Multi-valve - Knowledge (XXG)

1373: 755:(138 kW) at 6,200 rpm (59.2 kW/liter) and 174 lb⋅ft (236 N⋅m) at 4,500 rpm. In 1988 an enlarged 2.5-liter engine replaced the 2.3-liter. It offered double valve timing chains to fix the easily snapping single chains on early 2.3 engines, and increased peak output by 17 bhp (12.5 kW) with a slight increase in torque. For homologation Evolution I (1989) and Evolution II (1990) models were produced that had a redesigned engine to allow for a higher rev limit and improved top-end power capabilities. The Evo II engine offered 235 PS (173 kW; 232 hp) from 2463 cc (70.2 kW/liter). 1393: 191:

engine, a five-valve design should have a higher maximum RPM, and the three inlet ports should give efficient cylinder-filling and high gas turbulence (both desirable traits), it has been questioned whether a five-valve configuration gives a cost-effective benefit over four-valve designs. The rise of direct injection may also make five-valve heads more difficult to engineer, as the injector must take up some space on the head. After making five-valve

910: 888: 1524:. These joystick-operated seawater-cooled inboard diesel engines use combined charging (turbo and supercharger, except IPS450) with aftercooler, common rail fuel injection and DOHCs with hydraulic 4-valve technology. Propshaft power ranges from 248 to 850 bhp (185 to 634 kW; 251 to 862 PS) (highest efficiency 59.7 kW/liter for IPS400 3.7-liter straight-4 diesel). Multiple units can be combined. 540: 133:. Some engines are designed to open each intake valve at a slightly different time, which increases turbulence, improving the mixing of air and fuel at low engine speeds. More valves also provide additional cooling to the cylinder head. The disadvantages of multi-valve engines are an increase in manufacturing cost and a potential increase in oil consumption due to the greater number of valve stem seals. Some 1155:(now known as ISB). Ford also uses pushrods in its 6.7L Power Stroke engine using four pushrods, four rockers and four valves per cylinder. The 6.0 and 6.4 Powerstroke engine built by Navistar also used pushrods with four-valve heads. Pushrod multi-valve systems are common on diesels because they need to be able to meet emissions standards, but also produce more low-end torque. The Harley-Davidson 266: 31: 1381: 1188: 835: 673:(845 bhp/630 kW@8,200 rpm; 784 Nm/578 ft.lbs@6,600 rpm). The water-cooled engine featured four valves per cylinder and output a massive 196.2 kW/liter. Porsche had to abandon its traditional aircooling because the multi-valve DOHC hampered aircooling of the spark plugs. Only two cars were built. 1602:

In direct injection engines - such as diesels and later petrol engines - fuel is delivered to the chamber directly via the injector rather than through a valve. In carburetted engines and indirect-injection engines the fuel is mixed with the air outside of the cylinder and both enter together via the

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belt-driven DOHC 16-valve 2-liter straight-4 producing 140 bhp (54.6 kW/liter, 1.20 bhp/cid). All of these, although mass-produced, are also of relatively limited production, so it is argued that the first widely available and popularly priced mass-production car with a four valve per

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used a modified T-head with 16 valves, twin-spark ignition and aluminium pistons to produce 80 bhp (59 kW) at 2400 rpm from a 360.8 cid (5.8-liter) straight-4 (0.22 bhp per cubic inch). Over 2300 of these powerful early multi-valve engines were built. Stutz not only used them in their

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engine. It had four valves per cylinder, 90-degree valve angle and twin-spark ignition. The GP engine had a displacement of 4.5-liter (4490 cc) and produced 88 bhp (66 kW) at 2950 rpm (14.7 kW/liter), and after modifications in 1921 102 bhp (76 kW) at 3000 rpm. The top speed

754:

developed the DOHC light alloy cast cylinder head with four large valves per cylinder. In roadgoing trim, the 190 E 2.3-16 produced 49 hp (36 kW) and 41 ft•lbf (55 N•m) of torque more than the basic single overhead cam 2.3 straight-4 engine on which it was based offering 185 hp

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introduced a 322 cid (5.3-liter) dual camshaft 32-valve straight-8 with 156 bhp (116 kW) at 3900 rpm, called DV-32. The engine offered 0.48 bhp per cubic inch. About 100 of these multi-valve engines were built. Stutz also used them in their top-of-the-line sportscar, the DV-32 Super

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had a 5-litre straight-4 with SOHC and three valves per cylinder (two inlet, one exhaust). It produced appr. 100 bhp (75 kW; 101 PS) at 2800 rpm (0.30 bhp per cubic inch) and could reach 99 mph (159 km/h). The three-valve head would later be used for some of Bugatti's

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This is the most common type of multi-valve head, with two exhaust valves and two similar (or slightly larger) inlet valves. This design allows similar breathing as compared to a three-valve head, and as the small exhaust valves allow high RPM, this design is very suitable for high power outputs.

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and was built at Toyota's Shimayama plant. While originally conceived of as a two-valve design, Toyota and Yamaha changed the 4A-GE to a four-valve after a year of evaluation. It produced 115-140 bhp (86-104 kW) at 6,600 rpm (54.2-65.5 kW/liter) and 109 lb⋅ft (148 N⋅m) at

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the total valve area. The following table shows the effective areas of differing valve quantities as proportion of cylinder bore. These percentages are based on simple geometry and do not take into account orifices for spark plugs or injectors, but these voids will usually be sited in the "dead

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This has a single large exhaust valve and two smaller intake valves. A three-valve layout allows better breathing than a two-valve head, but the large exhaust valve results in an RPM limit no higher than a two-valve head. The manufacturing cost for this design can be lower than for a four-valve

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with 16-valve engine debuted at the Frankfurt Auto Show in September 1983 after it set a world record at Nardo, Italy, recording a combined average speed of 154.06 mph (247.94 km/h) over the 50,000 km (31,000 mi) endurance test. The engine was based on the 2.3-liter 8-valve

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racing car used a supercharged 5.7-liter straight-8 with DOHC and four valves per cylinder. The engine produced 592-646 bhp (441.5-475 kW) at 5800 rpm and achieved 1.71-1.87 bhp per cubic inch (77.8-85.1 kW/liter). The W125 top speed was appr. 200 mph (322 km/h).

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Less common is the five-valve head, with two exhaust valves and three inlet valves. All five valves are similar in size. This design allows excellent breathing, and, as every valve is small, high RPM and very high power outputs are theoretically available. Although, compared to a four-valve

1415:

1484.3 cid (24.32 L) SOHC 16-cylinder, consisting of two parallel 8-cylinder banks, offered 410 bhp (305 kW) at 2,000 rpm (12.5 kW/liter or 0.28 bhp/cid). Each cylinder had two vertical inlet valves and a single vertical exhaust valve, all driven by rocking levers from the

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engine uses common rail direct fuel injection and delivers 168 bhp (125 kW; 170 PS) at 3,880 rpm (62.0 kW/liter). The propeller is driven by an integrated gearbox (ratio 1.69:1) with torsional vibration damper. Total power unit weight is 185 kg (408 lb).

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The Jumo 213 had a three-valve head, but a four-valve head was in development for the "J" version. However, the Jumo 213A is documented as itself having superior high altitude performance at that particular point in time, although the DB 603 was later developed with equal or better

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F1 engine, a NA 3.0-liter V8 producing appr. 400 bhp (298 kW; 406 PS) at 9,000 rpm (101.9 kW/liter), featured four valves per cylinder. For many years it was the dominant engine in Formula One, and it was also used in other categories, including

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engine participated in endurance races as a 5.0-liter (4,968 cc) non-turbo V8 with DOHC and 32-valves. It produced 600 PS (441 kW; 592 hp) at 8,000 rpm (88.8 kW/liter) and 55.0 kg⋅m (539 N⋅m; 398 lb⋅ft) at 6,400 rpm.

788:. Peak output was 148 hp (110 kW) at 6,000 rpm and 133 lb⋅ft (180 N⋅m) at 4,800 rpm. The FJ20 was also offered with a turbocharger, producing 188 hp (140 kW) at 6,400 rpm and 166 lb⋅ft (225 N⋅m) at 4,800 rpm. 348:. Its 7.6-litre monobloc straight-4 with modern hemispherical combustion chambers produced 148 bhp (110 kW) (19.5 HP/Liter(0.32 bhp per cubic inch)). In April 1913, on the Brooklands racetrack in England, a specially built L76 called 716:. The engine was twin-turbocharged and destroked to 2.65 litres, but produced 720 hp (537 kW) in qualifying trim. The engine was later increased to 3.0 litres and increased power output to 828 hp (617 kW). The 1984 872:. The Ford design uses one spark plug per cylinder located in the centre, but the Mercedes design uses two spark plugs per cylinder located on opposite sides, leaving the centre free to add a direct-to-cylinder fuel injector at a later date. 583:

There is much discussion about which was the first 'mass-produced' car to use an engine with four valves per cylinder. For six cylinder engines, and considering special versions of mass-produced cars, the first appears to have been the 1969

913:

Multi-valve train of Volvo's 2005 truck diesel engine D13A, a 12.8-liter turbocharged straight-6 (21.1-28.1 kW/liter) with SOHC and four valves per cylinder located around a central injector, and VEB engine brake that operates both exhaust

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single once had five valves per cylinder, but a subsequent redesign reduced the valve-count to four. The Aprilia Pegaso 650 single also started out with five valves, but current models only have four. The jointly developed

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with the 16-valve engine, averaging 91.96 km/h. Even more successful was Bugattis clean sweep of the first four places at Brescia in 1921. In honour of this memorable victory all 16-valve-engined Bugattis were dubbed

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was of similar engine design. The NA racing model offered 130 bhp (0.48 bhp per cubic inch) and the 1929 supercharged 4½ Litre (Blower Bentley) reached 240 bhp (0.89 bhp per cubic inch). The 1926

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SJ Mormon Meteor's engine was a 419.6 cid (6.9-liter) straight-8 with DOHC, 4 valves per cylinder and a supercharger. It achieved 400 bhp (298.3 kW) at 5,000 rpm and 0.95 bhp per cubic inch.

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The 1910 Isotta-Fraschini Tipo KM had a 10.6 litre inline 4 with single overhead camshaft and four valves per cylinder and it had one of the first engines with fully enclosed overhead valve gear (source:

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19-liter water-cooled straight-6 aircraft engine with aluminium pistons, dual camshaft and four valves per cylinder achieved 230 bhp/170 kW@1,400 rpm (9.0 kW/liter). Appr. 6,400 engines were produced.

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made an experimental 2.0-liter turbo V6 engine with six valves per cylinder (three intakes, three exhaust). It achieved 261 bhp (195 kW; 265 PS) at 7,200 rpm (97.5 kW/liter).

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introduced a 16-valve head to their 2.0-liter (1985 cc) straight-4 in 1984 and offered the engine with and without turbocharger (65.5 kW/liter and 47.9 kW/liter respectively) in the

465:. It produced appr. 30 bhp (22.4 kW) at 2700 rpm (15.4 kW/liter or 0.34 bhp/cid). In the 1920 Voiturettes Grand Prix at Le Mans driver Ernest Friderich finished first in a 121:. Multi-valve geometry allows the spark plug to be ideally located within the combustion chamber for optimal flame propagation. Multi-valve engines tend to have smaller valves that have lower 436:

sportscar but in their standard touring cars as well. The mono block White Motor Car engine developed 72 horsepower and less than 150 were built, only three are known to exist today. In 1919

826:. The NA Quad 4 achieved 1.08 bhp (1 kW; 1 PS) per cubic inch (49.1 kW/liter). Such engines soon became common as Japanese manufacturers adopted the multi-valve concept. 631:

in the UK. This 122-cubic-inch straight-4 produced 110 bhp (82 kW; 112 PS) at 5600 rpm (0.90 bhp/cid; 41.0 kW/liter) and 107 lb⋅ft (145 N⋅m) at 4800 rpm.

815:. The 16-valve 1.8-liter straight-4 produced 139 PS (102 kW; 137 bhp) or 56.7 kW/liter, almost 25% up from the 45.6 kW/liter for the previous 8-valve Golf GTI engine. 607:

16 valve twin cam cylinder head. The car went on to become a rallying legend in the 1970s winning many domestic and World Championship events. Other cars claiming to be first are the

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aviation firm began production of the Third Reich's most-produced military aviation engine (68,000+ produced), the 1936-designed, 35-litre displacement, inverted-V12, liquid-cooled

620:. This Triumph used an in-house developed SOHC 16-valve 1,998 cc (122 ci) straight-4 engine that produced 127 bhp (47.6 kW/liter, 1.10 bhp/cid) at introduction. 440:

introduced its 524.8 cid (8.6-liter) straight-6 with 24 valves. The engine produced 48.6 bhp (0.09 bhp per cubic inch) and ran very quietly, which was an asset to the

2936: 141:) use a single fork-shaped rocker arm to drive two valves (generally the exhaust valves) so that fewer cam lobes will be needed in order to reduce manufacturing costs. 1853: 1661: 846:

showing SOHC, rocker arms, valve springs, and other components. This is a multi-valve configuration with two intake valves and one exhaust valve for each cylinder.

68:(an intake, and an exhaust). A multi-valve engine has better breathing, and with more smaller valves (having less mass in motion) may be able to operate at higher 981:

powered by an experimental 2.2-liter turbocharged 25-valve straight-5 rated at 478 kW/650 PS@6,200 rpm (217.3 kW/liter) set two world speed records at

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of 1924. Both Type 29 and Type 35 had a 100 bhp (75 kW) 2-liter SOHC 24-valve NA straight-8 that produced 0.82 bhp (0.61 kW) per cubic inch.

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space" unavailable for valves. Also, in practice, intake valves are often larger than exhaust valves in heads with an even number of valves-per-cylinder:

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engine had three valves per cylinder (two intakes, one exhaust) as well. Nissan upgraded to DOHC after 1992 for some of their sports cars, including the

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Multi-valve engines continued to be popular in racing and sports engines. Robert M. Roof, the chief engineer for Laurel Motors, designed his multi-valve

1372: 2929: 1451:, produced through 1945, the production versions of which (the Jumo 213A and -E subtypes) retained the Jumo 211's three-valve cylinder head design. 503:

added two cylinders to the monobloc straight-4. This multi-valve straight-6 offered 180-200 bhp (0.45-0.50 bhp per cubic inch). The 1930

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Mercedes and Ford produced three-valve V6 and V8 engines, Ford claiming an 80% improvement in high RPM breathing without the added cost of a DOHC

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are technologies that also improve engine breathing, and can be used instead of, or in conjunction with, multi-valve engines. The same applies to

203: 1879: 704:. It was based on the 308 QV's engine, but used a split-plane crankshaft rather than the Ferrari-type flat-plane. The engine was constructed by 2266:

At the recent international meeting at Zürich, several of the successful German machines were fitted with the new Junkers 210 petrol engine...

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5,800 rpm. To compensate for the reduced air speed of a multi-valve engine at low rpms, the first-to-second generation engines included the

321:

The 1908 Ariès VT race cars had 1.4 litre supercharged single cylinder engines with four valve per cylinder desmodromic systems. (Source:

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also had developed a 1.5-liter OHV straight-4 with four valves per cylinder as far back as 1914 but did not use this engine until after

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early in the 20th century. Type A 16-valve heads were successful in the teens, Type B was offered in 1918 and Type C 16-valve in 1923.

3443: 2107: 2495: 2328: 822:

multi-valve engine family debuted early 1987. The Quad 4 was the first mainstream multi-valve engine to be produced by GM after the

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engine was a massive 5190 cid (85.0-liter) four-cylinder that produced 350 bhp (0.07 bhp/cid). It allowed the motor boat

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of combustion gases. Adding more valves increases valve area and improves the flow of intake and exhaust gases, thereby enhancing

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mass-produced Japanese engines to have both a DOHC 16-valve configuration (four valves per cylinder, two intake, two exhaust) and

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rather than Ferrari, and was produced from 1986 through 1991. The Quattrovalvole was also used by Lancia for their attempt at the

494:, twin spark ignition, SOHC, and four valves per cylinder. It produced appr. 70 bhp (0.38 bhp per cubic inch). The 1927 2213: 441: 985:, Italy: 326.403 km/h (202.8 mph) for 1,000 km (625 miles) and 324.509 km/h (201.6 mph) for 500 miles. 293: 2249: 335: 154:

design. The three-valve design was common in the late 1980s and early 1990s; and from 2004 the main valve arrangement used in

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engine (58.7 kW/liter, 1.29 bhp/cid) all used four valves per cylinder. The BMW M88/3 engine was used in the 1983

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engines of that day were not very efficient and designers tried to improve engine performance by using multiple valves. The

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described a four-cylinder, four-valve-per-cylinder car engine made by Linthwaite-Hussey Motor Co. of Los Angeles, CA, USA:

3418: 2029: 3002: 2588: 2515: 1857: 1665: 709: 491: 340:

The first motorcar in the world to have an engine with two overhead camshafts and four valves per cylinder was the 1912

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Debuting at the 1968 Japanese Grand Prix in the original 300 PS (221 kW; 296 hp) 3.0-liter version the

270: 2134: 1766: 1687: 3593: 2945: 1900: 1443:, which used a three-valve cylinder head design inherited from Junkers' first inverted V12 design, the 1932-origin 98: 1744: 1579: 3554: 3468: 3413: 3365: 3273: 781: 746: 548: 2161: 599:

For a four-cylinder engine, the first mass-produced car using a four valves per cylinder engine was the British

3549: 3390: 3099: 2665: 2505: 796: 547:(77.8 kW/liter) showing two intake valves (right), two exhaust valves (left), centrally placed spark plug, and 329: 1140:

to actuate forked rockers, and all Duramax V8 engines have four valves per cylinder with pushrods. Moreover,

2355:- Movies and photos of hundreds of working mechanical-systems models at Cornell University. Also includes an 1550: 1159:

engine, introduced in 2016, uses four-valves per cylinder driven by pushrods and a single in-block camshaft.

3324: 1152: 942: 823: 624: 345: 1787: 1269:"pent-roof" 500cc DOHC 8-valve parallel-twin (the first mass-produced DOHC 4-valve per cylinder motorcycle) 3598: 3146: 2660: 2615: 2525: 2458: 126: 94: 69: 3263: 3104: 2650: 2645: 2625: 2550: 2510: 2500: 2453: 2448: 1348: 1320: 1125: 993: 960: 902: 301: 289: 192: 114: 3258: 3030: 2655: 2635: 2630: 2620: 2598: 2540: 2431: 2426: 2393: 1505:

to set a new world's speed record on water, reaching 33.80 mph (54.40 km/h) on the lake at

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also offer improved engine breathing and high rev performance but these were never very successful.

3408: 3306: 3036: 2889: 2713: 2640: 2535: 2485: 1547:"An Echo of the Past: The history and evolution of twin-cam engines (European Car, February, 2009)" 1351:. 2006 model delivered 180 bhp (134 kW; 182 PS) at 12,500 rpm (130.3 kW/liter). 1215: 1145: 812: 681: 511: 495: 428: 352:(torpedo) beat the world speed record of 170 km/h. Robert Peugeot also commissioned the young 210: 1404:

WWII engine produced 1,390 bhp (1,037 kW; 1,409 PS) from 1,649 cid (38.5 kW/liter).

3329: 3126: 2708: 2578: 2573: 2530: 2468: 2192: 1808: 1718: 1252: 1218: 717: 600: 527: 122: 229:

For a cylindrical bore and equal-area sized valves, increasing the number of valves beyond five

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Long after the King-Bugatti "U-16" aviation engine used them, shortly before World War II, the

1392: 3131: 3071: 3022: 2698: 2583: 2568: 2545: 2324: 1262:"pent-roof" SOHC 4-valve single-cylinder machine (the first mass-produced 4-valve motorcycle). 1117: 998: 988: 589: 500: 373: 118: 61: 3423: 3380: 3339: 3288: 3253: 3174: 3161: 2688: 2683: 2291: 1962: 1469: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1172: 1019: 891: 855: 819: 773: 724:

with four valves per cylinder. Almost 7,200 Testarossa were produced between 1984 and 1991.

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high of 245 hp (183 kW) . A very unusual Dino Quattrovalvole was used in the 1986

569: 274: 42: 2362: 1432:(a 450 bhp 24-liter DOHC 12-cylinder), used two intake valves and two exhaust valves. 909: 887: 3534: 3245: 3094: 3051: 2703: 2693: 2607: 2560: 2463: 1361: 1280: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1093: 1011: 991:

were the first to market a car engine with five valves per cylinder, with the 548 cc

758: 739: 690: 686: 617: 593: 504: 487: 466: 424: 381: 362: 357: 214: 73: 2237: 1901:"1932 Stutz CD DV 32 Series Super Bearcat Standard Specifications (Classic Car Database)" 389:

of this car was 88-93 mph (140–149 km/h). It wasn't until the 1920s when these

1767:"1919 Pierce Arrow 48-B-5 Series Touring Standard Specifications (Classic Car Database)" 1018:

models in Japan in 1991. Yamaha also developed five-valve Formula One engines, the 1989

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Classic Speedboats 1916–1939 (Motorbooks International, 1997, p.16, ISBN 0-7603-0464-5)

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introduced Honda's 1.5-liter SOHC 12-valve straight-4 engines. Nissan's 1988–1992 SOHC

785: 697: 666: 585: 380:. Only one example was built in 1914, which was later modified in 1921. This design of 353: 138: 2217: 1741:"1919 Pierce-Arrow Model 48 Dual-Valve Four-Passenger (RM Auctions, Phoenix, AZ, USA)" 539: 3587: 3572: 3463: 3456: 3433: 3278: 3210: 3205: 3169: 3086: 3026: 2987: 2977: 2884: 2874: 2731: 2520: 2438: 2397: 1466: 1341: 1334: 1331: 1295: 1148: 1085: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 876: 839: 608: 433: 412: 394: 305: 281: 155: 35: 956:

fighter aircraft also used a SOHC configuration with four valves for each cylinder.

3189: 3184: 3151: 3056: 3046: 2982: 2966: 2416: 1459: 1412: 1401: 1356: 1313: 1288: 1266: 1237: 1211:

Grand Prix racer, 500 cc DOHC 8-valve parallel twin (top speed over 122 km/h).

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multi-valve straight-6 produced appr. 220 bhp (0.45 bhp per cubic inch).

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In 1988, Renault released a 12 valve version of its Douvrin 4 cylinder 2.0l SOHC.

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straight-4, White Motor Car Model GL 327 CID Dual Valve Mononblock four, and 1919

332: 265: 2318: 2006: 1983: 1640:

Engines: A Century of Progress (Popular Mechanics, Jan 1985, pp. 95-97, 120, 122)

1638: 1309:"oval-piston" V4 engines (actually 32-valve V8s with adjoining cylinders merged). 3567: 3451: 3268: 3220: 3179: 3136: 3066: 2675: 2480: 2421: 2356: 1521: 1472:. This liquid-cooled turbocharged 2.0-liter (1,991 cc) DOHC 16-valve straight-4 1429: 1417: 1400:

V12 aircraft engine showing SOHC and four valves per cylinder. This widely used

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2.2-liter inline four engine) was the first production car to use a multi-valve

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most famous cars, including the 1922 Type 29 Grand Prix racer and the legendary

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fighter aircraft used a SOHC configuration with four valves for each cylinder.

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that produced 300 bhp (224 kW; 304 PS) at altitude and the 1916

1298:, a 1,047 cc DOHC 24-valve straight-6 (105 bhp (78 kW; 106 PS)). 738:, producing 455 PS (335 kW; 449 hp) from a 5.2-liter (5167 cc) 3539: 3499: 3478: 3473: 3375: 3360: 3283: 3215: 3141: 3081: 3012: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2763: 2751: 2490: 2443: 2352: 2182: 1880:"Honoring the Original American Sports Cars (New York Times, August 12, 2011)" 1708: 1613: 1455: 1425: 1385: 1327: 1081: 1069: 1023: 949: 808: 777: 750:

136 hp (101 kW) unit already fitted to the 190- and E-Class series.

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was a fully working early racing car prototype made by the company now called

159: 110: 2914: 1688:"1918 Stutz S Series Roadster Standard Specifications (Classic Car Database)" 685:(or QV) engines in the 80s. Four valves per cylinder were added for the 1982 603:, this car used the Cosworth BDA engine which was a Ford 'Kent' block with a 3494: 3235: 3230: 3017: 2997: 2833: 2770: 2758: 2746: 2741: 2736: 1344: 843: 766: 643: 612: 561: 406:"Firm offers two models of high-speed motor with twin intakes and exhausts." 2049:"A baby that sprints: tiny Mitsubishi engine blasts off with five valves". 1662:"1918 Stutz Series S Roadster (Sportscarmarket.com, Friday, 31 March 2000)" 1465:

An example of a modern multi-valve piston-engine for small aircraft is the

125:, which can reduce wear on each cam lobe, and allow more power from higher 1921: 3517: 3513: 3385: 3116: 3041: 3007: 2899: 2894: 2879: 2858: 2853: 2828: 2823: 2815: 2723: 1486: 1302: 1283:, a 498 cc SOHC, pushrod actuated OHV, 4-valve per cylinder V-twin; 1982 1105: 978: 762: 751: 635: 628: 604: 576: 490:, introduced in 1921, used a monobloc straight-4 with aluminium pistons, 322: 2183:"1915 Indian 8 Valve Boardtrack Racer (YouTube.com video, Mar 18, 2010)" 1943:"1935 Duesenberg SJ Special Mormon Meteor (Conceptcarz.com, March 2011)" 17: 3544: 3428: 2187: 1713: 1436: 1380: 1208: 1187: 1141: 1137: 1053: 1045: 1001: 971: 899: 834: 721: 676: 651: 483: 477: 458: 341: 207: 356:

to develop a GP racing car for the 1912 Grand Prix. This chain-driven

3355: 3334: 3111: 3061: 2030:"AUDI 200 N6000 - WORLD RECORD PROTOTYPE (Brunnracing.com, Dec 2011)" 1985:

Quad 4: The Inside Story (Popular Mechanics, February 1988, pp.62-65)

1514: 1506: 1447:— this was carried through into the later, more powerful 1940-origin 1244: 1089: 705: 670: 659: 655: 647: 592:

six cylinder DOHC four-valve engine. This engine was also fitted to

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V4 GP motorcycle engine with oval pistons and dual piston rods. The

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Three valves per cylinder are provided, two inlets and one exhaust,

1576:"Auto Tech 88: 4-valves (Popular Science, May 1988, pp. 24, 37-40)" 1510: 1371: 982: 919: 801: 791:

Following Nissan's lead, Toyota released the 1.6-liter (1,587 cc)

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marine racing engine with six valves per cylinder. This Delahaye

3509: 1854:"1921 Peugeot 3-liter Racer (Sportscarmarket.com, 30 June 1999)" 1520:

An example of modern multi-valve engines for small boats is the

1490: 1196: 1121: 1073: 895: 792: 390: 385: 134: 2918: 2366: 1963:"1975 Cosworth Vega advertisement (Motor Trend Magazine, 1975)" 455:

drove a Type C overhead cam car to victory in Indiana in 1926.

2956: 1199:

500 cc engine delivered over 115 PS@19,000 rpm (170 kW/liter).

2162:"Peugeot Racers - Part 1 (The Best Motorcycle, Jan 26, 2010)" 1847: 1845: 1788:"1919 Pierce Arrow Model 48 Specifications (Conceptcarz.com)" 974:

had a triple overhead cam five-valve Grand Prix car in 1921.

2008:

Five valves for Audi (Popular Science, Jan 1990, pp. 35, 37)

784:(EFI) when released in October 1981 in the sixth generation 2238:

German language illustration of Jumo 211 three-valve design

2087:"Maserati Sei Valvole (Enrico's Maserati Pages, 2002–2004)" 2066:"Mighty Minica ZZ-4 (Autospeed Issue 353, 19 October 2005)" 480:

had a triple overhead cam 5-valve Grand Prix car in 1921.

273:

variable valve timing system on SOHC 4-valve-per-cylinder

2270:

operated by push rods and rockers from a single camshaft.

1203:

Examples of motorcycles with multivalve-engines include:

963:(OM604 engine) was the first 4-valve diesel-engined car. 646:

engine (54.6 kW/liter, 1.20 bhp/cid), and 1978

1411:

designed several multi-valve aircraft engines. The 1916

1709:"16-valve Stutz block (YouTube.com video, May 6, 2010)" 1034:

V10, but none of these were very successful. For their

515:

Bearcat that could reach 100 mph (160 km/h).

2359:

of classic texts on mechanical design and engineering.

2256:. Flightglobal Archive. September 9, 1937. p. 265 1376:

Sectioned Junkers Jumo 213, showing three-valve design

1228:

499 cc OHV 4-valve single-cylinder machine, copied by

1042:

motocross bikes, Yamaha developed five-valve engines.

1236:

350 cc OHV 4-valve single-cylinder machine, and 1929

545:

Ford Ecoboost 3.5-liter turbocharged V6 petrol engine

199:

has since reverted to the cheaper four-valve design.

89:

A multi-valve engine design has three, four, or five

2353:

Kinematic Models for Design Digital Library (KMODDL)

2290:. Aircraft Engine Historical Society. Archived from 217:

engine made by Toyota in collaboration with Yamaha.

3527: 3487: 3442: 3399: 3348: 3315: 3297: 3244: 3198: 3160: 3080: 2965: 2867: 2814: 2722: 2674: 2606: 2597: 2559: 2404: 795:engine in 1983. The cylinder head was developed by 206:manufactured by AUDI AG, the later versions of the 202:Examples of the five-valve engines are the various 1922:"1935 Duesenberg SJ Mormon Meteor (Supercars.net)" 1569: 1567: 1540: 1538: 93:per cylinder to achieve improved performance. In 1096:) have all produced five-valve-engined vehicles. 486:used multi-valve engines from the beginning. The 918:Examples of SOHC four-valve engines include the 474:. From 1920 through 1926 about 2000 were built. 101:needs at least two valves per cylinder: one for 1809:"Roof Alphabetical Index and Images (nwvs.org)" 905:with lift control and four valves per cylinder. 72:(RPM) than a two-valve engine, delivering more 1191:Rare 8-valve-per-cylinder arrangement of 1979 1010:designed the five-valve cylinder head for the 308:, is also used to improve engine performance. 2930: 2378: 627:featured a DOHC multi-valve head designed by 8: 1305:, racing & production motorcycles with 1240:500 cc OHV 4-valve single-cylinder machine. 2937: 2923: 2915: 2603: 2385: 2371: 2363: 1132:has revealed a three-valve version of its 879:was the first 3-valve diesel-engined car. 2214:"YAMAHA TX500/750: A QUESTION OF BALANCE" 1316:motorcycle with DOHC 20-valve straight-4 105:of air (and often fuel), and another for 3003:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve) 1391: 1379: 1221:, 61-cid (1.0-liter) OHV 8-valve V-twin. 1186: 908: 894:2.0-liter straight-4-cylinder head with 886: 833: 393:engines came to Alfa road cars like the 29: 1534: 1124:, a multivalve engine may be a pushrod 1116:Although most multi-valve engines have 1014:engines made by Toyota for use in some 1598: 1596: 1337:motorcycles with 5 valves per cylinder 2085:Ermanno Cozza & George Lipperts. 7: 2250:"Flight Magazine, September 9, 1937" 2160:Yves J. Hayat & Bernard Salvat. 1428:with aluminium pistons and the 1918 696:, bringing power back up to the pre- 344:L76 Grand Prix race car designed by 1420:aircraft engines, such as the 1916 1247:1098cc OHV 8-Valve V-twin, used in 1287:was the first factory multi-valve 669:racer used a twin turbo 3.2-liter 25: 2216:. Tobyfolwick.com. Archived from 423:straight-6 engines. The standard 137:multi-valve engines (such as the 611:, launched in 1972 which used a 294:variable-length intake manifolds 3105:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout 2195:from the original on 2021-12-22 1721:from the original on 2021-12-22 1347:with redesigned (more compact) 400:In 1916 US automotive magazine 1828:Model T Ford Club of America. 1807:Northwest Vintage Speedsters. 1: 2284:"The Junkers Jumo 213 Engine" 2108:"Milwaukee Eight Multi-Valve" 1637:Mort Schultz (January 1985). 943:Chrysler 3.5 L V6 engine 742:engine (64.8 kW/liter). 616:cylinder engine was the 1973 543:Combustion chamber of a 2009 492:pent-roof combustion chambers 411:Early multi-valve engines in 2317:Gérald Guétat (1998-01-10). 2282:Culy, Doug (April 4, 2012). 1982:Mike Allen (February 1988). 1830:"Robert M. Roof (MTFCA.com)" 710:World Sportscar Championship 415:configuration were the 1917 2106:Bennett, Jay (2016-08-29). 2005:D. Sherman (January 1990). 1276:SOHC 6-valve parallel-twin. 638:(51.6 kW/liter), 1976 158:trucks, and Ford SUVs. The 3615: 2946:Internal combustion engine 811:introduced a multi-valved 269:Cutaway model of Subaru's 99:internal combustion engine 3563: 3414:Diesel particulate filter 3366:Idle air control actuator 3307:Engine control unit (ECU) 2952: 1416:camshaft. Other advanced 782:electronic fuel injection 747:Mercedes-Benz 190E 2.3-16 384:was the first Alfa Romeo 277:at Tokyo Motor Show 2007. 148:Three-valve cylinder head 85:Multi-valve engine design 3479:Viscous fan (fan clutch) 3391:Throttle position sensor 3100:Overhead camshaft layout 1489:had experimented with a 1364:always had four valves. 1169:Lotus Essex Turbo Esprit 797:Yamaha Motor Corporation 776:was one of the earliest 330:Isotta Fraschini Tipo KM 261:Alternative technologies 185:Five-valve cylinder head 172:Four-valve cylinder head 3018:Core plug (freeze plug) 1144:makes a four-valve OHV 824:Chevrolet Cosworth Vega 625:Chevrolet Cosworth Vega 618:Triumph Dolomite Sprint 2526:Single-acting cylinder 2459:Double-acting cylinder 2114:. HEARST DIGITAL MEDIA 1899:Classic Car Database. 1765:Classic Car Database. 1686:Classic Car Database. 1522:Volvo Penta IPS Series 1405: 1389: 1377: 1200: 979:Audi 200 Turbo Quattro 915: 906: 847: 658:35CSi and in the 1985 552: 278: 129:without the danger of 95:automotive engineering 70:revolutions per minute 46: 2394:Engine configurations 2141:. Bonnier Corporation 1396:Cutaway view of 1941 1395: 1383: 1375: 1249:Morgan three-wheelers 1190: 1126:overhead valve engine 961:Mercedes-Benz C-Class 912: 903:variable valve timing 890: 837: 772:The 2.0-liter Nissan 596:Z432 racing edition. 542: 449:Roof Racing Overheads 369:Between 1914 and 1945 302:Cylinder head porting 290:variable valve timing 268: 115:volumetric efficiency 80:Multi-valve rationale 33: 3259:Compression ignition 2496:Oscillating cylinder 2294:on December 21, 2016 1485:In 1905 car builder 1307:8-valve-per-cylinder 629:Cosworth Engineering 549:direct fuel injector 3409:Catalytic converter 2589:Two-and four-stroke 2491:Intake over exhaust 2139:Motorcyclist Online 1852:Sports Car Market. 1660:Sports Car Market. 588:, using the Nissan 512:Stutz Motor Company 429:Stutz Motor Company 195:for several years, 165:had 3-valve heads. 3535:Knocking / pinging 3127:Combustion chamber 2064:Michael Knowling. 1860:on 24 October 2011 1668:on 16 January 2012 1406: 1390: 1378: 1201: 1118:overhead camshafts 916: 907: 848: 718:Ferrari Testarossa 601:Ford Escort RS1600 553: 528:Mercedes-Benz W125 279: 224:Beyond five valves 204:1.8 L 20vT engines 123:reciprocating mass 97:, any four-stroke 64:has more than two 60:is one where each 47: 27:Type of car engine 3594:Engine technology 3581: 3580: 3550:Stratified charge 3317:Electrical system 3299:Engine management 3132:Compression ratio 3072:Starter ring gear 2971:rotating assembly 2912: 2911: 2908: 2907: 2608:Inline / straight 2506:Overhead camshaft 2288:enginehistory.org 2112:Popular Mechanics 2051:Ward's Auto World 1786:Conceptcarz.com. 1398:Packard Merlin 28 1219:board track racer 1120:, either SOHC or 977:In April 1988 an 702:Lancia Thema 8.32 402:Automobile Topics 374:A.L.F.A. 40/60 GP 275:EJ25 boxer engine 16:(Redirected from 3606: 3424:Exhaust manifold 3289:Spark plug wires 3175:Boost controller 3162:Forced induction 2939: 2932: 2925: 2916: 2604: 2599:Cylinder layouts 2387: 2380: 2373: 2364: 2341: 2340: 2338: 2337: 2314: 2308: 2307: 2301: 2299: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2263: 2261: 2254:flightglobal.com 2246: 2240: 2235: 2229: 2228: 2226: 2225: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2201: 2200: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2169: 2168: 2157: 2151: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2130: 2124: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2103: 2097: 2096: 2094: 2093: 2082: 2076: 2075: 2073: 2072: 2061: 2055: 2054: 2046: 2040: 2039: 2037: 2036: 2025: 2019: 2018: 2016: 2015: 2002: 1996: 1995: 1993: 1992: 1979: 1973: 1972: 1970: 1969: 1959: 1953: 1952: 1950: 1949: 1941:Daniel Vaughan. 1938: 1932: 1931: 1929: 1928: 1917: 1911: 1910: 1908: 1907: 1896: 1890: 1889: 1887: 1886: 1878:Donald Osborne. 1875: 1869: 1868: 1866: 1865: 1856:. Archived from 1849: 1840: 1839: 1837: 1836: 1825: 1819: 1818: 1816: 1815: 1804: 1798: 1797: 1795: 1794: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1774: 1773: 1762: 1756: 1755: 1753: 1752: 1743:. Archived from 1736: 1730: 1729: 1727: 1726: 1704: 1698: 1697: 1695: 1694: 1683: 1677: 1676: 1674: 1673: 1664:. Archived from 1657: 1651: 1650: 1648: 1647: 1634: 1628: 1627: 1625: 1624: 1614:"Alfa Designers" 1610: 1604: 1600: 1591: 1590: 1588: 1587: 1578:. Archived from 1571: 1562: 1561: 1559: 1558: 1549:. Archived from 1542: 1449:Junkers Jumo 213 1445:Junkers Jumo 210 1441:Junkers Jumo 211 1349:"Genesis" engine 1321:"Genesis" engine 1232:with their 1924 1153:Cummins B Series 1134:Generation IV V8 999:Minica Dangan ZZ 997:engine in their 720:had a 4.9-liter 679:developed their 570:Sportscar racing 501:Bentley 6½ Litre 496:Bentley 4½ Litre 213:, and the 1.6 L 43:Nissan VQ engine 21: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3604: 3603: 3584: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3559: 3555:Top dead centre 3523: 3483: 3438: 3395: 3344: 3318: 3311: 3300: 3293: 3240: 3194: 3156: 3112:Tappet / lifter 3095:Flathead layout 3085: 3076: 2970: 2961: 2948: 2943: 2913: 2904: 2863: 2810: 2718: 2670: 2593: 2555: 2400: 2391: 2349: 2344: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2316: 2315: 2311: 2297: 2295: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2259: 2257: 2248: 2247: 2243: 2236: 2232: 2223: 2221: 2212: 2211: 2207: 2198: 2196: 2181:Yesterdays.nl. 2180: 2179: 2175: 2166: 2164: 2159: 2158: 2154: 2144: 2142: 2132: 2131: 2127: 2117: 2115: 2105: 2104: 2100: 2091: 2089: 2084: 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8 Litre 488:Bentley 3 Litre 467:Bugatti Type 13 382:Giuseppe Merosi 371: 358:Bugatti Type 18 319: 314: 312:Cars and trucks 263: 193:Genesis engines 87: 82: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3612: 3610: 3602: 3601: 3596: 3586: 3585: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3575: 3570: 3564: 3561: 3560: 3558: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3521: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3491: 3489: 3485: 3484: 3482: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3460: 3459: 3454: 3448: 3446: 3444:Cooling system 3440: 3439: 3437: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3405: 3403: 3401:Exhaust system 3397: 3396: 3394: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3371:Inlet manifold 3368: 3363: 3358: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3345: 3343: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3309: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3294: 3292: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3250: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3226:Fuel injection 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3202: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3193: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3166: 3164: 3158: 3157: 3155: 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2476: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2435: 2434: 2429: 2419: 2414: 2408: 2406: 2402: 2401: 2398:piston engines 2392: 2390: 2389: 2382: 2375: 2367: 2361: 2360: 2357:e-book library 2348: 2347:External links 2345: 2343: 2342: 2329: 2309: 2274: 2241: 2230: 2205: 2173: 2152: 2125: 2098: 2077: 2056: 2041: 2028:Brunn Racing. 2020: 1997: 1974: 1954: 1933: 1920:Richard Owen. 1912: 1891: 1870: 1841: 1820: 1799: 1778: 1757: 1731: 1707:PaulFreehill. 1699: 1678: 1652: 1629: 1605: 1592: 1563: 1533: 1529: 1526: 1503:Emile Dubonnet 1482: 1479: 1422:Maybach Mb.IVa 1409:Ettore Bugatti 1369: 1366: 1353: 1352: 1338: 1324: 1310: 1299: 1292: 1277: 1270: 1263: 1256: 1245:British Anzani 1241: 1222: 1212: 1184: 1181: 1164: 1161: 1128:(OHV) design. 1113: 1110: 1101: 1098: 1016:Toyota Corolla 1012:20-valve 4A-GE 968: 965: 884: 881: 831: 828: 786:Nissan Skyline 735:Quattrovalvole 694:Quattrovalvole 682:Quattrovalvole 667:Porsche 935/78 586:Nissan Skyline 536: 533: 453:Frank Lockhart 370: 367: 354:Ettore Bugatti 318: 315: 313: 310: 262: 259: 258: 257: 254: 251: 248: 245: 242: 239: 227: 226: 215:20-valve 4A-GE 188: 187: 175: 174: 151: 150: 86: 83: 81: 78: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3611: 3600: 3599:Engine valves 3597: 3595: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3565: 3562: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3526: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3486: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3461: 3458: 3457:Water cooling 3455: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3441: 3435: 3434:Oxygen sensor 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3398: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3351: 3349:Intake system 3347: 3341: 3340:Starter motor 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3322: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3279:Ignition coil 3277: 3275: 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350:"la Torpille" 347: 343: 338: 336: 333: 331: 325: 323: 316: 311: 309: 307: 306:engine tuning 304:, as part of 303: 299: 298:Rotary valves 295: 291: 287: 286:supercharging 283: 282:Turbocharging 276: 272: 267: 260: 255: 252: 249: 246: 243: 240: 237: 236: 235: 232: 225: 222: 221: 220: 218: 216: 212: 209: 205: 200: 198: 194: 186: 183: 182: 181: 179: 173: 170: 169: 168: 166: 164: 161: 157: 156:Ford F-Series 149: 146: 145: 144: 142: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 84: 79: 77: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 56: 52: 44: 41: 37: 36:cylinder head 32: 19: 3464:Electric fan 3264:Coil-on-plug 3190:Turbocharger 3185:Supercharger 3057:Main bearing 3047:Firing order 3037:Displacement 2983:Block heater 2967:Engine block 2955:Part of the 2954: 2890:Split-single 2676:Flat / boxer 2536:Swing-piston 2334:. 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filter 3199:Fuel system 3180:Intercooler 3147:Timing belt 3137:Head gasket 3067:Piston ring 2579:Five-stroke 2574:Four-stroke 2531:Split cycle 2469:Free-piston 2412:Atmospheric 1501:piloted by 1499:Le Dubonnet 1456:V12 engines 1430:Napier Lion 1418:World War I 1291:motorcycle. 1285:CX500 Turbo 1281:Honda CX500 1274:Honda CB400 1260:Honda XL250 1255:motorcycles 1193:Honda NR500 1183:Motorcycles 1136:which uses 1086:Octavia vRS 967:Five valves 950:V12 engines 939:Mazda B8-ME 898:, Nissan's 883:Four valves 870:valve train 852:Honda Civic 731:released a 729:Lamborghini 463:World War I 442:bootleggers 317:Before 1914 139:Mazda B8-ME 131:valve float 51:multi-valve 3588:Categories 3540:Power band 3500:Oil filter 3474:Thermostat 3419:EGT sensor 3381:MAF sensor 3376:MAP sensor 3361:Air filter 3325:Alternator 3284:Spark plug 3216:Carburetor 3142:Rocker arm 3082:Valvetrain 3013:Crankshaft 2957:Automobile 2584:Six-stroke 2569:Two-stroke 2486:Heron head 2444:Cam engine 2336:2011-12-23 2224:2015-12-23 2199:2011-12-27 2167:2011-12-27 2092:2011-12-26 2071:2011-12-26 2035:2011-12-30 2014:2011-12-30 1991:2011-12-23 1968:2011-12-23 1948:2011-12-22 1927:2011-12-22 1906:2011-12-23 1885:2011-12-23 1864:2011-12-27 1835:2011-12-23 1814:2011-12-23 1793:2011-12-23 1772:2011-12-23 1751:2011-12-23 1725:2011-12-23 1693:2011-12-23 1672:2011-12-23 1646:2011-12-26 1623:2011-12-30 1586:2011-12-23 1557:2011-12-23 1528:References 1426:Benz Bz.IV 1386:Benz Bz.IV 1340:1998–2006 1328:Yamaha TDM 1326:1991-2010 1234:Rudge Four 1100:Six valves 1070:Volkswagen 1026:V12, 1993 989:Mitsubishi 941:, and the 877:Citroën XM 809:Volkswagen 778:straight-4 535:After 1945 520:Duesenberg 378:Alfa Romeo 160:Ducati ST3 111:combustion 55:multivalve 38:of a four 3274:Glow plug 3236:Fuel tank 3231:Fuel pump 2998:Crankcase 2305:features. 2298:March 15, 2260:March 15, 2145:16 August 2118:16 August 1345:superbike 1167:The 1980 1104:In 1985, 1094:4A-GE 20V 1022:V8, 1991 1004:in 1989. 959:The 1993 925:engines, 875:The 1989 850:The 1975 820:GM Quad 4 767:Saab 9000 733:Countach 712:with the 665:The 1978 644:Lotus 907 634:The 1976 623:The 1975 613:Lotus 907 555:The 1967 526:The 1937 518:The 1935 231:decreases 3573:Category 3518:Dry sump 3514:Wet sump 3505:Oil pump 3469:Radiator 3386:Throttle 3246:Ignition 3117:Camshaft 3042:Flywheel 3023:Cylinder 3008:Crankpin 2516:Pentroof 2464:Flathead 2454:Compound 2432:Rotative 2193:Archived 1719:Archived 1487:Delahaye 1458:of many 1368:Aircraft 1179:engine. 1173:type 910 1138:pushrods 1106:Maserati 952:of many 935:R-series 931:J-series 927:D-series 923:F-series 807:In 1986 763:Saab 900 752:Cosworth 727:In 1985 605:Cosworth 577:Toyota 7 551:(right). 425:flathead 62:cylinder 18:16 valve 3545:Redline 3429:Muffler 3330:Battery 3254:Magneto 2724:V / Vee 2541:Uniflow 2474:Stelzer 2449:Camless 2427:Cornish 2188:YouTube 1714:YouTube 1509:, near 1437:Junkers 1209:Peugeot 1142:Cummins 1112:Pushrod 1054:Ferrari 1046:Bugatti 1002:kei car 972:Peugeot 914:valves. 900:Neo VVL 722:flat-12 691:Mondial 677:Ferrari 652:BMW M88 484:Bentley 478:Peugeot 472:Brescia 459:Bugatti 434:Bearcat 432:famous 363:Type 35 342:Peugeot 256:8 = 61% 253:7 = 64% 250:6 = 66% 247:5 = 68% 244:4 = 68% 241:3 = 64% 238:2 = 50% 211:Dino V8 208:Ferrari 107:exhaust 3568:Portal 3356:Airbox 3335:Dynamo 3062:Piston 3052:Stroke 3031:layout 2959:series 2885:Radial 2875:Deltic 2521:Rotary 2439:Bourke 2327: 1515:France 1507:Juvisy 1474:diesel 1318:Yamaha 1253:McEvoy 1216:Indian 1171:(with 1151:, the 1149:diesel 1090:Toyota 1088:) and 1050:EB 110 1040:YZ450F 1036:YZ250F 1008:Yamaha 706:Ducati 671:flat-6 660:BMW M5 656:BMW M6 648:BMW M1 413:T-head 271:i-AVLS 197:Yamaha 163:V-twin 117:, and 103:intake 91:valves 66:valves 58:engine 45:engine 3528:Other 3152:Valve 3122:Chest 2868:Other 2551:Wedge 2417:Axial 1511:Paris 1495:Titan 1481:Boats 1470:AE300 1384:1916 1312:1985 1294:1978 1279:1978 1272:1977 1265:1973 1258:1972 1243:1923 1224:1921 1214:1915 1207:1914 1082:Skoda 983:Nardo 920:Honda 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