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559:, the city's main shopping area. Most were uniformed or partially-uniformed Auxiliaries and some were British soldiers, while others wore no uniforms. They were seen firing into the air, smashing shop windows and setting buildings alight. Many reported hearing bombs exploding. A group of Auxiliaries were seen throwing a bomb into the ground floor of the Munster Arcade, which housed both shops and flats. It exploded under the residential quarters while people were inside the building. They managed to escape unharmed but were detained by the Auxiliaries.
720:, refused demands for such an inquiry. He denied that British forces had any involvement and suggested the IRA started the fires in the city centre, although he said that several houses at Dillon's Cross "were destroyed because from these houses bombs were thrown at the police". When asked about reports of firefighters being attacked by British forces he said "Every available policeman and soldier in Cork was turned out at once and without their assistance the fire brigade could not have gone through the crowds and did the work that they tried to do".
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Crowley, then forced the priest to his knees and shot him also. Both were killed. A military court of inquiry heard that Hart had been a friend of
Chapman and had been "drinking steadily" since his death. Hart was found guilty of murder, but insane. At a subsequent investigation, one of the reasons given for killing the priest was that he refused to have the parish church bells tolled after the
735:. This resulted in the "Strickland Report", but Cork Corporation instructed its employees and other corporate officials to take no part. The report blamed members of the Auxiliaries' K Company, based at Victoria Barracks. The Auxiliaries, it was claimed, burnt the city centre in reprisal for the IRA attack at Dillon's Cross. The British Government refused to publish the report.
324:, Ireland's third-biggest city. Many Irish civilians reported being beaten, shot at, and robbed by British forces. Firefighters testified that British forces hindered their attempts to tackle the blazes by intimidation, cutting their hoses and shooting at them. Two unarmed IRA volunteers were also shot dead at their home in the north of the city.
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them to tackle the fire at Dillon's Cross so that he could focus on the city centre; the barracks took no heed of his request. As he did not have enough resources to deal with all the fires at once, "he would have to make choices – some fires he would fight, others he could not". Hutson oversaw the operation on St
Patrick's Street, and met
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women) were repeatedly kicked, hit with rifle butts, threatened, and verbally abused. The
Auxiliaries then forced the passengers to line-up against a wall and searched them, while continuing the physical and verbal abuse. Some had their money and belongings stolen. One of those attacked was a Catholic priest, who was singled out for
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destruction and the attempt made by an
Auxiliary officer to prevent the looting of one shop by Black and Tans: "You are in the wrong shop; that man is a Loyalist" and the reply, "We don't give a damn; this is the shop that was pointed out to us", is additional proof that the matter had been carefully planned beforehand.
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Many familiar landmarks were gone forever – where whole buildings had collapsed here and there a solitary wall leaned at some crazy angle from its foundation. The streets ran with sooty water, the footpaths were strewn with broken glass and debris, ruins smoked and smouldered and over everything
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was informed of the fire at Dillon's Cross shortly before 10 pm and were sent to deal with it at once. On finding that Grant's department store on St
Patrick's Street was ablaze, they decided to tackle it first. The fire brigade's Superintendent, Alfred Hutson, called Victoria Barracks and asked
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The
Auxiliaries broke into the pub with weapons drawn. They ordered everyone to put their hands over their heads to be searched. Backup and an ambulance were sent from the nearby barracks. One witness described young men being rounded up and forced to lie on the ground. The Auxiliaries dragged one of
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six months later, but the burning of Cork was one of the most substantial. The
British government at first denied that its forces had started the fires, and only agreed to hold a military inquiry. This concluded that a company of Auxiliaries were responsible, but the government refused to publish the
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At 9:30 pm, lorries of
Auxiliaries and British soldiers left the barracks and alighted at Dillon's Cross, where they broke into houses and herded the occupants on to the street. They then set the houses on fire and stood guard as they were razed to the ground. Those who tried to intervene were fired
531:
Angered by an attack so near their headquarters and seeking retribution for the deaths of their colleagues at
Kilmichael, the Auxiliaries gathered to wreak their revenge. Charles Schulze, an Auxiliary and a former British Army Captain in the Dorsetshire Regiment during the First World War, organized
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was an epicentre of the war. On 23 November 1920, a non-uniformed "Black and Tan" threw a grenade into a group of IRA volunteers who had just left a brigade meeting on St
Patrick's Street, Cork's main street. Three IRA volunteers of the 1st Cork Brigade were killed: Paddy Trahey, Patrick Donohue and
601:
After the ambush at Dillon's Cross, IRA commander Seán O'Donoghue and volunteer James O'Mahony made their way to the farmhouse of the Delany (often spelled Delaney) family at Dublin Hill on the northern outskirts of the city, not far from the ambush site. Brothers Cornelius and Jeremiah Delany were
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At about 4 am there was a large explosion and City Hall and the neighbouring Carnegie Library went up in flames, resulting in the loss of many of the city's public records. According to Ellis, the Black and Tans had detonated high explosives inside City Hall. When more firefighters arrived, British
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That evening, a unit of six IRA volunteers commanded by O'Donoghue took up position between the barracks and Dillon's Cross. Their goal was to destroy the patrol and capture or kill Captain Kelly. Five of the volunteers hid behind a stone wall while one, Michael Kenny, stood across the road dressed
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condemned the bishop for his comments, which he claimed held the Irish people up as the "evil-doers". Walsh said that while the people of Cork had been suffering, "not a single word of protest was uttered , and today, after the city has been decimated, he saw no better course than to add insult to
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At about 2 am, at least eight armed men entered the house and went upstairs into the brothers' bedroom. The brothers got up and stood at the bedside and were asked their names. When they answered, the gunmen opened fire. Jeremiah was killed outright and Cornelius died of his wounds on 18 December.
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arrived in Rome in the wake of the publicity over this decree and a growing belief, fostered by the British, that some priests were preaching that it was not a sin to shoot policemen. The British were not entirely wide of the mark as the following letter to Florrie O'Donoghue, on Cohalan's edict,
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British forces began driving around the city firing at random, as people rushed to get home before the 10 pm curfew. A group of armed and uniformed Auxiliaries surrounded a tram at Summerhill, smashed its windows, and forced all the passengers out. Some of the passengers (including at least three
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At 8 pm, two lorries each carrying 13 Auxiliaries emerged from the barracks. The first lorry slowed when the driver spotted Kenny and, as it did so, the IRA unit attacked with grenades and revolvers. The official British report said that 12 Auxiliaries were wounded and that one, Spencer Chapman—a
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Firemen later testified that British forces hindered their attempts to tackle the blazes by intimidating them and cutting or driving over their hoses. Firemen were also shot at, and at least two were wounded by gunfire. Shortly after 3 am, reporter Alan Ellis came upon a unit of the fire brigade
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Over 40 business premises and 300 residential properties were destroyed, amounting to over five acres of the city. Over ÂŁ3 million worth of damage (1920 value) was caused, although the value of property looted by British forces is not clear. Many people became homeless and 2,000 were left
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to Cork for the funeral of Spencer Chapman, their comrade killed at Dillon's Cross. They met an elderly priest (Fr Thomas Magner) and a young man (Tadhg O'Crowley) helping another man fix his car. The Auxiliary commander, Vernon Anwyl Hart, got out and began questioning them. He beat and shot
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were brought from Cork barracks to the centre of the city, and the deliberate manner in which the work of firing the various premises was divided amongst groups under the control of officers, gives evidence of organisation and pre-arrangement. Moreover, the selection of certain premises for
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There has been debate over whether British forces at Victoria Barracks had planned to burn the city before the ambush at Dillon's Cross, whether the British Army itself was involved, and whether those who set the fires were being commanded by superior officers. Florence O'Donoghue, who was
488:(in the north of the city) each night at 8 pm and made its way to the city centre via Dillon's Cross. On 11 December, IRA commander Seán O'Donoghue received intelligence that two lorries of Auxiliaries would be leaving the barracks that night and travelling with them would be British Army
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Their elderly relative, William Dunlea, was wounded by gunfire. The brothers' father said the gunmen wore long overcoats and spoke with English accents. It is thought that, while searching the ambush site, Auxiliaries had found a cap belonging to one of the volunteers and had used
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jobless. Fatalities included an Auxiliary killed by the IRA, two IRA volunteers killed by Auxiliaries, and a woman who died from a heart attack when Auxiliaries burst into her house. Several people, including firefighters, had reportedly been assaulted or otherwise wounded.
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pinned down by gunfire near City Hall. The firemen said that they were being shot at by Black and Tans who had broken into the building. They also claimed to have seen uniformed men carrying cans of petrol into the building from nearby Union Quay barracks.
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The work drew on evidence from hundreds of eyewitness which suggested that the fires had been set by British forces and that British forces had prevented firefighters from tackling the blazes. The material was compiled by the president of
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against anyone who, after this notice, shall take part in an ambush or a kidnapping or attempted murder or arson". No excommunications were issued, and the bishop's edict was largely ignored by pro-republican priests and chaplains.
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K Company Auxiliary Charles Schulze, a former British Army captain, wrote in a letter to his girlfriend in England calling the burning of Cork "sweet revenge", while in a letter to his mother he wrote: "Many who had witnessed
381:(RIC). In response, the RIC began recruiting reinforcements from Britain, mostly unemployed former soldiers who fought in the First World War. Some were recruited into the RIC as regular police constables who became known as "
421:
in which six RIC officers were killed, police burnt many homes in the surrounding villages and killed five civilians. Several other villages suffered similar reprisals over the following months. IRA intelligence officer
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and the Lord Mayor, Donal O'Callaghan, agreed with Walsh's sentiments. The members resolved that the Lord Mayor should send a telegram asking for the intervention of the European governments and the United States.
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said "in the present condition of Ireland, we are much more likely to get an impartial inquiry in a military court than in any other". Greenwood announced that a military inquiry would be carried out by General
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said the subsequent burning and looting of Cork was "not an isolated incident, but rather the large-scale application of a policy initiated and approved, implicitly or explicitly, by the British government".
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on 20 September 1920, "Black and Tans" burnt more than fifty homes and businesses in the village and killed two local republicans in their custody. This drew international attention and became known as the
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on Cork city, which began at 10 pm each night. IRA volunteer Seán Healy recalled that "at least 1,000 troops would pour out of Victoria Barracks at this hour and take over complete control of the city".
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forces shot at them and refused them access to water. The last act of arson took place at about 6 am when a group of policemen looted and burnt the Murphy Brothers' clothes shop on Washington Street.
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What appears more probable is that the ambush provided the excuse for an act which was long premeditated and for which all arrangements had been made. The rapidity with which supplies of petrol and
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as an off-duty British officer. When the lorries neared he was to beckon the driver of the first lorry to slow down or stop. The ambush position was a "couple of hundred yards" from the barracks.
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504:)—died from his wounds shortly after. As the IRA unit made its escape, some of the Auxiliaries fired on them while others dragged the wounded to the nearest cover: O'Sullivan's pub.
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335:. The economic damage was estimated at over £3 million (equivalent to approximately €150 million in 2021), while 2,000 were left jobless and many more became homeless.
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The fire brigade, over-worked and over-stretched, had to continue pouring water on the smoldering buildings to prevent fires re-igniting. Early in the morning, Lord Mayor
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say that nothing they had experienced was comparable with the punishment meted out in Cork". After the burning, K Company was moved to Dunmanway and began wearing burnt
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requested help from other fire brigades. A motor fire-engine and crew were immediately sent by train from Dublin, and a horse-drawn engine was sent from Limerick.
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658:, condemned the arson but said the burning of the city was a result of the "murderous ambush at Dillon's Cross" and vowed, "I will certainly issue a decree of
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552:'s statue. Meanwhile, witnesses reported seeing a group of 14–18 Black and Tans firing wildly for upwards of 20 minutes on nearby MacCurtain Street.
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members of F Company, 1st Battalion, 1st Cork Brigade IRA. O'Donoghue hid some grenades on the farm and the two men went their separate ways.
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Florence O'Donoghue, intelligence officer of the 1st Cork Brigade IRA at the time, described the scene in Cork on the morning of the 12th:
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in their caps in reference to the burning of the city. For their part in the arson and looting, K Company was disbanded on 31 March 1921.
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The Auxiliaries and the "Black and Tans" became infamous for carrying out numerous reprisals for IRA attacks, which included
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upon and some were badly beaten. Seven buildings were set alight at the crossroads. When one was found to be owned by
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Rebel Cork's Fighting Story, 1916–21: Told by the Men who Made it: with a Unique Pictorial Record of the Period
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585:, and in several cases he had seen soldiers pouring cans of petrol into buildings and setting them alight".
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patrol in the city, which wounded twelve Auxiliaries, one fatally. In retaliation, the Auxiliaries,
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Three days after the burning, on 15 December, two lorry-loads of Auxiliaries were travelling from
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burned homes near the ambush site, before looting and burning numerous buildings in the centre of
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British forces carried out many similar reprisals on Irish civilians during the war, notably the
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408:, was shot dead at his home by police with blackened faces. In reprisal for an IRA attack in
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reporter Alan Ellis. He told Ellis "that all the fires were being deliberately started by
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373:. The Irish Republican Army (IRA), waged guerrilla warfare against British forces: the
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1995:
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The Black and Tans: British Police and Auxiliaries in the Irish War of Independence
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Cork City Hall in the 1870s. The building was destroyed during the burning of Cork
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them to the middle of the crossroads, stripped him naked and forced him to sing "
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2018:
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1799:"1913–21 Statement by Witness. Document No. W.S. 1547. Witness Michael Murphy"
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O'Donoghue, F. (2009). "The Sacking of Cork". In Ă“ Conchubhair, Brian (ed.).
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Smaller font-size indicates locations or organizations that no longer exist.
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Irish nationalists called for an open and impartial inquiry. In the British
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and Carnegie Library were destroyed by fires, many of which were started by
39:
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Fire engines sent from Dublin to help deal with the aftermath of the fires
1920:
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New York Times (1920). "Two die from Cork explosion – 25 November 1920".
1950:
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Workers clearing rubble on St Patrick's Street in Cork after the fires
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Military actions and engagements during the Irish War of Independence
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intelligence officer of the 1st Cork Brigade IRA at the time, wrote:
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IRA intelligence established that an Auxiliary patrol usually left
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forces took place on the night of 11–12 December 1920, during the
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1267:"Delaney Brothers Monument, Dublin Hill Upper, Cork, County Cork"
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Soon after, witnesses reported groups of armed men on and around
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A group of "Black and Tans" and Auxiliaries in Dublin, April 1921
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report at the time. No one was held accountable for the burning.
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Guerrilla Warfare in the Irish War of Independence, 1919–1921
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More than 40 business premises, 300 residential properties,
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The Irish War of Independence began in 1919, following the
385:". Other former army officers were recruited into the new
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was held that afternoon at the Corn Exchange. Councillor
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British war crimes during the Irish War of Independence
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Havoc: The Auxiliaries in Ireland's War of Independence
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Police misconduct during the Irish War of Independence
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Blood on the Banner, The Republican Struggle in Clare
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former officer in the 4th Battalion London Regiment (
1767:"Culprit who led burning of Cork finally identified"
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and burning property. In March 1920, the republican
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Legacy of Violence: A History of the British Empire
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The re-built Cork City Hall, completed in the 1930s
532:a group of Auxiliaries to burn the centre of Cork.
2849:Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1920s
1544:, theauxiliaries.com; accessed 17 February 2018.
1471:, theauxiliaries.com; accessed 17 February 2018.
451:On 28 November 1920, the IRA's 3rd Cork Brigade
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2854:Attacks on buildings and structures in Ireland
2039:Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award
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949:Roinn Cosanta. Bureau of Military History 1956
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821:"ÉIRE 1920 – Corcaigh i gcroĂlár an chomhraic"
742:published a pamphlet in January 1921 entitled
675:injury". Councillor Michael Ă“ Cuill, alderman
2859:British Army in the Irish War of Independence
1851:
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55:
8:
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740:Irish Labour Party and Trades Union Congress
1756:O'Halpin, Eunan; Ó Corráin, Daithà (2020).
1697:"Murder of Delaney Brothers at Dublin Hill"
1657:"Hidden History – The Burning of Cork"
1000:
540:, the Auxiliaries quickly doused the fire.
448:reported that sixteen people were injured.
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2008:
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610:to follow the scent to the family's home.
453:ambushed an Auxiliary patrol at Kilmichael
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48:
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27:Event during the Irish War of Independence
1795:Roinn Cosanta. Bureau of Military History
548:abuse. Another tram was set on fire near
357:Timeline of the Irish War of Independence
1604:"History of Cork – Burning of Cork"
1514:"Greenwood heckled on Strickland Report"
1237:
888:
2792:Italics indicate proposed developments.
1423:from the Chaplain to the Brigade shows"
1024:
912:
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692:, in which 17 Auxiliaries were killed.
635:was the all-pervasive smell of burning.
459:in counties Cork (including the city),
2919:Building and structure fires in Europe
1816:White, Gerry; O'Shea, Brendan (2006).
1741:. Mercier Press Ltd. pp. 88–105.
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1415:
900:
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7:
2814:1920 disasters in the United Kingdom
1765:O'Riordan, Sean (11 December 2010).
2230:Hamblin and Porter's Grammar School
1663:from the original on 29 March 2008.
2924:1920 murders in the United Kingdom
2755:Cork Victoria Road railway station
2727:Cork Albert Street railway station
2034:Cork International Choral Festival
512:" until he collapsed on the road.
25:
2762:Cork Western Road railway station
2884:Fires in the Republic of Ireland
2769:Show Ground Halt railway station
2720:Cork Albert Quay railway station
2464:Cathedral of St Mary and St Anne
2029:Cork International Film Festival
1758:The Dead of the Irish Revolution
1647:Ellis, Peter Berresford (2004).
844:. Knopf Doubleday. p. 159.
417:. Two days later, following the
369:and founding of its parliament,
804:"Commemorating Cork's Patriots"
2741:Cork City Park railway station
1:
2313:Cork International Exhibition
2219:Presentation Brothers College
1445:O'Halpin & Ó Corráin 2020
1044:O'Halpin & Ó Corráin 2020
937:O'Halpin & Ó Corráin 2020
877:O'Halpin & Ó Corráin 2020
761:scenes in France and Flanders
2734:Cork Capwell railway station
2179:Bishopstown Community School
2148:Cork Institute of Technology
1629:Michael Collins: A Biography
1254:National Archives of Ireland
342:three months before and the
2489:Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral
2307:Irish Industrial Exhibition
2189:Coláiste an Spioraid Naoimh
1649:Eyewitness to Irish History
718:Chief Secretary for Ireland
2945:
2834:1920s disasters in Ireland
2494:SS Peter and Paul's Church
2184:Christian Brothers College
2158:St. John's Central College
1785:Ă“ Ruairc, Padraig (2009).
1672:. Oxford University Press.
354:
308:(IRA) ambush of a British
2904:British military scandals
2789:
2713:Blackrock railway station
2674:Parnell Place Bus Station
2624:Cork Kent railway station
1583:Bennett, Richard (2010).
838:Elkins, Caroline (2022).
302:Irish War of Independence
81:
73:Irish War of Independence
2929:1920s murders in Ireland
2909:Royal Irish Constabulary
2776:Victoria railway station
2669:National Software Centre
2266:St. Mary's Health Campus
2256:Cork University Hospital
2204:Douglas Community School
2143:Cork College of Commerce
1760:. Yale University Press.
1677:McKenna, Joseph (2014).
480:Ambush at Dillon's Cross
471:. It imposed a military
379:Royal Irish Constabulary
344:burning of Knockcroghery
2199:Coláiste Stiofáin Naofa
2163:University College Cork
2090:Lewis Glucksman Gallery
1542:Charles Schulze profile
1499:White & O'Shea 2006
1433:White & O'Shea 2006
1404:White & O'Shea 2006
1392:White & O'Shea 2006
1345:White & O'Shea 2006
1333:White & O'Shea 2006
1309:White & O'Shea 2006
1219:White & O'Shea 2006
1202:White & O'Shea 2006
1190:White & O'Shea 2006
1178:White & O'Shea 2006
1166:White & O'Shea 2006
1154:White & O'Shea 2006
1139:White & O'Shea 2006
1127:White & O'Shea 2006
1103:White & O'Shea 2006
1059:White & O'Shea 2006
982:White & O'Shea 2006
749:University College Cork
258:Bloody Sunday (Belfast)
2889:History of Cork (city)
2689:St. Finbarr's Cemetery
2515:Oliver Plunkett Street
2261:St. Finbarr's Hospital
2251:Mater Private Hospital
1716:O'Brien, Paul (2017).
1668:Leeson, D. M. (2011).
1250:Census of Ireland 1911
782:
705:
646:At midday mass in the
637:
623:
567:
528:
492:Captain James Kelly.
435:
398:extrajudicial killings
293:
138:Bloody Sunday (Dublin)
37:
2824:1920s fires in Europe
2153:Griffith College Cork
1271:buildingsofireland.ie
744:Who burned Cork City?
703:
621:
565:
523:
479:
433:
355:Further information:
306:Irish Republican Army
268:Arnon Street killings
35:
2874:December 1920 events
2664:The Montenotte Hotel
2075:Crawford Art Gallery
1632:. Head of Zeus Ltd.
597:Dublin Hill shooting
2879:Destroyed libraries
2530:St Patrick's Street
2474:Holy Trinity Church
2448:Tramore Valley Park
2214:Mount Mercy College
2194:Coláiste ChrĂost RĂ
2080:Firkin Crane Centre
2044:Live at the Marquee
1818:The Burning of Cork
1602:Cork City Council.
1520:, 17 February 1921.
1469:Canon Magner murder
961:New York Times 1920
915:, pp. 178–181.
891:, pp. 169–171.
827:. 27 November 2020.
572:city's fire brigade
557:St Patrick's Street
525:St Patrick's Street
516:Burning and looting
424:Florence O'Donoghue
18:The Burning of Cork
2894:Looting in Ireland
2844:Arson in the 1920s
2684:Skiddy's Almshouse
2416:recreational areas
2272:Erinville Hospital
2224:Scoil Mhuire, Cork
2070:Cork Public Museum
2024:Cork Jazz Festival
1585:The Black and Tans
1518:The New York Times
1406:, pp. 140–42.
1221:, pp. 135–36.
1204:, pp. 126–27.
1156:, pp. 121–25.
1141:, pp. 118–20.
1129:, pp. 115–17.
1061:, pp. 111–12.
984:, pp. 104–10.
903:, p. 167–176.
724:Conservative Party
706:
624:
568:
529:
490:Intelligence Corps
445:The New York Times
436:
415:Sack of Balbriggan
402:Lord Mayor of Cork
391:counter-insurgency
387:Auxiliary Division
340:Sack of Balbriggan
273:Dunmanway killings
108:Sack of Balbriggan
38:
2869:Conflicts in 1920
2801:
2800:
2796:
2785:
2784:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2659:Jack Lynch Tunnel
2540:Washington Street
2469:Church of St Anne
2428:Fitzgerald's Park
2423:Bishop Lucey Park
2409:
2408:
2401:Cork Community TV
2281:
2274:
2239:
2238:
2232:
2124:
2123:
2049:SoundEye Festival
1820:. Mercier Press.
1748:978-1-85635-644-2
1720:. Collins Press.
1587:. Pen and Sword.
1568:, pp. 93–94.
951:, pp. 29–30.
927:, pp. 88–89.
851:978-0-593-32008-2
690:Kilmichael ambush
641:Donal O'Callaghan
510:God Save the King
486:Victoria Barracks
406:Tomás Mac Curtain
393:unit of the RIC.
304:. It followed an
281:
280:
16:(Redirected from
2936:
2839:Arson in Ireland
2794:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2748:Cork County Gaol
2746:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2705:Railway stations
2702:
2634:The Custom House
2619:Cork County Hall
2604:Collins Barracks
2589:Blackrock Castle
2344:Cork Independent
2333:
2277:
2270:
2228:
2133:
2085:Everyman Theatre
2065:Cork Opera House
2009:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1837:
1831:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1803:
1790:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1761:
1752:
1731:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1692:
1673:
1664:
1652:
1643:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1606:. Archived from
1598:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1511:
1502:
1496:
1487:
1481:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1380:
1374:
1363:
1357:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1297:Delaney Brothers
1294:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1263:
1257:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1222:
1216:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1062:
1056:
1047:
1041:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
985:
979:
964:
958:
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
922:
916:
910:
904:
898:
892:
886:
880:
874:
868:
862:
856:
855:
835:
829:
828:
817:
811:
810:
808:
800:
753:Alfred O'Rahilly
733:Peter Strickland
710:House of Commons
668:Cork Corporation
583:incendiary bombs
442:Seamus Mehigan.
333:incendiary bombs
318:British soldiers
263:McMahon killings
76:
74:
64:
57:
50:
41:
21:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2829:1920 in Ireland
2804:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2781:
2700:
2695:Two Working Men
2599:City Gate Mahon
2581:
2580:Other buildings
2575:
2549:
2545:Wellington Road
2498:
2452:
2415:
2405:
2389:
2363:
2324:
2319:Burning of Cork
2296:History of Cork
2284:
2279:North Infirmary
2235:
2209:North Monastery
2167:
2120:
2099:
2053:
2000:
1869:
1864:
1834:
1828:
1815:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1793:
1784:
1775:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1749:
1734:
1728:
1715:
1710:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1676:
1667:
1655:
1646:
1640:
1624:Coogan, Tim Pat
1622:
1613:
1611:
1601:
1595:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1566:O'Donoghue 2009
1564:
1560:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1530:O'Donoghue 2009
1528:
1524:
1512:
1505:
1497:
1490:
1484:O'Donoghue 2009
1482:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1383:
1375:
1366:
1358:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1331:
1327:
1321:O'Donoghue 2009
1319:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1295:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1225:
1217:
1208:
1200:
1196:
1188:
1184:
1176:
1172:
1164:
1160:
1152:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1115:O'Donoghue 2009
1113:
1109:
1101:
1094:
1088:O'Donoghue 2009
1086:
1082:
1074:
1065:
1057:
1050:
1042:
1031:
1023:
1019:
1013:O'Donoghue 2009
1011:
1007:
999:
988:
980:
967:
959:
955:
947:
943:
935:
931:
925:O'Donoghue 2009
923:
919:
911:
907:
899:
895:
887:
883:
875:
871:
863:
859:
852:
837:
836:
832:
819:
818:
814:
806:
802:
801:
797:
792:
787:
714:Hamar Greenwood
698:
660:excommunication
648:North Cathedral
616:
599:
527:, Cork, c. 1900
518:
502:Royal Fusiliers
482:
359:
353:
286:burning of Cork
282:
277:
148:Burning of Cork
77:
72:
70:
68:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2942:
2940:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2806:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2708:
2706:
2699:
2698:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2654:English Market
2651:
2646:
2644:Elizabeth Fort
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2614:Cork City Hall
2611:
2609:Cork City Gaol
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2582:and structures
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2525:Shandon Street
2522:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2358:Irish Examiner
2354:
2347:
2339:
2337:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2111:English Market
2107:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1840:
1833:
1832:
1826:
1813:
1791:
1782:
1771:Irish Examiner
1762:
1753:
1747:
1732:
1726:
1713:
1708:
1693:
1687:
1674:
1665:
1653:
1644:
1638:
1620:
1610:on 4 July 2017
1599:
1593:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1558:
1556:, p. 101.
1546:
1534:
1532:, p. 103.
1522:
1503:
1501:, p. 148.
1488:
1486:, p. 102.
1473:
1461:
1459:, p. 204.
1449:
1447:, p. 255.
1437:
1435:, p. 143.
1425:
1408:
1396:
1394:, p. 139.
1381:
1377:Hidden History
1364:
1362:, p. 244.
1349:
1347:, p. 134.
1337:
1325:
1323:, p. 101.
1313:
1311:, p. 109.
1301:
1284:
1258:
1242:
1223:
1206:
1194:
1192:, p. 128.
1182:
1180:, p. 126.
1170:
1168:, p. 125.
1158:
1143:
1131:
1119:
1107:
1105:, p. 114.
1092:
1080:
1076:O'Riordan 2010
1063:
1048:
1046:, p. 253.
1029:
1017:
1005:
986:
965:
953:
941:
939:, p. 235.
929:
917:
905:
893:
881:
879:, p. 126.
869:
857:
850:
830:
812:
794:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
697:
694:
656:Daniel Cohalan
652:Bishop of Cork
615:
612:
598:
595:
517:
514:
481:
478:
383:Black and Tans
367:Irish Republic
352:
349:
314:Black and Tans
279:
278:
276:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
89:
88:
82:
79:
78:
69:
67:
66:
59:
52:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2941:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2793:
2788:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2639:Daly's Bridge
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2594:Christ Church
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2520:Parnell Place
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2484:The Red Abbey
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2412:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2385:Cork's Red FM
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2301:Siege of Cork
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2116:Marina Market
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:Turners Cross
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1976:Sunday's Well
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1931:Gurranabraher
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1829:
1827:1-85635-522-5
1823:
1819:
1814:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1729:
1727:9781788410106
1723:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1688:9780786485192
1684:
1681:. McFarland.
1680:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1639:9781784975364
1635:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1594:9781473812420
1590:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1567:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1458:
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1117:, p. 95.
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889:Ă“ Ruairc 2009
885:
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578:Cork Examiner
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550:Father Mathew
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19:
2791:
2693:
2554:Water bodies
2510:Grand Parade
2479:Honan Chapel
2438:Kennedy Park
2356:
2349:
2342:
2318:
1971:South Parish
1936:Knocknaheeny
1891:Ballyphehane
1886:Ballintemple
1817:
1805:. Retrieved
1786:
1774:. Retrieved
1770:
1757:
1737:
1717:
1700:. Retrieved
1678:
1669:
1659:. RTÉ News.
1648:
1628:
1612:. Retrieved
1608:the original
1584:
1561:
1549:
1537:
1525:
1517:
1464:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1411:
1399:
1340:
1335:, p. 9.
1328:
1316:
1304:
1275:. Retrieved
1270:
1261:
1245:
1238:Cork History
1197:
1185:
1173:
1161:
1134:
1122:
1110:
1083:
1025:Bennett 2010
1020:
1008:
1001:O'Brien 2017
956:
944:
932:
920:
913:McKenna 2014
908:
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777:Verey lights
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375:British Army
371:Dáil Éireann
360:
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326:
285:
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238:Custom House
153:Pickardstown
147:
29:
2679:Sir Henry's
2649:The Elysian
2629:Cork Prison
2571:Lough Mahon
2380:Cork's 96FM
2136:Third level
2019:Cork Caucus
1901:Bishopstown
1896:Ballyvolane
1881:Ballinlough
1554:Leeson 2011
1457:Leeson 2011
1416:Coogan 2015
1277:11 December
1003:, chpt. 10.
901:Leeson 2011
865:Leeson 2011
825:Tuairisc.ie
677:Tadhg Barry
672:J. J. Walsh
608:bloodhounds
538:Protestants
457:martial law
439:County Cork
363:declaration
253:Coolacrease
228:Tourmakeady
203:Selton Hill
93:Soloheadbeg
2819:1920 fires
2808:Categories
2535:South Mall
2394:Television
2104:Food halls
2095:Public art
1961:Montenotte
1789:. Mercier.
1360:Ellis 2004
785:References
410:Balbriggan
351:Background
294:DĂł ChorcaĂ
213:Crossbarry
183:Coolavokig
158:Drumcondra
143:Kilmichael
123:Ballinalee
2566:The Lough
2561:River Lee
2443:The Lough
2414:Parks and
2172:Secondary
2129:Education
1941:The Lough
1911:Blackrock
1906:Blackpool
1874:Districts
1867:Cork City
728:Bonar Law
685:Dunmanway
614:Aftermath
546:sectarian
469:Tipperary
310:Auxiliary
248:Rathcoole
193:Clonbanin
98:Knocklong
2457:Religion
2433:The Glen
2351:The Echo
1956:Mayfield
1926:The Glen
1921:Glasheen
1797:(1956).
1661:Archived
1651:. Wiley.
1626:(2015).
465:Limerick
377:and the
233:Kilmeena
223:Scramoge
218:Headford
188:Sheemore
178:Clonmult
168:Dromkeen
103:Holywell
86:Timeline
2503:Streets
2289:History
2005:Culture
1966:Shandon
1951:Mardyke
1916:Douglas
1776:27 July
1576:Sources
726:leader
298:British
208:Burgery
198:Kilfaul
163:Clonfin
118:Tooreen
2321:(1920)
2315:(1902)
2309:(1852)
2303:(1690)
2244:Health
2058:Venues
2012:Events
1996:Wilton
1986:Togher
1981:Tivoli
1824:
1807:28 May
1745:
1724:
1702:28 May
1685:
1636:
1614:28 May
1591:
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848:
716:, the
712:, Sir
473:curfew
467:, and
365:of an
133:Tralee
113:Rineen
2368:Radio
2336:Print
2329:Media
1946:Mahon
1802:(PDF)
1420:Clune
807:(PDF)
790:Notes
765:corks
461:Kerry
296:) by
290:Irish
173:Upton
2375:C103
1822:ISBN
1809:2017
1778:2011
1743:ISBN
1722:ISBN
1704:2017
1683:ISBN
1634:ISBN
1616:2017
1589:ISBN
1279:2020
846:ISBN
738:The
650:the
570:The
389:, a
322:Cork
316:and
284:The
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