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hanged on 25 January. The Duke accused the
Nottingham magistrates and the Home Office of failing to prevent the riots and, after a lengthy dispute, was awarded £21,000 in damages in August 1832. In protest at the event the Duke refused to restore the castle and the burnt shell stood on the site for some time afterwards. He also halted works on
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and so Grey's government was recalled. The Whigs voted a Third Reform Bill through the House of
Commons and it was sent to the House of Lords. The king, who had previously been opposed to reform, now agreed to use his powers to create enough new pro-reform peers to overcome the Tory majority in the
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The rejection of the bill and the second resignation of Grey resulted in a period of political upheaval which has since been characterised as "the closest that
Britain came to revolution". Inhabitants of cities and towns were angry at the failure to pass the bill and there were serious disturbances
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On 4 January 1832, 26 men arrested during the riots were tried by a special commission, the local magistrates being suspected of having possible sympathies with the defendants. Eight of these men were found guilty, though none were brought to justice for the attack on the castle, and three were
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in the city for the annual assizes on 29 October. Wetherell's carriage was attacked and civic and military authorities lost control of the situation. There followed two days of rioting and looting in which much of the city centre was burned and prisoners freed from the jails. The riots were
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Rioting broke out in
Nottingham on 9 October upon learning of the defeat of the bill. This was initially directed against the private houses of known opponents of reform. On 10 October a public meeting turned to violence, the attendees marched on
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The act removed many of the rotten boroughs and granted new seats to the industrial towns and cities. The franchise was, on the whole, extended being granted to any man who owned property worth £10 or more. In some boroughs, the so-called
244:, was court-martialled for his actions in the event though killed himself before he could be sentenced. A royal commission found the corporation incapable of controlling the city and it was subsequently reformed by the
491:"Two documents concerning the Nottingham reform riots of 1831, comprising affidavit regarding damage to the property of Dr A. Manson, and warrant to the Sheriffs of the town and county of Nottingham, 1831 - Archives Hub"
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upper house. This action did not need to be carried out as the Tory lords, threatened with an influx of Whigs, abstained on the vote and the bill passed. The bill, afterwards known as the
115:(MPs) elected to represent constituencies. The areas covered by the constituencies had not been amended to reflect population change and so there were many so-called
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big enough to boil a cauldron. Local government was investigated by the Royal
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had no MPs. The franchise was small with only 5% of the
British populace able to cast a vote at a general election.
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brought to an end on 31 October by which time £300,000 of damage had been caused and up to 250 casualties incurred.
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to introduce a Reform Bill to address the matter. This was defeated in parliament and the prime minister,
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The
Bristol Corporation, the local authority, was criticised for its handling of the riots. Its mayor,
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cavalry regiment was deployed to the city. Full-scale riots erupted in
Bristol, Nottingham and Derby.
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was tried for neglect of duty and found not guilty. The military commander, Lieutenant-Colonel
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in London, Leicester, Yeovil, Sherborne, Exeter, Bath and
Worcester. The disturbances in
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142:. This passed in the House of Commons, but was defeated in the Lords on 8 October 1831.
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was defeated in
Parliament in October 1831. There were civil disturbances in London,
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was burnt on 11 October, the same day the riots ceased. The Duke was able to gather
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The 3rd Dragoon Guards acting to suppress the Bristol riots on 31 October
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Rioting took place in Bristol after the arrival of anti-reform judge
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107:. In the early 19th-century the House of Lords was populated by
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and his own tenants to successfully defend his residence at
557:. Manchester University Press. p. Colour Plate 6.
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The Bristol Riots of 1831 and Social Reform in Britain
269:. The first meeting of the reformed House of Commons
99:The British parliament consists of two houses: the
592:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
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273:Grey resigned after the loss of the vote and King
190:, who was away at parliament. Jails in Derby and
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583:"Pinney, Charles (1793–1867), mayor of Bristol"
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310:applied reforms to many, including Bristol.
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194:were also attacked and Lowe's Silk Mill in
188:Henry Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle
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167:Nottingham Castle on Fire, 10 October 1831
126:In March 1831, an attempt was made by the
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150:were so severe that the British Army's
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554:Nottingham: An Illustrated History
368:"The 1831 Reform Riots in Bristol"
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95:British Prime Minister Earl Grey
462:. E. Mellen Press. p. vi.
308:Municipal Corporations Act 1835
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703:Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey
341:Power, Politics and Protest
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262:The House of Commons, 1833
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75:, home of the anti-reform
252:Passing of the Reform Act
16:British civil disturbance
429:Williams, Chris (2006).
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652:The Bristol Riots
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283:Days of May
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672:Categories
615:required.)
314:References
275:William IV
178:, home of
148:Birmingham
121:Manchester
87:Background
61:Nottingham
192:Markeaton
132:Earl Grey
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