216:
40:
25:
135:
373:. This amplifier was installed on the interior side of the cars' firewall, and had a duct which provided outside air to cool the unit. The rest of the system (distributor and spark plugs) remains as for the mechanical system. The lack of moving parts compared with the mechanical system leads to greater reliability and longer service intervals.
384:" arrangement which has no drawbacks apart from faster spark plug erosion; the paired cylinders are 1/4 and 2/3 on four cylinder arrangements, 1/4, 6/3, 2/5 on six cylinder engines and 6/7, 4/1, 8/3 and 2/5 on V8 engines. Other systems do away with the distributor as a timing apparatus and use a magnetic
171:
Used on many cars in the early 20th century, ignition magnetos were largely replaced by induction coil ignition systems. The use of ignition magnetos is now confined mainly to engines without a battery, for example in lawnmowers and chainsaws. It is also used in modern piston-engined aircraft (even
206:
ignition system, whereby the trembler interrupted the current through the coil and caused a rapid series of sparks during each firing. The trembler coil would be energized at an appropriate point in the engine cycle. In the Model T, the four-cylinder engine had a trembler coil for each cylinder.
310:
the next year, ran a fleet test in 1964, and began offering optional EI on some models in 1965. This electronic system was utilized on the GT40s campaigned by Shelby
American and Holman and Moody. Robert C. Hogle, Ford Motor Company, presented the, "Mark II-GT Ignition and Electrical System",
241:(to direct the electricity from the ignition coil to the correct cylinder). The Kettering system became the primary ignition system for many years in the automotive industry due to its lower cost and relative simplicity.
311:
Publication #670068, at the SAE Congress, Detroit, Michigan, January 9–13, 1967. Beginning in 1958, Earl W. Meyer at
Chrysler worked on EI, continuing until 1961 and resulting in use of EI on the company's
340:
debuted their breakerless CD system. The most famous aftermarket electronic ignition which debuted in 1965, was the Delta Mark 10 capacitive discharge ignition, which was sold assembled or as a kit.
324:'s CD-65, which relied on capacitance discharge (CD), appeared in 1965, and had "an unprecedented 50,000 mile warranty." (This differs from the non-CD Prest-O-Lite system introduced on
380:(TDC) at the same time); in the four-cycle engine this means that one plug will be sparking during the end of the exhaust stroke while the other fires at the usual time, a so-called "
769:
354:
In 1967, Prest-O-Lite made a "Black Box" ignition amplifier, intended to take the load off the distributor's breaker points during high rpm runs, which was used by
1436:
294:
became the first automaker to offer an optional EI, the breakerless magnetic pulse-triggered
Delcotronic, on some 1963 models; it was also available on some
233:
at Delco in the United States and introduced in
Cadillac's 1912 cars. The Kettering ignition system consisted of a single ignition coil, breaker points, a
469:
298:. The first commercially available all solid-state (SCR) capacitive discharge ignition was manufactured by Hyland Electronics in Canada also in 1963.
762:
328:
products in 1972, and made standard equipment for the 1975 model year.) A similar CD unit was available from Delco in 1966, which was optional on
117:-based systems (first used in 1912). Electronic ignition systems (first used in 1968) became common towards the end of the 20th century, with
1337:
511:
755:
376:
A variation coil-on-plug ignition has each coil handle two plugs, on cylinders which are 360 degrees out of phase (and therefore reach
1276:
190:
became more common in cars (due to the increased usage of electric starter motors), magneto systems were replaced by systems using an
954:
94:
to ignite the fuel-air mixture using the heat of compression and therefore do not use an ignition system. They usually have
1251:
464:
835:
416:
250:
1441:
778:
66:
663:
215:
1426:
1387:
1301:
1246:
1198:
1106:
377:
95:
1382:
1223:
932:
69:(such as petrol engines), the ignition system creates a spark to ignite the fuel-air mixture just before each
400:(ECU), which is a single device that controls various engine functions including the ignition system and the
1157:
295:
404:. This contrasts earlier engines, where the fuel injection and ignition were operated as separate systems.
979:
283:
195:
39:
1096:
937:
359:
272:
187:
168:
to make pulses of high voltage for the spark plugs. The older term "high-tension" means "high-voltage".
157:
118:
62:
30:
1091:
863:
315:
291:
1431:
1241:
1139:
869:
397:
1162:
959:
439:
385:
367:
299:
99:
684:
490:
964:
904:
855:
230:
1256:
1213:
1172:
1121:
1086:
1007:
994:
459:
333:
307:
264:
161:
143:
106:
700:
1367:
927:
884:
325:
276:
70:
45:
1233:
1203:
1058:
825:
401:
191:
680:
1420:
1405:
1296:
1289:
1266:
1111:
1043:
1038:
1002:
919:
859:
820:
810:
726:
427:
363:
260:
181:
110:
87:
81:
1022:
1017:
984:
889:
879:
815:
799:
381:
321:
256:
199:
172:
though a battery is present), to avoid the engine relying on an electrical system.
1400:
1284:
1101:
1053:
1012:
969:
899:
688:
412:
370:
286:
began offering EI that year, with both the AutoLite
Electric Transistor 201 and
279:
238:
224:
165:
114:
77:
58:
347:
was the first production car to come standard with EI in 1968, followed by the
1372:
1332:
1311:
1306:
1208:
1193:
1116:
1048:
974:
914:
845:
596:
574:
552:
530:
447:
431:
329:
268:
747:
1327:
1068:
1063:
850:
830:
435:
420:
348:
344:
234:
351:
in 1971, Chrysler (after a 1971 trial) in 1973 and by Ford and GM in 1975.
24:
1350:
1346:
1218:
949:
874:
840:
443:
337:
303:
287:
134:
1377:
1261:
388:
mounted on the crankshaft to trigger the ignition at the proper time.
1188:
1167:
944:
894:
312:
512:"Charles F. Kettering, inventor of electric self-starter, is born"
450:
propellants that ignite spontaneously on contact with each other.
419:, however the ignition system is only used at startup or when the
355:
214:
133:
1342:
751:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
617:
615:
613:
121:
versions of these systems becoming widespread since the 1990s.
789:
61:
to initiate combustion by igniting the fuel-air mixture. In a
489:
Patterson, Ron; Coniff, Steve (November–December 2003).
290:
EI-4 (thyratron capacitive discharge) being available.
84:
normally use an ignition system only during start-up.
491:"The Model T Ford Ignition System & Spark Timing"
1360:
1320:
1275:
1232:
1181:
1148:
1130:
1077:
1031:
993:
913:
798:
664:"The new Jaguar V12 - Motor Sport Magazine Archive"
237:(to prevent the points from arcing at break) and a
16:Electric spark system to ignite a fuel-air mixture
302:fitted a FORD designed breakerless system on the
336:vehicles in the 1967 model year. Also in 1967,
156:) is an older type of ignition system used in
763:
8:
229:An improved ignition system was invented by
770:
756:
748:
551:Kettering, Charles F. (3 September 1912).
529:Kettering, Charles F. (3 September 1912).
531:"Ignition apparatus for explosion-motors"
470:History of the internal combustion engine
442:that place flames across the face of the
836:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
573:Kettering, Charles F. (17 April 1917).
481:
701:"How the Engine Control Module Works"
219:Rotor contacts inside distributor cap
7:
415:engines (including jet engines) use
271:ignition in 1955, which was used on
160:(such as petrol engines). It uses a
1437:Applications of control engineering
595:Hawthorne, John A. (20 June 1967).
428:ignition system in a rocket engine
113:systems, which were superseded by
14:
396:Modern automotive engines use an
255:The first electronic ignition (a
102:to aid starting in cold weather.
38:
23:
938:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
408:Gas turbine and rocket engines
125:Magneto and mechanical systems
1:
362:on their factory Super Stock
417:capacitor discharge ignition
259:type) was tested in 1948 by
251:Capacitor discharge ignition
1458:
779:Internal combustion engine
465:Faraday's law of induction
446:plate, or, alternatively,
430:is critical to avoiding a
248:
222:
179:
141:
67:internal combustion engine
1396:
1247:Diesel particulate filter
1199:Idle air control actuator
1140:Engine control unit (ECU)
785:
211:Distributor-based systems
1312:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
1224:Throttle position sensor
933:Overhead camshaft layout
681:northstarperformance.com
130:Ignition magneto systems
851:Core plug (freeze plug)
438:. Rockets often employ
220:
196:Benz Patent-Motorwagen
176:Induction coil systems
158:spark-ignition engines
139:
705:www.HowStuffWorks.com
282:engines in 1962. The
218:
137:
31:Coil-on-plug ignition
1092:Compression ignition
668:Motor Sport Magazine
423:(s) flame goes out.
392:Engine Control Units
154:high-tension magneto
92:compression ignition
1242:Catalytic converter
440:pyrotechnic devices
398:engine control unit
1368:Knocking / pinging
960:Combustion chamber
386:crank angle sensor
349:Jaguar XJ Series 1
318:in 1963 and 1964.
245:Electronic systems
221:
140:
100:combustion chamber
1442:Engine components
1414:
1413:
1383:Stratified charge
1150:Electrical system
1132:Engine management
965:Compression ratio
905:Starter ring gear
804:rotating assembly
651:Super Street Cars
622:Super Street Cars
597:"Ignition system"
575:"Ignition system"
553:"Ignition system"
231:Charles Kettering
98:that preheat the
1449:
1427:Ignition systems
1257:Exhaust manifold
1122:Spark plug wires
1008:Boost controller
995:Forced induction
772:
765:
758:
749:
742:
741:
739:
737:
723:
717:
716:
714:
712:
697:
691:
678:
672:
671:
660:
654:
648:
625:
619:
608:
607:
605:
603:
592:
586:
585:
583:
581:
570:
564:
563:
561:
559:
548:
542:
541:
539:
537:
526:
520:
519:
508:
502:
501:
495:
486:
460:Electromagnetism
150:ignition magneto
144:Ignition magneto
138:Ignition magneto
107:ignition magneto
105:Early cars used
65:versions of the
55:Ignition systems
42:
27:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1392:
1388:Top dead centre
1356:
1316:
1271:
1228:
1177:
1151:
1144:
1133:
1126:
1073:
1027:
989:
945:Tappet / lifter
928:Flathead layout
918:
909:
803:
794:
781:
776:
746:
745:
735:
733:
731:www.haltech.com
727:"How ECUs Work"
725:
724:
720:
710:
708:
699:
698:
694:
679:
675:
662:
661:
657:
649:
628:
620:
611:
601:
599:
594:
593:
589:
579:
577:
572:
571:
567:
557:
555:
550:
549:
545:
535:
533:
528:
527:
523:
510:
509:
505:
493:
488:
487:
483:
478:
456:
410:
394:
378:top dead center
332:, Pontiac, and
277:Coventry Climax
253:
247:
227:
213:
184:
178:
152:(also called a
146:
132:
127:
52:
51:
50:
49:
48:
46:Distributor cap
43:
35:
34:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1455:
1453:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1419:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1277:Cooling system
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1234:Exhaust system
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1204:Inlet manifold
1201:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1059:Fuel injection
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
999:
997:
991:
990:
988:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
941:
940:
935:
930:
924:
922:
911:
910:
908:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
826:Connecting rod
823:
818:
813:
807:
805:
796:
795:
786:
783:
782:
777:
775:
774:
767:
760:
752:
744:
743:
718:
692:
673:
670:. 7 July 2014.
655:
626:
609:
587:
565:
543:
521:
503:
480:
479:
477:
474:
473:
472:
467:
462:
455:
452:
409:
406:
402:fuel injection
393:
390:
269:transistorized
246:
243:
223:Main article:
212:
209:
192:induction coil
180:Main article:
177:
174:
142:Main article:
131:
128:
126:
123:
88:Diesel engines
82:rocket engines
63:spark ignition
44:
37:
36:
29:
22:
21:
20:
19:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1454:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1290:Water cooling
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1267:Oxygen sensor
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:Intake system
1180:
1174:
1173:Starter motor
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:Ignition coil
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1044:Petrol engine
1042:
1040:
1039:Diesel engine
1037:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1003:Blowoff valve
1001:
1000:
998:
996:
992:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
942:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
925:
923:
921:
920:Cylinder head
916:
912:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
865:
861:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
811:Balance shaft
809:
808:
806:
801:
797:
793:
791:
784:
780:
773:
768:
766:
761:
759:
754:
753:
750:
732:
728:
722:
719:
706:
702:
696:
693:
690:
686:
682:
677:
674:
669:
665:
659:
656:
653:, 9/81, p.35.
652:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
635:
633:
631:
627:
624:, 9/81, p.34.
623:
618:
616:
614:
610:
598:
591:
588:
576:
569:
566:
554:
547:
544:
532:
525:
522:
517:
513:
507:
504:
499:
498:Model T Times
492:
485:
482:
475:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
453:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
407:
405:
403:
399:
391:
389:
387:
383:
379:
374:
372:
369:
365:
361:
357:
352:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
317:
314:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
278:
274:
270:
267:introduced a
266:
262:
258:
252:
244:
242:
240:
236:
232:
226:
217:
210:
208:
205:
204:trembler coil
201:
198:and the 1908
197:
193:
189:
183:
182:Trembler coil
175:
173:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
145:
136:
129:
124:
122:
120:
116:
112:
111:trembler coil
108:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
83:
79:
75:
73:
68:
64:
60:
56:
47:
41:
32:
26:
1297:Electric fan
1097:Coil-on-plug
1078:
1023:Turbocharger
1018:Supercharger
890:Main bearing
880:Firing order
870:Displacement
816:Block heater
800:Engine block
788:Part of the
787:
734:. Retrieved
730:
721:
709:. Retrieved
707:. 8 May 2012
704:
695:
676:
667:
658:
650:
621:
600:. Retrieved
590:
578:. Retrieved
568:
556:. Retrieved
546:
534:. Retrieved
524:
515:
506:
497:
484:
425:
411:
395:
382:wasted spark
375:
353:
342:
322:Prest-O-Lite
320:
308:Indianapolis
257:cold cathode
254:
228:
203:
200:Ford Model T
185:
170:
153:
149:
147:
119:coil-on-plug
104:
91:
86:
80:engines and
71:
59:heat engines
57:are used by
54:
53:
1321:Lubrication
1285:Air cooling
1102:Distributor
1054:Fuel filter
1032:Fuel system
1013:Intercooler
980:Timing belt
970:Head gasket
900:Piston ring
689:i.fixya.net
413:Gas turbine
371:drag racers
306:entered at
284:aftermarket
280:Formula One
239:distributor
225:Distributor
194:. The 1886
166:transformer
115:Distributor
78:Gas turbine
1432:Auto parts
1421:Categories
1373:Power band
1333:Oil filter
1307:Thermostat
1252:EGT sensor
1214:MAF sensor
1209:MAP sensor
1194:Air filter
1158:Alternator
1117:Spark plug
1049:Carburetor
975:Rocker arm
915:Valvetrain
846:Crankshaft
790:Automobile
476:References
448:hypergolic
432:hard start
330:Oldsmobile
261:Delco-Remy
249:See also:
72:combustion
1107:Glow plug
1069:Fuel tank
1064:Fuel pump
831:Crankcase
685:fixya.com
436:explosion
421:combustor
368:Belvedere
345:Fiat Dino
304:Lotus 25s
296:Corvettes
235:capacitor
188:batteries
96:glowplugs
1406:Category
1351:Dry sump
1347:Wet sump
1338:Oil pump
1302:Radiator
1219:Throttle
1079:Ignition
950:Camshaft
875:Flywheel
856:Cylinder
841:Crankpin
736:29 April
711:29 April
454:See also
444:injector
360:Plymouth
338:Motorola
288:Tung-Sol
263:, while
1378:Redline
1262:Muffler
1163:Battery
1087:Magneto
516:HISTORY
364:Coronet
292:Pontiac
202:used a
162:magneto
1401:Portal
1189:Airbox
1168:Dynamo
895:Piston
885:Stroke
864:layout
792:series
313:NASCAR
164:and a
74:stroke
33:device
1361:Other
985:Valve
955:Chest
602:1 May
580:1 May
558:1 May
536:1 May
494:(PDF)
356:Dodge
316:hemis
265:Lucas
1343:Sump
860:bank
821:Bore
738:2023
713:2023
604:2023
582:2023
560:2023
538:2023
426:The
366:and
358:and
343:The
300:Ford
275:and
109:and
90:use
1328:Oil
917:and
802:and
434:or
334:GMC
326:AMC
273:BRM
186:As
148:An
1423::
1349:,
862:,
729:.
703:.
687:,
683:,
666:.
629:^
612:^
514:.
496:.
76:.
1353:)
1345:(
866:)
858:(
771:e
764:t
757:v
740:.
715:.
606:.
584:.
562:.
540:.
518:.
500:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
