611:, commonly known as the Dutch cloak, was another kind of cloak. Its name implies some military ideals and has been used since the beginning of the 16th century and therefore has many forms. The cloak is identified by its flaring out at the shoulders and the intricacy of decoration. The cloak was worn to the ankle, waist or fork. It also had specific measurements of 3/4 cut. The longer lengths were more popular for travel and came with many variations. These include: taller collars than normal, upturned collar or no collar at all and sleeves. The French cloak was quite the opposite of the Dutch and was worn anywhere from the knees to the ankle. It was typically worn over the left shoulder and included a cape that came to the elbow. It was a highly decorated cloak. The Spanish cloak or cape was well known to be stiff, have a very decorated hood and was worn to the hip or waist. The over-gown for women was very plain and worn loosely to the floor or ankle length. The Juppe had a relation to the safeguard and they would usually be worn together. The Juppe replaced the Dutch Cloak and was most likely a loose form of the doublet.
2205:
699:
1672:
2229:
393:
2913:
75:
870:
804:
1802:
2614:
2925:
1025:
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1488:
408:(or both). An alternative to the gown was a short jacket or a doublet cut with a high neckline. The narrow-shouldered, wide-cuffed "trumpet" sleeves characteristic of the 1540s and 1550s in France and England disappeared in the 1560s, in favor of French and Spanish styles with narrower sleeves. Overall, the silhouette was narrow through the 1560s and gradually widened, with emphasis at the shoulder and hip. The slashing technique, seen in Italian dress in the 1560s, evolved into single or double rows of loops at the shoulder with contrasting linings. By the 1580s these had been adapted in England as padded and jeweled
989:
2554:
882:
2403:
2602:
1277:
1512:
2590:
3066:
2859:
1476:
1446:
2805:
3042:
159:
1606:
2817:
664:
1642:
135:. Black garments were worn for the most formal occasions. Black was difficult and expensive to dye, and seen as luxurious, if in an austere way. As well as Spanish courtiers, it appealed to wealthy middle-class Protestants. Regional styles were still distinct. The clothing was very intricate, elaborate and made with heavy fabrics such as velvet and raised silk, topped off with brightly coloured jewellery such as rubies, diamonds and pearls to contrast the black backdrop of the clothing.
2217:
58:, applied trims, and other forms of surface ornamentation remained prominent. The wide silhouette, conical for women with breadth at the hips and broadly square for men with width at the shoulders had reached its peak in the 1530s, and by mid-century a tall, narrow line with a V-lined waist was back in fashion. Sleeves and women's skirts then began to widen again, with emphasis at the shoulder that would continue into the next century. The characteristic garment of the period was the
3018:
1434:
858:
3118:. The woman in the foreground wears a gown with a contrasting lining tucked into her belt to display her kirtle. The woman at the back wears contrasting sleeves with her gown. Both women wear dark parlets; the V-neck front and pointed back are common in Flanders. They wear linen headdresses, probably a single rectangle of cloth pinned into a hood (note knots in the corners behind). Men wear baggy hose, short doublets (one with a longer jerkin beneath), and soft, round hats, 1568.
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2385:
1037:
3054:
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1307:
475:
compressed the torso into a smaller but equally geometric cone. Bodices could be high-necked or have a broad, low, square neckline, often with a slight arch at the front early in the period. They fastened with hooks in front or were laced at the side-back seam. High-necked bodices styled like men's doublets might fasten with hooks or buttons. Italian and German fashion retained the front-laced bodice of the previous period, with the ties laced in parallel rows.
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2271:
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2760:
previously. As in the first half of the century, shoes were made from soft leather, velvet, or silk. In Spain, Italy, and
Germany the slashing of shoes also persisted into the latter half of the century. In France however, slashing slowly went out of fashion and coloring the soles of footwear red began. Aside from slashing, shoes in this period could be adorned with all sorts of cord, quilting, and frills. Thick-soled
780:
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2193:
672:
484:
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3148:. Fruit and vegetable-sellers are often shown with more cleavage exposed than other women, whether reflecting a reality or an iconographic convention is hard to say. It might also reflect the common suspect in XVI Italy about the so-called "treccole", women that sold food of any kind in the streets; respectable people tended to see their going around as a sort of cover for prostitution or loose behaviour.
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816:
385:
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1398:
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33:
1618:
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509:. Smocks were made of rectangular lengths of linen; in northern Europe the smock skimmed the body and was widened with triangular gores, while in Mediterranean countries smocks were cut fuller in the body and sleeves. High-necked smocks were worn under high-necked fashions, to protect the expensive outer garments from body oils and dirt. There is pictorial evidence that Venetian
1630:
2889:
828:
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581:(a fine linen). Partlets were also worn over the kirtle and gown. The colours of "over-partlets" varied, but white and black were the most common. The partlet might be made of the same material as the kirtle and richly decorated with lace detailing to complement it. Embroidered partlet and sleeve sets were frequently given to Elizabeth as New Year's gifts.
2542:
653:
the
Elizabethan style by being a multipurpose piece of clothing. They could be worn on the head to protect desirable pale skin from the sun, warm the neck on a colder day, and accentuate the colour scheme of a gown or whole outfit. The upper class had silken scarves of every color to brighten up an outfit with the gold thread and tassels hanging off of it.
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2644:
603:
were worn overall in bad weather. One description mentions strings being attached to the stirrup or foot to hold the skirts in place when riding. Mantles were also popular and described as modern day bench warmers: a square blanket or rug that is attached to the shoulder, worn around the body, or on
2043:
Although beards were worn by many men prior to the mid-16th century, it was at this time when grooming and styling facial hair gained social significance. These styles would change very frequently, from pointed whiskers to round trims, throughout these few decades. The easiest way men were able to
652:
are well-documented. Belts were a surprising necessity: used either for fashion or more practical purposes. Lower classes wore them almost as tool belts with the upper classes using them as another place to add jewels and gems alike. Scarves, although not often mentioned, had a significant impact on
474:
The bodices of French, Spanish, and
English styles were stiffened into a cone or flattened, triangular shape ending in a V at the front of the woman's waist. Italian fashion uniquely featured a broad U-shape rather than a V. Spanish women also wore boned, heavy corsets known as "Spanish bodies" that
2759:
Fashionable shoes for men and women were similar, with a flat one-piece sole and rounded toes. Shoes were fastened with ribbons, laces or simply slipped on. Shoes and boots became narrower, followed the contours of the foot, and covered more of the foot, in some cases up to the ankle, than they had
734:
The ideal standard of beauty for women in the
Elizabethan era was to have light or naturally red hair, a pale complexion, and red cheeks and lips, drawing on the style of Queen Elizabeth. The goal was to look very "English," since the main enemy of England was Spain, and in Spain darker hair was
1867:, usually sleeveless and often made of leather, was worn over the doublet. During this time the doublet and jerkin became increasingly more colorful and highly decorated. Waistlines dipped V-shape in front, and were padded to hold their shape. Around 1570, this padding was exaggerated into a
559:) held the skirts out in a rounded shape at the waist, falling in soft folds to the floor. In England, the Spanish farthingale was worn through the 1570s, and was gradually replaced by the French farthingale. By the 1590s, skirts were pinned to wide wheel farthingales to achieve a drum shape.
236:
The upper classes, too, were restricted. Certain materials such as cloth of gold could only be worn by the Queen, her mother, children, aunts, and sisters, as well as duchesses, marchionesses, and countesses. Viscountesses and baronesses, among others, however, were not allowed to wear this
217:
were used to control behaviour and to ensure that a specific social structure was maintained. These rules were well known by all the
English people and penalties for violating these sumptuary laws included harsh fines. Most of the time they ended in the loss of property, title and even life.
1758:
wears a bodice with split, round hanging sleeves. Her tight undersleeves are characteristic of
Spanish influence. From the folds of her skirt, she appears to be wearing a small roll over a narrow Spanish farthingale. Note that her oversleeves are the same shape as those worn by Lettice
1742:
wears a fashion seen in many formal portraits of
Puritan women in the 1590s, characterized by a black gown worn with a blackwork stomacher and a small French farthingale or half-roll, with a fine linen ruff and moderate use of lace and other trim. She wears a tall black hat called a
1762:
1533:
wears a black gown with vertical bands of trim on the bodice. The curved waistline and dropped front opening of the overskirt suggest that she is wearing a French roll to support her skirt. She wears a heart-shaped cap and a sheer veil decorated with a pattern of pearls, early
1775:
featured bodices cut below the breasts and terminating in a blunt U-shape at the front waist, worn over open high-necked chemises with ruffled collars that frame the head. The
Dogaressa of Venice wears a cloth of gold gown and matching cape and a sheer veil over a small cap,
1725:, 1592, wears a dark red gown (the fabric is just visible at the waist under her arms) with hanging sleeves lined in white satin to match her bodice, undersleeves, and petticoat, which is pinned to a cartwheel farthingale. She carries leather gloves and an early folding
1587:, aged 14, wears a black brocade gown over a French farthingale. The blackwork embroidery on her smock is visible above the arch of her bodice; her cuffs are also trimmed with blackwork. This style is uniquely English. She wears an open-fronted cartwheel ruff.
1330:
2159:
Gloves were often used as a social mediator to recognize the wealthy. Beginning in the second half of the 16th century, many men had trimmed tips off of the fingers of gloves in order for the admirer to see the jewels that were being hidden by the glove.
2752:
1172:
in modest German style: she wears a light-colored petticoat trimmed with a broad band of dark fabric at the hem, with a brown bodice and sleeves and an apron. An elaborate purse hangs from her belt, and she wears a linen headdress with a sheer veil,
2744:
1540:
c. 1580 wear gowns with wide French farthingales, long pointed bodices with revers and open ruffs, and full sleeves. This style appears in
England around 1590. Note the fashionable sway-backed posture that goes with the long bodice resting on the
198:, Queen of England, was the ruler, women's fashion became one of the most important aspects of this period. As the Queen was always required to have a pure image, and although women's fashion became increasingly seductive, the idea of the perfect
2996:
4920:
2674:
wears the cartwheel ruff popular in
England in the 1580s. His white satin doublet is laced with a red-and-white cord at the neck. A red cloak with gold trim is slung fashionably over one shoulder, and he wears a tall black hat with a feather,
2661:
shown in a black doublet with golden embroidery, with matching hose. Black silk stockings, and black shoes with golden embroidery. He also wears a cape in the same fashion. He wears a black top hat with golden embroidery and white feathers,
931:
wears a cloth-of-gold gown with fur-lined "trumpet" sleeves and a matching overpartlet with a flared collar, probably her coronation robes, 1554. Neither the sleeves nor the overpartlet would survive as fashionable items in England into the
114:
in 1558, ending the domination of western Europe by a single court, but the Spanish taste for sombre richness of dress would dominate fashion for the remainder of the century. New alliances and trading patterns arose as the divide between
2322:
225:. Other nobles (lesser ones) were allowed only to wear foxes and otters. Those lower in the social hierarchy were allowed to make use of other animal products in the use of their clothing, "Padding and quilting together with the use of
750:, resulting in death before the age of 50. Other ingredients used as make-up were sulfur, alum, and tin ash. In addition to using make-up to achieve a pale complexion, women in this era were bled to take the color out of their faces.
2128:
which belongs in a deck of playing cards. The beard is broad on the higher part of the cheeks which then curves at each side to meet at the tip of the chin. This style was thought to give a martial appearance and was favoured by
209:
had its own customs and social rules that were reflected in their fashion. Style would depend usually of social status and Elizabethans were bound to obey The Elizabethan Sumptuary Laws, which oversaw the style and materials worn.
1526:
wears an embroidered black high-necked bodice with round sleeves and skirt over a gold petticoat or forepart and matching undersleeves, a lace cartwheel ruff and lace cuffs, and a tall black hat with a jeweled ostrich feather, c.
2318:
wears a severe black jerkin with the new, shorted bases over a light grey doublet with rows of parallel cuts between bands of gold braid. His rose-coloured pansied slops are also decorated with cuts and narrow applied gold trim,
1765:(assumed to be Maria de Medici) shows the adaptation of fashion to accommodate pregnancy. A loose dark gown is worn over a matching bodice and skirt, with tight white undersleeves. The lady wears an open figure-of-eight ruff of
244:, but also colours, depending on social status. Purple was only allowed to be worn by the Queen and her direct family members. Depending on social status, the colour could be used in any clothing or would be limited to mantles,
1979:
were increasingly old-fashioned, and were worn by older men for warmth indoors and out. In this period robes began their transition from general garments to traditional clothing of specific occupations, such as scholars (see
918:
687:
Married and grown women covered their hair, as they had in previous periods. Early in the period, hair was parted in the center and fluffed over the temples. Later, front hair was curled and puffed high over the forehead.
956:
wears a gold-colored gown with tied-on sleeves and a chemise with a wide band of gold embroidery at the neckline. She holds a jewelled fur or zibellino suspended from her waist by a gold chain, Lombardy (Northern Italy),
953:
1580:
wears an entirely black gown with lace collar and cuffs, with white inner sleeves trimmed with gold embroidery or applied braid. Her jewellery includes a double string of pearls, a necklace, worked golden buttons and a
2972:
914:
of 1554: A black gown with high puffed upper sleeves is worn over a black bodice and a gray skirt with black trim. The high-necked chemise or partlet is worn open with the three pairs of ties that fasten it dangling
527:
likely originated in sixteenth-century Spain from bodice-like garments that were made with thick fabrics. The fashion spread from there to Italy, and then to France and (eventually) England, where it was called a
248:, jerkins, or other specific items. Lower classes were only allowed to use brown, beige, yellow, orange, green, grey and blue in wool, linen and sheepskin, while usual fabrics for upper class were silk or velvet.
1130:
2204:
1354:
wears a fitted gown with hanging sleeves over a matching arched bodice and skirt or petticoat, elaborate undersleeves, and a high-necked chemise with a ruff. Her skirt fits smoothly over a Spanish farthingale.
2978:
1179:
wears German front-laced gowns of red satin trimmed with black bands of fabric. They wear high-necked black over-partlets with bands of gold trim and linen aprons. Their hair is tucked into jewelled cauls,
1166:
in severe Spanish fashion of the 1560s. Her high-necked black gown with split hanging sleeves is trimmed in bows with single loops and metal tags or aiglets, and she carries a jewelled flea-fur on a chain.
1139:
wears an open French collar with an attached ruff under a black gown with a flared collar and white lining. Her black hat with a feather is decorated with pearls and worn over a caul that covers her hair,
1735:
wears a painted petticoat with her black gown and cartwheel farthingale. She wears an open lace ruff and a sheer, wired veil frames her head and shoulders. Her skirt is ankle-length and shows her shoes,
1557:
is seen here again wearing a Spanish farthingale, a closed overskirt, and the typically Spanish, long, pointed oversleeves. She is wearing black, a testament to the austere side of the Spanish court, c.
3002:
1108:
1782:, formerly called Elizabeth I, wears a black gown over a white bodice and sleeves embroidered in black and gold, and a spotted white petticoat. Her hood is draped over her forehead in a style called a
455:
The gown was worn over a kirtle or petticoat (or both, for warmth). Prior to 1545, the kirtle consisted of a fitted one-piece garment. After that date, either kirtles or petticoats might have attached
1577:
960:
2975:
wear miniature versions of adult costume, including gown with hanging sleeves and Spanish farthingales, c. 1571. Their skirts appear to have tucks to allow them to be let down as the girls grow.
3128:
is pinned into a capelet or collar over her shoulders, and she wears a high-crowned hat over a coif, a chin-cloth, and an apron. She carries gloves in her left hand and a chicken in her right,
3112:
wears a black partlet, a front-lacing brown gown over a pink kirtle with matching sleeves, and a gray apron. Her collar has a narrow ruffle, and she wears a coif or cap under a straw hat, 1567.
372:
in England and the Netherlands, which still showed heavy Spanish influence, and the light, revealing fashions of the French and Italian courts. This distinction would carry over well into the
1671:
4568:
722:, or cap, of net-work lined in silk attached to a band, which covered the pinned up hair. This style of headdress had also been seen in Germany in the first half of the century. Widows in
467:
and most had sleeves that were pinned or laced in place. The parts of the kirtle or petticoat that showed beneath the gown were usually made of richer fabrics, especially the front panel
2143:
is unique in a sense that it entails the groomer to take the hairs from the centre of the chin and separate the hairs toward opposite directions. This is very common variation of the
1360:
wears a doublet with fringed braid trim that forms button loops and a matching petticoat. Janet Arnold suggests that this method of trimming may be a Polish fashion (similar trimmings
388:
Spanish fashion: Elizabeth of Valois, Queen of Spain, wears a black gown with floor-length sleeves lined in white, with the cone-shaped skirts created by the Spanish farthingale, 1565.
174:
by the 1580s. Ruffs were worn throughout Europe, by men and women of all classes, and were made of rectangular lengths of linen as long as 19 yards. Later ruffs were made of delicate
4997:
1117:
wears the high-collared gown of the 1560s with puffed hanging sleeves. Under it she wears a high-necked bodice and tight undersleeves and a petticoat with an elaborately embroidered
698:
2690:
641:
received one as a New Years gift in 1584. Gloves of perfumed leather featured embroidered cuffs. Folding fans appeared late in the period, replacing flat fans of ostrich feathers.
2523:
shows a deep figure-of-eight ruff in pointed lace (probably reticella). Note the jeweled buttons on his doublet fasten to one side of the front opening, not down the center, 1577.
1590:
1370:
345:, England, France, and Italy all absorbed the sobering and formal influence of Spanish dress after the mid-1520s. Fine textiles could be dyed "in the grain" (with the expensive
2494:
714:
was worn, alone or under other hats or hoods, especially in the Netherlands and England. Many embroidered and bobbin-lace-trimmed English coifs survive from this period. The
3141:
wears a front-fastening gown with ties or points for attaching sleeves, a green apron, and a chemise with a ruffled collar. Her uncovered hair is typical of Italian custom,
2912:
2228:
1385:
Margarethe Elisabeth von Ansbach-Bayreuth wears a tall-collared black gown over a reddish-pink doublet with tight sleeves and a matching petticoat. She wears a black hat.
921:
of 1554: High-necked gown, in Spanish style, trimmed with ruched white silk braid held in place with gold buttons. With ample embroidered sleeves. Hair is covered with a
3138:
1373:
in captivity wears French fashions: her open ruff fastens at the base of the neck, and her skirt hangs in soft folds over a French farthingale. She wears a cap and veil.
322:. Toward the end of the period, polychrome (multicoloured) silk embroidery became highly desirable and fashionable for the public representation of aristocratic wealth.
3924:
3851:
1567:
2009:
of the previous period, and over time the hat was stiffened and the crown became taller and far from flat. Later, a conical felt hat with a rounded crown called a
392:
5104:
5015:
4561:
2942:
1554:
972:
wears a black gown (probably velvet) over black satin sleeves. Her collar lining and chemise are embroidered with blackwork, and she wears a black hood and a fur
2346:
fastens with buttons and loops. The detailed stitching on the lining can be seen. The black-and-white doublet below also fastens with tiny buttons, German, 1566.
3115:
803:
2681:
of 1588 wears a lace or cutwork-edged collar rather than a ruff, with matching sleeve cuffs. He wears a tall grey hat with a feather which is called capotain.
1379:
of his wife Alice shows her wearing an open partlet and a closed ruff. Her blackwork sleeves have a sheer overlayer. She wears a black hood with a veil, 1578.
532:, being made in two parts which laced back and front. The corset was restricted to aristocratic fashion, and was a fitted bodice stiffened with reeds called
4577:
2613:
2156:
A baldrick or "corse" was a belt commonly worn diagonally across the chest or around the waist for holding items such as swords, daggers, bugles, and horns.
1333:
of Florence, Italy wears a blue gown with a flared collar and tight undersleeves with horizontal trim. The uncorseted S-shaped figure is clearly shown, 1571.
869:
74:
4043:
505:. This was the only article of clothing that was worn by every woman, regardless of class. Wealthy women's smocks were embroidered and trimmed with narrow
1024:
5030:
4554:
2951:
1127:, thought to be Elizabeth I, shows her wearing a red gown with a fur lining. She wears a red flat hat over a small cap or caul that confines her hair.
4086:
2876:
396:
Elizabeth I wears padded shoulder rolls and an embroidered partlet and sleeves. Her low-necked chemise is just visible above the arched bodice, 1572.
2924:
2315:
1739:
1487:
694:
In a typical hairstyle of the period, front hair is curled and back hair is worn long, twisted and wound with ribbons and then coiled and pinned up.
988:
3095:
2309:
1992:
Hair was generally worn short, brushed back from the forehead. Longer styles were popular in the 1580s. In the 1590s, young men of fashion wore a
1544:
947:
2553:
62:, which began as a modest ruffle attached to the neckband of a shirt or smock and grew into a separate garment of fine linen, trimmed with lace,
1801:
2331:
1713:
1351:
881:
648:
circles reaching as far down as the waist. Ruffs also had a jewelry attachment such as glass beads, embroidery, gems, brooches or flowers. The
4390:
4121:
3711:
3121:
2484:
2113:, just as its name suggests, is trimmed to add emphasis to the roundness of the male cheekbones. Another common name for this style was the
2057:
1357:
1324:
1136:
3415:
Sarah A. Bendall, 'Whalebone and the Wardrobe of Elizabeth I: Whaling and the Making of Aristocratic Fashions in Sixteenth Century Europe',
4614:
1805:
1382:
4300:
Patterns of fashion 4: The cut and construction of linen shirts, smocks, neckwear, headwear and accessories for men and women c.1540-1660.
2306:
wears an embroidered black doublet with worked buttons and a matching robe. His high collar is worn open at the top in the French fashion.
2044:
maintain the style of their beards was to apply starch onto their groomed faces. The most popular styles of beards at this time include:
3741:
Patterns of fashion 4: The cut and construction of linen shirts, smocks, neckwear, headwear and accessories for men and women c.1540-1660
3295:
Patterns of fashion 4: The cut and construction of linen shirts, smocks, neckwear, headwear and accessories for men and women c.1540-1660
2163:
Late in the period, fashionable young men wore a plain gold ring, a jewelled earring, or a strand of black silk through one pierced ear.
3773:
2526:
1816:
1276:
2601:
2402:
1511:
5109:
4704:
3748:
3658:
3302:
2990:
2514:
2343:
4787:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4536:
2963:
wears a white gown with embroidery and pearls. Her hair is twisted and coiled against her head and pinned in place with pearls, 1560.
1863:
with long sleeves sewn or laced in place. Doublets were stiff, heavy garments, and were often reinforced with boning. Optionally, a
4480:
4462:
4448:
4419:
4405:
4375:
4344:
4336:
4322:
4292:
4278:
4155:
4096:
3907:
3627:
3619:
3511:
3326:
3278:
2966:
2312:
wears a jerkin with short slashed sleeves over a red satin doublet. His velvet hose are made in wide panes over a full lining, 1566.
4935:
4930:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
3065:
2858:
1475:
4619:
4590:
2589:
1564:
wears a cutwork cartwheel ruff. Her stomacher and wired heart-shaped coif are both decorated with blackwork embroidery, 1585β90.
5099:
4494:
2337:
2328:
wears a red doublet with gold embroidery and red paned hose in the same fashion. He also wears reddish silk stockings, c. 1560.
2294:
1584:
1530:
1445:
1336:
944:
in a gown with a high-arched bodice fur-lined "trumpet" sleeves, over a pink forepart and matching paned undersleeves, c. 1555.
111:
2300:
wears matching black doublet, paned hose, and robe trimmed with bands of gold braid or embroidery closed with jewels, c. 1550.
4509:
4433:
4307:
3689:
2730:
and coloured silk threads, trimmed with silver-gilt and silk thread fringe and tassel, and lined with pink linen, 1580β1600 (
2709:
2678:
2665:
2520:
2478:
1561:
1537:
1376:
1143:
908:
of the early 1550s features a loose gown of light-weight silk over a bodice and skirt (or kirtle) and an open-necked partlet.
649:
3824:
2804:
40:
lace ruff, (possibly) Polish ornamentation, a French farthingale, and Spanish severity: The "Ermine Portrait" of Elizabeth I
3041:
5094:
4729:
4606:
2088:
was, at the time, a common name for the beard, but it referred specifically to a mustache finely groomed to a pointed tip.
1176:
87:
490:(later Countess of Southampton) at her dressing table wears an embroidered linen jacket over her rose-pink corset, 1590s.
3109:
2816:
2504:
1124:
905:
4072:
The date of 1549 on the portrait of her husband refers to the date of his execution, not of the painting, see notes at
2766:
were worn over delicate indoor shoes to protect them from the muck of the streets. A variant on the patten popular in
1641:
4709:
4699:
2684:
2340:
wears an embroidered black jerkin with long bases or skirts over a white satin doublet and matching padded hose, 1566.
2303:
1169:
1163:
1157:
969:
963:
wears a cloth-of-red velvet gown with "trumpet" sleeves and a gold neckline with a gold embroidered overpartlet, 1557.
941:
2731:
4013:
2216:
1240:
746:
and vinegar. While this makeup was effective, the white lead made it poisonous. Women in this time often contracted
5042:
5020:
4651:
3017:
2936:
2384:
1859:
and matching wrist ruffs, which were laundered with starch to be kept stiff and bright. Over the shirt men wore a
1779:
1722:
1433:
1204:
928:
857:
644:
Jewelry was also popular among those that could afford it. Necklaces were beaded gold or silver chains and worn in
551:
remained in fashion into the early 17th century. It was only briefly fashionable in France, where a padded roll or
233:
for stiffening purposes were used to gain geometric effect with emphasis on giving the illusion of a small waist".
2028:
continued to be worn by children and older men under their hats or alone indoors; men's coifs were usually black.
950:
wears a dark gown trimmed or lined in fur over fitted undersleeves. A chain is knotted at her neck. England, 1557.
325:
The origins of the trend for sombre colours are elusive, but are generally attributed to the growing influence of
5068:
4721:
4636:
4595:
2474:
2349:
2246:
1605:
1318:
1036:
911:
162:
Italian doublet and hose decorated with applied trim and parallel cuts contrast with a severe black jerkin, 1560.
4051:
3053:
2969:, c. 1570. The girls wear gowns of striped fabric trimmed with bands of black, with linen chemises and partlets.
1947:
with rounded toes, with slashes early in the period and ties over the instep later. Boots were worn for riding.
1574:. Her blackwork sleeves have sheer linen oversleeves, and she wears wired veil with bands of gold lace, 1585β90.
1321:
over a stomacher and an open chemise are characteristic of Venetian fashion. The skirt is gathered at the waist.
373:
5114:
5037:
4925:
4902:
4897:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4834:
4656:
4200:
4196:
2900:
2668:
shows a linen cartwheel ruff with lace (possibly reticella) edging and the stylish small pointed beard of 1585.
1808:
in the narrow fashions of the 1560s: Ruff, doublet, slashed leather jerkin, and paned trunk hose with codpiece.
1752:
1343:
in a brocade gown and a partlet with a lattice of jewels, 1571. The lattice partlet is a common French fashion.
1306:
349:), alone or as an over-dye with woad, to produce a wide range of colours from blacks and greys through browns,
2840:
4527:
2462:
4629:
4352:
3151:
2438:
2270:
1926:
form of pansied slops with a very full inner layer pulled out between the panes and hanging below the knee.
1114:
938:
wears Venetian fashion of 1555. The front-lacing bodice remained fashionable in Italy and the German States.
675:
158:
3925:"Irish mantles, English nationalism: apparel and national identity in early modern English and Irish texts"
3852:"Irish mantles, English nationalism: apparel and national identity in early modern English and Irish texts"
3583:
Munro, John H. "Medieval Woollens: Textiles, Technology, and Organisation". In Jenkins (2003), pp. 214β215.
2258:
2174:
1228:
4714:
2625:
2017:
became fashionable. These became very tall toward the end of century. Hats were decorated with a jewel or
1732:
1463:
1048:
638:
195:
140:
1409:
5058:
2353:
1499:
1421:
1111:
wears a black loose gown over a bodice and a sheer linen partlet. Her brown gloves have tan cuffs, 1560.
637:
or "flea furs". The most expensive zibellini had faces and paws of goldsmith's work with jewelled eyes.
2577:
2450:
2420:
1294:
1216:
1150:
wears a black gown with puffed upper sleeves over a striped high-necked bodice or doublet. She wears a
779:
663:
1096:
1060:
839:
631:
spread from continental Europe into England in this period; costume historians call these accessories
3366:
3124:
wears an open-fronted gown laced over a kirtle and a chemise with narrow ruffs at neck and wrists. A
2987:
of Ammerzoden, aged 8, wears a red velvet dress with embroidery and several gold chains. Dutch, 1586.
2984:
2960:
2945:
2297:
1593:, wears a black bodice with pointed shoulder pads, a high collar with a ruff. A coif covers her hair.
3029:
2334:
wears a shirt trimmed in black on ruff and sleeve ruffles. He wears a belt pouch at his waist. 1563.
1695:
1160:
bodice fastens with small gold buttons and loops. A double row of loops trims the shoulder, 1560β65.
1072:
1012:
578:
78:
Isaac Oliver's allegorical painting of 1590β95 contrasts virtuous and licentious dress and behavior.
5073:
4771:
4472:
2957:
2717:
2706:(d. 1598) in old age. Spanish fashion changed very little from the 1560s to the end of the century.
2658:
2372:
2192:
1824:
1084:
935:
738:
To further lighten their complexion, women wore white make-up on their faces. This make-up, called
595:
1659:
1258:
5063:
4766:
4073:
3972:
as Luxury Accessories of the Renaissance", in Robin Netherton and Gale R. Owen-Crocker, editors,
3944:
3871:
3548:
3178:
2792:
2655:
2325:
1860:
1836:
1772:
1617:
1397:
966:
815:
245:
221:
Regarding fabrics and materials for the clothes construction, only royalty was permitted to wear
107:
103:
3525:
2282:
1340:
1192:
791:
718:
was worn throughout the period in both France and England. Another fashionable headdress was a
368:
By the end of the period, there was a sharp distinction between the sober fashions favoured by
5025:
4850:
4686:
4661:
4646:
4505:
4490:
4476:
4458:
4444:
4429:
4415:
4401:
4386:
4371:
4340:
4332:
4318:
4303:
4288:
4274:
4151:
4117:
4092:
3903:
3769:
3744:
3707:
3685:
3654:
3623:
3615:
3507:
3322:
3298:
3274:
2703:
2508:
2507:
features very short pansied slops over canions and peascode-bellied doublets and jerkins, the
2481:, wears doublet and matching cape with the high collar and figure-of-eight ruff of c. 1573β74.
334:
3083:
2774:β a platform-soled mule that raised the wearer sometimes as high as two feet off the ground.
1000:
365:, while a variety of common plants produced yellow dyes, although most were prone to fading.
4992:
4987:
4982:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4827:
4761:
3936:
3863:
3540:
3420:
3198:
2783:
2671:
2517:
in a peascod-bellied doublet with full sleeves under a buff jerkin with matching hose, 1577.
2357:
1864:
1716:
1629:
765:
487:
449:
362:
2687:
wears the Queen's colors (black and white). His cloak is lined and collared with fur, 1588.
893:
4691:
4253:
3203:
3193:
3183:
1994:
1923:
1874:
1856:
1755:
1726:
1523:
739:
719:
263:
241:
206:
199:
167:
59:
3253:
Civilization and Capitalism, 15thβ18th Centuries, Vol 1: The Structures of Everyday Life,
2888:
170:
grew from a narrow frill at neck and wrists to a broad "cartwheel" style that required a
4671:
2828:
1683:
827:
4641:
2723:
2541:
1981:
1547:
wears a black gown and full white sleeves trimmed with gold lace or braid. She wears a
747:
520:
were generally made of woven wool sewn to shape and held in place with ribbon garters.
230:
214:
3799:
2712:
wears a fur-lined robe with hanging sleeves over a slashed doublet and hose, with the
2643:
5088:
4892:
3552:
2713:
2125:
1820:
577:). Partlets worn over the smock but under the kirtle and gown were typically made of
4285:
Patterns of Fashion: the cut and construction of clothes for men and women 1560β1620
3948:
3875:
3504:
Patterns of Fashion: the cut and construction of clothes for men and women 1560β1620
2751:
2565:
671:
483:
17:
4546:
3736:
3290:
2939:
wears an unusual doublet (or robe?) that appears to fasten up the back, Italy, 1551
2743:
607:
Besides keeping warm, Elizabethans cloaks were useful for any type of weather; the
464:
384:
346:
136:
4400:, Dover Publications reprint, 1963, from 1928 Harrap translation from the German,
3391:
1831:
1812:
768:
was used to darken the eyelashes and enhance the size and appearance of the eyes.
66:
or embroidery, and shaped into crisp, precise folds with starch and heated irons.
4457:, Volume 2, Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK, and Rochester, NY, the Boydell Press, 2006,
3897:
3828:
2981:
at table wear brownish doublets and slops over cannions, the Low Countries, 1585.
400:
Women's outer clothing generally consisted of a loose or fitted gown worn over a
3188:
3099:
2727:
2095:
is a small portion of the beard easing to a point around the centre of the chin.
1548:
922:
757:
715:
540:
436:. Gowns were made in a variety of styles: Loose or fitted (called in England a
369:
358:
342:
303:
267:
257:
171:
144:
32:
3367:"Daily Life - Renaissance and Reformation Reference Library | Encyclopedia.com"
513:
wore linen or silk drawers, but no evidence that drawers were worn in England.
4541:
2529:
wears a pinked white doublet with worked buttons and a plain linen ruff, 1579.
743:
645:
544:
183:
120:
55:
1719:, Countess of Shrewsbury, wears a black gown and cap with a linen ruff, 1590.
3424:
3208:
3168:
3005:
wears a black jacket, black silk breeches, a ruff and hat, Netherlands, 1599
2948:
wears fashionable dresses suitable for aristocratic daughters in Italy, 1555
2694:
2498:
1972:
1936:
1788:
1151:
764:
were used as dyes to achieve the bright red effects on the cheeks and lips.
761:
753:
633:
590:
510:
495:
405:
287:
283:
175:
37:
3940:
3867:
2999:
wears a lace trimmed coif, lace collar and a lace apron, Netherlands, 1596
2147:, although it is greater in length and it is more noticeably spread apart.
656:
While travelling, noblewomen would wear oval masks of black velvet called
3125:
2356:
in a black jerkin over a white satin doublet decorated with a pattern of
2103:
1878:
1745:
1347:
1147:
723:
354:
319:
116:
51:
54:
was characterized by increased opulence. Contrasting fabrics, slashes,
4088:
The Anatomy of Fashion: Dressing the Body from the Renaissance to Today
3544:
2771:
2762:
2018:
608:
568:
502:
338:
299:
279:
271:
179:
63:
4756:
4522:
4223:
Cunnington, C. Willett; Phillis Cunnington and Charles Beard (1960).
3341:
2767:
2068:
1968:
1964:
1363:
973:
657:
628:
524:
456:
401:
350:
330:
311:
295:
226:
152:
148:
128:
99:
95:
48:
2136:; a very sleek trim of the beard in which is cuts close to the chin.
2024:
Close-fitting caps covering the ears and tied under the chin called
123:
countries became more pronounced. The severe, rigid fashions of the
1975:, were fashionable. Long cloaks were worn in cold and wet weather.
573:
A low neckline might be filled with an infill (called in English a
4624:
2750:
2742:
2060:
in 1596. It resembles a large and discussed growth upon the chin.
1956:
1944:
1913:
were loose hose reaching just below the knee. Slops could also be
1852:
1849:
1830:
1819:
wears a stiffened, gathered hat with a jeweled band. He wears the
1811:
1570:
wears a cartwheel ruff slightly open at the front, supported by a
697:
670:
662:
624:
600:
499:
482:
391:
383:
326:
275:
222:
157:
132:
124:
91:
73:
31:
4116:. Great Britain: National Trust Enterprises Limited. p. 28.
3743:. Hollywood, CA: Quite Specific Media Group. pp. 13, 50β51.
3706:. Great Britain: National Trust Enterprises Limited. p. 20.
1839:
wears an embroidered cape with a collar over his doublet c. 1580.
3173:
2025:
1976:
1960:
925:, instead of the traditional white coif, ornamented with pearls.
707:
689:
506:
307:
291:
262:
The general trend towards abundant surface ornamentation in the
4550:
2782:
Toddler boys wore gowns or skirts and doublets until they were
599:
over their dresses for riding or travel on dirty roads. Hooded
4150:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 59.
2002:
620:
315:
3899:
Fashion and Fancy: Dress and Meaning in Rembrandt's Paintings
3526:"East &West: Textiles and Fashion in Early Modern Europe"
2973:
Infantas Isabella Clara Eugenia and Catalina Micaela of Spain
2491:
doublet over heavily padded hose. His shirt has a small ruff.
1893:, fitted hose that ended above the knee. Trunk hose could be
1889:
were short padded hose. Very short trunk hose were worn over
4368:
Dynasties: Painting in Tudor and Jacobean England 1530β1630
2035:
was worn informally indoors; these were often embroidered.
4502:
A survey of historic costume: A history of Western dress.
4414:, translated by Claudia Rosoux, Paul Hamlyn/Crown, 1968,
3297:. Hollywood, CA: Quite Specific Media Group. p. 10.
2993:
wears a coif, ruff, and lace-trimmed cuffs, England, 1590
4410:
KybalovΓ‘, Ludmila, Olga HerbenovΓ‘, and Milena LamarovΓ‘:
4038:
4036:
4034:
3682:
A survey of historic costume: A history of Western dress
3440:. New York: Pub Drama Book Publishers. pp. 230β233.
3984:
3982:
2005:
with a gathered crown was worn. These derived from the
1327:
by Alonso SΓ‘nchez Coello wearing Spanish fashion, 1571.
420:
The common upper garment was a gown, called in Spanish
2700:, or with the sleeves hanging in front and back, 1588.
2031:
A conical cap of linen with a turned up brim called a
4542:
Power Dressing and Renaissance Fashion: Sarah Bendall
4453:
Netherton, Robin, and Gale R. Owen-Crocker, editors,
4242:. New York, NY: Dover Publications. pp. 227β274.
357:. Inexpensive reds, oranges and pinks were dyed with
4329:
The Visual History of Costume: The Sixteenth Century
3612:
The Visual History of Costume: The Sixteenth Century
3102:
in contemporary dress shows a table servant wearing
1998:, a long section of hair hanging over one shoulder.
1932:
were semi-fitted hose reaching just below the knee.
5051:
5008:
4975:
4944:
4913:
4843:
4780:
4679:
4605:
4426:
The Tudor tailor: Reconstructing 16th-century dress
4008:
4006:
3651:
The Tudor tailor: Reconstructing 16th-century dress
2726:of red satin, couched and embroidered with silver,
3158:with full skirts, hose, hats, and low shoes, 1594.
692:and false hairpieces were used to extend the hair.
266:was expressed in clothing, especially amongst the
4302:Hollywood, CA: Quite Specific Media Group, 2008,
3336:
3334:
4315:The Art of Dress: Clothing and Society 1500β1914
4148:Renaissance Clothing and the Materials of Memory
4146:Jones, Ann Rosalind; Stallybrass, Peter (2000).
4014:"The Painted Lady-Tudor Portraits at the Ferens"
3240:The Art of Dress: Clothing and Society 1500β1914
1551:with a jewelled biliment and a black veil, 1582.
3255:p. 317, William Collins & Sons, London 1981
4528:Description Of Elizabethan England, 1577(from
4218:
4216:
4214:
4114:The Art of Dress Clothes and Society 1500-1914
3704:The Art of Dress Clothes and Society 1500-1915
3649:Mikhaila, Ninya; Malcolm-Davies, Jane (2006).
106:, handed over the kingdom of Spain to his son
27:Costume in the second half of the 16th century
4562:
4169:
4167:
3968:Sherrill, Tawny: "Fleas, Furs, and Fashions:
3819:
3817:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3438:A Visual History of Costume: The 16th Century
678:in a widow's black hood and veil, after 1559.
143:wardrobe records identifies French, Italian,
8:
4439:Montupet, Janine, and Ghislaine Schoeller:
4424:Mikhaila, Ninya, and Malcolm-Davies, Jane:
3800:"Recreating 16th and 17th Century Clothing"
3498:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3317:Montupet, Janine, and Ghislaine Schoeller:
1555:The Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain
4569:
4555:
4547:
3684:, New York: Fairchild Publications, 1994,
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3636:
1848:Men's fashionable clothing consisted of a
1749:over a sheer linen cap and simple jewelry.
1177:Sisters Ermengard and Walburg von Rietberg
539:Skirts were held in the proper shape by a
4532:), Chapter VII: Of Our Apparel And Attire
4383:The Cambridge History of Western Textiles
4287:, Macmillan 1985. Revised edition 1986. (
3929:Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies
3856:Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies
3726:Kemper, Rachel H: "Costume", 1992, pp. 82
3606:
3604:
3602:
3524:Lemire, Beverly; Riello, Giorgio (2008).
3506:, Macmillan 1985. Revised edition 1986. (
1877:, in variety of styles, were worn with a
1339:is portrayed by the French court painter
726:wore black hoods with sheer black veils.
4504:New York, Fairchild Publications, 1994,
3768:. Yale University Press. pp. 6β12.
3566:
3564:
3562:
1800:
619:The fashion for wearing or carrying the
329:and possibly the importation of Spanish
240:Not only fabrics were restricted on the
4207:. London: Adam & Charles Black LTD.
3219:
3013:
2788:
2693:wears a loose military jacket called a
2537:
2368:
2170:
1792:or flea-fur, with a jeweled face, 1595.
1601:
1393:
1188:
984:
775:
1905:) over a full inner layer or lining.
5105:History of clothing (Western fashion)
4273:, W S Maney and Son Ltd, Leeds 1988.
4044:"Beauty History: The Elizabethan Era"
3896:Winkel, Marieke de (1 January 2006).
3273:, W S Maney and Son Ltd, Leeds 1988.
660:to protect their faces from the sun.
444:or long sleeves; and floor length (a
302:were further ornamented with applied
7:
4615:Prehistory of nakedness and clothing
4385:, Cambridge University Press, 2003,
3265:
3263:
3261:
2497:'s shirt collar is embroidered with
4271:Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd
4227:. London: Adam & Charles Black.
3453:Daily Life in Ancient Modern London
3271:Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd
1115:Margaret Audley, Duchess of Norfolk
706:A close-fitting linen cap called a
4363:. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1964.
3392:"Putting on an Elizabethan Outfit"
3106:with full, drooping linings, 1565.
1154:cap beneath a sheer veil, 1560β65.
667:Curled hair, twisted and pinned up
25:
4412:Pictorial Encyclopedia of Fashion
2071:. It is also very similar to the
2021:, and were worn indoors and out.
2001:Through the 1570s, a soft fabric
1963:, usually hip-length, often with
1578:Infanta Catalina Micaela of Spain
1562:Nicholas Hilliard's Unknown Woman
1325:Consort of Spain, Anna of Austria
155:and sleeves, as well as Spanish.
4670:
4591:History of clothing and textiles
3653:. London: Batsford. p. 20.
3082:
3064:
3052:
3040:
3028:
3016:
2923:
2911:
2899:
2887:
2875:
2857:
2839:
2827:
2815:
2803:
2791:
2642:
2624:
2612:
2600:
2588:
2576:
2564:
2552:
2540:
2461:
2449:
2437:
2419:
2401:
2383:
2371:
2281:
2269:
2257:
2245:
2227:
2215:
2203:
2191:
2173:
1806:Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester
1694:
1682:
1670:
1658:
1640:
1628:
1616:
1604:
1510:
1498:
1486:
1474:
1462:
1444:
1432:
1420:
1408:
1396:
1305:
1293:
1275:
1257:
1239:
1227:
1215:
1203:
1191:
1164:Isabel de Valois, Queen of Spain
1095:
1083:
1071:
1059:
1047:
1035:
1023:
1011:
999:
987:
976:over her shoulders, later 1550s.
892:
880:
868:
856:
838:
826:
814:
802:
790:
778:
127:were dominant everywhere except
4998:impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
4489:. Yale University Press, 2001,
4225:A Dictionary of English Costume
4205:A Dictionary of English Costume
4184:Patterns of Fashion...1560β1620
2666:Miniature of Sir Walter Raleigh
1367:were worn in the 19th century).
961:Mary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk
45:Fashion in the period 1550β1600
4523:The Elizabethan Costuming Page
4487:The Corset: A Cultural History
4455:Medieval Clothing and Textiles
3974:Medieval Clothing and Textiles
3902:. Amsterdam University Press.
3766:The Corset: A Cultural History
2521:Miniature of the Duc d'Alençon
2479:Henry III of France and Poland
2332:Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk
2106:in which it obtained its name.
1131:Woman wearing a red silk dress
650:jewels of Mary, Queen of Scots
110:and the Empire to his brother
1:
3142:
3129:
3072:
2865:
2847:
2632:
2427:
2409:
2391:
2235:
2181:
2124:derives from the design of a
1702:
1648:
1452:
1377:Nicholas Hilliard's miniature
1283:
1265:
1247:
846:
463:that fastened with lacing or
4469:Tudor and Jacobean Jewellery
2056:, which was named after the
1773:Italian fashion of the 1590s
1170:Portrait of Elsbeth Lochmann
604:the knees for extra warmth.
547:. In Spain, the cone-shaped
494:During this period, women's
4914:1920sβ1950s Western fashion
4844:1830sβ1910s Western fashion
4781:1500sβ1820s Western fashion
4370:. New York: Rizzoli, 1995.
4173:Tortora (1994), pp. 158160.
3455:. Online Book. p. 127.
2102:is shaped similarly to the
970:Mary Nevill, Baroness Dacre
702:Ribboned hairstyles ca 1570
416:Gown, kirtle, and petticoat
202:women was never forgotten.
182:lace that evolved into the
5131:
4428:. London: Batsford, 2006,
1538:Ladies of the French court
566:
255:
36:English opulence, Italian
5110:Medieval European costume
4668:
4596:History of fashion design
4585:
4359:Digby, George Wingfield.
3923:Zeigler, John R. (2013).
3850:Zeigler, John R. (2013).
3570:Digby, George Wingfield:
3533:Journal of Social History
2755:Elizabeth I's shoes, 1592
2534:Style gallery 1580sβ1590s
2167:Style gallery 1550sβ1560s
1901:, with strips of fabric (
954:Bianca Ponzoni Anguissola
314:embroidery, spangles and
4921:Suffrage Movement period
4537:Fathingales and Bumrolls
4203:; Charles Beard (1960).
4112:Ashelford, Jane (1996).
3802:. The Renaissance Tailor
3764:Steele, Valerie (2001).
3702:Ashelford, Jane (1996).
3472:World History in Context
3451:Norris, Herbert (1997).
2952:François Duke of Alençon
498:consisted of a washable
428:, and in English either
4580:of clothing and fashion
4353:20,000 Years of Fashion
4136:Tortora (1994), p. 157.
4085:Vincent, Susan (2009).
3976:, Volume 2, pp. 121β150
3825:"Late Period Outerware"
3788:Mikhaila (2006), p. 21.
3594:20,000 Years of Fashion
3425:10.4000/apparences.3653
3228:20,000 Years of Fashion
2777:
2344:Highnecked black jerkin
2310:Don Gabriel de la Cueva
1988:Hairstyles and headgear
1796:
1133:, with slashed sleeves.
683:Hairstyles and headgear
379:
5100:16th century in Europe
4530:Holinshed's Chronicles
4361:Elizabethan Embroidery
4197:Cunnington, C. Willett
3988:Tortora (1994), p. 167
3572:Elizabethan Embroidery
3436:Arnold, Janet (1983).
3396:elizabethancostume.net
3346:elizabethan-era.org.uk
3110:Dutch vegetable seller
3010:Working class clothing
2756:
2748:
2710:Sir Christopher Hatton
2495:Sir Christopher Hatton
1881:early in the period.
1840:
1828:
1809:
1125:The Gripsholm Portrait
936:Titian's Lady in White
703:
679:
668:
536:, wood, or whalebone.
491:
397:
389:
163:
79:
41:
5009:By country and region
4441:Lace: The Elegant Web
4356:, Harry Abrams, 1966.
4238:Kohler, Carl (1963).
4048:Beautiful With Brains
3941:10.1353/jem.2013.0001
3868:10.1353/jem.2013.0001
3319:Lace: The Elegant Web
2991:A five-year-old child
2754:
2746:
2354:Henry Lee of Ditchley
1834:
1815:
1804:
1158:Isabella de' Medici's
701:
674:
666:
555:(called in England a
486:
448:) or with a trailing
395:
387:
186:of the 17th century.
161:
77:
35:
5095:16th-century fashion
4976:2000βpresent fashion
4467:Scarisbrick, Diana,
4398:A History of Costume
4381:Jenkins, David, ed.
4240:A History of Costume
4091:. Berg. p. 49.
3466:Toht, David (2001).
3371:www.encyclopedia.com
3139:Italian fruit seller
3122:English countrywoman
3116:Flemish country folk
3003:Hector van Bouricius
2985:Catherine van Arckel
2961:Marguerite of Valois
2946:Sofonisba Anguissola
2515:Sir Martin Frobisher
2475:Henry, Duke of Anjou
2338:Charles IX of France
2298:Edward VI of England
2141:Swallow's Tail Beard
1786:, and she carries a
1780:Unknown English lady
1371:Mary, Queen of Scots
1337:Elizabeth of Austria
942:Catherine de' Medici
676:Catherine de' Medici
18:1550β1600 in fashion
5016:Indian subcontinent
4945:1960s-1990s fashion
4350:Boucher, François:
4254:"Elizabethan Shoes"
4074:Image:LadyDacre.jpg
4054:on 13 February 2015
3592:Boucher, François:
3226:Boucher, François:
2958:The French princess
2937:Francesco de Medici
2747:Men's shoes c. 1600
2718:Order of the Garter
2659:Johan III of Sweden
2365:Style gallery 1570s
2316:Prospero Alessandri
1825:Order of the Garter
1817:The Earl of Lincoln
1598:Style gallery 1590s
1390:Style gallery 1580s
1185:Style gallery 1570s
1137:Mary Queen of Scots
981:Style gallery 1560s
772:Style gallery 1550s
549:Spanish farthingale
374:seventeenth century
139:in her analysis of
4500:Tortora, Phyllis:
4366:Hearn, Karen, ed.
4201:Phillis Cunnington
3999:History of Costume
3798:Tammie L. Dupuis.
3680:Tortora, Phyllis:
3545:10.1353/jsh.0.0019
2778:Children's fashion
2757:
2749:
2704:Philip II of Spain
2685:Sir Walter Raleigh
2326:Eric XIV of Sweden
2304:Antoine de Bourbon
1841:
1837:John III of Sweden
1829:
1810:
1350:painting c. 1572,
906:Florentine fashion
704:
680:
669:
589:Women wore sturdy
553:French farthingale
492:
398:
390:
164:
104:Holy Roman Emperor
80:
42:
5082:
5081:
4485:Steele, Valerie:
4391:978-0-52134-107-3
4339:), 1994 reprint (
4327:Ashelford, Jane.
4313:Ashelford, Jane:
4123:978-0-8109-6317-7
3713:978-0-8109-6317-7
3622:), 1994 reprint (
3610:Ashelford, Jane:
3596:, pp. 219 and 244
3574:, Thomas Yoseloff
3342:"ELIZABETHAN ERA"
3251:Fernand Braudel,
3238:Ashelford, Jane:
3152:English gardeners
2954:, France, 1556β58
2698:colley-westonward
2509:Valois Tapestries
2485:An Italian tailor
2358:armillary spheres
2079:style of beards.
1924:Northern European
1585:Elizabeth Brydges
1331:Leonora di Toledo
1319:Horizontal lacing
1109:Eleanor of Toledo
742:, was made up of
335:The Low Countries
252:Fabrics and trims
190:Elizabethan style
141:Queen Elizabeth's
16:(Redirected from
5122:
4828:Directoire style
4674:
4571:
4564:
4557:
4548:
4331:. 1983 edition (
4317:, Abrams, 1996.
4258:
4257:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4235:
4229:
4228:
4220:
4209:
4208:
4193:
4187:
4180:
4174:
4171:
4162:
4161:
4143:
4137:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4082:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4050:. Archived from
4040:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4010:
4001:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3977:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3827:. Archived from
3821:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3795:
3789:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3699:
3693:
3692:, pages 164β165.
3678:
3665:
3664:
3646:
3631:
3614:, 1983 edition (
3608:
3597:
3590:
3584:
3581:
3575:
3568:
3557:
3556:
3530:
3521:
3515:
3500:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3433:
3427:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3338:
3329:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3287:
3281:
3267:
3256:
3249:
3243:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3147:
3144:
3134:
3131:
3098:painting of the
3086:
3077:
3074:
3068:
3056:
3044:
3032:
3020:
2967:Italian children
2927:
2915:
2903:
2891:
2879:
2870:
2867:
2861:
2852:
2849:
2843:
2831:
2819:
2807:
2795:
2646:
2637:
2634:
2628:
2616:
2604:
2592:
2580:
2568:
2556:
2544:
2465:
2453:
2441:
2432:
2429:
2423:
2414:
2411:
2405:
2396:
2393:
2387:
2375:
2285:
2273:
2261:
2249:
2240:
2237:
2231:
2219:
2207:
2195:
2186:
2183:
2177:
2058:CΓ‘diz Expedition
1967:, or a military
1717:Bess of Hardwick
1707:
1704:
1698:
1686:
1674:
1662:
1653:
1650:
1644:
1632:
1620:
1608:
1514:
1502:
1490:
1478:
1466:
1457:
1454:
1448:
1436:
1424:
1412:
1400:
1309:
1297:
1288:
1285:
1279:
1270:
1267:
1261:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1231:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1099:
1087:
1075:
1063:
1051:
1039:
1027:
1015:
1003:
991:
948:An unknown woman
896:
884:
872:
860:
851:
848:
842:
830:
818:
806:
794:
782:
503:chemise or smock
488:Elizabeth Vernon
21:
5130:
5129:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5115:Elizabethan era
5085:
5084:
5083:
5078:
5047:
5004:
4971:
4940:
4909:
4839:
4776:
4675:
4666:
4601:
4600:
4581:
4575:
4519:
4473:Tate Publishing
4298:Arnold, Janet:
4283:Arnold, Janet:
4269:Arnold, Janet:
4266:
4261:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4222:
4221:
4212:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4181:
4177:
4172:
4165:
4158:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4135:
4131:
4124:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4099:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4071:
4067:
4057:
4055:
4042:
4041:
4032:
4022:
4020:
4012:
4011:
4004:
3996:
3992:
3987:
3980:
3967:
3963:
3953:
3951:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3910:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3880:
3878:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3834:
3832:
3823:
3822:
3815:
3805:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3783:
3776:
3775:978-030009071-0
3763:
3762:
3758:
3751:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3725:
3721:
3714:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3679:
3668:
3661:
3648:
3647:
3634:
3609:
3600:
3591:
3587:
3582:
3578:
3569:
3560:
3528:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3502:Arnold, Janet:
3501:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3468:"Tudor Custome"
3465:
3464:
3460:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3414:
3410:
3400:
3398:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3375:
3373:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3350:
3348:
3340:
3339:
3332:
3316:
3312:
3305:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3269:Arnold, Janet:
3268:
3259:
3250:
3246:
3242:, Abrams, 1996.
3237:
3233:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3184:Elizabethan era
3165:
3145:
3132:
3090:
3087:
3078:
3075:
3069:
3060:
3057:
3048:
3045:
3036:
3033:
3024:
3021:
3012:
2931:
2928:
2919:
2916:
2907:
2904:
2895:
2892:
2883:
2880:
2871:
2868:
2862:
2853:
2850:
2844:
2835:
2832:
2823:
2820:
2811:
2808:
2799:
2796:
2780:
2741:
2672:Sir Henry Unton
2650:
2647:
2638:
2635:
2629:
2620:
2617:
2608:
2605:
2596:
2593:
2584:
2581:
2572:
2569:
2560:
2557:
2548:
2545:
2536:
2469:
2466:
2457:
2454:
2445:
2442:
2433:
2430:
2424:
2415:
2412:
2406:
2397:
2394:
2388:
2379:
2376:
2367:
2289:
2286:
2277:
2274:
2265:
2262:
2253:
2250:
2241:
2238:
2232:
2223:
2220:
2211:
2208:
2199:
2196:
2187:
2184:
2178:
2169:
2154:
2073:'Pick-a-devant
2041:
1990:
1953:
1855:with collar or
1846:
1799:
1756:Maria de Medici
1708:
1705:
1699:
1690:
1687:
1678:
1675:
1666:
1663:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1636:
1633:
1624:
1621:
1612:
1609:
1600:
1524:Lettice Knollys
1518:
1515:
1506:
1503:
1494:
1491:
1482:
1479:
1470:
1467:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1440:
1437:
1428:
1425:
1416:
1413:
1404:
1401:
1392:
1383:German fashion:
1341:François Clouet
1313:
1310:
1301:
1298:
1289:
1286:
1280:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1235:
1232:
1223:
1220:
1211:
1208:
1199:
1196:
1187:
1103:
1100:
1091:
1088:
1079:
1076:
1067:
1064:
1055:
1052:
1043:
1040:
1031:
1028:
1019:
1016:
1007:
1004:
995:
992:
983:
900:
897:
888:
885:
876:
873:
864:
861:
852:
849:
843:
834:
831:
822:
819:
810:
807:
798:
795:
786:
783:
774:
732:
695:
693:
685:
639:Queen Elizabeth
617:
587:
571:
565:
481:
471:of the skirts.
418:
382:
380:Women's fashion
361:and blues with
353:, purples, and
264:Elizabethan Era
260:
254:
242:Elizabethan era
207:Elizabethan era
192:
85:
72:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5128:
5126:
5118:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5087:
5086:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5055:
5053:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5023:
5018:
5012:
5010:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
5001:
5000:
4990:
4985:
4979:
4977:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4948:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4724:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4694:
4689:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4676:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4617:
4611:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4525:
4518:
4517:External links
4515:
4514:
4513:
4498:
4483:
4465:
4451:
4437:
4422:
4408:
4396:KΓ΅hler, Carl:
4394:
4379:
4364:
4357:
4348:
4325:
4311:
4296:
4281:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4245:
4230:
4210:
4188:
4175:
4163:
4156:
4138:
4129:
4122:
4104:
4097:
4077:
4065:
4030:
4002:
3990:
3978:
3961:
3915:
3908:
3888:
3842:
3813:
3790:
3781:
3774:
3756:
3750:978-0896762626
3749:
3728:
3719:
3712:
3694:
3666:
3660:978-0713489859
3659:
3632:
3598:
3585:
3576:
3558:
3539:(4): 887β916.
3516:
3484:
3458:
3443:
3428:
3408:
3383:
3358:
3330:
3310:
3304:978-0896762626
3303:
3282:
3257:
3244:
3231:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
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3171:
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3149:
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3063:
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3034:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2955:
2949:
2943:The sisters of
2940:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2886:
2884:
2881:
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2863:
2856:
2854:
2845:
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2826:
2824:
2821:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2790:
2779:
2776:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2734:no. 793β1901).
2732:V&A Museum
2721:
2707:
2701:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2669:
2663:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2641:
2639:
2630:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2505:French fashion
2502:
2492:
2482:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2436:
2434:
2425:
2418:
2416:
2407:
2400:
2398:
2389:
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2370:
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2362:
2361:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2320:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2244:
2242:
2233:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2190:
2188:
2179:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2137:
2130:
2118:
2107:
2100:Stiletto Beard
2096:
2089:
2082:
2061:
2040:
2037:
1989:
1986:
1982:Academic dress
1952:
1949:
1845:
1842:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1777:
1770:
1760:
1753:Italian style:
1750:
1737:
1730:
1720:
1710:
1709:
1700:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1681:
1679:
1676:
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1657:
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1552:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1461:
1459:
1450:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1355:
1344:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1292:
1290:
1281:
1274:
1272:
1263:
1256:
1254:
1245:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1141:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1112:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1010:
1008:
1005:
998:
996:
993:
986:
982:
979:
978:
977:
964:
958:
951:
945:
939:
933:
926:
916:
909:
902:
901:
898:
891:
889:
886:
879:
877:
874:
867:
865:
862:
855:
853:
844:
837:
835:
832:
825:
823:
820:
813:
811:
808:
801:
799:
796:
789:
787:
784:
777:
773:
770:
748:lead poisoning
731:
728:
684:
681:
616:
613:
586:
583:
567:Main article:
564:
561:
530:pair of bodies
480:
477:
465:hooks and eyes
440:); with short
417:
414:
410:shoulder rolls
381:
378:
253:
250:
215:sumptuary laws
191:
188:
84:
81:
71:
70:General trends
68:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5127:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5044:
5043:Western world
5041:
5039:
5036:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5007:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4912:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4836:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4779:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4673:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4579:
4572:
4567:
4565:
4560:
4558:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4516:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4482:
4481:1-85437-158-4
4478:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4464:
4463:1-84383-203-8
4460:
4456:
4452:
4450:
4449:0-8109-3553-8
4446:
4442:
4438:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4421:
4420:1-199-57117-2
4417:
4413:
4409:
4407:
4406:0-486-21030-8
4403:
4399:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4377:
4376:0-8478-1940-X
4373:
4369:
4365:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4346:
4345:0-7134-6828-9
4342:
4338:
4337:0-89676-076-6
4334:
4330:
4326:
4324:
4323:0-8109-6317-5
4320:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4293:0-89676-083-9
4290:
4286:
4282:
4280:
4279:0-901286-20-6
4276:
4272:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4255:
4249:
4246:
4241:
4234:
4231:
4226:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4179:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4159:
4157:0-521-78663-0
4153:
4149:
4142:
4139:
4133:
4130:
4125:
4119:
4115:
4108:
4105:
4100:
4098:9781845207632
4094:
4090:
4089:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4069:
4066:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4019:
4015:
4009:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3994:
3991:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3962:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3919:
3916:
3911:
3909:9789053569177
3905:
3901:
3900:
3892:
3889:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3846:
3843:
3831:on 8 May 2012
3830:
3826:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3801:
3794:
3791:
3785:
3782:
3777:
3771:
3767:
3760:
3757:
3752:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3737:Arnold, Janet
3732:
3729:
3723:
3720:
3715:
3709:
3705:
3698:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3656:
3652:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3628:0-7134-6828-9
3625:
3621:
3620:0-89676-076-6
3617:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3517:
3513:
3512:0-89676-083-9
3509:
3505:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3473:
3469:
3462:
3459:
3454:
3447:
3444:
3439:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3419:, 11 (2022).
3418:
3412:
3409:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3359:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3327:0-8109-3553-8
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3291:Arnold, Janet
3286:
3283:
3280:
3279:0-901286-20-6
3276:
3272:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3140:
3137:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3085:
3080:
3067:
3062:
3055:
3050:
3043:
3038:
3031:
3026:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2926:
2921:
2914:
2909:
2902:
2897:
2890:
2885:
2878:
2873:
2860:
2855:
2842:
2837:
2830:
2825:
2818:
2813:
2806:
2801:
2794:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2753:
2745:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2714:livery collar
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2691:Robert Sidney
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2649:9 β 1580β1600
2645:
2640:
2627:
2622:
2615:
2610:
2603:
2598:
2591:
2586:
2579:
2574:
2567:
2562:
2555:
2550:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:, the future
2476:
2473:
2472:
2464:
2459:
2452:
2447:
2440:
2435:
2422:
2417:
2404:
2399:
2386:
2381:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2284:
2279:
2272:
2267:
2260:
2255:
2248:
2243:
2230:
2225:
2218:
2213:
2206:
2201:
2194:
2189:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1870:
1869:peascod belly
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1826:
1822:
1821:livery collar
1818:
1814:
1807:
1803:
1797:Men's fashion
1791:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1763:This portrait
1761:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1741:
1740:English woman
1738:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1697:
1692:
1685:
1680:
1673:
1668:
1661:
1656:
1643:
1638:
1631:
1626:
1619:
1614:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1513:
1508:
1501:
1496:
1489:
1484:
1477:
1472:
1465:
1460:
1447:
1442:
1435:
1430:
1423:
1418:
1411:
1406:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1308:
1303:
1296:
1291:
1278:
1273:
1260:
1255:
1242:
1237:
1230:
1225:
1218:
1213:
1206:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1093:
1086:
1081:
1074:
1069:
1062:
1057:
1050:
1045:
1038:
1033:
1026:
1021:
1014:
1009:
1002:
997:
990:
985:
980:
975:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
930:
927:
924:
920:
919:Dutch fashion
917:
913:
912:Dutch fashion
910:
907:
904:
903:
895:
890:
883:
878:
871:
866:
859:
854:
841:
836:
829:
824:
817:
812:
805:
800:
793:
788:
781:
776:
771:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
749:
745:
741:
736:
729:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
700:
696:
691:
682:
677:
673:
665:
661:
659:
654:
651:
647:
642:
640:
636:
635:
630:
626:
622:
614:
612:
610:
605:
602:
598:
597:
592:
584:
582:
580:
576:
570:
562:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
537:
535:
531:
526:
521:
519:
516:Stockings or
514:
512:
508:
504:
501:
497:
489:
485:
478:
476:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
415:
413:
411:
407:
403:
394:
386:
377:
375:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:German states
336:
332:
328:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
290:and edged in
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
259:
251:
249:
247:
243:
238:
234:
232:
228:
224:
219:
216:
211:
208:
203:
201:
197:
189:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
160:
156:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
125:Spanish court
122:
118:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
83:Spanish style
82:
76:
69:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:
46:
39:
34:
30:
19:
4792:
4529:
4501:
4486:
4468:
4454:
4440:
4425:
4411:
4397:
4382:
4367:
4360:
4351:
4328:
4314:
4299:
4284:
4270:
4248:
4239:
4233:
4224:
4204:
4191:
4186:, pp. 16β18.
4183:
4178:
4147:
4141:
4132:
4113:
4107:
4087:
4080:
4068:
4056:. Retrieved
4052:the original
4047:
4021:. Retrieved
4017:
3998:
3993:
3973:
3969:
3964:
3952:. Retrieved
3932:
3928:
3918:
3898:
3891:
3879:. Retrieved
3862:(1): 73β95.
3859:
3855:
3845:
3833:. Retrieved
3829:the original
3804:. Retrieved
3793:
3784:
3765:
3759:
3740:
3731:
3722:
3703:
3697:
3681:
3650:
3611:
3593:
3588:
3579:
3571:
3536:
3532:
3519:
3503:
3475:. Retrieved
3471:
3461:
3452:
3446:
3437:
3431:
3417:Apparence(s)
3416:
3411:
3399:. Retrieved
3395:
3386:
3374:. Retrieved
3370:
3361:
3349:. Retrieved
3345:
3318:
3313:
3294:
3285:
3270:
3252:
3247:
3239:
3234:
3227:
3222:
3155:
3103:
2997:A young girl
2781:
2761:
2758:
2697:
2488:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2145:forked beard
2144:
2140:
2133:
2121:
2114:
2110:
2099:
2093:Pencil Beard
2092:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2067:resembles a
2064:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2023:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1993:
1991:
1954:
1941:netherstocks
1940:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1911:galligaskins
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1873:
1868:
1847:
1787:
1783:
1766:
1744:
1571:
1545:Anne Knollys
1541:farthingale.
1361:
1144:Unknown lady
1118:
899:10 β 1555β58
752:
737:
733:
711:
705:
686:
655:
643:
632:
618:
606:
594:
588:
574:
572:
556:
552:
548:
538:
533:
529:
522:
517:
515:
493:
473:
468:
460:
454:
445:
442:half sleeves
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:, in French
421:
419:
409:
399:
367:
324:
294:. Heavy cut
261:
239:
235:
220:
213:Elizabethan
212:
204:
193:
172:wire support
165:
137:Janet Arnold
86:
44:
43:
29:
5052:By clothing
4715:Western Xia
4705:Jurchen Jin
4687:Anglo-Saxon
4680:Middle Ages
4625:Han Chinese
4495:030009071-4
4058:12 February
4023:12 February
3189:Farthingale
3146: 1580
3133: 1555
3104:pluderhosen
3100:Last Supper
3076: 1580
2918:10 β 1596
2869: 1571
2851: 1570
2822:3 β 1556β58
2728:silver-gilt
2724:Man's cloak
2679:Unknown man
2636: 1590
2527:John Smythe
2431: 1576
2413: 1575
2395: 1570
2378:1 β 1573β74
2239: 1560
2185: 1550
2152:Accessories
2134:Marquisetto
2122:Spade Beard
2111:Round Beard
2050:Cadiz Beard
1920:Pluderhosen
1769:lace, 1594.
1733:Elizabeth I
1723:Elizabeth I
1714:The widowed
1706: 1595
1665:5 β 1593β95
1652: 1592
1591:Anna Imhoff
1572:supportasse
1568:Elizabeth I
1549:French hood
1531:Elizabeth I
1481:7 β 1585β90
1469:6 β 1585β90
1456: 1584
1358:Elizabeth I
1352:Elizabeth I
1348:allegorical
1287: 1578
1269: 1575
1251: 1572
1066:7 - 1560β65
1054:6 β 1560β65
967:The widowed
923:French hood
850: 1555
785:1 β 1550β55
716:French hood
615:Accessories
541:farthingale
438:French gown
370:Protestants
343:Scandinavia
304:bobbin lace
284:embroidered
268:aristocracy
258:natural dye
200:Elizabethan
196:Elizabeth I
184:needlelaces
151:styles for
112:Ferdinand I
5089:Categories
4772:Vietnamese
4730:400sβ1000s
4510:1563670038
4471:, London,
4434:0713489855
4308:0896762629
4264:References
4018:MyLearning
3954:23 October
3881:23 October
3690:1563670038
3477:12 October
3401:2 November
3376:2 November
3351:2 November
2720:, c. 1590.
2511:, c. 1576.
2115:Bush Beard
2065:Goat Beard
2054:Cads Beard
1887:round hose
1883:Trunk hose
1517:10 β 1580s
1146:holding a
744:white lead
735:dominant.
646:concentric
596:safeguards
591:overskirts
545:hoop skirt
523:The first
511:courtesans
446:round gown
256:See also:
237:material.
121:Protestant
90:, king of
56:embroidery
4936:1945β1960
4931:1930β1945
4893:Edwardian
4851:Victorian
4823:1795β1820
4818:1775β1795
4813:1750β1775
4808:1700β1750
4803:1650β1700
4798:1600β1650
4793:1550β1600
4788:1500β1550
4767:Tocharian
4692:Byzantine
3970:Zibellini
3935:: 73β95.
3553:143797589
3209:Zibellino
3169:Blackwork
2930:11 β 1599
2695:mandilion
2619:7 β 1590s
2499:blackwork
2129:soldiers.
1973:mandilion
1951:Outerwear
1943:and flat
1937:stockings
1935:Men wore
1930:Venetians
1789:zibellino
1767:reticella
1689:7 β 1590s
1427:3 β 1580s
1415:2 β 1580s
1403:1 β 1580s
1152:whitework
1102:10 β 1564
1078:8 β 1560s
1042:5 β 1560s
1030:4 β 1560s
762:vermilion
754:Cochineal
634:zibellini
585:Outerwear
496:underwear
479:Underwear
406:petticoat
355:sanguines
288:blackwork
227:whalebone
176:reticella
108:Philip II
88:Charles V
38:reticella
5074:Swimwear
5038:Thailand
4696:Chinese
4662:Thracian
4647:Biblical
4637:Egyptian
4578:Timeline
4475:, 1995,
4182:Arnold,
3997:KΓΆhler,
3949:58894238
3876:58894238
3835:27 March
3739:(2008).
3293:(2008).
3163:See also
3126:kerchief
3089:6 β 1594
3059:4 β 1570
3047:3 β 1568
3035:2 β 1567
3023:1 β 1565
2979:Two boys
2906:9 β 1590
2894:8 β 1586
2882:7 β 1585
2834:4 β 1560
2810:2 β 1555
2798:1 β 1551
2784:breeched
2770:was the
2739:Footwear
2607:6 β 1588
2595:5 β 1588
2583:4 β 1588
2571:3 β 1586
2559:2 β 1585
2547:1 β 1582
2487:wears a
2468:7 - 1579
2456:6 β 1577
2444:5 β 1577
2350:Portrait
2288:9 β 1568
2276:8 β 1566
2264:7 β 1566
2252:6 β 1563
2222:4 β 1560
2210:3 β 1560
2198:2 β 1557
2075:and the
2033:nightcap
2015:copotain
2011:capotain
2007:flat hat
1995:lovelock
1915:pansied.
1891:cannions
1879:codpiece
1844:Overview
1827:c. 1575.
1784:bongrace
1759:Knollys.
1746:capotain
1677:6 β 1594
1635:3 β 1592
1623:2 β 1592
1611:1 β 1592
1505:9 β 1589
1493:8 β 1585
1439:4 β 1582
1346:In this
1312:9 β 1579
1300:8 β 1578
1234:4 β 1571
1222:3 β 1571
1210:2 - 1571
1198:1 β 1570
1148:pomander
1119:forepart
1090:9 β 1564
1018:3 β 1563
1006:2 β 1562
994:1 β 1560
887:9 - 1557
875:8 β 1557
863:7 β 1557
833:5 β 1555
821:4 β 1554
809:3 β 1554
797:2 β 1554
724:mourning
557:bum roll
469:forepart
300:brocades
280:chemises
246:doublets
117:Catholic
52:clothing
49:European
4762:Ottoman
4726:Europe
4722:English
4607:Ancient
3179:Doublet
2772:chopine
2763:pattens
2716:of the
2501:, 1575.
2360:, 1568.
2077:Barbula
2019:feather
1971:like a
1965:sleeves
1922:were a
1899:pansied
1861:doublet
1823:of the
1121:, 1562.
712:biggins
658:visards
609:Cassock
593:called
575:partlet
569:Partlet
563:Partlet
525:corsets
457:bodices
351:murreys
333:wools.
296:velvets
272:England
231:buckram
180:cutwork
153:bodices
64:cutwork
5064:Corset
5059:Bikini
4757:Korean
4508:
4493:
4479:
4461:
4447:
4432:
4418:
4404:
4389:
4374:
4343:
4335:
4321:
4306:
4291:
4277:
4154:
4120:
4095:
3947:
3906:
3874:
3806:9 June
3772:
3747:
3710:
3688:
3657:
3626:
3618:
3551:
3510:
3325:
3301:
3277:
3199:Jerkin
3096:German
2768:Venice
2489:pinked
2104:dagger
2069:goatee
2039:Beards
1969:jacket
1957:cloaks
1955:Short
1865:jerkin
1776:1590s.
1534:1580s.
1527:1580s.
1364:hussar
1140:1560s.
974:tippet
932:1560s.
929:Mary I
760:, and
758:madder
740:Ceruse
730:Makeup
629:marten
601:cloaks
461:bodies
402:kirtle
359:madder
347:kermes
331:merino
320:jewels
318:, and
312:silver
276:Shirts
223:ermine
194:Since
166:Linen
149:Polish
147:, and
129:France
100:Sicily
98:, and
96:Naples
5031:Meiji
5026:Japan
5021:Italy
4993:2020s
4988:2010s
4983:2000s
4967:1990s
4962:1980s
4957:1970s
4952:1960s
4926:1920s
4903:1910s
4898:1900s
4886:1890s
4881:1880s
4876:1870s
4871:1860s
4866:1850s
4861:1840s
4856:1830s
4835:1820s
4750:1400s
4745:1300s
4740:1200s
4735:1100s
4657:Roman
4652:Greek
4642:Inuit
4620:China
3945:S2CID
3872:S2CID
3549:S2CID
3529:(PDF)
3215:Notes
3156:cotes
3154:wear
2675:1586.
2662:1582.
2319:1560.
2126:spade
2026:coifs
1977:Gowns
1961:capes
1945:shoes
1907:Slops
1903:panes
1895:paned
1853:shirt
1850:linen
1835:King
1736:1592.
1581:belt.
1558:1584.
1362:Γ la
1180:1564.
1173:1564.
957:1557.
915:free.
625:sable
623:of a
534:bents
500:linen
450:train
434:frock
327:Spain
286:with
282:were
168:ruffs
145:Dutch
133:Italy
92:Spain
5069:Hide
4710:Yuan
4700:Liao
4506:ISBN
4491:ISBN
4477:ISBN
4459:ISBN
4445:ISBN
4430:ISBN
4416:ISBN
4402:ISBN
4387:ISBN
4372:ISBN
4341:ISBN
4333:ISBN
4319:ISBN
4304:ISBN
4289:ISBN
4275:ISBN
4152:ISBN
4118:ISBN
4093:ISBN
4060:2015
4025:2015
3956:2015
3904:ISBN
3883:2015
3837:2012
3808:2012
3770:ISBN
3745:ISBN
3708:ISBN
3686:ISBN
3655:ISBN
3624:ISBN
3616:ISBN
3508:ISBN
3479:2015
3403:2015
3378:2015
3353:2015
3323:ISBN
3299:ISBN
3275:ISBN
3204:Ruff
3194:Hose
3174:Coif
3071:5 β
2864:6 β
2846:5 β
2656:King
2631:8 β
2426:4 β
2408:3 β
2390:2 β
2323:King
2295:King
2234:5 β
2180:1 β
2139:The
2132:The
2120:The
2109:The
2098:The
2091:The
2086:Peak
2084:The
2063:The
2048:The
1875:Hose
1857:ruff
1701:8 β
1647:4 β
1451:5 β
1282:7 β
1264:6 β
1246:5 β
845:6 β
766:Kohl
720:caul
708:coif
690:Wigs
621:pelt
579:lawn
518:hose
507:lace
430:gown
426:robe
422:ropa
363:woad
310:and
308:gold
298:and
292:lace
278:and
205:The
178:, a
131:and
119:and
102:and
60:ruff
4630:Shu
3937:doi
3864:doi
3541:doi
3421:doi
2352:of
2052:or
2013:or
2003:hat
1984:).
1959:or
1939:or
1909:or
1897:or
1885:or
1727:fan
710:or
627:or
543:or
459:or
432:or
404:or
316:oes
270:in
229:or
47:in
5091::
4443:,
4347:).
4213:^
4199:;
4166:^
4046:.
4033:^
4016:.
4005:^
3981:^
3943:.
3933:13
3931:.
3927:.
3870:.
3860:13
3858:.
3854:.
3816:^
3669:^
3635:^
3601:^
3561:^
3547:.
3537:41
3535:.
3531:.
3487:^
3470:.
3394:.
3369:.
3344:.
3333:^
3321:,
3260:^
3143:c.
3130:c.
3073:c.
2866:c.
2848:c.
2786:.
2633:c.
2428:c.
2410:c.
2392:c.
2236:c.
2182:c.
1871:.
1703:c.
1649:c.
1453:c.
1284:c.
1266:c.
1248:c.
847:c.
756:,
452:.
412:.
376:.
341:,
337:,
306:,
274:.
94:,
4570:e
4563:t
4556:v
4512:.
4497:.
4436:.
4393:.
4378:.
4310:.
4295:)
4256:.
4160:.
4126:.
4101:.
4062:.
4027:.
3958:.
3939::
3912:.
3885:.
3866::
3839:.
3810:.
3778:.
3753:.
3716:.
3663:.
3630:)
3555:.
3543::
3514:)
3481:.
3423::
3405:.
3380:.
3355:.
3307:.
3135:.
2117:.
1729:.
20:)
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