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355:
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1341:
1396:, argued that the female brain was similar to that of an animal. This allowed anthropologists to declare that women were in fact more emotional and less rational than men. McGrigor then concluded that women's brains were more analogous to infants, thus deeming them inferior at the time. To further these claims of female inferiority and silence the feminists of the time, other anthropologists joined in on the studies of the female skull. These cranial measurements are the basis of what is known as
822:, there has also been considerable modification from the primitive pattern. The roof of the skull is generally well formed, and although the exact relationship of its bones to those of tetrapods is unclear, they are usually given similar names for convenience. Other elements of the skull, however, may be reduced; there is little cheek region behind the enlarged orbits, and little, if any bone in between them. The upper jaw is often formed largely from the
328:
1616:
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1404:
studies show that women's skulls are slightly thicker and thus men may be more susceptible to head injury than women. However, other studies shows that men's skulls are slightly thicker in certain areas. Some studies show that females are more susceptible to concussion than males. Men's skulls have also been shown to maintain density with age, which may aid in preventing head injury, while women's skull density slightly decreases with age.
808:
320:
56:
1076:. The posterior fontanelle usually closes by eight weeks, but the anterior fontanel can remain open up to eighteen months. The anterior fontanelle is located at the junction of the frontal and parietal bones; it is a "soft spot" on a baby's forehead. Careful observation will show that you can count a baby's heart rate by observing the pulse pulsing softly through the anterior fontanelle.
1601:
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643:
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347:
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1044:. There are six fontanelles: one anterior (or frontal), one posterior (or occipital), two sphenoid (or anterolateral), and two mastoid (or posterolateral). At birth, these regions are fibrous and moveable, necessary for birth and later growth. This growth can put a large amount of tension on the "obstetrical hinge", which is where the
956:
typically have greatly reduced skulls, with many of the bones either absent or wholly or partly replaced by cartilage. In mammals and birds, in particular, modifications of the skull occurred to allow for the expansion of the brain. The fusion between the various bones is especially notable in birds,
1110:
in an infant skull prematurely fuses, and changes the growth pattern of the skull. Because the skull cannot expand perpendicular to the fused suture, it grows more in the parallel direction. Sometimes the resulting growth pattern provides the necessary space for the growing brain, but results in an
932:
skull, as in reptiles, with a prelacrimal fossa (present in some reptiles). The skull has a single occipital condyle. The skull consists of five major bones: the frontal (top of head), parietal (back of head), premaxillary and nasal (top beak), and the mandible (bottom beak). The skull of a normal
1403:
Research has shown that while in early life there is little difference between male and female skulls, in adulthood male skulls tend to be larger and more robust than female skulls, which are lighter and smaller, with a cranial capacity about 10 percent less than that of the male. However, later
1138:
Injuries to the brain can be life-threatening. Normally the skull protects the brain from damage through its high resistance to deformation; the skull is one of the least deformable structures found in nature, needing the force of about 1 ton to reduce its diameter by 1 cm. In some cases of
1174:
hole in the cranium. Examination of skulls from this period reveals that the patients sometimes survived for many years afterward. It seems likely that trepanning was also performed purely for ritualistic or religious reasons. Nowadays this procedure is still used but is normally called a
6193:
3013:
Schulte-Geers, Christina; Obert, Martin; Schilling, René L.; Harth, Sebastian; Traupe, Horst; Gizewski, Elke R.; Verhoff, Marcel A. (2011). "Age and gender-dependent bone density changes of the human skull disclosed by high-resolution flat-panel computed tomography".
1274:
is a largely historical practice of some cultures. Cords and wooden boards would be used to apply pressure to an infant's skull and alter its shape, sometimes quite significantly. This procedure would begin just after birth and would be carried on for several years.
563:
776:, such as sharks and rays, have also simple, and presumably primitive, skull structures. The cranium is a single structure forming a case around the brain, enclosing the lower surface and the sides, but always at least partially open at the top as a large
770:, in which the cranium is normally represented by a trough-like basket of cartilaginous elements only partially enclosing the brain, and associated with the capsules for the inner ears and the single nostril. Distinctively, these fish have no jaws.
1582:
1243:, these reconstructive surgical procedures that can alter sexually dimorphic facial features to bring them closer in shape and size to facial features of the desired sex. These procedures can be an important part of the treatment of
933:
bird usually weighs about 1% of the bird's total bodyweight. The eye occupies a considerable amount of the skull and is surrounded by a sclerotic eye-ring, a ring of tiny bones. This characteristic is also seen in reptiles.
1451:
is the ratio of the width of the head, multiplied by 100 and divided by its length (front to back). The index is also used to categorize animals, especially dogs and cats. The width is usually measured just below the
905:
with the occipital bone and parts of the sphenoid in mammals. Finally, the lower jaw is composed of multiple bones, only the most anterior of which (the dentary) is homologous with the mammalian mandible.
893:. The various separate bones that compose the temporal bone of humans are also part of the skull roof series. A further plate composed of four pairs of bones forms the roof of the mouth; these include the
1151:. In these cases, the raised intracranial pressure can cause herniation of the brain out of the foramen magnum ("coning") because there is no space for the brain to expand; this can result in significant
2627:
Li, Haiyan; Ruan, Jesse; Xie, Zhonghua; Wang, Hao; Liu, Wengling (2007). "Investigation of the critical geometric characteristics of living human skulls utilising medical image analysis techniques".
1122:
is a phenomenon wherein intense intracranial pressure disfigures the internal surface of the skull. The name comes from the fact that the inner skull has the appearance of having been beaten with a
1642:
1111:
abnormal head shape and abnormal facial features. In cases in which the compensation does not effectively provide enough space for the growing brain, craniosynostosis results in increased
1317:, which attempted to show that specific features of the skull are associated with certain personality traits or intellectual capabilities of its owner. His theory is now considered to be
5142:
1028:
At birth, the human skull is made up of 44 separate bony elements. During development, many of these bony elements gradually fuse together into solid bone (for example, the
5358:
3108:
Principi di storia della patologia umana: corso di storia della medicina per gli studenti della FacoltĂ di medicina e chirurgia e della FacoltĂ di scienze infermieristiche
2237:
Gault, David T.; Renier, Dominique; Marchac, Daniel; Jones, Barry M. (September 1992). "Intracranial
Pressure and Intracranial Volume in Children with Craniosynostosis".
1306:
can use traits, such as the proportions of length, height and width, to know the relationships of the population of the study with other living or extinct populations.
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3235:
837:
is not fully formed, and consists of multiple, somewhat irregularly shaped bones with no direct relationship to those of tetrapods. The upper jaw is formed from the
2358:
586:. Their known functions are the lessening of the weight of the skull, the aiding of resonance to the voice and the warming and moistening of the air drawn into the
2430:
Ainsworth, Tiffiny A.; Spiegel, Jeffrey H. (2010). "Quality of life of individuals with and without facial feminization surgery or gender reassignment surgery".
2192:
Slater, Bethany J.; Lenton, Kelly A.; Kwan, Matthew D.; Gupta, Deepak M.; Wan, Derrick C.; Longaker, Michael T. (April 2008). "Cranial
Sutures: A Brief Review".
112:
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1192:. About 9 months later, the first complete cranium replacement with a 3D-printed plastic insert was performed on a Dutch woman. She had been suffering from
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The human skull is generally considered to consist of 22 bonesâeight cranial bones and fourteen facial skeleton bones. In the neurocranium these are the
2094:
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use quantitative and qualitative traits to estimate what the bearer of the skull looked like. When a significant amount of bones are found, such as at
227:
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2519:
712:
is a skull bone that found in most of the reptiles, amphibians and birds. In mammals, the jugal is often called the zygomatic bone or malar bone.
5351:
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3478:
5128:
4757:
4737:
3148:
3115:
2761:
Adeloye, Adelola; Kattan, Kenneth R.; Silverman, Frederic N. (July 1975). "Thickness of the normal skull in the
American blacks and whites".
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1728:
2602:
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901:. The base of the cranium is formed from a ring of bones surrounding the foramen magnum and a median bone lying further forward; these are
550:
Some of these bonesâthe occipital, parietal, frontal, in the neurocranium, and the nasal, lacrimal, and vomer, in the facial skeleton are
6213:
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4285:
3185:
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1592:
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must be watched extremely carefully. Repeated concussions can activate the structure of skull bones as the brain's protective covering.
547:, the malleus, incus, and stapes, but the overall general consensus of the number of bones in the human skull is the stated twenty-two.
2677:"Human cranial vault thickness in a contemporary sample of 1097 autopsy cases: relation to body weight, stature, age, sex and ancestry"
4848:
4084:
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2239:
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Although the skulls of fossil lobe-finned fish resemble those of the early tetrapods, the same cannot be said of those of the living
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826:, with the maxilla itself located further back, and an additional bone, the symplectic, linking the jaw to the rest of the cranium.
909:
In living tetrapods, a great many of the original bones have either disappeared or fused into one another in various arrangements.
2285:
1439:
than those of females. Male mandibles typically have squarer chins and thicker, rougher muscle attachments than female mandibles.
1360:
Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
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152:. The skull is composed of three types of bone: cranial bones, facial bones, and ear ossicles. Two parts are more prominent: the
3601:
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1182:
In March 2013, for the first time in the U.S., researchers replaced a large percentage of a patient's skull with a precision,
1001:) are largely formed by endochondral ossification. Thus frontal and parietal bones are purely membranous. The geometry of the
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1556:, a practice in which a hole is created in the skull, has been described as the oldest surgical procedure for which there is
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260:). The human skull fully develops two years after birth. The junctions of the skull bones are joined by structures called
107:
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1354:
1115:
leading possibly to visual impairment, sleeping impairment, eating difficulties, or an impairment of mental development.
1056:. As growth and ossification progress, the connective tissue of the fontanelles is invaded and replaced by bone creating
804:
for the cranial nerves. The jaws consist of separate hoops of cartilage, almost always distinct from the cranium proper.
196:
structures such as the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth. In humans, these sensory structures are part of the facial skeleton.
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535:. Some sources count a paired bone as one, or the maxilla as having two bones (as its parts); some sources include the
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formed by intramembranous ossification, though the temporal bones are formed by endochondral ossification. The
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24:
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WPATH Clarification on
Medical Necessity of Treatment, Sex Reassignment, and Insurance Coverage in the U.S.A.
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2919:"Current Issues in the Identification, Assessment, and Management of Concussions in Sports-Related Injuries"
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refers to the ratio between the height of the head multiplied by 100 and divided by the length of the head.
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organs. Behind these are the orbits, and then an additional pair of capsules enclosing the structure of the
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119:
20:
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Standards of Care for the Health of
Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender Nonconforming People, Version 7.
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is large in proportion to other parts of the body. The facial skeleton is one seventh of the size of the
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354:
792:. Finally, the skull tapers towards the rear, where the foramen magnum lies immediately above a single
2964:
Lillie, Elizabeth M.; Urban, Jillian E.; Lynch, Sarah K.; Weaver, Ashley A.; Stitzel, Joel D. (2016).
2675:
De Boer, H. H. (Hans); Van der Merwe, A. E. (Lida); Soerdjbalie-Maikoe, V. (Vidija) (September 2016).
199:
Functions of the skull include protection of the brain, fixing the distance between the eyes to allow
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2135:. Vol. 3: HeadâNeck Brain (Sixth ed.). CBS Publishers & Distributors. pp. 29â30.
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or death unless an urgent operation is performed to relieve the pressure. This is why patients with
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bones, comprising the bones of the facial skeleton and the sides and roof of the neurocranium, are
666:
458:
200:
184:) that includes the mandible as its largest bone. The skull forms the anterior-most portion of the
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1933:
Mansour, Salah; Magnan, Jacques; Ahmad, Hassan Haidar; Nicolas, Karen; Louryan, Stéphane (2019).
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1400:. These cranial measurements were also used to draw a connection between women and black people.
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902:
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permitting some flexibility. Sometimes there can be extra bone pieces within the suture known as
204:
3198:
Bird skull database with very large collection of skulls (Agricultural
University of Wageningen)
2966:"Evaluation of Skull Cortical Thickness Changes With Age and Sex From Computed Tomography Scans"
2918:
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found it crucial to distinguish between male and female skulls. An anthropologist of the time,
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2811:"Frontal Bone is Thicker in Women and Frontal Sinus is Larger in Men: A Morphometric Analysis"
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211:(mammals with hooves), the skull also has a defensive function by providing the mount (on the
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2822:
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2706:
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2563:
Fee, Elizabeth (Fall 1979). "Nineteenth-Century
Craniology: The Study of the Female Skull".
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Knowledge (XXG) articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
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Like the face, the skull and teeth can also indicate a person's life history and origin.
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evidence, found in the forms of cave paintings and human remains. At one burial site in
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528:
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193:
145:
2868:"Thickness of the human cranial diploe in relation to age, sex and general body build"
2322:
1960:
Dechow, Paul C.; Wang, Qian (January 2017). "Evolution of the Jugal/Zygomatic Bones".
1052:
of the occipital bone meet. A possible complication of this tension is rupture of the
19:
This article is about the skulls of all animals including humans. For other uses, see
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1849:
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780:. The most anterior part of the cranium includes a forward plate of cartilage, the
767:
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497:
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309:
212:
177:
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55:
2826:
2095:"Clinical anatomy of the human anterior cranial fossa during the prenatal period"
1907:
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is a bone that separates the lacrimal and frontal bones in many tetrapod skulls.
100:
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5702:
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name="Men May Be More
Susceptible To Head Injury Than Women, Study Suggests">
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Shams, Mohammad Ghasem; Motamedi, Mohammad Hosein
Kalantar (9 January 2009).
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only poss a cartilaginous endocranium, with both the upper jaw and the lower
5929:
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3420:
3208:
Human Skulls / Anthropological Skulls / Comparison of Skulls of Vertebrates
3158:
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1738:
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846:
812:
800:. There are, in addition, at various points throughout the cranium, smaller
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339:
Anatomy of a flat bone â the periosteum of the neurocranium is known as the
268:
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1822:
White, Tim D.; Black, Michael T.; Folkens, Pieter Arend (21 January 2011).
1753:
965:
735:
The skull of fish is formed from a series of only loosely connected bones.
382:. Like the skulls of other vertebrates, it protects the brain from injury.
2809:
EkĆi, Murat Ćakir; GĂŒdĂŒk, Mustafa; Usseli, Murat Imre (19 November 2020).
2782:
2753:
2260:
2165:
2133:
BD Chaurasia's Human Anatomy: Regional and Applied Dissection and Clinical
1881:
1021:
changes rapidly. The anterior cranial fossa changes especially during the
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of the direction and distance of sounds. In some animals, such as horned
185:
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South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Geneeskunde
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2650:"Men May Be More Susceptible To Head Injury Than Women, Study Suggests"
1606:
1196:, which increased the thickness of her skull and compressed her brain.
1186:
1080:
929:
736:
727:
520:
424:
The sutures are fairly rigid joints between bones of the neurocranium.
288:
2982:
2965:
6090:
6085:
6020:
6015:
5961:
5897:
5845:
5764:
5654:
5642:
5597:
5556:
5551:
5493:
5418:
5284:
5279:
5197:
3687:
1973:
1743:
1561:
1424:
760:
441:
Except for the mandible, all of the bones of the skull are joined by
2381:"Dutch hospital gives patient new plastic skull, made by 3D printer"
593:
The foramina are openings in the skull. The largest of these is the
125:
2307:
Holbourn, A. H. S. (9 October 1943). "Mechanics of Head Injuries".
2026:. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 216â247.
1994:. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 173â177.
1025:
of pregnancy and skull defects can often develop during this time.
6100:
6095:
5980:
5707:
5614:
5515:
5473:
5412:
5192:
5059:
3521:
1258:
1208:
964:
940:
916:
894:
873:
is formed of a series of plate-like bones, including the maxilla,
842:
806:
740:
726:
709:
641:
602:
561:
508:
450:
353:
345:
334:
326:
318:
236:
173:
149:
64:
957:
in which the individual structures may be difficult to identify.
845:
alone, all of which bear teeth. Much of the skull is formed from
5867:
5602:
5478:
5396:
4891:
925:
436:
427:
The facial skeleton is formed by the bones supporting the face.
375:
141:
5340:
5124:
4507:
3460:
3217:
3059:"Sex Determination of Human Mandible Using Metrical Parameters"
1423:
and narrower jaws. Male skulls on average have larger, broader
973:
The skull is a complex structure; its bones are formed both by
5902:
5719:
5483:
4895:
1334:
744:
731:
Fish head parts, 1889, Fauna of British India, Sir Francis Day
2866:
Lynnerup, Niels; Astrup, Jacob G.; Sejrsen, Birgitte (2005).
255:
249:
3195:
2351:"3D-Printed Polymer Skull Implant Used For First Time in US"
2093:
Derkowski, Wojciech; KÄdzia, Alicja; Glonek, MichaĆ (2003).
1211:, there are "tiny channels" in the skull through which the
2126:
2124:
2047:
Wing, Leonard W. (1956). "The Place of Birds in Nature".
889:, corresponding to the cartilaginous skull in sharks and
2728:
Ross, M. D.; Lee, K. A.; Castle, W. M. (10 April 1976).
1544:, a membrane that lines the outer surface of the cranium
597:, of the occipital bone, that allows the passage of the
2791:"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences"
2535:
World Professional Association for Transgender Health.
2515:
World Professional Association for Transgender Health.
2404:"Newly discovered skull channels play role in immunity"
417:(skullcap). The membranous viscerocranium includes the
6161:
747:
being separate elements. Bony fishes have additional
469:. Most commonly these are found in the course of the
1936:
Comprehensive and Clinical Anatomy of the Middle Ear
6116:
6039:
6001:
5878:
5821:
5780:
5745:
5686:
5623:
5583:
5574:
5542:
5514:
5387:
5378:
5293:
5270:
5156:
5075:
5018:
4956:
4880:
4871:
4841:
4801:
4780:
4771:
4728:
4703:
4642:
4555:
4546:
4462:
4410:
4377:
4368:
4343:
4284:
4256:
4201:
4114:
4105:
4083:
3985:
3932:
3894:
3885:
3843:
3759:
3750:
3707:
3675:
3652:
3600:
3507:
3498:
3413:
3278:
3255:
2022:Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977).
1990:Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Thomas S., Parsons (1977).
1106:is a condition in which one or more of the fibrous
106:
94:
89:
77:
72:
48:
1725:, the abnormal flattening of one side of the skull
1170:was sometimes performed. This involved drilling a
3143:. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society.
993:, the bones supporting the brain (the occipital,
16:Bony structure that forms the head in vertebrates
1207:(NIH), suggested that instead of travelling via
1199:A study conducted in 2018 by the researchers of
397:, and the facial skeleton. The neurocranium (or
385:The skull consists of three parts, of different
203:, and fixing the position of the ears to enable
4075:in petrous part, but not part of temporal bone)
2917:McKeever, Catherine K.; Schatz, Philip (2003).
2187:
2185:
2183:
2156:Silva, Sandra; Jeanty, Philippe (7 June 1999).
1235:skull features may be carried out as a part of
230:
1528:, a primitive cartilaginous skeletal structure
5352:
5136:
4519:
3472:
3229:
8:
3139:Restak, Richard (2000). "Fixing the Brain".
2337:"Repeated Concussions Can Thicken the Skull"
2072:(Second ed.). Mosby. pp. 166â170.
2070:Human Embryology & Developmental Biology
1130:. The condition is most common in children.
1036:are initially separated by regions of dense
3063:Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
308:For details and the constituent bones, see
240:
5580:
5384:
5359:
5345:
5337:
5143:
5129:
5121:
4877:
4777:
4552:
4526:
4512:
4504:
4374:
4111:
3891:
3756:
3504:
3479:
3465:
3457:
3236:
3222:
3214:
2730:"Skull thickness of Black and White races"
1087:. (In the adult it is half the size). The
267:The skull is made up of a number of fused
54:
3082:
2981:
2893:
2883:
2763:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
2710:
2692:
2492:
1376:Learn how and when to remove this message
1263:Adam was believed to have been buried on
291:, there are openings in the skull called
37:"đ" redirects here. For the symbol, see
1912:. The Princeton Review. pp. 22â25.
1654:, an extinct genus transitional between
1407:Male skulls can all have more prominent
1313:in around 1800 formulated the theory of
849:, and its overall structure is reduced.
405:that surrounds and houses the brain and
6168:
3057:G., V.; Gowri s.r., M.; J., A. (2013).
3016:International Journal of Legal Medicine
2681:International Journal of Legal Medicine
2629:International Journal of Vehicle Safety
2477:"Case report: Feminizing the male face"
1790:
1578:
1419:. Female skulls generally have rounder
969:Skull of a new-born child from the side
2361:from the original on 28 September 2013
2158:"Cloverleaf skull or kleeblattschadel"
1882:"Definition of skull | Dictionary.com"
1811:from the original on 17 February 2015.
1771:This article incorporates text in the
1223:after an injury to the brain tissues.
763:fish. The lower jaw defines the chin.
686:, an opening between two parts of the
123:
45:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2053:. The Ronald Press Company. pp.
1985:
1983:
1729:Skull and crossbones (disambiguation)
945:Amphibians' skulls, Hans Gadow, 1909
885:, among others. It is overlaying the
366:is the bone structure that forms the
7:
2970:Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1568:skulls found had trepanation holes.
374:. It supports the structures of the
180:(braincase) and the viscerocranium (
2815:The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
2566:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
2391:from the original on 28 March 2014.
1593:Cleveland Museum of Natural History
157:
2605:from the original on 31 March 2014
2288:from the original on 25 April 2018
2240:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
2208:10.1097/01.prs.0000304441.99483.97
2195:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
766:The simpler structure is found in
751:, forming a more or less coherent
14:
3355:Petrous part of the temporal bone
2662:from the original on 7 March 2012
1564:dated to 6500 BCE, 40 out of 120
1267:. Silk embroidery (17th century).
861:closely resembled those of their
6171:
2253:10.1097/00006534-199209000-00003
1765:
1663:
1641:
1629:
1614:
1599:
1581:
1339:
1166:times, a skull operation called
1091:is short and narrow, though the
192:âhousing the brain, and several
3580:Internal occipital protuberance
3526:External occipital protuberance
2593:"5d. The Interior of the Skull"
2402:Cohut, Maria (29 August 2018).
1862:from the original on 2 May 2016
1388:In the mid-nineteenth century,
1143:, however, there can be raised
1060:. The five sutures are the two
574:, air-filled cavities known as
1828:. Academic Press. p. 51.
1272:Artificial cranial deformation
1241:facial masculinization surgery
796:, articulating with the first
784:, and capsules to enclose the
566:CT scan of a human skull in 3D
1:
2323:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)87453-X
1205:National Institutes of Health
1147:through mechanisms such as a
662:) are openings in the skull.
582:. The sinuses are lined with
5151:Compound structures of skull
2827:10.1097/SCS.0000000000007256
2164:. MacroMedia. Archived from
256:
5463:
4145:Posterior clinoid processes
3590:Groove for transverse sinus
3180:California State University
3075:10.7860/JCDR/2013/7621.3728
1779:of the 20th edition of
1237:facial feminization surgery
1126:, such as is often used by
857:The skulls of the earliest
378:and forms a cavity for the
6235:
6214:Bones of the head and neck
2068:Carlson, Bruce M. (1999).
1906:Alcamo, I. Edward (2003).
1804:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
1687:
1456:, and the length from the
1328:
434:
350:Human skull from the front
331:Human head skull from side
307:
283:, and several cavities or
250:
176:, these two parts are the
36:
29:
18:
4920:Mandibular incisive canal
3190:GateWay Community College
3110:(in Italian). Rome: SEU.
3028:10.1007/s00414-010-0544-3
2935:10.1207/S15324826AN1001_2
2694:10.1007/s00414-016-1324-5
2522:30 September 2011 at the
2446:10.1007/s11136-010-9668-7
2131:Chaurasia, B. D. (2013).
1909:Anatomy Coloring Workbook
1825:Human Osteology (3rd ed.)
1427:, squarer orbits, larger
979:endochondral ossification
621:of the skull include the
409:. The upper areas of the
226:is probably derived from
118:
53:
5321:pterygomaxillary fissure
5088:Posterior lacrimal crest
4271:Anterior clinoid process
4266:Superior orbital fissure
4012:Internal auditory meatus
3858:Fossa for lacrimal gland
3585:Internal occipital crest
3536:External occipital crest
3182:Department of Anthology)
2872:Head & Face Medicine
2641:10.1504/IJVS.2007.016747
2433:Quality of Life Research
2050:Natural History of Birds
1850:"Cephalization: Biology"
1460:to the occipital point.
1019:posterior cranial fossae
570:The skull also contains
30:Not to be confused with
25:Cranium (disambiguation)
4663:Anterior lacrimal crest
4248:Sulcus of auditory tube
3265:Pterygospinous ligament
3186:Skull Anatomy Tutorial.
3106:Capasso, Luigi (2002).
2923:Applied Neuropsychology
2775:10.1002/ajpa.1330430105
1939:. Springer. p. 2.
1855:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1348:Some of this section's
1231:Surgical alteration of
401:) forms the protective
231:
5811:Lymphoid immune system
5380:Musculoskeletal system
4827:Sphenopalatine foramen
4823:Greater palatine canal
4634:Greater palatine canal
4162:Middle clinoid process
3380:palatomaxillary suture
3294:frontoethmoidal suture
2885:10.1186/1746-160X-1-13
1690:anatomical terminology
1268:
1227:Transgender procedures
1201:Harvard Medical School
1134:Injuries and treatment
1095:is almost adult size.
970:
949:
922:
815:
732:
647:
584:respiratory epithelium
567:
513:inferior nasal conchae
359:
351:
343:
332:
324:
241:
120:Anatomical terminology
21:Skull (disambiguation)
5799:Myeloid immune system
5585:Cardiovascular system
5326:pterygopalatine fossa
5043:Inferior nasal concha
4900:Mandibular prominence
4813:Posterior nasal spine
4788:Pterygopalatine fossa
4439:Superior nasal concha
3919:Petrotympanic fissure
3196:Bird Skull Collection
3141:Mysteries of the Mind
2276:"Copper beaten skull"
2117:on 24 September 2011.
1962:The Anatomical Record
1713:Human skull symbolism
1708:Head and neck anatomy
1509:â medium high-skulled
1309:The German physician
1262:
1203:in Boston, funded by
1145:intracranial pressure
1113:intracranial pressure
1099:Clinical significance
968:
947:Amphibia and Reptiles
944:
920:
810:
730:
684:Subsquamosal fenestra
658:(from Latin, meaning
645:
565:
558:Cavities and foramina
357:
349:
338:
330:
322:
6151:Islets of Langerhans
6011:Genitourinary system
5747:Integumentary system
4904:Mandibular symphysis
4694:Anterior nasal spine
4607:Maxillary tuberosity
4591:Anterior nasal spine
4581:Infraorbital foramen
4434:Supreme nasal concha
4066:Petrosquamous suture
4022:Stylomastoid foramen
3909:Suprameatal triangle
3801:Supraorbital foramen
2543:3 March 2012 at the
1394:James McGrigor Allan
1032:). The bones of the
523:, the mandible, two
271:, and contains many
188:and is a product of
39:Skull and crossbones
6219:Human head and neck
6041:Reproductive system
5760:Subcutaneous tissue
5529:Cartilaginous joint
5316:infratemporal fossa
4942:Submandibular fovea
4912:Mental protuberance
4819:Perpendicular plate
4618:Infraorbital groove
4449:Middle nasal concha
4402:Perpendicular plate
4243:Infratemporal crest
3784:Superciliary arches
3662:Pharyngeal tubercle
3270:Stylohyoid ligament
2658:. 22 January 2008.
2339:. 2 September 2022.
2168:on 13 February 2008
2024:The Vertebrate Body
1992:The Vertebrate Body
1658:and early tetrapods
1409:supraorbital ridges
1255:Society and culture
1219:reach the areas of
1120:copper beaten skull
1054:great cerebral vein
667:Antorbital fenestra
627:zygomatic processes
358:Side bones of skull
201:stereoscopic vision
6204:Vertebrate anatomy
5823:Respiratory system
5576:Circulatory system
4981:Mandibular foramen
4752:Zygomaticotemporal
4742:Zygomatico-orbital
4686:Foramina of Scarpa
4623:Infraorbital canal
4477:ethmoidal foramina
4395:Olfactory foramina
4356:Sphenoidal conchae
4193:Sphenoidal sinuses
4185:Sphenoidal lingula
3904:Articular tubercle
3575:Cruciform eminence
3398:with temporal bone
3393:with sphenoid bone
3342:with parietal bone
3210:(PDF; 502 kB)
2409:Medical News Today
2099:Folia Morphologica
1886:www.dictionary.com
1749:Overmodelled skull
1688:This article uses
1437:occipital condyles
1269:
1233:sexually dimorphic
1215:combined with the
1149:subdural haematoma
971:
950:
923:
867:lobe-finned fishes
816:
774:Cartilaginous fish
733:
648:
568:
360:
352:
344:
333:
325:
205:sound localisation
6159:
6158:
5682:
5681:
5672:Glymphatic system
5570:
5569:
5334:
5333:
5118:
5117:
5053:Maxillary process
5048:Ethmoidal process
5031:Internasal suture
5014:
5013:
5001:Condyloid process
4867:
4866:
4724:
4723:
4650:Zygomatic process
4501:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4364:
4363:
4190:Anterior surface:
4157:Chiasmatic groove
4140:Hypophysial fossa
4135:Tuberculum sellae
4122:Superior surface:
4101:
4100:
4093:Suprameatal spine
4049:Inferior tympanic
4017:Cochlear aqueduct
3924:Zygomatic process
3881:
3880:
3818:Zygomatic process
3717:Parietal eminence
3703:
3702:
3627:Hypoglossal canal
3454:
3453:
3426:Periodontal fiber
3403:with frontal bone
3388:zygomatic process
3337:with frontal bone
3150:978-0-7922-7941-9
3117:978-88-87753-65-3
3069:(12): 2671â2673.
2983:10.1002/jbmr.2613
2795:www.msjonline.org
2387:. 26 March 2014.
2274:Gaillard, Frank.
2142:978-81-239-2332-1
1572:Additional images
1454:parietal eminence
1429:mastoid processes
1386:
1385:
1378:
1331:Sexual dimorphism
1325:Sexual dimorphism
1311:Franz Joseph Gall
1089:base of the skull
1079:The skull in the
1038:connective tissue
1034:roof of the skull
701:
700:
694:Temporal fenestra
633:Other vertebrates
576:paranasal sinuses
503:The bones of the
222:The English word
134:
133:
129:
6226:
6176:
6175:
6167:
6118:Endocrine system
5880:Digestive system
5625:Lymphatic system
5608:Lymphatic vessel
5581:
5385:
5361:
5354:
5347:
5338:
5145:
5138:
5131:
5122:
5110:Retromolar space
5098:Lacrimal hamulus
4996:Mandibular notch
4991:Coronoid process
4969:Mandibular canal
4964:Mylohyoid groove
4938:Sublingual fovea
4926:internal surface
4888:external surface
4878:
4809:Horizontal plate
4778:
4762:Zygomaticofacial
4748:Temporal process
4678:Incisive foramen
4674:Palatine process
4669:Alveolar process
4553:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4505:
4426:Uncinate process
4385:Cribriform plate
4375:
4313:pterygoid plates
4177:Lateral surface:
4167:Petrosal process
4112:
4032:Subarcuate fossa
3962:Occipital groove
3914:Mandibular fossa
3892:
3873:Frontonasal duct
3774:Frontal eminence
3757:
3727:Parietal foramen
3642:Jugular tubercle
3546:Suprainiac fossa
3505:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3458:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3215:
3202:Human skull base
3163:
3162:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3086:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3010:
3004:
3003:
2985:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2897:
2887:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2821:(5): 1683â1684.
2805:
2803:
2801:
2786:
2757:
2724:
2714:
2696:
2687:(5): 1371â1377.
2671:
2669:
2667:
2644:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2560:
2549:
2533:
2527:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2496:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2357:. 7 March 2013.
2347:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2317:(6267): 438â41.
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2189:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2113:. Archived from
2090:
2084:
2083:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2019:
2006:
2005:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1974:10.1002/ar.23519
1957:
1951:
1950:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1795:
1769:
1768:
1667:
1656:lobe-finned fish
1645:
1633:
1618:
1603:
1589:African elephant
1585:
1381:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1361:
1343:
1335:
1319:pseudoscientific
1249:gender dysphoria
1124:ball-peen hammer
1104:Craniosynostosis
1062:squamous sutures
650:
649:
646:Chimpanzee skull
459:Sharpey's fibres
259:
253:
252:
244:
234:
159:
126:edit on Wikidata
61:Volume rendering
58:
46:
6234:
6233:
6229:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6224:
6223:
6184:
6183:
6182:
6170:
6162:
6160:
6155:
6112:
6074:Seminal vesicle
6035:
5997:
5947:Small intestine
5874:
5817:
5776:
5741:
5678:
5619:
5566:
5544:Muscular system
5538:
5510:
5389:Skeletal system
5374:
5365:
5335:
5330:
5289:
5272:Facial skeleton
5266:
5152:
5149:
5119:
5114:
5093:Lacrimal groove
5071:
5010:
5006:Pterygoid fovea
4952:
4908:Lingual foramen
4863:
4837:
4797:
4793:Pterygoid fossa
4767:
4758:Lateral process
4738:Orbital process
4720:
4716:Maxillary sinus
4711:Body of maxilla
4699:
4682:Incisive canals
4655:Frontal process
4638:
4602:Alveolar canals
4542:
4536:facial skeleton
4532:
4502:
4493:
4458:
4444:Superior meatus
4418:Lateral surface
4406:
4360:
4339:
4330:Pterygoid canal
4287:
4280:
4252:
4197:
4152:Ethmoidal spine
4097:
4079:
4061:Styloid process
3981:
3947:Mastoid process
3942:Mastoid foramen
3928:
3877:
3863:Trochlear fovea
3853:Ethmoidal notch
3839:
3828:Sagittal sulcus
3746:
3732:Sagittal sulcus
3699:
3671:
3648:
3637:Jugular process
3615:Condyloid fossa
3596:
3494:
3485:
3455:
3450:
3436:Dental alveolus
3409:
3347:sphenosquamosal
3332:sphenoethmoidal
3311:occipitomastoid
3274:
3251:
3242:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3151:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3118:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3012:
3011:
3007:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2808:
2799:
2797:
2789:
2760:
2740:(16): 635â638.
2727:
2674:
2665:
2663:
2648:
2626:
2623:Other Sources:
2622:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2562:
2561:
2552:
2545:Wayback Machine
2534:
2530:
2524:Wayback Machine
2514:
2510:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2414:
2412:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2364:
2362:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2191:
2190:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2130:
2129:
2122:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2021:
2020:
2009:
2002:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1836:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1766:
1763:
1758:
1693:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1668:
1659:
1646:
1637:
1634:
1625:
1619:
1610:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1574:
1551:
1522:
1496:Humans may be:
1476:â medium-headed
1468:Dolichocephalic
1463:Humans may be:
1445:
1390:anthropologists
1382:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1344:
1333:
1327:
1287:scientists and
1281:
1257:
1229:
1162:Dating back to
1136:
1101:
1074:sagittal suture
1023:first trimester
975:intramembranous
963:
939:
915:
855:
820:ray-finned fish
725:
717:prefrontal bone
706:
690:in some rodents
640:
635:
623:mastoid process
615:
578:, and numerous
560:
529:zygomatic bones
505:facial skeleton
471:lambdoid suture
453:formed by bony
439:
433:
317:
314:Facial skeleton
306:
301:
245:comes from the
182:facial skeleton
130:
84:Skeletal system
68:
42:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6232:
6230:
6222:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6186:
6185:
6181:
6180:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6122:
6120:
6114:
6113:
6111:
6110:
6109:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6078:
6077:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6045:
6043:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6007:
6005:
6003:Urinary system
5999:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5994:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5971:
5970:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5939:
5938:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5925:Laryngopharynx
5922:
5912:
5911:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5893:Salivary gland
5884:
5882:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5872:
5871:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5850:
5849:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5827:
5825:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5813:
5803:
5802:
5801:
5790:
5788:
5786:immune systems
5782:Haematopoietic
5778:
5777:
5775:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5762:
5757:
5751:
5749:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5734:
5732:Somatic system
5729:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5715:Sensory system
5712:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5692:
5690:
5688:Nervous system
5684:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5675:
5674:
5667:CNS equivalent
5664:
5663:
5662:
5657:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5629:
5627:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5617:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5589:
5587:
5578:
5572:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5548:
5546:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5536:
5534:Synovial joint
5531:
5526:
5520:
5518:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5410:
5404:
5393:
5391:
5382:
5376:
5375:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5356:
5349:
5341:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5311:temporal fossa
5308:
5306:zygomatic arch
5303:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5282:
5276:
5274:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5237:
5232:
5230:cranial cavity
5227:
5226:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5162:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5140:
5133:
5125:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5079:
5077:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5057:
5056:
5055:
5050:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5036:Nasal foramina
5033:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4977:
4976:
4971:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4948:Alveolar part
4945:
4934:Mylohyoid line
4923:
4916:Mental foramen
4884:
4882:
4875:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4845:
4843:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4816:
4805:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4795:
4790:
4784:
4782:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4755:
4745:
4734:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4671:
4666:
4652:
4646:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4571:Incisive fossa
4559:
4557:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4508:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4474:
4468:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:Medial surface
4428:
4423:
4421:Orbital lamina
4414:
4412:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4381:
4379:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4292:
4290:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4262:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4207:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4187:
4182:
4180:Carotid groove
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4118:
4116:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4089:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4008:
4007:
3997:
3991:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3972:Mastoid antrum
3969:
3967:Sigmoid sulcus
3964:
3959:
3954:
3944:
3938:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3820:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3776:
3771:
3769:Frontal suture
3765:
3763:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3742:Sagittal crest
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3713:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3683:Foramen magnum
3679:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3629:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3620:Condylar canal
3617:
3606:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3513:
3511:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3461:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3386:Involving the
3383:
3382:
3374:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3360:sphenopetrosal
3353:Involving the
3351:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3325:Involving the
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3304:coronal suture
3301:
3299:frontal suture
3296:
3287:Involving the
3284:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3261:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3245:Fibrous joints
3243:
3241:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3183:
3171:
3170:External links
3168:
3165:
3164:
3149:
3131:
3116:
3098:
3049:
3022:(3): 417â425.
3005:
2976:(2): 299â307.
2956:
2909:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2806:
2787:
2758:
2725:
2672:
2645:
2616:
2598:Gray's Anatomy
2584:
2550:
2548:pg. 58 (2011).
2528:
2508:
2467:
2440:(7): 1019â24.
2422:
2394:
2372:
2342:
2328:
2299:
2266:
2229:
2202:(4): 170eâ8e.
2179:
2148:
2141:
2120:
2085:
2078:
2060:
2039:
2032:
2007:
2000:
1979:
1952:
1945:
1925:
1918:
1898:
1873:
1841:
1834:
1814:
1789:
1788:
1782:Gray's Anatomy
1762:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1669:
1662:
1660:
1647:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1628:
1626:
1620:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1598:
1596:
1587:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1558:archaeological
1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1526:Chondrocranium
1521:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1515:â high-skulled
1510:
1504:
1491:cephalic index
1484:
1483:
1482:â short-headed
1480:Brachycephalic
1477:
1474:Mesaticephalic
1471:
1449:cephalic index
1444:
1441:
1417:temporal lines
1384:
1383:
1350:listed sources
1347:
1345:
1338:
1329:Main article:
1326:
1323:
1295:in the UK and
1289:archaeologists
1280:
1277:
1256:
1253:
1228:
1225:
1135:
1132:
1100:
1097:
962:
959:
938:
935:
914:
911:
899:palatine bones
854:
851:
724:
721:
705:
702:
699:
698:
697:
696:
691:
688:squamosal bone
681:
675:
669:
639:
636:
634:
631:
614:
611:
595:foramen magnum
559:
556:
533:lacrimal bones
525:palatine bones
486:parietal bones
482:temporal bones
478:occipital bone
435:Main article:
432:
429:
403:cranial cavity
372:human skeleton
305:
302:
300:
297:
132:
131:
122:
116:
115:
110:
104:
103:
98:
92:
91:
87:
86:
81:
75:
74:
70:
69:
59:
51:
50:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6231:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6165:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6119:
6115:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6083:
6082:
6079:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6038:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6004:
6000:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5986:Biliary tract
5984:
5982:
5979:
5978:
5977:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5943:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5916:
5913:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5881:
5877:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5851:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5832:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5824:
5820:
5812:
5809:
5808:
5807:
5804:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5771:
5770:Mammary gland
5768:
5767:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5744:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5716:
5713:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5694:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5685:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5665:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5651:
5648:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5626:
5622:
5616:
5613:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5586:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5573:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5545:
5541:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5524:Fibrous joint
5522:
5521:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5507:
5504:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5414:
5411:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5368:Human systems
5362:
5357:
5355:
5350:
5348:
5343:
5342:
5339:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5292:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5235:Base of skull
5233:
5231:
5228:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5159:
5155:
5146:
5141:
5139:
5134:
5132:
5127:
5126:
5123:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5017:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4955:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4870:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4814:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4800:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4763:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4746:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4727:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4695:
4691:
4690:Incisive bone
4687:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4635:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4598:Infratemporal
4596:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4586:Orbital bones
4584:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4529:
4524:
4522:
4517:
4515:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4472:Ethmoid sinus
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4455:
4454:Middle meatus
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4403:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4283:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4130:Dorsum sellae
4128:
4127:
4126:
4125:Sella turcica
4123:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4085:Tympanic part
4082:
4076:
4074:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4037:Jugular fossa
4035:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3995:Carotid canal
3993:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3957:Mastoid notch
3955:
3952:
3951:Mastoid cells
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3896:Squamous part
3893:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3868:Frontal sinus
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3834:
3833:Frontal crest
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3811:Foramen cecum
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3761:Squamous part
3758:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3737:Sagittal keel
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3722:Temporal line
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3602:Lateral parts
3599:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3531:Occipital bun
3529:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3509:Squamous part
3506:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3482:
3477:
3475:
3470:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3459:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3366:
3365:petrosquamous
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3327:sphenoid bone
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3239:
3234:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3142:
3135:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3109:
3102:
3099:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3009:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2960:
2957:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2913:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2862:
2859:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2807:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2573:(3): 415â33.
2572:
2568:
2567:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2471:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2426:
2423:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2398:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2373:
2360:
2356:
2355:Medical Daily
2352:
2346:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2303:
2300:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2247:(3): 377â81.
2246:
2242:
2241:
2233:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2086:
2081:
2079:0-8151-1458-3
2075:
2071:
2064:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2043:
2040:
2035:
2033:0-03-910284-X
2029:
2025:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2003:
2001:0-03-910284-X
1997:
1993:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1946:9783030153632
1942:
1938:
1937:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1919:9780375763427
1915:
1911:
1910:
1902:
1899:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1837:
1835:9780080920856
1831:
1827:
1826:
1818:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1773:public domain
1760:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1723:Plagiocephaly
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1703:Crystal skull
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1644:
1639:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1597:
1594:
1591:skull in the
1590:
1584:
1579:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1503:â low-skulled
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1470:â long-headed
1469:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1435:, and larger
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1380:
1377:
1369:
1366:November 2022
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1266:
1265:Mount Calvary
1261:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1050:lateral parts
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
967:
960:
958:
955:
948:
943:
936:
934:
931:
927:
919:
912:
910:
907:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
852:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
827:
825:
821:
814:
809:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
769:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
729:
722:
720:
718:
713:
711:
703:
695:
692:
689:
685:
682:
679:
678:Quadratojugal
676:
673:
670:
668:
665:
664:
663:
661:
657:
652:
651:
644:
637:
632:
630:
628:
624:
620:
612:
610:
608:
607:blood vessels
604:
600:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
564:
557:
555:
553:
548:
546:
542:
539:or the three
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
507:(14) are the
506:
501:
499:
498:frontal bones
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
474:
472:
468:
467:sutural bones
464:
463:Wormian bones
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:synarthrodial
444:
438:
430:
428:
425:
422:
420:
416:
412:
411:cranial bones
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:embryological
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
356:
348:
342:
337:
329:
323:Skull in situ
321:
315:
311:
303:
298:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
265:
263:
258:
248:
243:
238:
233:
229:
225:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
197:
195:
191:
190:cephalisation
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
127:
121:
117:
114:
111:
109:
105:
102:
99:
97:
93:
88:
85:
82:
80:
76:
71:
66:
62:
57:
52:
47:
44:
40:
33:
26:
22:
5973:
5941:
5914:
5666:
5649:
5632:
5592:
5158:Neurocranium
4930:Mental spine
4925:
4887:
4575:Canine fossa
4566:
4476:
4430:
4417:
4390:Crista galli
4312:
4295:
4210:
4189:
4176:
4121:
4070:
4043:
4026:
4000:Facial canal
3987:Petrous part
3934:Mastoid part
3845:Orbital part
3822:
3795:
3778:
3654:Basilar part
3631:
3569:
3552:
3541:Nuchal lines
3516:
3488:Neurocranium
3431:Periodontium
3376:
3289:frontal bone
3176:Skull Module
3140:
3134:
3107:
3101:
3066:
3062:
3052:
3019:
3015:
3008:
2973:
2969:
2959:
2926:
2922:
2912:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2818:
2814:
2798:. Retrieved
2794:
2769:(1): 23â30.
2766:
2762:
2737:
2733:
2684:
2680:
2664:. Retrieved
2655:ScienceDaily
2653:
2632:
2628:
2619:
2607:. Retrieved
2596:
2587:
2570:
2564:
2536:
2531:
2511:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2413:. Retrieved
2407:
2397:
2385:DutchNews.nl
2384:
2375:
2365:24 September
2363:. Retrieved
2354:
2345:
2331:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2290:. Retrieved
2279:
2269:
2244:
2238:
2232:
2199:
2193:
2170:. Retrieved
2166:the original
2162:TheFetus.net
2161:
2151:
2132:
2115:the original
2105:(3): 271â3.
2102:
2098:
2088:
2069:
2063:
2049:
2042:
2023:
1991:
1968:(1): 12â15.
1965:
1961:
1955:
1935:
1928:
1908:
1901:
1889:. Retrieved
1885:
1876:
1864:. Retrieved
1853:
1844:
1824:
1817:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1770:
1764:
1718:Memento mori
1672:Centrosaurus
1670:
1649:
1552:
1512:
1506:
1501:Chamaecranic
1500:
1495:
1488:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1462:
1446:
1406:
1402:
1387:
1372:
1363:
1352:
1308:
1304:osteologists
1300:shell mounds
1293:Spitalfields
1282:
1270:
1230:
1221:inflammation
1213:immune cells
1198:
1194:hyperostosis
1181:
1171:
1161:
1153:brain damage
1137:
1128:coppersmiths
1117:
1102:
1078:
1030:frontal bone
1027:
987:dermal bones
972:
951:
946:
924:
921:Cuckoo skull
908:
865:amongst the
856:
828:
817:
772:
768:jawless fish
765:
734:
714:
707:
659:
653:
616:
592:
588:nasal cavity
569:
549:
502:
475:
466:
455:ossification
449:(immovable)
440:
426:
423:
398:
394:
391:neurocranium
384:
363:
361:
310:Neurocranium
266:
235:, while the
223:
221:
213:frontal bone
198:
178:neurocranium
165:
161:
153:
137:
135:
43:
6141:Parathyroid
5841:Nasopharynx
5703:Spinal cord
5638:Bone marrow
5407:Collar bone
5105:Prognathism
4833:Hard palate
4276:Optic canal
4258:Small wings
4203:Great wings
3257:Syndesmosis
3249:human skull
3204:(in German)
2929:(1): 4â11.
2800:18 February
2281:Radiopaedia
1891:6 September
1734:Teshik-Tash
1698:Craniometry
1566:prehistoric
1542:Pericranium
1532:Endocranium
1520:Terminology
1513:Hypsicranic
1507:Orthocranic
1443:Craniometry
1353:may not be
1247:people for
1245:transgender
1217:bone marrow
1177:craniectomy
1141:head injury
1042:fontanelles
991:endocranium
961:Development
887:endocranium
811:Skull of a
749:dermal bone
601:as well as
599:spinal cord
517:nasal bones
389:originâthe
364:human skull
341:pericranium
144:protective
90:Identifiers
6209:Flat bones
6188:Categories
5920:Oropharynx
5660:Lymph node
5593:peripheral
5439:Metatarsus
5434:Metacarpus
5413:Thigh bone
5409:(clavicle)
5255:sphenoidal
5240:Fontanelle
5188:Stephanion
5026:Nasal bone
4859:Sphenoidal
4659:Agger nasi
4044:canaliculi
3806:Brow ridge
2635:(4): 345.
2609:22 October
2310:The Lancet
2172:3 February
1761:References
1636:Goat skull
1622:King cobra
1554:Trepanning
1537:Epicranium
1398:craniology
1315:phrenology
1302:in Japan,
1184:3D-printed
1168:trepanning
1157:concussion
1072:, and one
1003:skull base
983:skull roof
954:amphibians
937:Amphibians
903:homologous
871:skull roof
839:pterygoids
835:skull roof
831:lungfishes
824:premaxilla
778:fontanelle
753:skull roof
672:Mandibular
552:flat bones
545:middle ear
537:hyoid bone
531:, and two
269:flat bones
247:Greek root
215:) for the
168:) and the
6126:Pituitary
5975:accessory
5930:Esophagus
5650:secondary
5562:Diaphragm
5506:Cartilage
5454:Phalanges
5250:posterior
5223:posterior
4849:Pyramidal
4842:Processes
4730:Zygomatic
4643:Processes
4482:Posterior
4464:Labyrinth
4301:Pterygoid
4288:processes
4286:Pterygoid
3693:Opisthion
3558:Occipital
3500:Occipital
3421:Gomphosis
3372:squamosal
2992:1523-4681
2851:227159148
2835:1536-3732
2746:0256-9574
2703:0937-9827
2415:30 August
1739:Totenkopf
1651:Tiktaalik
1648:Skull of
1431:, larger
1279:Osteology
1164:Neolithic
1093:inner ear
883:lacrimals
879:parietals
863:ancestors
859:tetrapods
853:Tetrapods
847:cartilage
813:swordfish
790:inner ear
786:olfactory
656:fenestrae
638:Fenestrae
619:processes
617:The many
613:Processes
413:form the
407:brainstem
399:braincase
299:Structure
293:fenestrae
281:processes
228:Old Norse
209:ungulates
6106:Placenta
6069:Testicle
6064:Prostate
5991:Pancreas
5952:Appendix
5942:lower GI
5915:upper GI
5863:Bronchus
5806:Lymphoid
5489:Vertebra
5444:Ossicles
5429:Mandible
5245:anterior
5213:anterior
5178:Asterion
5166:Calvaria
5083:Lacrimal
4873:Mandible
4773:Palatine
4563:Anterior
4556:Surfaces
4487:Anterior
4411:Surfaces
4306:Scaphoid
4231:Spinosum
4216:Rotundum
4211:foramina
4115:Surfaces
4107:Sphenoid
4073:ossicles
3887:Temporal
3823:internal
3796:foramina
3789:Glabella
3779:external
3709:Parietal
3570:internal
3517:external
3446:Cementum
3321:sagittal
3316:lambdoid
3159:43662032
3126:50485765
3093:24551607
3044:39294670
3036:21234583
3000:26255873
2951:33825332
2943:12734070
2904:16364185
2843:33229988
2721:26914798
2660:Archived
2603:Archived
2541:Archived
2520:Archived
2503:19198644
2454:20461468
2389:Archived
2359:Archived
2292:25 April
2286:Archived
2224:34344899
2216:18349596
2111:14507064
1866:23 April
1860:Archived
1809:Archived
1777:page 128
1684:See also
1489:vertical
1458:glabella
1413:glabella
1355:reliable
1285:Forensic
1085:calvaria
1070:lambdoid
1046:squamous
1011:anterior
1005:and its
995:sphenoid
875:frontals
802:foramina
798:vertebra
757:lungfish
737:Lampreys
680:fenestra
674:fenestra
625:and the
580:foramina
541:ossicles
490:sphenoid
419:mandible
415:calvaria
273:foramina
186:skeleton
170:mandible
162:craniums
148:for the
6178:Anatomy
6146:Adrenal
6136:Thyroid
6054:Scrotum
6031:Urethra
6026:Bladder
5935:Stomach
5858:Trachea
5794:Myeloid
5633:primary
5499:Sternum
5449:Patella
5424:Humerus
5415:(femur)
5301:dacryon
5260:mastoid
5183:Pterion
4974:Lingula
4854:Orbital
4614:Orbital
4548:Maxilla
4538:of the
4370:Ethmoid
4335:Hamulus
4318:Lateral
4226:Vesalii
4071:(note:
4054:Mastoid
3752:Frontal
3632:jugular
3610:Condyle
3490:of the
3441:Gingiva
3377:Facial:
3280:Sutures
3247:of the
3084:3919368
2895:1351187
2783:1155589
2754:1224277
2712:4976057
2526:(2008).
2494:2627308
2481:ePlasty
2261:1513883
1799:"skull"
1607:Vulture
1549:History
1433:sinuses
1425:palates
1190:implant
1187:polymer
1108:sutures
1081:neonate
1066:coronal
1058:sutures
1040:called
999:ethmoid
952:Living
930:diapsid
928:have a
794:condyle
782:rostrum
660:windows
572:sinuses
543:of the
521:maxilla
494:ethmoid
457:, with
443:sutures
395:sutures
370:in the
289:zoology
285:sinuses
262:sutures
257:kranion
251:ÎșÏÎ±ÎœÎŻÎżÎœ
242:cranium
194:sensory
154:cranium
101:D012886
73:Details
6164:Portal
6131:Pineal
6091:Vagina
6086:Uterus
6081:Female
6021:Ureter
6016:Kidney
5962:Rectum
5898:Tongue
5846:Larynx
5765:Breast
5737:Tissue
5655:Spleen
5643:Thymus
5598:Artery
5557:Tendon
5552:Muscle
5516:Joints
5494:Pelvis
5469:Tarsus
5459:Radius
5419:Fibula
5402:Carpus
5372:organs
5285:Gonion
5280:Nasion
5218:middle
5208:Fossae
5203:Lambda
5198:Bregma
5171:Diploë
4802:Plates
4781:Fossae
4567:fossae
4378:Plates
4323:Medial
4296:fossae
4172:Clivus
4027:fossae
4005:Hiatus
3976:Aditus
3688:Basion
3667:Clivus
3563:Nuchal
3553:planes
3157:
3147:
3124:
3114:
3091:
3081:
3042:
3034:
2998:
2990:
2949:
2941:
2902:
2892:
2878:: 13.
2849:
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2579:394780
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2462:601504
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2222:
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2139:
2109:
2076:
2030:
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1943:
1916:
1832:
1785:(1918)
1754:Diploë
1744:Yorick
1562:France
1421:orbits
1415:, and
1068:, one
1064:, one
1015:middle
1009:, the
1007:fossae
997:, and
981:. The
881:, and
869:. The
843:vomers
833:. The
761:holost
741:sharks
603:nerves
527:, two
519:, two
515:, two
511:, two
488:, the
484:, two
480:, two
451:joints
393:, the
304:Humans
277:fossae
232:skulle
174:humans
166:crania
146:cavity
79:System
6199:Skull
6101:Ovary
6096:Vulva
6059:Penis
5981:Liver
5957:Colon
5908:Tooth
5888:Mouth
5853:Lower
5831:Upper
5708:Nerve
5698:Brain
5615:Heart
5474:Tibia
5464:Skull
5193:Inion
5076:Other
5060:Vomer
4986:Angle
4957:Ramus
4704:Other
4630:Nasal
4540:skull
4344:Other
4238:Spine
4221:Ovale
3676:Other
3522:Inion
3492:skull
3414:Mouth
3040:S2CID
2947:S2CID
2847:S2CID
2458:S2CID
2220:S2CID
1775:from
1675:skull
1624:skull
1609:skull
1297:JĆmon
1209:blood
926:Birds
913:Birds
895:vomer
710:jugal
704:Bones
509:vomer
431:Bones
380:brain
287:. In
239:word
237:Latin
224:skull
217:horns
172:. In
150:brain
140:is a
138:skull
124:[
113:54964
67:skull
65:mouse
63:of a
49:Skull
32:Sköll
6049:Male
5967:Anus
5868:Lung
5836:Nose
5784:and
5755:Skin
5603:Vein
5479:Ulna
5397:Bone
5370:and
5294:Both
5065:Wing
5019:Nose
4892:Chin
4881:Body
4534:The
4351:Body
3155:OCLC
3145:ISBN
3122:OCLC
3112:ISBN
3089:PMID
3032:PMID
2996:PMID
2988:ISSN
2939:PMID
2900:PMID
2839:PMID
2831:ISSN
2802:2021
2779:PMID
2750:PMID
2742:ISSN
2717:PMID
2699:ISSN
2668:2012
2611:2014
2575:PMID
2499:PMID
2450:PMID
2417:2018
2367:2013
2294:2018
2257:PMID
2212:PMID
2174:2007
2137:ISBN
2107:PMID
2074:ISBN
2057:â23.
2028:ISBN
1996:ISBN
1941:ISBN
1914:ISBN
1893:2021
1868:2016
1830:ISBN
1486:The
1447:The
1172:burr
1048:and
1017:and
977:and
897:and
891:rays
841:and
759:and
745:jaws
739:and
723:Fish
715:The
708:The
654:The
605:and
496:and
437:Bone
376:face
368:head
362:The
312:and
142:bone
136:The
96:MeSH
23:and
5903:Lip
5725:Eye
5720:Ear
5484:Rib
4896:Jaw
4825:,
3079:PMC
3071:doi
3024:doi
3020:125
2978:doi
2931:doi
2890:PMC
2880:doi
2823:doi
2771:doi
2707:PMC
2689:doi
2685:130
2637:doi
2489:PMC
2442:doi
2319:doi
2315:242
2249:doi
2204:doi
2200:121
1970:doi
1966:300
1239:or
818:In
755:in
465:or
164:or
158:pl.
108:FMA
6190::
4940:,
4936:,
4932:,
4918:,
4914:,
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