30:
37:
280:
starting on 5 August, with the last major one occurring just half an hour before the mainshock on 13 August. The main shock lasted for 40 seconds, with three separate peaks in intensity. 30 aftershocks followed within the first 8 minutes. The aftershocks continued for nearly two and a half years, the
402:
The damage at Aleppo was so severe that many people moved out of the city and most of the old centre was left unrepaired, with some new houses being built using wooden frames outside the ruined walls. The moat became filled with rubble from damaged buildings. The earthquake was one of the reasons
534:
Darawcheh, R.; Abdul-wahed, M.K.; Hasan, A. (2019). "The 13th-August-1822 Aleppo
Earthquake: Implications for the Seismic Hazard Assessment at the Antakia Triple Junction". In Sundararajan, N.; Eshagh, N.; Meghraoui, M.; Al-Garni, M.; Giroux, B. (eds.).
220:, affecting nearby coasts. Damaging aftershocks continued for more than two years, with the most destructive being on 5 September 1822. The earthquake was felt over a large area including
1047:
712:
537:
On
Significant Applications of Geophysical Methods. CAJG 2018. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation (IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development)
666:
National
Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
936:
232:. The total death toll reported for this whole earthquake sequence ranges between 30,000 and 60,000, although 20,000 is regarded as a more likely number.
578:"Global Positioning System measurements of strain accumulation and slip transfer through the restraining bend along the Dead Sea fault system in Lebanon"
705:
303:
found no evidence for a tsunami (seismic sea-wave) associated with this event. However, one source reports a tsunami that affected the coasts of
29:
552:
252:
at a rate of about 5 mm per year. The northernmost segment of the fault zone has been the location of many major earthquakes, including the
1042:
1067:
971:
929:
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1016:
903:
945:
721:
412:
109:
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1052:
893:
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Gomez, F.; Karam, G.; Khawlie, M.; McClusky S.; Vernant P.; Reilinger R.; Jaafar R.; Tabet C.; Khair K.; Barazangi M. (2007).
1062:
922:
898:
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350:
in modern Syria. In the northernmost affected area, complete or near complete destruction was reported from the towns of
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961:
781:
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213:
168:
883:
852:
1037:
1006:
857:
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443:"The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D."
200:
84:
996:
966:
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878:
837:
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661:
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991:
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most damaging of which occurred on 5 September 1822. The mainshock was felt with an intensity of VII (
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862:
801:
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501:
199:
of Turkey) was struck by a major earthquake on 13 August 1822. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.0
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285:) or greater on the EMS intensity scale over a large area, reaching a maximum of IX (
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that Aleppo became less important as a commercial centre during this period.
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326:, which branches off the Missyaf Fault, part of the Dead Sea Transform.
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The earthquake caused severe damage over a large area, extending from
673:
391:
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It has been proposed that the earthquake was caused by left lateral
240:
Aleppo is located close to the zone of faulting associated with the
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383:
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351:
918:
694:
627:
Khair, K.; Karakaisis, G.F.; Papadimitriou, E.E. (2000).
629:"Seismic zonation of the Dead Sea Transform Fault area"
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Sbeinati, M.R.; Darawcheh, R. & Mouty, M. (2005).
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276:The earthquake sequence began with a series of
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930:
706:
8:
1048:19th-century disasters in the Ottoman Empire
19:
937:
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660:National Geophysical Data Center (1972).
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490:"Temporary seismic quiescence: SE Turkey"
201:
85:
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248:is moving northwards relative to the
7:
208:and a maximum felt intensity of IX (
16:Earthquake affecting the Middle East
515:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1989.tb04453.x
382:, Jisr al-Shughur, Khan Shiekhun,
14:
582:Geophysical Journal International
494:Geophysical Journal International
413:List of earthquakes in the Levant
603:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03328.x
35:
28:
216:(EMS). It may have triggered a
161:
539:. Springer. pp. 179–181.
1:
545:10.1007/978-3-030-01656-2_40
322:movement on the 140 km long
195:(now northern Syria and the
662:"Tsunami Event Information"
214:European macroseismic scale
1089:
1043:1822 in the Ottoman Empire
1068:Earthquakes in the Levant
952:
722:Earthquakes in the Levant
394:were similarly affected.
191:The northern part of the
24:
488:Ambraseys, N.N. (1989).
52:13 August 1822
1073:Strike-slip earthquakes
99:18 km (11 mi)
1053:1822 disasters in Asia
751:528 Antioch earthquake
746:526 Antioch earthquake
736:115 Antioch earthquake
20:1822 Aleppo earthquake
756:551 Beirut earthquake
342:in modern Turkey and
1063:Earthquakes in Syria
946:Earthquakes in Syria
894:1969 Sharm El Sheikh
633:Annals of Geophysics
450:Annals of Geophysics
594:2007GeoJI.168.1021G
506:1989GeoJI..96..311A
121: /
21:
1058:August 1822 events
972:1033 Jordan Valley
899:1995 Gulf of Aqaba
787:1033 Jordan Valley
309:Gulf of Iskenderun
242:Dead Sea Transform
1025:
1024:
1017:2023 Turkey–Syria
912:
911:
904:2023 Turkey–Syria
554:978-3-030-01656-2
189:
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1080:
1038:1822 earthquakes
962:859 Syrian coast
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782:859 Syrian coast
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588:(3): 1021–1028.
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370:. Further south
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236:Tectonic setting
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125:36.10°N 36.75°E
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500:(2): 311–331.
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348:Khan Sheikhun
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250:African Plate
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246:Arabian Plate
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185:20,000–60,000
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1001:
997:1796 Latakia
967:991 Damascus
957:847 Damascus
879:1927 Jericho
872:Contemporary
853:1837 Galilee
842:
838:1796 Latakia
777:847 Damascus
677:. Retrieved
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460:22 September
458:. Retrieved
456:(3): 347–435
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244:, where the
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209:
190:
171:
130:36.10; 36.75
1002:1822 Aleppo
977:1138 Aleppo
843:1822 Aleppo
826:Ottoman era
797:1138 Aleppo
772:749 Galilee
765:Middle ages
741:363 Galilee
729:Classic era
679:14 November
320:strike-slip
287:destructive
262:1138 Aleppo
254:115 Antioch
210:Destructive
172:Destructive
170:EMS-98 IX (
155:Strike-slip
128: /
1032:Categories
992:1344 Syria
987:1202 Syria
982:1170 Syria
817:1344 Syria
812:1202 Syria
807:1170 Syria
613:1885/36424
419:References
278:foreshocks
272:Earthquake
266:1170 Syria
182:Casualties
75:40 seconds
56:1822-08-13
1012:1872 Amik
889:1956 Chim
863:1872 Amik
802:1157 Hama
639:: 61–79.
563:135271551
398:Aftermath
336:Gaziantep
301:Ambraseys
295:Al-Qusayr
212:) on the
164:intensity
104:Epicenter
80:Magnitude
407:See also
283:damaging
268:events.
72:Duration
590:Bibcode
502:Bibcode
380:Darkush
372:Armanaz
356:Araplar
340:Antakya
305:Lebanon
218:tsunami
116:36°45′E
113:36°06′N
54: (
561:
551:
392:Maarat
364:Kehriz
344:Aleppo
330:Damage
313:Cyprus
307:, the
226:Cyprus
222:Rhodes
559:S2CID
446:(PDF)
388:Idlib
384:Ariha
376:Harem
368:Sağçe
352:Kilis
289:) at
141:Fault
96:Depth
67:21:50
681:2021
549:ISBN
462:2011
390:and
366:and
360:Burç
311:and
293:and
264:and
230:Gaza
228:and
162:Max.
151:Type
83:7.0
670:doi
641:doi
608:hdl
598:doi
586:168
541:doi
510:doi
346:to
338:to
1034::
668:.
664:.
637:43
635:.
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606:.
596:.
584:.
580:.
557:.
547:.
524:^
508:.
498:96
496:.
492:.
470:^
454:48
452:.
448:.
427:^
386:,
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374:,
362:,
358:,
315:.
297:.
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643::
616:.
610::
600::
592::
565:.
543::
518:.
512::
504::
464:.
204:s
202:M
174:)
88:s
86:M
58:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
