1102:
efficacy. These viruses are integral components of diverse ecosystems, including the human microbiome. Their unique attributes, such as specificity, potency, compatibility with biological systems, and ability to kill fungi, make them attractive candidates for therapeutic interventions. However, challenges remain in terms of their production scalability, formulation, stability, and the emergence of fungal resistance, which hinders their widespread adoption. Prior to clinical use, phages intended for therapy require thorough purification, characterization, and validation of their virulence. While further research is needed, phage therapy holds promise in the fight against antifungal resistance that other therapies struggle to address.
1098:, are potent against candidiasis, which has grown resistant to fluconazole because of the differences in their action mechanism. However, resistance to echinocandins can still develop through point mutations within highly conserved regions of the FKS1 and FKS2 genes through the exposure of members of this class. These genes encode for an enzyme called β-1,3-glucan synthase, responsible for building the yeast’s cell wall. Mutations in this enzyme reduce resistance to antifungal medications that target this enzyme and affect the yeast’s ability to construct its cell wall.
614:
591:
40:
31:
1073:
3555:
1304:
Powder for oral suspension contains sucrose and should not be used in patients with hereditary fructose, glucose/galactose malabsorption or sucrase-isomaltase deficiency. Capsules contain lactose and should not be given to patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, Lapp lactase
1406:
is not significantly affected by the absence of stomach acid. Concentrations measured in the urine, tears, and skin are approximately 10 times the plasma concentration, whereas saliva, sputum, and vaginal fluid concentrations are approximately equal to the plasma concentration, following a standard
1068:
While combination therapy offers the benefits of faster and more extensive fungal eradication, including a reduced risk of resistance or tolerance, it also presents challenges. These include potential increases in toxicity, costs, and the need for standardized practices to test the efficacy of the
1036:
The rising fungal resistance to fluconazole and related azole drugs spurs the need to find effective combative solutions swiftly. Rising resistance raises concerns since fluconazole is commonly used due to its inexpensiveness and ease of administration, according to the World Health
Organization.
1101:
Another promising avenue is the integration of phage therapy, which has shown successive results in functional therapies. Phages, viruses that infect microbes including fungi, exhibit potent antimicrobial effects against various resistant fungal strains, demonstrating remarkable specificity and
1040:
One possible solution to counter the increasing prevalence of
Candida infections–fungal infections caused by the yeast Candida–is combination antifungal therapy, combining natural components with commercial antifungal drugs to combat resistance. Research shows that natural substances can have
937:
infections in people with healthy immune systems, including infections of the bloodstream, kidney, or joints. Other antifungals are usually preferred when the infection is in the heart or central nervous system, and for the treatment of active infections in people with weak immune
1270:
Some people are allergic to azoles, so those allergic to other azole drugs might be allergic to fluconazole. That is, some azole drugs have adverse side-effects. Some azole drugs may disrupt estrogen production in pregnancy, affecting pregnancy outcome.
890:
ring. While the imidazole antifungals are mainly used topically, fluconazole and certain other triazole antifungals are preferred when systemic treatment is required because of their improved safety and predictable absorption when administered orally.
2519:
Xu Y, Wang Y, Yan L, Liang RM, Dai BD, Tang RJ, et al. (November 2009). "Proteomic analysis reveals a synergistic mechanism of fluconazole and berberine against fluconazole-resistant
Candida albicans: endogenous ROS augmentation".
1451:
2126:
1531:
1233:
In 2011, the US FDA reports that treatment with chronic, high doses of fluconazole during the first trimester of pregnancy may be associated with a rare and distinct set of birth defects in infants.
1556:
Surov AO, Voronin AP, Vasilev NA, Churakov AV, Perlovich GL (20 December 2019). "Cocrystals of
Fluconazole with Aromatic Carboxylic Acids: Competition between Anhydrous and Hydrated Solid Forms".
237:
2400:
Mølgaard-Nielsen D, Svanström H, Melbye M, Hviid A, Pasternak B (January 2016). "Association
Between Use of Oral Fluconazole During Pregnancy and Risk of Spontaneous Abortion and Stillbirth".
1329:
to lesser extent) In theory, therefore, fluconazole decreases the metabolism and increases the concentration of any drug metabolised by these enzymes. In addition, its potential effect on
1259:. Thus, it is used with caution in patients with risk factors for prolonged QT interval, such as electrolyte imbalance or use of other drugs that may prolong the QT interval (particularly
3615:
1636:
945:
infections in people with weak immune systems, such as those neutropenic due to cancer chemotherapy, those with advanced HIV infections, transplant patients, and premature infants.
172:
2316:
Kragie L, Turner SD, Patten CJ, Crespi CL, Stresser DM (August 2002). "Assessing pregnancy risks of azole antifungals using a high throughput aromatase inhibition assay".
1498:
1041:
specified interactions with cell components, increasing the intracellular concentration of associated antifungal drugs and their effectiveness. For example, Brazilian red
3590:
2122:
2036:
Fuentefria AM, Pippi B, Dalla Lana DF, Donato KK, de
Andrade SF (January 2018). "Antifungals discovery: an insight into new strategies to combat antifungal resistance".
964:
class tends to occur gradually over the course of prolonged drug therapy, resulting in clinical failure in immunocompromised patients (e.g., patients with advanced
1520:
62:
710:
3620:
1021:
997:. Development of resistance to one azole in this way will confer resistance to all drugs in the class. Another resistance mechanism employed by both
1086:, recommended as the first method of treatment against invasive candidiasis. The three echinocandins currently licensed for medical use, namely
2497:
2123:"FDA Alert: Diflucan (fluconazole): Drug Safety Communication - Long-term, High-dose Use During Pregnancy May be Associated with Birth Defects"
3509:
2793:
2647:
2614:
2444:
2225:
1684:
855:
2468:
1851:
1821:
2189:
1374:. Mammalian demethylase activity is much less sensitive to fluconazole than fungal demethylase. This inhibition prevents the conversion of
1648:
1690:
3595:
2671:
1940:
1910:
1020:
The full spectrum of fungal susceptibility and resistance to fluconazole can be found in the product data sheet. According to the US
1894:
1799:
1637:"Fluconazole (Diflucan): Drug Safety Communication - FDA Evaluating Study Examining Use of Oral Fluconazole (Diflucan) in Pregnancy"
730:
1968:
1422:
In a bulk powder form, it appears as a white crystalline powder, and it is very slightly soluble in water and soluble in alcohol.
686:
1490:
1009:
and major facilitator superfamily transporters. Other gene mutations are also known to contribute to development of resistance.
2291:
1297:(Propulsid) due to the possibility of serious, even fatal, heart problems. In rare cases, severe allergic reactions including
948:
As a second-line agent for the treatment of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, a fungal infection of the central nervous system.
373:
222:
94:
1770:
1614:
1169:
Common (≥1% of patients): rash, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and/or elevated liver enzymes
3276:
2159:
1740:
2730:"Evolution of Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans Strains by Drug-Induced Mating Competence and Parasexual Recombination"
3610:
3575:
2843:
2701:
1886:
3545:
1196:
3600:
1642:
483:
993:. These mutations prevent the azole drug from binding, while still allowing binding of the enzyme's natural substrate,
113:
3526:
2554:
Pfizer
Australia Pty Ltd. Diflucan (Australian Approved Product Information). West Ryde (NSW): Pfizer Australia; 2004.
1419:, the remainder being excreted in urine and sweat. Patients with impaired renal function will be at risk of overdose.
570:
3605:
3580:
1434:
in 1981 in the United
Kingdom and came into commercial use in 1988. Patent expirations occurred in 2004 and 2005.
3344:
3314:
2786:
2566:"Dose response effect of high-dose fluconazole for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in southwestern Uganda"
1704:
3209:
957:
1386:, and subsequent accumulation of 14α-methyl sterols. Fluconazole is primarily fungistatic; however, it may be
1082:
An alternative to combination therapy for those who had prior exposure to Azoles is antifungal drugs of class
1241:
it may result in harm. These cases of harm, however, were only in women who took large doses for most of the
3514:
3444:
914:
150:
609:
3481:
3128:
1345:
infections. Fluconazole may increase the serum concentration of
Erythromycin (Risk X: avoid combination).
820:
738:
InChI=1S/C13H12F2N6O/c14-10-1-2-11(12(15)3-10)13(22,4-20-8-16-6-18-20)5-21-9-17-7-19-21/h1-3,6-9,22H,4-5H2
316:
3585:
1408:
1162:
805:
769:
1290:
is still low. Women using fluconazole during pregnancy have a 50% higher risk of spontaneous abortion.
862:. In 2021, it was the 165th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3
559:
2779:
1383:
1047:
1006:
339:
2493:
39:
3271:
3087:
2638:
Whalen K, Feild C, Radhakrishnan R (21 September 2018). Whalen K, Feild C, Radhakrishnan R (eds.).
2564:
Longley N, Muzoora C, Taseera K, Mwesigye J, Rwebembera J, Chakera A, et al. (December 2008).
2476:
1283:
1227:
586:
398:
161:
157:
3434:
3404:
3399:
2341:
1859:
1829:
1573:
1334:
1256:
1173:
1056:
859:
785:
165:
124:
2181:
1371:
990:
1947:
1069:
combination. Therefore, it is crucial to critically evaluate the role of combination therapy.
1045:, an organic bee liquid, synergizes with fluconazole to combat common yeast infections such as
30:
3295:
2759:
2653:
2643:
2620:
2610:
2587:
2537:
2450:
2440:
2417:
2382:
2333:
2283:
2231:
2221:
2104:
2053:
2018:
1890:
1680:
1674:
879:
848:
773:
539:
279:
266:
249:
52:
2073:"Bacteriophages and the One Health Approach to Combat Multidrug Resistance: Is This the Way?"
3439:
3389:
2749:
2741:
2577:
2529:
2409:
2372:
2325:
2273:
2265:
2094:
2084:
2045:
2008:
1998:
1712:
1565:
1200:
981:
908:
896:
844:
801:
626:
298:
2679:
1918:
492:
407:
3559:
3021:
3011:
1403:
1367:
1314:
1242:
828:
797:
472:
326:
306:
1795:
804:. It is also used to prevent candidiasis in those who are at high risk such as following
1964:
613:
590:
3520:
3451:
3394:
3364:
3349:
3117:
3006:
2754:
2729:
2278:
2099:
2072:
2013:
1986:
1208:
1115:
902:
824:
793:
789:
3569:
3354:
3250:
3224:
3031:
2983:
2949:
2904:
2874:
2469:"Diflucan (Fluconazole) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more"
1577:
1456:
1412:
1287:
1212:
1087:
919:
840:
781:
697:
602:
86:
2728:
Popp C, RamĂrez-Zavala B, Schwanfelder S, KrĂĽger I, Morschhäuser J (February 2019).
2250:
1341:
has been shown to exert synergistic effects with fluconazole even in drug-resistant
1017:
is mediated by reduced sensitivity of the target enzyme to inhibition by the agent.
854:
Fluconazole was patented in 1981 and came into commercial use in 1988. It is on the
3476:
3461:
3374:
3304:
3220:
3054:
3049:
3041:
3036:
3026:
3016:
2934:
2924:
2919:
2909:
2894:
2884:
2869:
2810:
2806:
2345:
2151:
1762:
1610:
1402:
Following oral dosing, fluconazole is almost completely absorbed within two hours.
1275:
1188:
1184:
1121:
1083:
1076:
883:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
72:
2694:"Pfizer to Expand Fluconazole Donation Program to More than 50 Developing Nations"
1732:
432:
3495:
3456:
3414:
3384:
3285:
3229:
3165:
3153:
2993:
2959:
2954:
2944:
2939:
2914:
2889:
1330:
1298:
1252:
1222:
1216:
1128:
1091:
969:
836:
813:
809:
777:
80:
2693:
2089:
3485:
3466:
3429:
3424:
3409:
3379:
3359:
3324:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3195:
3174:
3139:
3092:
2929:
2879:
2864:
2828:
2802:
2657:
2624:
2235:
1416:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1279:
1150:
1146:
1095:
1062:
994:
662:
463:
2454:
3471:
3419:
3148:
3107:
3073:
2899:
2855:
2771:
2413:
1569:
1491:"Diflucan- fluconazole tablet; Diflucan- fluconazole powder, for suspension"
1359:
1338:
1294:
1260:
1238:
1204:
1135:
887:
352:
66:
22:
2763:
2591:
2541:
2421:
2386:
2337:
2287:
2108:
2057:
2022:
1709:
World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019
1248:
Fluconazole is secreted in human milk at concentrations similar to plasma.
2745:
2377:
2360:
2329:
1274:
Oral fluconazole is not associated with a significantly increased risk of
1005:
is increasing the rate of efflux of the azole drug from the cell, by both
3369:
3112:
3064:
2974:
2269:
1363:
1264:
1192:
1180:
1042:
875:
832:
443:
108:
2361:"Use of oral fluconazole during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects"
2251:"Lack of allergic cross-reactivity between fluconazole and voriconazole"
2003:
1717:
1061:, a tree species native to wet tropical biomes, plays a similar role in
452:
3490:
3102:
2218:
Goodman & Gilman's : the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
1987:"Antifungal resistance: current trends and future strategies to combat"
1318:
1072:
418:
2533:
2049:
1431:
1326:
1322:
847:
family of medication. It is believed to work by affecting the fungal
550:
357:
1337:
if used concurrently with other drugs that prolong the QT interval.
2582:
2565:
1390:
against certain organisms in a dose-dependent manner, specifically
519:
512:
2839:
1131:, if 400 mg per day multidose of fluconazole is administered;
1071:
1013:
develops resistance by up regulating CDR genes, and resistance in
961:
685:
676:
530:
331:
930:
infections of the vagina ("yeast infections"), throat, and mouth.
1915:
Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
1142:
503:
285:
260:
2775:
1941:"Spectrum of fungal susptibility and resistance to fluconazole"
1407:
dose range of between 100 mg and 400 mg per day. The
886:) in that its structure contains a triazole ring instead of an
273:
103:
1138:, especially when fluconazole is administered in high dosages;
965:
1120:
have known hypersensitivity to other azole medicines such as
575:
231:
135:
819:
Common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and
2359:
Mølgaard-Nielsen D, Pasternak B, Hviid A (August 2013).
1965:"Antifungal Resistance | Fungal Disease | CDC"
1721:. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
244:
2216:
Brunton LL, Knollmann BC, Hilal-Dandan R, eds. (2018).
856:
World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
755:
3543:
2158:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
1889:
2006. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook; 2006.
1613:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1366:-class antifungals, fluconazole inhibits the fungal
3337:
3313:
3294:
3270:
3263:
3208:
3187:
3164:
3138:
3127:
3086:
3063:
2973:
2854:
2838:
2827:
2818:
696:
674:
661:
625:
620:
601:
569:
549:
529:
502:
482:
462:
442:
417:
397:
364:
351:
338:
325:
315:
305:
297:
221:
216:
171:
149:
123:
93:
79:
61:
51:
46:
2488:
2486:
1980:
1978:
1913:. In Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann BC (eds.).
894:Fluconazole's spectrum of activity includes most
1790:
1788:
1528:List of nationally authorised medicinal products
1305:deficiency, or glucose-galactose malabsorption
1110:Fluconazole is contraindicated in patients who:
878:antifungal medication. It differs from earlier
431:
2211:
2209:
2207:
1530:. European Medicines Agency. 12 November 2020.
985:, resistance occurs by way of mutations in the
835:. During pregnancy it may increase the risk of
406:
1134:concomitant administration of fluconazole and
3616:World Health Organization essential medicines
2787:
2182:"Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database"
1251:Fluconazole therapy has been associated with
1165:associated with fluconazole therapy include:
8:
2220:(13th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education LLC.
112:
21:
2640:Lippincott Illustrated Reviews Pharmacology
2146:
2144:
3267:
3135:
2851:
2835:
2824:
2794:
2780:
2772:
1904:
1902:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1022:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
808:, low birth weight babies, and those with
612:
589:
471:
2753:
2581:
2376:
2277:
2098:
2088:
2012:
2002:
1716:
1313:Fluconazole is an inhibitor of the human
491:
1668:
1666:
1452:"Product monograph brand safety updates"
1415:, and only 10% of elimination is due to
1255:prolongation, which may lead to serious
3550:
1693:from the original on 10 September 2017.
1443:
1382:, an essential component of the fungal
1278:overall, although it does increase the
735:
715:
585:
451:
378:
85:
2162:from the original on 27 September 2014
2129:from the original on 28 September 2011
1679:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 503.
603:
20:
3591:Lanosterol 14α-demethylase inhibitors
2500:from the original on 21 December 2016
2258:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
1802:from the original on 10 February 2015
1763:"Fluconazole - Drug Usage Statistics"
1711:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
1617:from the original on 20 December 2016
1537:from the original on 24 February 2024
1501:from the original on 22 February 2024
1293:Fluconazole should not be taken with
922:, among others. Common uses include:
558:
538:
71:
7:
2704:from the original on 30 October 2020
1743:from the original on 15 January 2024
1217:anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions
812:. It is given either by mouth or by
204:
194:
184:
2365:The New England Journal of Medicine
823:. Serious side effects may include
518:
511:
422:
3621:General cytochrome P450 inhibitors
874:Fluconazole is a first-generation
718:OC(Cn1cncn1)(Cn1cncn1)c1ccc(F)cc1F
14:
2607:Basic & clinical pharmacology
2297:from the original on 11 June 2011
2192:from the original on 8 April 2014
1971:from the original on 19 May 2017.
1317:system, particularly the isozyme
1172:Infrequent (0.1–1% of patients):
3553:
1985:Wiederhold NP (29 August 2017).
1773:from the original on 8 July 2020
858:. Fluconazole is available as a
649:
643:
637:
240:(Pharmacist only) / S4
38:
29:
3277:thymidylate synthase inhibitors
2605:Katzung BG (30 November 2017).
2249:Pinto A, Chan RC (April 2009).
2038:Letters in Applied Microbiology
1917:(12th ed.). Archived from
1911:"Chapter 57: Antifungal Agents"
1673:Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006).
1647:. 26 April 2016. Archived from
1521:"Active substance: Fluconazole"
1028:strains in the US is about 7%.
1024:, fluconazole resistance among
743:Key:RFHAOTPXVQNOHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
389:-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol
2437:Rang & Dale's pharmacology
926:The treatment of non-systemic
655:
631:
1:
1991:Infection and Drug Resistance
1887:Australian Medicines Handbook
1676:Analogue-based Drug Discovery
1179:Rare (<0.1% of patients):
1065:, another common antifungal.
2570:Clinical Infectious Diseases
2522:Journal of Proteome Research
2439:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
1643:Food and Drug Administration
1430:Fluconazole was patented by
918:, some dimorphic fungi, and
839:while large doses may cause
347:30 hours (range 20–50 hours)
2435:Rang HP (21 January 2015).
1558:Crystal Growth & Design
810:low blood neutrophil counts
381:2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-1,3-
3637:
2090:10.3390/antibiotics9070414
621:Chemical and physical data
3596:Drugs developed by Pfizer
3504:
3345:bromochlorosalicylanilide
3315:Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
2609:. McGraw-Hill Education.
1705:World Health Organization
1055:. The essential oil from
751:
726:
706:
702:139 °C (282 °F)
369:
37:
28:
1197:Stevens–Johnson syndrome
968:receiving treatment for
843:. Fluconazole is in the
2414:10.1001/jama.2015.17844
1854:Cryptococcal Infections
1570:10.1021/acs.cgd.9b01490
1411:of fluconazole follows
1176:, fatigue, constipation
915:Cryptococcus neoformans
866:million prescriptions.
821:increased liver enzymes
3129:Squalene monooxygenase
2966:Systemic: ketoconazole
2473:reference.medscape.com
2071:Garvey M (July 2020).
1333:increases the risk of
1163:Adverse drug reactions
1079:
989:gene, which codes for
3157:Systemic: terbinafine
2746:10.1128/mBio.02740-18
2378:10.1056/NEJMoa1301066
2330:10.1081/ERC-120015045
2186:Australian Government
1733:"The Top 300 of 2021"
1497:. 21 September 2023.
1409:elimination half-life
1221:Very rare: prolonged
1075:
958:Antifungal resistance
814:injection into a vein
806:organ transplantation
772:used for a number of
770:antifungal medication
16:Antifungal medication
3611:Triazole antifungals
3576:Antiprotozoal agents
3445:Whitfield's ointment
3272:Pyrimidine analogues
3088:Polyene antimycotics
2270:10.1128/AAC.01500-08
1384:cytoplasmic membrane
1058:Nectandra lanceolata
1032:Combating Resistance
1007:ATP-binding cassette
3601:Phenylethanolamines
2682:on 16 January 2009.
2004:10.2147/IDR.S124918
1967:. 25 January 2019.
1921:on 31 December 2013
1909:Bennett JE (2011).
1284:tetralogy of Fallot
1257:cardiac arrhythmias
1228:torsades de pointes
269:(Prescription only)
25:
3531:Never to phase III
3435:tribromometacresol
3405:sodium thiosulfate
3400:selenium disulfide
3296:Mitotic inhibitors
2698:Kaiser Health News
2642:. Wolters Kluwer.
2318:Endocrine Research
1862:on 3 February 2015
1852:"IDSA Guidelines:
1832:on 3 February 2015
1824:Candida Infections
1822:"IDSA Guidelines:
1335:cardiac arrhythmia
1080:
941:The prevention of
860:generic medication
786:coccidioidomycosis
3606:Tertiary alcohols
3581:CYP3A4 inhibitors
3541:
3540:
3333:
3332:
3259:
3258:
3210:β-glucan synthase
3204:
3203:
3183:
3182:
3082:
3081:
2649:978-1-4963-8413-3
2616:978-1-259-64115-2
2576:(12): 1556–1561.
2534:10.1021/pr9005074
2528:(11): 5296–5304.
2479:on 23 April 2014.
2446:978-0-7020-5362-7
2227:978-1-259-58473-2
2050:10.1111/lam.12820
1953:on 14 March 2016.
1885:Rossi S, editor.
1686:978-3-527-60749-5
1106:Contraindications
933:Certain systemic
900:species (but not
880:azole antifungals
849:cellular membrane
774:fungal infections
763:
762:
687:Interactive image
571:CompTox Dashboard
289:
277:
264:
247:
235:
139:
106:
3628:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3549:
3440:undecylenic acid
3390:potassium iodide
3268:
3136:
2852:
2836:
2825:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2773:
2767:
2757:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2678:. Archived from
2668:
2662:
2661:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2585:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2490:
2481:
2480:
2475:. Archived from
2465:
2459:
2458:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2380:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2296:
2281:
2264:(4): 1715–1716.
2255:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2213:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2188:. 3 March 2014.
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2102:
2092:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2016:
2006:
1982:
1973:
1972:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1946:. Archived from
1945:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1906:
1897:
1883:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1858:. Archived from
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1828:. Archived from
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1792:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1670:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1651:on 29 April 2016
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1607:
1582:
1581:
1564:(2): 1218–1228.
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1525:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1487:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1448:
1398:Pharmacokinetics
1354:Pharmacodynamics
1343:Candida albicans
1237:If taken during
1201:thrombocytopenia
960:to drugs in the
909:Candida glabrata
865:
845:azole antifungal
802:tinea versicolor
776:. This includes
759:
758:
689:
669:
657:
651:
645:
639:
633:
616:
605:
594:
593:
579:
577:
562:
542:
522:
515:
495:
475:
455:
435:
425:
424:
410:
343:
287:
284:
275:
272:
262:
259:
255:
246:
243:
233:
230:
208:
198:
188:
137:
134:
116:
105:
102:
89:
75:
57:Diflucan, others
42:
33:
26:
24:
3636:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3554:
3552:
3544:
3542:
3537:
3536:
3521:Clinical trials
3500:
3329:
3309:
3290:
3275:
3255:
3212:
3200:
3179:
3160:
3156:
3131:
3123:
3115:
3090:
3078:
3059:
3012:fosravuconazole
2969:
2845:
2844:lanosterol 14α-
2831:
2820:
2814:
2800:
2770:
2727:
2723:
2721:Further reading
2718:
2717:
2707:
2705:
2700:. 7 June 2001.
2692:
2691:
2687:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2650:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2617:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2503:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2484:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2447:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2228:
2215:
2214:
2205:
2195:
2193:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2035:
2034:
2030:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1950:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1884:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1835:
1833:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1796:"US Pharmacist"
1794:
1793:
1786:
1776:
1774:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1687:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1654:
1652:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1585:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1489:
1488:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1428:
1404:Bioavailability
1400:
1372:14α-demethylase
1368:cytochrome P450
1356:
1351:
1315:cytochrome P450
1311:
1243:first trimester
1160:
1108:
1048:C. parapsilosis
1034:
991:14α-demethylase
955:
872:
863:
829:QT prolongation
798:dermatophytosis
754:
752:
747:
744:
739:
734:
733:
722:
719:
714:
713:
692:
667:
654:
648:
642:
636:
597:
573:
565:
545:
525:
498:
478:
458:
438:
421:
413:
393:
390:
377:
376:
341:
317:Protein binding
307:Bioavailability
299:Pharmacokinetic
293:
253:
212:
152:
145:
126:
119:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3634:
3632:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3452:citronella oil
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3395:salicylic acid
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3365:crystal violet
3362:
3357:
3352:
3350:chlorophetanol
3347:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3320:
3318:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3300:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3281:
3279:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3216:
3214:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3170:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3142:
3133:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3118:amphotericin B
3110:
3105:
3098:
3096:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3069:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3007:fosfluconazole
3004:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2979:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2860:
2858:
2849:
2833:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2776:
2769:
2768:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2685:
2676:MP Biomedicals
2663:
2648:
2630:
2615:
2597:
2583:10.1086/593194
2556:
2547:
2511:
2482:
2460:
2445:
2427:
2392:
2371:(9): 830–839.
2351:
2324:(3): 129–140.
2308:
2241:
2226:
2203:
2173:
2140:
2114:
2063:
2028:
1974:
1956:
1932:
1898:
1873:
1843:
1813:
1784:
1754:
1724:
1696:
1685:
1662:
1628:
1583:
1548:
1512:
1471:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1427:
1424:
1399:
1396:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1310:
1307:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1219:
1209:hepatotoxicity
1203:, other blood
1177:
1170:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1107:
1104:
1033:
1030:
972:or esophageal
954:
951:
950:
949:
946:
939:
931:
903:Candida krusei
871:
868:
825:liver problems
794:histoplasmosis
790:cryptococcosis
761:
760:
749:
748:
746:
745:
742:
740:
737:
729:
728:
727:
724:
723:
721:
720:
717:
709:
708:
707:
704:
703:
700:
694:
693:
691:
690:
682:
680:
672:
671:
665:
659:
658:
652:
646:
640:
634:
629:
623:
622:
618:
617:
607:
599:
598:
596:
595:
582:
580:
567:
566:
564:
563:
555:
553:
547:
546:
544:
543:
535:
533:
527:
526:
524:
523:
516:
508:
506:
500:
499:
497:
496:
488:
486:
480:
479:
477:
476:
468:
466:
460:
459:
457:
456:
448:
446:
440:
439:
437:
436:
428:
426:
415:
414:
412:
411:
403:
401:
395:
394:
392:
391:
380:
372:
371:
370:
367:
366:
362:
361:
355:
349:
348:
345:
336:
335:
329:
323:
322:
319:
313:
312:
311:>90% (oral)
309:
303:
302:
295:
294:
292:
291:
282:
270:
257:
241:
227:
225:
219:
218:
214:
213:
211:
210:
177:
175:
169:
168:
155:
153:administration
147:
146:
144:
143:
141:
131:
129:
121:
120:
118:
117:
99:
97:
91:
90:
83:
77:
76:
69:
59:
58:
55:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3633:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3561:
3551:
3547:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3355:chlorphenesin
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3264:Intracellular
3262:
3252:
3251:ibrexafungerp
3249:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3225:anidulafungin
3222:
3221:echinocandins
3218:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3119:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3089:
3085:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3032:oteseconazole
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3022:isavuconazole
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2984:efinaconazole
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2950:sertaconazole
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2905:fenticonazole
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2875:chlormidazole
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2765:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2672:"Fluconazole"
2667:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2515:
2512:
2499:
2495:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2396:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2309:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2219:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2152:"Fluconazole"
2147:
2145:
2141:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1949:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1895:0-9757919-2-3
1892:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1847:
1844:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1817:
1814:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1650:
1646:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1616:
1612:
1611:"Fluconazole"
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1552:
1549:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1460:. 7 July 2016
1459:
1458:
1457:Health Canada
1453:
1447:
1444:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1288:absolute risk
1285:
1281:
1277:
1276:birth defects
1272:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1213:liver failure
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:anidulafungin
1085:
1084:echinocandins
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
983:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
952:
947:
944:
940:
936:
932:
929:
925:
924:
923:
921:
920:dermatophytes
917:
916:
911:
910:
905:
904:
899:
898:
892:
889:
885:
881:
877:
869:
867:
861:
857:
852:
850:
846:
842:
841:birth defects
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
782:blastomycosis
779:
775:
771:
767:
757:
750:
741:
736:
732:
725:
716:
712:
705:
701:
699:
698:Melting point
695:
688:
684:
683:
681:
678:
673:
666:
664:
660:
630:
628:
624:
619:
615:
611:
608:
606:
604:ECHA InfoCard
600:
592:
588:
587:DTXSID3020627
584:
583:
581:
572:
568:
561:
557:
556:
554:
552:
548:
541:
537:
536:
534:
532:
528:
521:
517:
514:
510:
509:
507:
505:
501:
494:
490:
489:
487:
485:
481:
474:
470:
469:
467:
465:
461:
454:
450:
449:
447:
445:
441:
434:
430:
429:
427:
420:
416:
409:
405:
404:
402:
400:
396:
388:
384:
379:
375:
368:
363:
359:
356:
354:
350:
346:
344:
337:
333:
330:
328:
324:
320:
318:
314:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
290: Rx-only
283:
281:
271:
268:
258:
251:
242:
239:
229:
228:
226:
224:
220:
215:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
179:
178:
176:
174:
170:
167:
163:
159:
156:
154:
148:
142:
133:
132:
130:
128:
122:
115:
110:
101:
100:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
54:
50:
47:Clinical data
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
19:
3586:Fluoroarenes
3477:tea tree oil
3462:lemon myrtle
3375:ethylparaben
3305:griseofulvin
3166:Benzylamines
3055:ravuconazole
3050:albaconazole
3042:voriconazole
3037:posaconazole
3027:itraconazole
3017:hexaconazole
3001:
2988:
2935:neticonazole
2925:luliconazole
2920:ketoconazole
2910:flutrimazole
2895:eberconazole
2885:clotrimazole
2870:butoconazole
2737:
2733:
2706:. Retrieved
2697:
2688:
2680:the original
2675:
2666:
2639:
2633:
2606:
2600:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2550:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2502:. Retrieved
2477:the original
2472:
2463:
2436:
2430:
2408:(1): 58–67.
2405:
2401:
2395:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2299:. Retrieved
2261:
2257:
2244:
2217:
2194:. Retrieved
2185:
2176:
2166:27 September
2164:. Retrieved
2155:
2131:. Retrieved
2117:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2041:
2037:
2031:
1994:
1990:
1959:
1948:the original
1935:
1923:. Retrieved
1919:the original
1914:
1864:. Retrieved
1860:the original
1853:
1846:
1834:. Retrieved
1830:the original
1823:
1816:
1804:. Retrieved
1775:. Retrieved
1766:
1757:
1745:. Retrieved
1736:
1727:
1718:10665/325771
1708:
1699:
1675:
1653:. Retrieved
1649:the original
1640:
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1561:
1557:
1551:
1539:. Retrieved
1527:
1515:
1503:. Retrieved
1494:
1462:. Retrieved
1455:
1446:
1429:
1421:
1401:
1392:Cryptococcus
1391:
1357:
1349:Pharmacology
1342:
1312:
1309:Interactions
1303:
1292:
1273:
1269:
1250:
1247:
1236:
1226:
1191:, seizures,
1189:paraesthesia
1185:hypokalaemia
1161:
1158:Side effects
1122:ketoconazole
1109:
1100:
1081:
1077:Echinocandin
1067:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1039:
1035:
1025:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1002:
998:
986:
980:
978:
976:infection).
973:
956:
942:
934:
927:
913:
907:
901:
895:
893:
884:ketoconazole
873:
870:Medical uses
853:
818:
765:
764:
753:
386:
382:
340:Elimination
223:Legal status
217:Legal status
95:License data
18:
3517:from market
3496:pentamidine
3457:lemon grass
3415:taurolidine
3385:polynoxylin
3286:flucytosine
3230:caspofungin
3154:terbinafine
3140:Allylamines
3002:fluconazole
2994:terconazole
2989:fluconazole
2960:tioconazole
2955:sulconazole
2945:oxiconazole
2940:omoconazole
2915:isoconazole
2890:croconazole
2848:inhibitors)
2846:demethylase
2803:Antifungals
2504:21 December
2077:Antibiotics
2044:(1): 2–13.
1997:: 249–259.
1541:22 December
1505:22 February
1358:Like other
1331:QT interval
1301:may occur.
1299:anaphylaxis
1253:QT interval
1223:QT interval
1129:terfenadine
1127:are taking
1092:caspofungin
1053:C. glabrata
1011:C. glabrata
1003:C. glabrata
999:C. albicans
982:C. albicans
837:miscarriage
778:candidiasis
766:Fluconazole
670: g·mol
610:100.156.133
540:CHEBI:46081
365:Identifiers
162:intravenous
114:Fluconazole
81:MedlinePlus
53:Trade names
23:Fluconazole
3570:Categories
3486:atovaquone
3467:orange oil
3430:tolnaftate
3425:tolciclate
3410:sulbentine
3380:haloprogin
3360:ciclopirox
3325:tavaborole
3317:inhibitors
3303:Systemic:
3284:Systemic:
3245:rezafungin
3240:micafungin
3235:cilofungin
3219:Systemic:
3213:inhibitors
3196:amorolfine
3175:butenafine
3132:inhibitors
3116:Systemic:
3093:ergosterol
3000:Systemic:
2930:miconazole
2880:climbazole
2865:bifonazole
2856:Imidazoles
2832:inhibitors
2829:Ergosterol
2658:1114483879
2625:1035129378
2301:20 October
2236:1075550900
2083:(7): 414.
1866:28 January
1836:28 January
1806:28 January
1777:14 January
1747:14 January
1621:8 December
1438:References
1417:metabolism
1413:zero order
1388:fungicidal
1380:ergosterol
1376:lanosterol
1286:, but the
1280:odds ratio
1211:including
1207:, serious
1205:dyscrasias
1151:sertraline
1147:fluoxetine
1096:micafungin
1063:ciclopirox
995:lanosterol
953:Resistance
675:3D model (
663:Molar mass
493:8VZV102JFY
464:ChemSpider
408:86386-73-4
399:CAS Number
374:IUPAC name
327:Metabolism
3527:Phase III
3515:Withdrawn
3472:patchouli
3420:ticlatone
3323:Topical:
3194:Topical:
3173:Topical:
3149:naftifine
3147:Topical:
3120:, hamycin
3108:natamycin
3101:Topical:
3074:abafungin
3072:Topical:
3065:Thiazoles
3048:Unknown:
2982:Topical:
2975:Triazoles
2900:econazole
2863:Topical:
2455:942814866
2156:Monograph
1578:213008181
1360:imidazole
1339:Berberine
1295:cisapride
1261:cisapride
1239:pregnancy
1136:quinidine
1015:C. krusei
888:imidazole
882:(such as
560:ChEMBL106
353:Excretion
342:half-life
151:Routes of
125:Pregnancy
73:Monograph
67:Drugs.com
3560:Medicine
3370:dimazole
3113:nystatin
3095:binding)
2821:membrane
2764:30723130
2702:Archived
2592:18990067
2542:19754040
2498:Archived
2422:26746458
2387:23984730
2338:12489563
2292:Archived
2288:19164151
2196:22 April
2190:Archived
2160:Archived
2133:4 August
2127:Archived
2109:32708627
2058:29112282
2023:28919789
1969:Archived
1800:Archived
1771:Archived
1767:ClinCalc
1741:Archived
1737:ClinCalc
1707:(2019).
1691:Archived
1655:29 April
1615:Archived
1532:Archived
1499:Archived
1495:DailyMed
1364:triazole
1265:pimozide
1193:alopecia
1181:oliguria
1174:anorexia
1145:such as
1043:propolis
938:systems.
876:triazole
833:seizures
756:(verify)
444:DrugBank
173:ATC code
158:By mouth
127:category
109:DailyMed
3491:dapsone
3103:hamycin
2755:6428756
2708:18 June
2494:"Login"
2346:8282678
2279:2663085
2100:7400126
2014:5587015
1464:3 April
1426:History
1370:enzyme
1319:CYP2C19
1116:alcohol
1026:Candida
974:Candida
943:Candida
935:Candida
928:Candida
897:Candida
668:306.277
627:Formula
453:DB00196
419:PubChem
252: /
248::
203: (
201:J01RA07
193: (
191:J02AC01
189:)
183: (
181:D01AC15
166:topical
140: D
111::
87:a690002
3546:Portal
3510:WHO-EM
3338:Others
3188:Others
2840:Azoles
2762:
2752:
2656:
2646:
2623:
2613:
2590:
2540:
2453:
2443:
2420:
2385:
2344:
2336:
2286:
2276:
2234:
2224:
2107:
2097:
2056:
2021:
2011:
1925:22 May
1893:
1683:
1576:
1432:Pfizer
1362:- and
1327:CYP2C9
1323:CYP3A4
1114:Drink
1094:, and
970:thrush
864:
831:, and
800:, and
768:is an
711:SMILES
551:ChEMBL
520:C07002
513:D00322
360:61–88%
358:Kidney
321:11–12%
280:â„ž-only
278:
265:
254:
250:â„ž-only
236:
107:
2819:Wall/
2740:(1).
2342:S2CID
2295:(PDF)
2254:(PDF)
1951:(PDF)
1944:(PDF)
1645:(FDA)
1641:U.S.
1574:S2CID
1535:(PDF)
1524:(PDF)
1143:SSRIs
1141:take
987:ERG11
962:azole
731:InChI
677:JSmol
531:ChEBI
332:Liver
2809:and
2760:PMID
2734:mBio
2710:2019
2654:OCLC
2644:ISBN
2621:OCLC
2611:ISBN
2588:PMID
2538:PMID
2506:2016
2451:OCLC
2441:ISBN
2418:PMID
2402:JAMA
2383:PMID
2334:PMID
2303:2009
2284:PMID
2232:OCLC
2222:ISBN
2198:2014
2168:2014
2135:2011
2105:PMID
2054:PMID
2019:PMID
1927:2012
1891:ISBN
1868:2015
1838:2015
1808:2015
1779:2024
1749:2024
1681:ISBN
1657:2016
1623:2016
1543:2020
1507:2024
1466:2024
1325:and
1263:and
1051:and
1001:and
504:KEGG
484:UNII
473:3248
433:3365
301:data
63:AHFS
3482:PCP
2811:J02
2807:D01
2750:PMC
2742:doi
2578:doi
2530:doi
2410:doi
2406:315
2373:doi
2369:369
2326:doi
2274:PMC
2266:doi
2095:PMC
2085:doi
2046:doi
2009:PMC
1999:doi
1713:hdl
1566:doi
1378:to
1282:of
1267:).
1149:or
979:In
966:HIV
912:),
906:or
576:EPA
423:CID
383:bis
334:11%
267:POM
256:OTC
206:WHO
199:),
196:WHO
186:WHO
3572::
3523::
3484::
2758:.
2748:.
2738:10
2736:.
2732:.
2696:.
2674:.
2652:.
2619:.
2586:.
2574:47
2572:.
2568:.
2536:.
2524:.
2496:.
2485:^
2471:.
2449:.
2416:.
2404:.
2381:.
2367:.
2363:.
2340:.
2332:.
2322:28
2320:.
2290:.
2282:.
2272:.
2262:53
2260:.
2256:.
2230:.
2206:^
2184:.
2154:.
2143:^
2125:.
2103:.
2093:.
2079:.
2075:.
2052:.
2042:66
2040:.
2017:.
2007:.
1995:10
1993:.
1989:.
1977:^
1901:^
1876:^
1798:.
1787:^
1769:.
1765:.
1739:.
1735:.
1689:.
1665:^
1639:.
1586:^
1572:.
1562:20
1560:.
1526:.
1493:.
1474:^
1454:.
1394:.
1245:.
1225:,
1215:,
1199:,
1195:,
1187:,
1183:,
1090:,
851:.
827:,
816:.
796:,
792:,
788:,
784:,
780:,
641:12
635:13
385:(1
286:EU
274:US
261:UK
245:CA
238:S3
232:AU
164:,
160:,
136:AU
104:US
3548::
3274:/
3247:)
3223:(
3091:(
2842:(
2813:)
2805:(
2795:e
2788:t
2781:v
2766:.
2744::
2712:.
2660:.
2627:.
2594:.
2580::
2544:.
2532::
2526:8
2508:.
2457:.
2424:.
2412::
2389:.
2375::
2348:.
2328::
2305:.
2268::
2238:.
2200:.
2170:.
2137:.
2111:.
2087::
2081:9
2060:.
2048::
2025:.
2001::
1929:.
1870:.
1856:"
1840:.
1826:"
1810:.
1781:.
1751:.
1715::
1659:.
1625:.
1580:.
1568::
1545:.
1509:.
1468:.
1321:(
1153:.
1124:;
679:)
656:O
653:6
650:N
647:2
644:F
638:H
632:C
578:)
574:(
387:H
288::
276::
263::
234::
209:)
138::
65:/
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
