by the sound of people screaming.
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William Fleming Winecoff (age 76), the hotel's builder and namesake. He lived with his wife for 31 years in suite 1011–1012. He was found dead in a nearby hall.
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158:, of December 7, 1946, was the deadliest hotel fire in American history, killing 119 hotel occupants, including the hotel's original owners. Located at 176
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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
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Ernest Benedict Weatherly (age 63), former chairman of a federally appointed committee on the beef industry. He jumped to his death from room 1024.
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fire, had a major impact on building codes. A national conference on fire prevention was convened in 1947 at the direction of U.S. President
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Borgia McCoy (age 58), mother-in-law of British vice-consul Thomas Bolton. In town to help with her grandchild, she suffocated in room 724.
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Family and friends of victims and survivors gathered in Sandy Springs for the 70th anniversary of the fire and to remember the victims.
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One of the fire's victims, Daisy McCumber, falls after jumping from a window. She survived, with serious injuries. This photograph by
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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
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million today) were brought against the hotel's owners, but insurance awards totaled only about $ 350,000 (equivalent to $ 4.8
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700:-255 standards from 1958. The prohibition of operable transoms in guest rooms was a direct result of the Winecoff fire.
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Margaret Wilson Nichols (age 30). A onetime Miss Atlanta runner-up and a well-known former box-office girl at the
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1337:"A Comparison of the Retroactive Provisions of the NFPA Life Safety Code and the ICC International Fire Code"
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The rear of the Winecoff Hotel with the fire escape stairway added during reconstruction after the fire
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and concrete fireproofing. The hotel was touted in advertisements and on its stationery as "absolutely
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height. Guest rooms were finished with as many as seven layers of wallpaper. The hotel had a central
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Grace Smith Winecoff (age 76), the builder's wife. She died on the sidewalk of Peachtree Street.
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A number of victims jumped to their deaths. A photograph of one survivor's fall won the 1947
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1008:"Survivors remember 70th anniversary of Winecoff fire | Atlanta: News, Weather and Traffic"
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1509:
Crucible of Fire: Nineteenth Century Urban Fires and the Making of the Modern Fire Service
958:"Dec. 7, 1946: Deadliest hotel fire in U.S. History kills 119 at Atlanta's Winecoff Hotel"
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engine and two ladder companies, one of which was within thirty seconds of the building.
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There is also a memorial at the Millenium Gate Museum in Atlantic Station in the lawn.
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Living with Hazards, Dealing with Disasters: An Introduction to Emergency Management
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Nell Zorn Sims (age 33), president of the Business and Professional Women's Club of
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in Atlanta, Georgia, she died falling from room 720 to the alley behind the hotel.
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Fire Behavior and Fire Prevention Basics for Fire and Life Safety Educators
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Elmer Andrew Conzett (age 32), Navy Lieutenant Commander, bomber pilot in
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at 3:30 a.m. on December 7. When the hospital received news of the
204:(with 61 fatalities), and the June 9, also 1946, Canfield Hotel fire in
399: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1367:. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. pp. 45–46
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The Winecoff Fire: The Untold Story of America's Deadliest Hotel Fire
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837:"Chattanoogan Was Among Victims Of Winecoff Hotel Fire 60 Years Ago"
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external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
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Asbestos and Fire: Technological Trade-offs and the Body at Risk
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reacted to the narrowly defined "fireproof" statement, stating:
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A full-length documentary about the Winecoff Hotel Fire of 1946
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1188:"Amateur photographer won Pulitzer Prize for hotel fire photo"
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1744:
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to establish the relative fire hazard of materials as the
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in 1966, which was further developed and re-titled as the
619:, Young dressed and left the hospital for the fire scene.
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respond, including off-duty personnel) at 4:02 a.m.
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The Winecoff fire also stimulated debate concerning the
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horizontally across the alley to an adjoining building.
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may not follow Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines
991:"Survivors remember 70th anniversary of Winecoff fire"
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Quarterly of the National Fire Protection Association
1301:"Anniversary of America's deadliest hotel fire nears"
235:) opened in 1913 as one of the tallest buildings in
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1342:. Federal Emergency Management Agency. pp. 6–7
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777:Catastrophe:The 100 Greatest Disasters of All Time
1739:Winecoff Hotel Fire Documentary official website
1452:. National Fire Protection Association. p.
1385:Maines, pp. 114–115, quoting from the 1948 NFPA
289:The Winecoff Hotel was within two blocks of two
656:
910:Atlanta Fire Department Commemorative Yearbook
33:The former Winecoff Hotel, now the Ellis Hotel
2544:
1774:
1215:Great News Photos and the Stories Behind Them
493:million in claims (equivalent to between $ 41
8:
1281:. National Fire Protection Association. 2011
1160:"Bytes: Pulitzer Prize for Photography 1947"
310:was first noticed about 3:15 a.m. by a
282:with hose racks at each floor. There was no
21:
518:Patricia Ann Griffin (age 14), daughter of
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2537:
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2121:Cotton States and International Exposition
1781:
1767:
1759:
27:
20:
2824:December 1946 events in the United States
1716:Learn how and when to remove this message
1603:"The Great Fire of Atlanta, May 21, 1917"
1257:. Delmar, Cengage Learning. p. 177.
459:Learn how and when to remove this message
2773:List of hotel fires in the United States
607:photographer Jack Young, suffering from
549:Ashley John Burns (age 26), grandson of
361:) on the opposite side of Ellis Street.
2706:Childers Palace Backpackers Hostel fire
2338:History of African Americans in Atlanta
1417:High Rise Security and Fire Life Safety
1335:Sinsigalli, Michael L. (January 2008).
1240:
1113:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"
925:
895:
883:
871:
856:
823:
811:
799:
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478:, which was playing across the street.
326:The alley between the Winecoff and the
1479:"Winecoff fire, local boys remembered"
1400:
1182:
1180:
1057:
2685:Pension de Vogel homeless hostel fire
1825:Buildings listed on National Register
1303:. Fire Engineering. November 21, 2006
1111:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
1002:
1000:
973:"Remembering the Winecoff Hotel fire"
912:. Turner Publishing, Inc. p. 99.
632:The fire, coming on the heels of the
7:
2829:High-rise fires in the United States
2721:Kamień Pomorski homeless hostel fire
2379:Former neighborhoods and settlements
2141:Atlanta International Pop Festival (
1734:National Fire Protection Association
1628:Campbell, Steve B. (December 1969).
643:National Fire Protection Association
397:adding citations to reliable sources
2819:1946 disasters in the United States
1217:(2nd ed.). Dover. p. 96.
779:. Citadel Press. pp. 267–269.
2230:Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills strike
1844:Demolished public housing projects
1564:McElroy, James K. (January 1947).
1321:Spignesi, p. 267, quoted from the
14:
2655:1980 Saskatoon Queen's Hotel fire
2136:Funeral of Martin Luther King Jr.
1137:. M.E. Sharpe, Inc. p. 112.
670:Code for Safety to Life from Fire
196:which followed the June 5, 1946,
2814:Hotel fires in the United States
2760:
1665:
1601:Campbell, Steve B. (June 1968).
977:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
944:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
373:
2794:1946 fires in the United States
2625:Hotel 't Silveren Seepaerd fire
2600:Knights of Columbus Hostel fire
2333:History of Hispanics in Atlanta
2109:International Cotton Exposition
1989:Public schools cheating scandal
1965:Centennial Olympic Park bombing
1449:Fundamentals of Fire Protection
599:graduate student, won the 1947
384:needs additional citations for
2358:History of the Jews in Atlanta
2153:Democratic National Convention
1133:Waugh, William L. Jr. (2000).
1039:. Glass Mountain Entertainment
601:Pulitzer Prize for Photography
291:Atlanta Fire Rescue Department
183:Pulitzer Prize for Photography
174:was advertised as "absolutely
1:
2804:Fires in Georgia (U.S. state)
2716:Taj Mahal Palace Hotel attack
2489:Western and Atlantic Railroad
2087:Interstate 85 bridge collapse
2075:Bluffton University bus crash
1566:"The Hotel Winecoff Disaster"
1158:Bytesmaster (July 13, 2012).
775:Spignesi, Stephen J. (2002).
553:. He suffocated in room 1416.
16:1946 fire in Atlanta, Georgia
2809:1946 in Georgia (U.S. state)
1983:Shooting of Kathryn Johnston
1105:American Antiquarian Society
1085:American Antiquarian Society
940:"Focus on the Winecoff fire"
231:The Winecoff Hotel (now the
2731:Resorts World Manila attack
2650:Hotel Corona de Aragón fire
2518:Timeline of Atlanta history
2069:Air France Flight 007 crash
2019:Northside Hospital shooting
1887:Battle of Kennesaw Mountain
1635:Atlanta Historical Bulletin
1608:Atlanta Historical Bulletin
1387:Handbook of Fire Protection
1253:Giesler, Marsha P. (2011).
908:"The Winecoff Hotel Fire".
508:Among the casualties were:
278:from the front desk, and a
2845:
2670:Beverly rooming house fire
2384:Annexations and city wards
2266:School bus drivers' strike
2007:Killing of Rayshard Brooks
1977:Day trading firm shootings
1644:Atlanta Historical Society
1617:Atlanta Historical Society
1325:, Sunday, December 8, 1946
345:Mortgage Guaranty Building
328:Mortgage Guaranty Building
284:automatic sprinkler system
2754:
2620:Paramount Hotel explosion
2508:
2304:Atlanta Eagle police raid
1995:Shooting of Scout Schultz
1892:Battle of Peachtree Creek
1421:. Elsevier, Inc. p.
1413:Craighead, Geoff (2009).
1362:"Development of Standard"
723:Georgia Historical Marker
690:Underwriters Laboratories
26:
2675:Dupont Plaza Hotel arson
2081:Tornado strikes downtown
1971:Otherside Lounge bombing
1867:Atlanta in the Civil War
1630:"Holocaust on Peachtree"
1543:Rutgers University Press
1446:Cote, Arthur E. (2004).
357:department store (later
2462:Atlanta Transit Company
2394:History of Georgia Tech
2374:History by neighborhood
2283:Library perversion case
1834:(Atlanta in DeKalb Co.)
1829:(Atlanta in Fulton Co.)
1507:Hensler, Bruce (2011).
1164:bytesdaily.blogspot.com
1033:"The Night of the Fire"
688:which had been used by
613:Grady Memorial Hospital
266:fabric extending up to
2746:2023 Makkah hotel fire
2736:2017 Batumi hotel fire
2726:2014 Medina hotel fire
1882:Battle of Jonesborough
1648:Atlanta History Center
1621:Atlanta History Center
1483:Northwest Georgia News
726:
661:
617:mass-casualty incident
584:
330:
306:
44:; 77 years ago
2680:Downunder Hostel fire
2645:1978 Holiday Inn fire
2437:George Floyd protests
1877:Battle of Ezra Church
1745:Website for the book
725:for the Winecoff Fire
721:
574:
408:"Winecoff Hotel fire"
325:
304:
42:December 7, 1946
2615:Hotel Roosevelt fire
1897:Battle of Utoy Creek
1839:Demolished buildings
1686:improve this article
1279:"FAQ/Facts and Lore"
1213:Faber, John (1978).
628:Impact on fire codes
565:Barnesville, Georgia
393:improve this article
249:structural clay tile
2610:Winecoff Hotel fire
2343:Demographic history
2115:Piedmont Exposition
2063:Winecoff Hotel fire
1698:footnote references
1646:: 8–25 – via
1619:: 8–48 – via
993:. December 7, 2016.
960:. December 8, 2021.
686:Steiner tunnel test
666:Building Exits Code
647:Building Exits Code
581:1947 Pulitzer Prize
156:Winecoff Hotel fire
103:33.7583°N 84.3878°W
99: /
23:
22:Winecoff Hotel fire
2799:History of Atlanta
2660:Central Hotel fire
2630:Worsley Hotel fire
2590:Arcadia Hotel fire
2574:Windsor Hotel fire
2513:History of Atlanta
2353:Racial segregation
2224:Washerwomen strike
2201:WrestleMania XXVII
2128:Gone with the Wind
2057:Great Atlanta Fire
1947:Peyton Road affair
1935:Leo Frank lynching
1902:Burning of Atlanta
1820:Historic districts
1804:Standing Peachtree
1790:History of Atlanta
1194:. December 8, 2008
1060:, p. 114–115.
971:Daniels, Cynthia.
938:Morehouse, Macon.
898:, p. 147–149.
886:, p. 143–144.
814:, p. 145–146.
802:, p. 144–145.
727:
585:
331:
307:
145:Non-fatal injuries
2781:
2780:
2767:Hotels portal
2741:Harbin hotel fire
2690:Switel Hotel fire
2526:
2525:
2260:Sanitation strike
2254:Sanitation strike
2159:Super Bowl XXVIII
2001:Ransomware attack
1872:Battle of Atlanta
1755:historical marker
1726:
1725:
1718:
1522:978-1-59797-684-8
1432:978-1-85617-555-5
1264:978-1-4283-0541-0
1037:Peachtree Burning
668:was retitled the
475:Song of the South
469:
468:
461:
443:
272:fire alarm system
152:
151:
108:33.7583; -84.3878
2836:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2711:Manor Hotel fire
2640:Hotel Polen fire
2635:Savoy Hotel fire
2595:Kerns Hotel fire
2553:
2546:
2539:
2530:
2473:Historic ferries
2468:Historic bridges
2290:Lonesome Cowboys
2236:Streetcar strike
2036:Opera in Atlanta
1862:Atlanta Campaign
1783:
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745:Life Safety Code
674:Life Safety Code
595:, a 24-year-old
551:William J. Burns
505:million today).
504:
500:
497:million and $ 55
496:
492:
488:
464:
457:
453:
450:
444:
442:
401:
377:
369:
245:Peachtree Street
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160:Peachtree Street
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31:
24:
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2605:Gulf Hotel fire
2578:
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2522:
2504:
2448:
2426:Freeway revolts
2420:Atlanta sit-ins
2408:
2362:
2309:
2271:
2212:
2207:Super Bowl LIII
2195:Summer Olympics
2092:
2045:
2041:Arts in Atlanta
2024:
1911:
1848:
1808:
1792:
1787:
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1711:
1705:
1702:
1683:
1674:This article's
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1654:
1627:
1600:
1596:
1594:Further reading
1591:
1582:
1580:
1568:
1563:
1557:
1529:
1523:
1515:. p. 144.
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1092:McCusker, J. J.
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1072:McCusker, J. J.
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741:
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638:Harry S. Truman
630:
611:, checked into
605:Atlanta Journal
590:
502:
498:
494:
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489:million and $ 4
486:
465:
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448:
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378:
367:
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229:
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107:
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34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2672:
2667:
2665:MGM Grand fire
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2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2458:
2456:
2454:Transportation
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2445:(2021–present)
2440:
2434:
2431:Occupy Atlanta
2428:
2423:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2404:Zero Mile Post
2401:
2399:Historic mills
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2361:
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2355:
2350:
2348:Gentrification
2345:
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2270:
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2257:
2251:
2248:Scripto strike
2245:
2242:Transit strike
2239:
2233:
2227:
2220:
2218:
2214:
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2204:
2198:
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2032:
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2026:
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2023:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1941:Temple bombing
1938:
1932:
1926:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1910:
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1907:Stone Mountain
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1724:
1723:
1678:external links
1673:
1671:
1664:
1658:
1657:External links
1655:
1653:
1652:
1625:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1561:
1555:
1531:Maines, Rachel
1527:
1521:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1477:Walker, Doug.
1469:
1462:
1438:
1431:
1405:
1403:, p. 115.
1390:
1378:
1353:
1327:
1323:New York Times
1314:
1292:
1270:
1263:
1245:
1243:, p. 144.
1230:
1223:
1205:
1176:
1150:
1143:
1125:
1109:1800–present:
1062:
1050:
1024:
996:
982:
963:
949:
930:
928:, p. 149.
915:
900:
888:
876:
874:, p. 148.
861:
859:, p. 147.
849:
828:
826:, p. 146.
816:
804:
792:
785:
767:
754:
752:
749:
748:
747:
740:
737:
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712:
634:La Salle Hotel
629:
626:
589:
588:Press coverage
586:
569:
568:
561:
557:
554:
547:
541:
530:
527:
523:
520:Marvin Griffin
516:
513:
467:
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381:
379:
372:
366:
363:
339:
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298:
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228:
227:Winecoff Hotel
225:
198:La Salle Hotel
172:Winecoff Hotel
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60:Winecoff Hotel
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2305:
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2299:
2298:Atlanta Pride
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2027:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2013:Spa shootings
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1953:Child murders
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
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1927:
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1923:Race massacre
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1754:
1753:Winecoff Fire
1751:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1717:
1709:
1706:December 2016
1699:
1695:
1694:inappropriate
1691:
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1558:
1556:0-8135-3575-1
1552:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1514:
1513:Potomac Books
1510:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1470:
1465:
1463:0-87765-595-2
1459:
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1246:
1242:
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1226:
1224:0-486-23667-6
1220:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1193:
1189:
1183:
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1177:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1151:
1146:
1144:0-7656-0195-8
1140:
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1079:
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858:
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832:
829:
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820:
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813:
808:
805:
801:
796:
793:
788:
786:0-8065-2558-4
782:
778:
771:
768:
764:
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756:
750:
746:
743:
742:
738:
736:
733:
730:
724:
720:
713:
711:
708:
707:
706:ex post facto
701:
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682:
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483:
479:
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463:
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452:
449:December 2017
441:
438:
434:
431:
427:
424:
420:
417:
413:
410: –
409:
405:
404:Find sources:
398:
394:
388:
387:
382:This section
380:
376:
371:
370:
364:
362:
360:
356:
355:Davison-Paxon
351:
346:
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329:
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285:
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261:
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226:
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147:
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84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:
63:
59:
55:
41:
37:
30:
25:
19:
2758:
2699:21st century
2609:
2583:20th century
2567:19th century
2495:Trolleybuses
2389:Street names
2289:
2165:World Series
2127:
2062:
1959:Prison riots
1824:
1746:
1712:
1703:
1688:by removing
1675:
1639:
1633:
1612:
1606:
1583:December 19,
1581:. Retrieved
1579:(3): 140–145
1576:
1572:
1536:
1508:
1500:Bibliography
1486:. Retrieved
1482:
1472:
1448:
1441:
1416:
1408:
1386:
1381:
1371:December 22,
1369:. Retrieved
1356:
1346:December 22,
1344:. Retrieved
1330:
1322:
1317:
1307:December 19,
1305:. Retrieved
1295:
1285:December 22,
1283:. Retrieved
1273:
1254:
1248:
1241:Hensler 2011
1214:
1208:
1198:December 20,
1196:. Retrieved
1191:
1167:. Retrieved
1163:
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391:Please help
386:verification
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2560:Hotel fires
2433:(2011–2012)
2422:(1960-1961)
2292:police raid
2250:(1964–1965)
2232:(1914–1915)
1991:(2009–2015)
1955:(1979–1981)
1949:(1962–1963)
1730:1946 report
1545:. pp.
1401:Maines 2005
1169:December 7,
1089:1700–1799:
1069:1634–1699:
1058:Maines 2005
485:Between $ 3
274:, manually
233:Ellis Hotel
214:fatalities)
106: /
81:Coordinates
2788:Categories
2478:Streetcars
751:References
419:newspapers
365:Casualties
350:Mutual aid
94:84°23′16″W
91:33°45′30″N
49:1946-12-07
2050:Disasters
1854:Civil War
1813:Buildings
1690:excessive
1012:WSB Radio
714:Memorials
696:-E84 and
681:flashover
538:Paramount
280:standpipe
253:fireproof
212:(with 19
176:fireproof
2500:Viaducts
2413:Protests
2328:Pioneers
2130:premiere
2104:Timeline
1533:(2005).
1488:June 17,
1094:(1992).
1074:(1997).
1017:June 17,
842:June 17,
739:See also
609:pleurisy
276:operated
268:wainscot
200:fire in
65:Location
2029:Culture
1797:Origins
1732:by the
1684:Please
1676:use of
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312:bellboy
260:transom
241:Georgia
237:Atlanta
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206:Dubuque
202:Chicago
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168:Georgia
164:Atlanta
132:Unknown
73:Georgia
69:Atlanta
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2491:(1836)
2485:(1972)
2464:(1950)
2439:(2020)
2367:Places
2323:Mayors
2315:People
2306:(2009)
2300:(1971)
2294:(1969)
2285:(1953)
2268:(2018)
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2256:(1977)
2244:(1950)
2238:(1916)
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2209:(2019)
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2197:(1996)
2161:(1994)
2155:(1988)
2138:(1968)
2132:(1939)
2123:(1895)
2117:(1887)
2111:(1881)
2097:Events
2089:(2017)
2083:(2008)
2077:(2007)
2071:(1962)
2065:(1946)
2059:(1917)
2021:(2023)
2015:(2021)
2009:(2020)
2003:(2018)
1997:(2017)
1985:(2006)
1979:(1999)
1973:(1997)
1967:(1996)
1961:(1987)
1943:(1958)
1937:(1915)
1931:(1911)
1929:Ripper
1925:(1906)
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170:, the
137:Deaths
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2483:MARTA
2217:Labor
1916:Crime
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1365:(PDF)
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440:JSTOR
426:books
129:Cause
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2185:1999
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2177:1995
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2169:1991
2147:1970
2143:1969
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1517:ISBN
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1200:2011
1171:2016
1139:ISBN
1120:2024
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1019:2018
844:2018
781:ISBN
698:NFPA
694:ASTM
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