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Consequently, on-board processing and in-mission autonomy have become more important features for AUVs. Most AUVs have what is considered navigational or event-based autonomy. They will follow a geographic mission plan with distinct events to operate sensors, change course or return to the surface. Some AUVs have adaptive autonomy, for example the ability to adjust course to avoid obstacles along the planned route. The current state of the art is a vehicle that collects, processes and acts on the data it has acquired without operator input.
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components to be changed easily by the operators. Some recent developments move away from the traditional cylindrical shape in favour of other arrangements such as Saab's
Sabretooth hybrid R/AUV or the recently launched HUGIN Edge. These either optimise the shape according to the operational requirements (Sabretooth) or to benefit from low drag hydrodynamic performance (HUGIN Edge).
54:
62:
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in
November 2022, and in August 2023 there were additional attacks on Novorossiysk. The Russian navy adapted both defences and fleet strategy as a result of these attacks, such that, by January 2024, the Ukrainian navy was developing AUVs to increase offensive capability against improved Russian USV
193:
Scientists use AUVs to study lakes, the ocean, and the ocean floor. A variety of sensors can be affixed to AUVs to measure the concentration of various elements or compounds, the absorption or reflection of light, and the presence of microscopic life. Examples include conductivity-temperature-depth
662:
standard for subsea communications. This standard allows for 80 BPS communications links with flexible and extensible message formatting. Alternative communication techniques are being explored, including optical, inductive and RF based techniques, which may be combined in a multi-modal solutions.
636:
to maintain the modularity. Depending on the need, the thruster may be equipped with a nozzle for propeller collision protection or to reduce noise submission, or it may be equipped with a direct drive thruster to keep the efficiency at the highest level and the noises at the lowest level. Advanced
493:
The market has matured since 2010 with greater emphasis on data than on vehicle characteristics. Operators are more technically aware and the utilisation of AUVs has increased commensurately. More operators use their systems autonomously, rather than supervising the vehicles using an acoustic link.
466:
Vehicles range in size from man portable lightweight AUVs to large diameter vehicles of over 10 metres length. Large vehicles have advantages in terms of endurance and sensor payload capacity; smaller vehicles benefit significantly from lower logistics (for example: support vessel footprint; launch
143:
This type of underwater vehicles has recently become an attractive alternative for underwater search and exploration since they are cheaper than manned vehicles. Over the past years, there have been abundant attempts to develop underwater vehicles to meet the challenge of exploration and extraction
156:
before they start building subsea infrastructure; pipelines and sub sea completions can be installed in the most cost effective manner with minimum disruption to the environment. The AUV allows survey companies to conduct precise surveys of areas where traditional bathymetric surveys would be less
213:
was originally designed for oceanographic research, in recent years it has seen much interest from organizations such as the U.S. Navy or the oil and gas industry. The fact that these autonomous gliders are relatively inexpensive to manufacture and operate is indicative of most AUV platforms that
1878:
Beatrice Tomasi, Marie B. Holstad, Ingvar Henne, Bard
Henriksen, Pierre-Jean Bouvet, et al.. MarTERA UNDINA project: a multi-modal communication and network-aided positioning system for marine robotics and benthic stations. 28th annual Underwater Technology Conference - UTC'22, Jun 2022, Bergen,
258:
Many roboticists construct AUVs as a hobby. Several competitions exist which allow these homemade AUVs to compete against each other while accomplishing objectives. Like their commercial brethren, these AUVs can be fitted with cameras, lights, or sonar. As a consequence of limited resources and
489:
Most AUVs fall into the survey class or cruising AUVs, in a cylindrical or torpedo shape with a powered propeller. This is seen as the best compromise between size, usable volume, hydrodynamic efficiency and ease of handling. There are some vehicles that make use of a modular design, enabling
470:
Some manufacturers have benefited from domestic government sponsorship including
Bluefin and Kongsberg. The market is effectively split into three areas: scientific (including universities and research agencies), commercial offshore (offshore energy, marine minerals etc.) and defence related
600:) position of the surface craft by means of acoustic range and bearing measurements. To improve estimation of its position, and reduce errors in dead reckoning (which grow over time), the AUV can also surface and take its own GPS fix. Between position fixes and for precise maneuvering, an
259:
inexperience, hobbyist AUVs can rarely compete with commercial models on operational depth, durability, or sophistication. Finally, these hobby AUVs are usually not oceangoing, being operated most of the time in pools or lake beds. A simple AUV can be constructed from a microcontroller,
648:
this is done internally by moving the batteries, which are mounted on a screw. Because of their low speed and low-power electronics, the energy required to cycle trim states is far less than for regular AUVs, and gliders can have endurances of months and transoceanic ranges.
157:
effective or too costly. Also, post-lay pipe surveys are now possible, which includes pipeline inspection. The use of AUVs for pipeline inspection and inspection of underwater man-made structures is becoming more common. There also is development of AUVs for potential
657:
Since radio waves do not propagate well under water, many AUV's incorporate acoustic modems to enable remote command and control. These modems typically utilize proprietary communications techniques and modulation schemes. In 2017 NATO ratified the ANEP-87
486:; the Bluefin Robotics 12-and-21-inch-diameter (300 and 530 mm) vehicles; the ISE Ltd. Explorer; Cellula Robotics' Solus LR; the RT Sys Comet and NemoSens AUVs; Teledyne's Gavia, Osprey and SeaRaptor; and the L3 Harris Ocean Server Iver range of AUVs.
644:"wings" convert this up-and-down motion to forward motion. The change of buoyancy is typically done through the use of a pump that can take in or push out water. The vehicle's pitch can be controlled by moving the center of mass of the vehicle. For
471:
applications (mine countermeasures, battle space preparation). The majority of these roles utilize a similar design and operate in a cruise (torpedo-type) mode. They collect data while following a preplanned route at speeds between 1 and 4 knots.
612:(DVL), which measures the rate of travel over the sea/lake floor. Typically, a pressure sensor measures the vertical position (vehicle depth), although depth and altitude can also be obtained from DVL measurements. These observations are
442:
Hundreds of different AUVs have been designed over the past 50 or so years, but only a few companies sell vehicles in any significant numbers. There are around 10 companies that sell AUVs on the international market, including
1202:
663:
Evaluations are also being conducted on novel communication techniques which are able to utilize the infrastructure as a communication path to provide alternative communication paths and opportunities from the vehicles.
1547:
1355:
1429:
695:, but these require substantial maintenance, require expensive refills and produce waste product that must be handled safely. An emerging trend is to combine different battery and power systems with
1609:
568:, in California, in September 2006, showed that a 21-inch-diameter (530 mm) AUV can tow a 400-foot-long (120 m) hydrophone array while maintaining a 6-knot (11 km/h) cruising speed.
1578:
1386:
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92:(ROVs) – controlled and powered from the surface by an operator/pilot via an umbilical or using remote control. In military applications an AUV is more often referred to as an
2371:
759:
1062:
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and reefs around the world. The RangerBot was developed for single person deployment and offers real-time on-board vision for navigation, obstacle detection, and management tasks.
1658:
1485:
1194:
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in the US and now produced commercially by HII; the HUGIN Family of AUVs comprising HUGIN, HUGIN Edge, HUGIN Superior and HUGIN Endurance developed by
Kongsberg Maritime and
1324:
2598:
1141:
1232:
1784:
576:
Radio waves cannot penetrate water very far, so as soon as an AUV dives it loses its GPS signal. Therefore, a standard way for AUVs to navigate underwater is through
632:, and a propeller which may be surrounded by a nozzle or not. All of these parts embedded in the AUV construction are involved in propulsion. Other vehicles use a
422:
1539:
1347:
505:) vehicles are able to achieve higher degrees of efficiency in propulsion and maneuverability by copying successful designs in nature. Two such vehicles are
2187:
1426:
144:
programs in the oceans. Recently, researchers have focused on the development of AUVs for long-term data collection in oceanography and coastal management.
1601:
497:
As of 2008, a new class of AUVs are being developed, which mimic designs found in nature. Although most are currently in their experimental stages, these
1410:
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that travels underwater without requiring continuous input from an operator. AUVs constitute part of a larger group of undersea systems known as
924:
898:
2354:
637:
AUV thrusters have a redundant shaft sealing system to guarantee a proper seal of the robot even if one of the seals fails during the mission.
581:
3177:
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2089:
2079:
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2019:
2009:
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1952:
1910:
124:
997:
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89:
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on board the AUV calculates through dead reckoning the AUV position, acceleration, and velocity. Estimates can be made using data from an
1070:
1655:
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which provide perhaps twice the endurance—at a substantial extra cost per mission. Previously some systems used aluminum based semi-
659:
1046:
1316:
327:
976:
406:
240:
The
Queensland University of Technology has also developed the RangerBot AUV as a predecessor to the COTSBot to help monitor the
2270:
1260:
116:
as early as 1957 by Stan Murphy, Bob
Francois and later on, Terry Ewart. The "Self-Propelled Underwater Research Vehicle", or
1634:
2170:
1102:
640:
Underwater gliders do not directly propel themselves. By changing their buoyancy and trim, they repeatedly sink and ascend;
1224:
279:
Submarines that travel autonomously to a destination by means of GPS navigation have been made by illegal drug traffickers.
1924:
1788:
371:
Man-portable vehicle class: 25–100 lb displacement; 10–20 hours endurance; launched from small water craft manually (i.e.,
202:
sensors. Additionally, AUVs can be configured as tow-vehicles to deliver customized sensor packages to specific locations.
1835:
835:"Optimal design of nose and tail of an autonomous underwater vehicle hull to reduce drag force using numerical simulation"
456:
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1809:
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85:
1177:
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2563:
2497:
839:
Proceedings of the
Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment
601:
3155:
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684:
605:
2383:
2328:
2255:
1407:
738:
222:
113:
2112:
The
Application of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) Technology in the Oil Industry – Vision and Experiences
57:
The
Blackghost AUV is designed to undertake an underwater assault course autonomously with no outside control.
2804:
2799:
2250:
2165:
410:
1741:
2998:
2523:
2492:
2471:
2466:
2232:
2124:
768: – Unmanned underwater vehicle in development in by Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute
335:
The U.S. Navy Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (UUV) Master Plan identified the following UUV missions in 2004:
3109:
2963:
2573:
2476:
426:
292:
128:
389:
Heavyweight vehicle class: up to 3,000 lb displacement, 40–80 hours endurance, launched from submarines
1508:
217:
An example of an AUV interacting directly with its environment is the Crown-Of-Thorns Starfish Robot (
3059:
2983:
2748:
2708:
2558:
2461:
920:
890:
846:
680:
609:
589:
430:
41:
Picture taken of the Battlespace Preparation Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (BPAUV) by an employee of
31:
452:
3208:
3150:
3013:
2713:
2553:
2344:
1164:
Wired for war: The robotics revolution and conflict in the twenty-first century by P.W.Singer, 2009
633:
521:
AUVs carry sensors to navigate autonomously and map features of the ocean. Typical sensors include
162:
1001:
3119:
3094:
3084:
3049:
2993:
2973:
2920:
2893:
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2426:
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2101:
1916:
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872:
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260:
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Large vehicle class: up to 10 long tons displacement; launched from surface ships and submarines
510:
3196:
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2691:
2593:
2568:
2516:
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2085:
2075:
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2015:
2005:
1995:
1985:
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1965:
1948:
1906:
1829:
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1125:
864:
714:
688:
629:
558:
101:
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221:) created by the Queensland University of Technology (QUT). The COTSBot finds and eradicates
3145:
3023:
3008:
2883:
2875:
2794:
2753:
2738:
2686:
2588:
2456:
2451:
2421:
2366:
2302:
2260:
2151:
1958:
1898:
1117:
950:
854:
747: – Centre for research, teaching, and technology development in Ocean and Earth science
708:
584:. When operating within a net of sea floor-deployed baseline transponders, this is known as
460:
448:
205:
The Applied Physics Lab at the University of Washington has been creating iterations of its
153:
68:
AUV for underwater mine identification and destruction. From Norwegian minehunter KNM Hinnøy
42:
378:
Lightweight vehicle class: up to 500 lb displacement, 20–40 hours endurance; launched from
311:
271:
relay. Some participants in competitions create designs that rely on open-source software.
3054:
3039:
2942:
2932:
2924:
2789:
2662:
2640:
2630:
2378:
2222:
1768:
1662:
1433:
1414:
1254:"Department of the Navy, The Navy Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (UUV) Master Plan, 9 Nov 2004"
1181:
1050:
821:
676:
526:
1175:
A maritime threat assessment of sea based criminal organizations and terrorist operations
1043:
850:
3172:
2988:
2978:
2900:
2843:
2784:
2723:
2718:
2703:
2635:
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2217:
777:
696:
577:
2116:
968:
3224:
3124:
3079:
2763:
2758:
2733:
2728:
2431:
2416:
1920:
1902:
1785:"Products / R&D Projects / BOSS - Manta Ray AUV / Overview | EvoLogics GMBH"
876:
789:
645:
613:
596:
positioning is used to calculate where the sub-sea vehicle is relative to the known (
186:
158:
1891:"Plasmonic - Surface Electromagnetic Wave Communication for subsea asset inspection"
1253:
1137:
780: – Autonomous underwater vehicle from National Institute of Oceanography, India
624:
There are a couple of propulsion techniques for AUVs. Some of them use a brushed or
2888:
2863:
2848:
2821:
2811:
2672:
2583:
2441:
2411:
2209:
2147:
1630:
1540:"Analysis: Ukraine Strikes With Kamikaze USVs – Russian Bases Are Not Safe Anymore"
1348:"Analysis: Ukraine Strikes With Kamikaze USVs – Russian Bases Are Not Safe Anymore"
565:
541:
and conductivity probes. Some AUVs are outfitted with biological sensors including
534:
132:
37:
1195:"Malaysia Airlines: World's only three Abyss submarines readied for plane search"
711: – Type of autonomous underwater vehicle capable of autonomous interventions
2910:
2836:
2826:
2816:
2779:
2696:
2657:
2436:
2192:
771:
726:
672:
546:
542:
475:
418:
195:
1890:
1427:
Ukraine’s Maritime Drone Strikes Again: Reports Indicate Attack On Novorossiysk
173:
954:
949:. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS).
538:
498:
397:
296:
234:
65:
2034:
Recommended Code of Practice for the Operation of Autonomous Marine Vehicles
1947:
Technology and Applications of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Gwyn Griffiths
1602:"Exclusive: New Ukrainian Underwater Drone Project To Dominate The Black Sea"
1129:
868:
859:
834:
3074:
2968:
2667:
1962:
1761:
814:
692:
550:
288:
210:
1708:
1225:"Bluefin robot joins search for missing Malaysian plane - The Boston Globe"
402:
UUVs, its first acquisition of unmanned submarines with combat capability.
383:
372:
120:, was used to study diffusion, acoustic transmission, and submarine wakes.
1969:
1174:
1173:
Lichtenwald, Terrance G.,Steinhour, Mara H., and Perri, Frank S. (2012). "
3114:
3064:
2539:
2446:
1849:
1571:"Russia Forced To Adapt To Ukraine's Maritime Drone Warfare In Black Sea"
729: – Imitation of biological systems for the solving of human problems
1448:"Russian warship damaged in Ukrainian attack on Novorossiysk naval base"
1121:
792: – Large autonomous underwater vehicle for laying fibre-optic cable
17:
3044:
2625:
2182:
2177:
1895:
2022 Sixth Underwater Communications and Networking Conference (UComms)
1379:"Why Ukraine's Remarkable Attack On Sevastopol Will Go Down In History"
783:
765:
720:
641:
522:
474:
Commercially available AUVs include various designs, such as the small
447:, HII (formerly Hydroid, and previously owned by Kongsberg Maritime)),
264:
218:
53:
46:
891:"Impossible Metals demonstrates its super-careful seabed mining robot"
3099:
2650:
2645:
795:
502:
382:
using launch-retriever system or by cranes from surface ships (i.e.,
112:
The first AUV was developed at the Applied Physics Laboratory at the
3069:
2617:
815:
Autonomous Vehicles at the Institute of Marine Technology Problems
798: – Autonomous underwater vehicle being developed by Eelume AS
753:
530:
506:
367:
By 2014, the Navy Master Plan divided all UUVs into four classes:
326:
318:
310:
172:
117:
81:
60:
52:
36:
1063:"Robotic Submarine Running Debian Wins International Competition"
588:. When a surface reference such as a support ship is available,
3104:
2014:
Optimal Control System for A Semi-Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
1733:
1317:"The Navy is starting to put up real money for robot submarines"
1286:"Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest, Volume 32, Number 5 (2014)"
1044:
Osaka University NAOE Mini Underwater Glider (MUG) for Education
268:
233:. It uses a neural network to identify the starfish and injects
61:
2512:
2120:
741: – Office within the United States Department of the Navy
671:
Most AUVs in use today are powered by rechargeable batteries (
597:
291:, have been used to find wreckage of missing airplanes, e.g.
756: – Autonomous underwater vehicle powered by a fuel cell
2508:
1994:
1996 Symposium on Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Technology
1957:
Review of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) Developments
554:
199:
27:
Uncrewed underwater vehicle with autonomous guidance system
2102:
First AUV to cross Atlantic Ocean Displayed at Smithsonian
947:
Robotic detection and tracking of Crown-of-thorns starfish
409:, Ukrainian armed forces made a number of advancements in
131:
in MIT. At the same time, AUVs were also developed in the
2084:
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles: Design and practice
135:(although this was not commonly known until much later).
1678:
1478:"Northern Fleet ship seriously damaged in drone attack"
1417:, US Naval Institute, December 2022, Vol. 148/12/1,438.
749:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
760:
National Institute for Undersea Science and Technology
723: – Application of natural systems to technology
580:. Navigation can, however, be improved by using an
152:
The oil and gas industry uses AUVs to make detailed
3138:
3032:
2956:
2919:
2874:
2772:
2616:
2546:
2394:
2337:
2321:
2285:
2243:
2208:
2201:
2158:
1889:Mulholland, J.J.; Smolyaninov, I.I. (2022-08-30).
1184:," Homeland Security Affairs Volume 8, Article 13.
1984:The Operation of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles2
735: – American oceanographic research institute
417:control architecture, sometimes with mid-mission
2004:Development of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
1974:Masterclass in AUV Technology for Polar Science
1810:"High Efficiency, Low Noise Underwater Thruster"
1101:Sharkey, Noel; Goodman, Marc; Ros, Nick (2010).
263:pressure housing, automatic door lock actuator,
127:in the 1970s. One of these is on display in the
88:, a classification that includes non-autonomous
2107:Presentation of the AUV Abyss (IFM-GEOMAR Kiel)
1816:. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023
833:Saghafi, Mohammad; Lavimi, Roham (2020-02-01).
1709:"Unmanned Systems | Submergence Group | MSubs"
1507:Zafra, Mariano; McClure, Jon (July 17, 2023).
339:Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance
2524:
2132:
717: – Type of autonomous underwater vehicle
683:etc.), and are implemented with some form of
8:
2188:List of unmanned aerial vehicle applications
1734:"LAUV – Light Autonomous Underwater Vehicle"
945:Dayoub, F.; Dunbabin, M.; Corke, P. (2015).
774: – Autonomous underwater vehicle series
287:Autonomous underwater vehicles, for example
2308:Remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROUV)
2531:
2517:
2509:
2205:
2139:
2125:
2117:
921:"Seaglider: Autonomous Underwater Vehicle"
616:to determine a final navigation solution.
30:"AUV" redirects here. For other uses, see
1034:Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Competition
858:
762: – Research organisation within NOAA
745:National Oceanography Centre, Southampton
214:will see success in myriad applications.
209:AUV platform since the 1950s. Though the
786: – Self-propelled underwater weapon
733:Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
484:Norwegian Defence Research Establishment
431:Russian naval facilities at Novorossiysk
807:
123:Other early AUVs were developed at the
2074:The World AUV Market Report 2010-2019
1827:
582:underwater acoustic positioning system
354:Communication/navigation network nodes
2938:Simultaneous localization and mapping
2054:Remotely operated underwater vehicle
1897:. Lerici, Italy: IEEE. pp. 1–5.
1389:from the original on 17 November 2022
125:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
90:remotely operated underwater vehicles
7:
1581:from the original on 24 January 2024
1550:from the original on 8 November 2022
1358:from the original on 8 November 2022
1327:from the original on 23 October 2020
1205:from the original on 5 February 2017
901:from the original on 8 December 2022
480:Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
2298:Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)
457:International Submarine Engineering
2171:Unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV)
1860:from the original on 30 March 2019
1519:from the original on July 18, 2023
1488:from the original on 4 August 2023
1458:from the original on 4 August 2023
1346:Ozberk, Tayfun (30 October 2022).
1266:from the original on 29 March 2017
608:, and can be improved by adding a
254:Personal Submersibles Organization
25:
2293:Unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV)
1637:from the original on 25 July 2011
1569:Sutton, H.I. (21 December 2023).
3202:
3191:
3190:
2607:
1903:10.1109/UComms56954.2022.9905693
1656:"KONGSBERG acquires Hydroid LLC"
1509:"The counteroffensive in Crimea"
1025:(this competition is now closed)
553:sensors, and sensors to measure
455:(previously known as Hafmynd),
425:on Russian naval vessels at the
3203:
2266:Automatic train operation (ATO)
2024:Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
1927:from the original on 2022-10-05
1744:from the original on 2017-02-28
1715:from the original on 2023-05-25
1689:from the original on 2013-01-22
1612:from the original on 2024-01-24
1538:Ozberk, Tayfun (17 July 2023).
1446:Tom Balmforth (4 August 2023).
1436:, Naval News, 18 November 2022.
1377:Sutton, HI (17 November 2022).
1235:from the original on 2017-02-28
1147:from the original on 2022-07-09
979:from the original on 2023-01-30
927:from the original on 2017-11-02
396:In 2019, the Navy ordered five
159:seabed mining and/or harvesting
3231:Autonomous underwater vehicles
2329:Unmanned surface vehicle (USV)
2256:Automated guided vehicle (AGV)
463:, RTsys, MSubs and OceanScan.
229:), a species that damages the
1:
2251:Unmanned ground vehicle (UGV)
2166:Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
1408:USVs at Work in the Black Sea
1103:"The Coming Robot Crime Wave"
1023:Designspark ChipKIT Challenge
74:autonomous underwater vehicle
1069:. 2009-10-08. Archived from
478:AUV originally developed by
301:Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
86:unmanned underwater vehicles
3241:Vehicles introduced in 1957
2948:Vision-guided robot systems
509:'s AquaJelly (AUV) and the
407:Russian invasion of Ukraine
299:was used in the search for
179:University of South Florida
3257:
3168:Technological unemployment
2044:Autonomer Mobiler Roboter
602:Inertial Navigation System
251:
29:
3186:
3156:Workplace robotics safety
2605:
2485:
1834:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1600:Sutton, HI (2024-01-24).
955:10.1109/IROS.2015.7353629
685:battery management system
626:brush-less electric motor
606:Inertial Measurement Unit
373:Mk 18 Mod 1 Swordfish UUV
348:Inspection/identification
315:MK 18 MOD 1 Swordfish UUV
94:unmanned undersea vehicle
2303:Intervention AUV (I-AUV)
860:10.1177/1475090219863191
739:Office of Naval Research
429:in October 2022 and the
384:Mk 18 Mod 2 Kingfish UUV
323:Mk 18 Mod 2 Kingfish UUV
283:Air crash investigations
223:crown-of-thorns starfish
114:University of Washington
104:are a subclass of AUVs.
3004:Human–robot interaction
2372:spaceflights to the ISS
1963:10.5962/bhl.title.39207
1049:March 13, 2011, at the
973:QUT Centre for Robotics
467:and recovery systems).
421:updates. Employed in a
413:(USV) technology using
411:uncrewed surface vessel
405:In 2022–23, during the
2472:Remote control vehicle
2467:Radio-controlled model
1879:Norway. ⟨hal-03779076⟩
1707:rvarcoe (2018-03-27).
1482:thebarentsobserver.com
360:Information operations
345:Anti-submarine warfare
332:
324:
316:
190:
69:
58:
50:
3110:Starship Technologies
2477:Remote control animal
1738:www.oceanscan-mst.com
1631:"AUV System Timeline"
1091:Kijk magazine, 3/2012
820:May 27, 2009, at the
687:. Some vehicles use
427:Sevastopol Naval Base
363:Time-critical strikes
330:
322:
314:
307:Military applications
293:Air France Flight 447
176:
129:Hart Nautical Gallery
64:
56:
45:Corporation during a
40:
3060:Energid Technologies
2462:Autonomous logistics
681:nickel metal hydride
610:Doppler Velocity Log
594:short-baseline (SBL)
590:ultra-short baseline
342:Mine countermeasures
275:Illegal drug traffic
154:maps of the seafloor
32:AUV (disambiguation)
3151:Powered exoskeleton
2345:Uncrewed spacecraft
1666:Kongsberg - Hydroid
1122:10.1109/MC.2010.242
897:. 8 December 2022.
851:2020PIMEM.234...76S
564:A demonstration at
331:Kingfish UUV launch
181:researcher deploys
163:polymetallic nodule
3236:Robotic submarines
3120:Universal Robotics
3095:Intuitive Surgical
3085:Harvest Automation
3050:Barrett Technology
2832:Robotic spacecraft
2678:Audio-Animatronics
2064:Underwater Robots
1767:2015-09-24 at the
1661:2014-06-06 at the
1432:2022-11-19 at the
1413:2022-11-30 at the
1180:2013-03-17 at the
445:Kongsberg Maritime
423:a multi-USV attack
333:
325:
317:
242:Great Barrier Reef
231:Great Barrier Reef
227:Acanthaster planci
191:
185:, a solar-powered
102:Underwater gliders
70:
59:
51:
3218:
3217:
3161:Robotic tech vest
3090:Honeybee Robotics
2906:Electric unicycle
2859:remotely-operated
2506:
2505:
2498:Unmanned vehicles
2313:Underwater glider
2281:
2280:
2152:uncrewed vehicles
2090:978-1-78561-703-4
2080:978-1-905183-48-7
2070:978-3-540-31752-4
2060:978-613-0-30144-6
2050:978-1-158-80510-5
2040:978-0-906940-51-8
2030:978-1-4398-1831-2
2020:978-3-639-24545-5
2010:978-3-639-09644-6
2000:978-0-7803-3185-3
1990:978-0-906940-40-2
1980:978-0-906940-48-8
1953:978-0-415-30154-1
1912:978-1-6654-7461-0
1484:. 4 August 2023.
1323:. 19 April 2019.
1321:Los Angeles Times
1201:. 23 March 2014.
715:Underwater glider
689:primary batteries
557:, and amounts of
525:, depth sensors,
16:(Redirected from
3248:
3206:
3205:
3194:
3193:
3178:Fictional robots
3146:Critique of work
2795:Unmanned vehicle
2611:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2510:
2457:Autonomous robot
2452:Robot locomotion
2367:Cargo spacecraft
2360:list of orbiters
2261:Self-driving car
2206:
2141:
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1846:
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1806:
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1797:
1796:
1787:. Archived from
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1297:
1291:. Archived from
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1080:
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1073:on 28 April 2015
1059:
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1009:
1000:. Archived from
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862:
830:
824:
812:
750:
709:Intervention AUV
559:dissolved oxygen
513:BOSS Manta Ray.
461:Atlas Elektronik
449:Bluefin Robotics
357:Payload delivery
194:sensors (CTDs),
43:Bluefin Robotics
21:
3256:
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3251:
3250:
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3247:
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3245:
3221:
3220:
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3182:
3134:
3055:Boston Dynamics
3040:Amazon Robotics
3028:
2952:
2943:Visual odometry
2933:Motion planning
2915:
2870:
2790:Continuum robot
2773:Classifications
2768:
2631:Anthropomorphic
2612:
2603:
2599:AI competitions
2542:
2537:
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2481:
2390:
2379:Space telescope
2355:list by program
2333:
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1944:
1939:
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1887:
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1863:
1861:
1850:"Slocum Glider"
1848:
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1826:
1819:
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1808:
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1772:Festo Corporate
1769:Wayback Machine
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1229:BostonGlobe.com
1223:
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1199:Telegraph.co.uk
1193:
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1188:
1182:Wayback Machine
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1051:Wayback Machine
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1004:on 13 June 2015
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822:Wayback Machine
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697:supercapacitors
677:lithium polymer
669:
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622:
574:
545:(also known as
519:
440:
438:Vehicle designs
309:
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3173:Terrainability
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2792:
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2785:Cloud robotics
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2350:list of probes
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2096:External links
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578:dead reckoning
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187:"tweeting" AUV
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2764:Soft robotics
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2759:BEAM robotics
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2964:Evolutionary
2911:Robotic fins
2864:Robotic fish
2853:
2849:Telerobotics
2822:Nanorobotics
2812:Mobile robot
2749:Food service
2744:Agricultural
2594:Competitions
2579:Hall of Fame
2442:Nanorobotics
2427:Agricultural
2297:
1942:Bibliography
1929:. Retrieved
1894:
1884:
1874:
1862:. Retrieved
1854:www.whoi.edu
1853:
1844:
1818:. Retrieved
1814:lianinno.com
1813:
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1793:. Retrieved
1789:the original
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1293:the original
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1071:the original
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1002:the original
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885:
845:(1): 76–88.
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828:
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656:
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623:
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566:Monterey Bay
563:
543:fluorometers
520:
496:
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469:
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398:
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366:
351:Oceanography
334:
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257:
239:
237:to kill it.
226:
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196:fluorometers
192:
182:
151:
142:
139:Applications
133:Soviet Union
122:
111:
97:
93:
77:
73:
71:
2984:Open-source
2837:Space probe
2827:Necrobotics
2817:Microbotics
2780:Biorobotics
2709:Educational
2692:Articulated
2673:Animatronic
2658:Claytronics
2437:Microbotics
2193:Ornithopter
1762:"AquaJelly"
1585:24 December
1393:18 November
1067:Debian-News
969:"RangerBot"
772:REMUS (AUV)
727:Biomimetics
673:lithium ion
628:, gearbox,
547:chlorophyll
539:thermistors
459:(ISE) Ltd,
419:telerobotic
3225:Categories
3024:Ubiquitous
3014:Perceptual
2921:Navigation
2876:Locomotion
2854:Underwater
2739:Disability
2687:Industrial
2489:Categories
2422:Disability
2286:Underwater
1931:2024-01-24
1864:23 January
1820:23 January
1795:2018-03-24
1748:2017-02-28
1719:2023-05-25
1693:2024-01-24
1616:2024-01-24
1606:Naval News
1575:Naval News
1544:Naval News
1383:Naval News
1362:31 October
1352:Naval News
1331:20 October
1302:2015-11-18
1239:2017-02-28
1151:2024-01-24
983:2024-01-09
931:2019-05-30
905:17 January
803:References
693:fuel cells
620:Propulsion
592:(USBL) or
572:Navigation
549:sensors),
529:and other
499:biomimetic
434:defenses.
415:autonomous
295:, and the
252:See also:
235:bile salts
148:Commercial
66:Pluto Plus
3075:Figure AI
3033:Companies
3009:Paradigms
2994:Adaptable
2974:Simulator
2668:Automaton
2663:Companion
2574:Geography
1970:227209412
1921:252705048
1130:0018-9162
998:"RoboSub"
895:New Atlas
877:199578272
869:1475-0902
551:turbidity
523:compasses
511:EvoLogics
476:REMUS 100
289:AUV ABYSS
211:Seaglider
207:Seaglider
3197:Category
3115:Symbotic
3065:FarmWise
3019:Situated
2989:Software
2957:Research
2901:Climbing
2724:Military
2719:Juggling
2704:Domestic
2636:Humanoid
2559:Glossary
2540:Robotics
2447:Robotics
2407:Military
2402:Domestic
2218:Humanoid
1925:Archived
1858:Archived
1830:cite web
1765:Archived
1742:Archived
1713:Archived
1687:Archived
1659:Archived
1635:Archived
1610:Archived
1579:Archived
1548:Archived
1523:July 18,
1517:Archived
1492:4 August
1486:Archived
1462:4 August
1456:Archived
1430:Archived
1411:Archived
1387:Archived
1356:Archived
1325:Archived
1270:26 April
1261:Archived
1233:Archived
1203:Archived
1178:Archived
1142:Archived
1138:29820095
1110:Computer
1047:Archived
977:Archived
925:Archived
899:Archived
818:Archived
778:MAYA AUV
703:See also
630:Lip seal
614:filtered
527:sidescan
267:, and a
265:syringes
183:Tavros02
169:Research
49:exercise
18:Hydrobot
3209:Outline
3139:Related
3130:Yaskawa
3045:Anybots
2925:mapping
2894:Hexapod
2889:Walking
2734:Service
2729:Medical
2641:Android
2626:Aerobot
2569:History
2554:Outline
2417:Medical
2322:Surface
2228:Hexapod
2223:Android
2210:Walking
2183:Helicam
2178:Aerobot
1679:"RTsys"
1554:18 July
1513:Reuters
1452:Reuters
1209:3 April
847:Bibcode
784:Torpedo
766:AUV-150
721:Bionics
642:airfoil
517:Sensors
219:COTSBot
189:(SAUV).
165:rocks.
108:History
80:) is a
47:US Navy
3100:IRobot
2884:Tracks
2805:ground
2800:aerial
2754:Retail
2651:Gynoid
2646:Cyborg
2584:Ethics
2412:Rescue
2202:Ground
2159:Aerial
2088:
2078:
2068:
2058:
2048:
2038:
2028:
2018:
2008:
1998:
1988:
1978:
1968:
1951:
1919:
1909:
1774:, 2008
1668:, 2007
1641:25 May
1136:
1128:
1077:25 May
1008:25 May
875:
867:
796:Eelume
531:sonars
503:bionic
198:, and
3070:FANUC
2979:Suite
2844:Swarm
2618:Types
2564:Index
2395:Other
2338:Space
2244:Other
1917:S2CID
1296:(PDF)
1289:(PDF)
1264:(PDF)
1257:(PDF)
1145:(PDF)
1134:S2CID
1106:(PDF)
873:S2CID
754:DeepC
667:Power
660:JANUS
507:Festo
248:Hobby
118:SPURV
82:robot
3105:KUKA
2969:Kits
2923:and
2589:Laws
2384:list
2271:list
2233:list
2150:and
2086:ISBN
2076:ISBN
2066:ISBN
2056:ISBN
2046:ISBN
2036:ISBN
2026:ISBN
2016:ISBN
2006:ISBN
1996:ISBN
1986:ISBN
1976:ISBN
1966:OCLC
1949:ISBN
1907:ISBN
1866:2023
1836:link
1822:2023
1643:2015
1587:2023
1556:2023
1525:2023
1494:2023
1464:2023
1395:2022
1364:2022
1333:2020
1272:2017
1211:2018
1126:ISSN
1079:2015
1010:2015
907:2023
865:ISSN
501:(or
399:Orca
380:RHIB
269:DPDT
100:).
2697:arm
1959:doi
1899:doi
1118:doi
951:doi
855:doi
843:234
598:GPS
261:PVC
161:of
98:UUV
78:AUV
72:An
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555:pH
537:,
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451:,
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200:pH
177:A
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
