31:
2965:
it will be required in other places and they will not attempt to disguise the pleasure it would give them as
Citizens and as Workingmen to see a reformation taking place under the auspices of the Government" The labor press carried the news as far south as the Carolinas, and a wave of successful strikes followed in its wake. Strikes for the ten-hour day hit towns such as New Brunswick and Paterson, New Jersey, Batavia and Seneca Falls, New York, Hartford, Connecticut, and Salem, Massachusetts. By the end of 1835, the ten-hour day had become the standard for most city laborers who worked by the day with the exception of workers in Boston. Subsequently, the ten-hour day became an integral part of the labor movement in Europe.
2875:
and early summer. For some trades this worked out to a manageable average over the course of a year, but for the construction trades in particular, a business marked by heavy unemployment during the winter months owing to the weather, this state of affairs was regarded as an intolerable burden. As a result, the idea emerged that the length of the work day should be fixed by time rather than the rise and fall of the sun, and agitation for a ten-hour day began.
2920:
2911:
in
Philadelphia to organize their own strike that year for a ten-hour workday. The president of the Carpenter's Society of Philadelphia, William Thompson, told Seth Luther that "the carpenters considered the Boston circular had broken their shackles, loosened their chains, and made them free from the galling yoke of excessive labor."
2935:
On June 6, a mass meeting of workers, lawyers, doctors, and a few businessmen, was held in the State House courtyard. The meeting unanimously adopted a set of resolutions giving full support to the workers' demand for wage increases and a shorter workday, as well as increased wages for women workers
2964:
The news of the strikers' success spread to other cities and was given large coverage. On 29 August 1836, a committee of
Philadelphia Navy Yard mechanics, wrote to President Andrew Jackson,pleading the ten hour system be expanded, " The Committee are sure that if the example is set in Philadelphia
2948:, wrote to the Board of Navy Commissioners, "The Mechanics in this city of all denominations have recently made, as it is termed, a turnout, for a regulation in the hours of labor, and so general...there is no probability they will secede from their demands" After which, on August 26, 1835 Commodore
2943:
The strike quickly came to a close after city public works employees joined the action. The
Philadelphia city government announced that the "hours of labour of the working men employed under the authority of the city corporation would be from 'six to six' during the summers season, allowing one hour
2910:
During the strike, the Boston workers organized a travelling committee and requested the assistance of workers in other cities. The Boston circular was well received by workers throughout the country. Although the Boston strike was eventually defeated, the circular was pivotal in motivating workers
2906:
and two other workers as leaders, and they issued a circular stating their demands. The circular read in part "We have been too long subjected to the odious, cruel, unjust and tyrannical system which compels the operative mechanic to exhaust his physical and mental powers. We have rights and duties
2874:
Prior to the shorter work day movement, employers had hired and paid workers on the basis of the agriculture working day of "sun to sun" (sunrise to sunset) – a situation which meant comparatively short hours in the winter months but days extending to as many as fifteen hours during the late spring
2931:
coal wharves the same year went on strike for a ten-hour day. Three hundred workers marched on the coal wharves. They were led by a worker with a sword who threatened death to anyone who crossed the picket line and unloaded coal from the 75 vessels waiting in the water. The coal heavers were soon
2944:
for breakfast, and one for dinner." On June 22, three weeks after the coal heavers initially struck, the ten-hour system and an increase in wages for piece-workers was adopted in the city. On 8 July 1835, the
Commandant of the Philadelphia Navy Yard,
1918:
885:
1169:
157:
1930:
1570:
1973:
2392:
1648:
1512:
1841:
2160:
1328:
2866:
in North
America and involved some 20,000 workers who struck for a ten-hour workday and increased wages. The strike ended in workers successfully negotiating for and securing both.
2025:
114:
2614:
626:
1251:
30:
878:
1847:
1750:
1162:
150:
2505:
1756:
472:
1019:
1563:
379:
225:
2343:
3219:
1069:
871:
2759:
771:
2932:
joined by workers from many other trades, including leather dressers, printers, carpenters, bricklayers, masons, house painters, bakers, and city employees.
2385:
1967:
1641:
1414:
1155:
1032:
143:
1912:
1859:
580:
2153:
1884:
1720:
1481:
1321:
478:
2542:
2331:
2018:
1556:
107:
2478:
1823:
928:
2607:
1774:
1689:
1408:
1222:
947:
619:
423:
319:
1038:
339:
3214:
1934:
1853:
1768:
1596:
207:
3169:
3146:
3234:
2378:
2197:
1634:
1365:
280:
2466:
1257:
1239:
1208:
977:
2979:
2355:
2349:
2179:
2146:
1942:
1817:
1708:
1314:
1194:
934:
250:
1871:
592:
2804:
2548:
2245:
2233:
2227:
2058:
2011:
1681:
816:
100:
2554:
2902:
In 1835 Boston carpenters went on strike again for a ten-hour workday and were soon joined by masons and stone-cutters. The strikers chose
2600:
2263:
1979:
1811:
1805:
1744:
1487:
612:
1001:
2300:
2203:
372:
1732:
547:
2779:
2729:
2695:
2460:
2435:
2294:
2221:
2209:
2185:
2126:
1469:
1463:
1371:
1202:
1093:
791:
741:
707:
2724:
2337:
2318:
2306:
2281:
2257:
2251:
1530:
1457:
1420:
1099:
736:
284:
3017:
History of the Labor
Movement in the United States, Vol. 1, From Colonial Times to the Founding of The American Federation of Labor
1938:
1926:
1402:
1087:
262:
188:
3224:
2064:
1991:
1922:
1438:
1426:
916:
1044:
2899:, similarly struck for a ten-hour workday in 1825 and 1832. However, the strikes were unsuccessful at shortening the work day.
2676:
2573:
2523:
2511:
2275:
1782:
1518:
1383:
1135:
910:
688:
574:
300:
294:
2907:
to perform as
American citizens and members of society, which forbid us to dispose of more than ten hours for a day's work."
2753:
2747:
2215:
1865:
1835:
1792:
1614:
1608:
765:
759:
541:
531:
453:
365:
406:
2883:
During the 1820s and 1830s, a number of strikes were commenced to shorten the work day. In June 1827 some 600 Philadelphia
3229:
2828:
2765:
2741:
2701:
2666:
2655:
2454:
2239:
1900:
1714:
1444:
1377:
1353:
1056:
840:
777:
753:
713:
678:
667:
313:
288:
2949:
3131:
Proceedings of the
Government and Citizens of Philadelphia on the Reduction of the Hours of Labor, and Increase of Wages
2974:
2816:
2798:
2560:
2472:
2423:
2191:
1602:
1536:
828:
810:
2269:
2953:
2839:
2833:
2810:
2792:
2771:
2735:
2689:
2649:
2517:
2312:
1948:
995:
851:
845:
822:
804:
783:
747:
701:
661:
1726:
1675:
1216:
2822:
2089:
1954:
1493:
1050:
834:
268:
256:
66:
3239:
2499:
2493:
2072:
1762:
1590:
1475:
274:
237:
2956:, signed a circular order, which was transmitted to all Naval Yards establishing the new workday as ten hours.
971:
525:
519:
1123:
2712:
2660:
1888:
1786:
1117:
953:
724:
672:
551:
511:
498:
2707:
1906:
1829:
1738:
1432:
1269:
1129:
983:
922:
719:
492:
484:
3166:
3143:
2896:
2120:
1985:
1105:
965:
447:
345:
201:
2107:
2095:
1695:
1081:
989:
586:
459:
2085:
1288:
1235:
1111:
327:
2441:
1524:
1282:
1263:
1075:
1007:
435:
219:
182:
2529:
2429:
2417:
2101:
557:
515:
429:
412:
333:
231:
2989:
2928:
2919:
2895:
carpenters—went on strike for the citywide establishment of the ten-hour day. Carpenters in
2892:
2670:
2050:
1499:
1359:
1294:
682:
561:
439:
3173:
3150:
2484:
535:
488:
123:
2984:
2863:
2624:
1389:
1245:
1013:
959:
636:
418:
3187:"The Working People of Philadelphia from Colonial Times to the General Strike of 1835"
3097:"The Working People of Philadelphia from Colonial Times to the General Strike of 1835"
3074:"The Working People of Philadelphia from Colonial Times to the General Strike of 1835"
1894:
1626:
3208:
2937:
77:
3186:
3096:
3073:
2945:
2859:
2370:
2138:
2903:
2718:
730:
213:
2888:
2884:
443:
389:
863:
92:
2003:
1147:
135:
3163:
The
Philadelphia Navy Yard in 1835 & the Birth of the Ten-Hour Day
3167:
http://www.usgwarchives.net/va/portsmouth/shipyard/sharp/philany.html
3144:
http://www.usgwarchives.net/va/portsmouth/shipyard/sharp/philany.html
1548:
1306:
2918:
2592:
604:
2927:
Influenced by events in Boston, unskilled Irish workers on the
2596:
2374:
2142:
2007:
1630:
1552:
1310:
1151:
867:
608:
361:
139:
96:
357:
3119:
Documentary History of American Industrial Society, Vol. VI
3057:
Documentary History of American Industrial Society, Vol. VI
2923:
Shipyard workers advocating for ten-hour day, 1835.
83:
73:
61:
42:
23:
16:1835 general strike in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
3027:
3025:
3019:, International Publishers, 1975, pages 116–118
3191:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
3101:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
3078:Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
2608:
2386:
2154:
2019:
1642:
1564:
1322:
1163:
879:
620:
373:
151:
108:
8:
3039:
3037:
2615:
2601:
2593:
2393:
2379:
2371:
2161:
2147:
2139:
2026:
2012:
2004:
1649:
1635:
1627:
1571:
1557:
1549:
1329:
1315:
1307:
1170:
1156:
1148:
886:
872:
864:
627:
613:
605:
380:
366:
358:
158:
144:
136:
115:
101:
93:
35:Carpenter's Association banner promoting
29:
20:
2940:who worked his men more than ten hours.
3011:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2980:1835 Washington Navy Yard labor strike
7:
3220:General strikes in the United States
3067:
3065:
3051:
3049:
3031:Sumner, "Citizenship," pp. 186–187.
24:Philadelphia general strike of 1835
14:
3185:Bernstein, Leonard (1950-06-30).
3095:Bernstein, Leonard (1950-06-30).
3072:Bernstein, Leonard (1950-06-30).
2856:1835 Philadelphia general strike
2402:Textile strikes in United States
3215:1835 labor disputes and strikes
3043:Sumner, "Citizenship," pg. 186.
1513:Patco (air traffic controllers)
87:Ten-hour workday, wage increase
3235:Labor disputes in Pennsylvania
2170:North American transit strikes
1:
2975:1835 Paterson textile strike
2954:Board of Navy Commissioners
2506:Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills
3256:
2860:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
67:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
37:the ten-hour workday, 1835
2634:
2408:
2176:
2041:
1769:St. Petersburg sanitation
1666:
1586:
1344:
1185:
901:
646:
581:US Bituminous coal strike
575:US Bituminous coal strike
542:Indiana bituminous strike
397:
226:northern Minnesota lumber
173:
132:
46:June 6–22, 1835
28:
3142:Sharp, John G.M., Ibid,
2887:carpenters—that is, the
1974:University of California
1415:Illinois Central shopmen
895:US manufacturing strikes
520:Battle of Blair Mountain
125:Labor disputes by sector
3225:History of Philadelphia
2035:Steel strikes in the US
1020:International Harvester
593:Warrior Met Coal strike
552:Columbine Mine massacre
532:UMW General Coal Strike
512:West Virginia coal wars
499:Hartford coal mine riot
281:California agricultural
2924:
2127:Allegheny Technologies
2059:U.S. Steel recognition
1470:NYC teamsters truckers
1384:New Orleans waterfront
1094:St. Paul Park refinery
526:Alabama miners' strike
485:Colorado Coalfield War
454:Anthracite coal strike
424:Bituminous coal strike
407:Mahoning Valley strike
263:Vacaville tree pruners
2936:and a boycott of any
2922:
2897:Boston, Massachusetts
2090:Memorial Day massacre
1537:Montreal longshoremen
1464:Minneapolis teamsters
1458:West Coast waterfront
1421:West Coast waterfront
1354:Great Railroad Strike
448:Carterville Mine Riot
320:Puget Sound fishermen
3230:1835 in Pennsylvania
2862:. It was the first
2555:Lewiston-Auburn shoe
1751:Cleveland convention
1660:in the United States
1476:Vancouver waterfront
1179:Metal mining strikes
587:Pittston Coal strike
548:Colorado Coal Strike
479:Paint Creek mine war
460:Carbon county strike
167:Agricultural strikes
2543:Los Angeles garment
2461:New York shirtwaist
1783:Baltimore municipal
1519:SEPTA Regional Rail
1482:Gulf Coast maritime
1439:Portland waterfront
1236:Colorado Labor Wars
1136:United Auto Workers
1039:International Paper
473:Westmoreland strike
340:Watsonville Cannery
257:Santa Clara cannery
238:Imperial cantaloupe
3172:2022-03-01 at the
3161:Sharp, John G.M.,
3149:2022-03-01 at the
2925:
1836:Broadway musicians
1793:Atlanta sanitation
1763:Memphis sanitation
1580:Sanitation strikes
1433:Seattle waterfront
436:Illinois coal wars
285:Santa Clara cherry
3015:Philip S. Foner,
2849:
2848:
2590:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2365:
2364:
2180:Streetcar strikes
2136:
2135:
2065:Pressed Steel Car
2001:
2000:
1824:Detroit newspaper
1715:Fleischer Studios
1624:
1623:
1546:
1545:
1427:NYC Harbor Strike
1409:New Orleans Levee
1403:Chicago teamsters
1378:Buffalo switchmen
1338:Transport strikes
1304:
1303:
1145:
1144:
1088:Bath shipbuilders
861:
860:
602:
601:
558:Harlan County War
516:Battle of Matewan
430:Lattimer massacre
413:Morewood massacre
355:
354:
208:Seattle fishermen
91:
90:
3247:
3240:June 1835 events
3199:
3198:
3182:
3176:
3159:
3153:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3069:
3060:
3053:
3044:
3041:
3032:
3029:
3020:
3013:
2990:Haymarket affair
2929:Schuylkill River
2805:French Caribbean
2671:Haymarket Affair
2629:
2627:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2594:
2489:
2442:North Adams shoe
2436:New England shoe
2403:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2372:
2295:Century Airlines
2171:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2140:
2036:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2005:
1727:Disney animators
1661:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1628:
1581:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1550:
1339:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1308:
1180:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1149:
917:El Paso smelters
896:
888:
881:
874:
865:
817:French Caribbean
683:Haymarket Affair
641:
639:
629:
622:
615:
606:
562:Battle of Evarts
440:Battle of Virden
392:
382:
375:
368:
359:
301:Stockton cannery
251:Imperial lettuce
168:
160:
153:
146:
137:
126:
117:
110:
103:
94:
57:
55:
51:
33:
21:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3174:Wayback Machine
3160:
3156:
3151:Wayback Machine
3141:
3137:
3129:
3125:
3116:
3112:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3054:
3047:
3042:
3035:
3030:
3023:
3014:
3003:
2998:
2971:
2962:
2917:
2881:
2879:Boston circular
2872:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2630:
2626:General strikes
2625:
2623:
2621:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2561:Montreal Cotton
2487:
2467:Chicago garment
2404:
2401:
2399:
2368:
2366:
2361:
2252:Bloomington, IL
2172:
2169:
2167:
2137:
2132:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2002:
1997:
1955:Stop & Shop
1842:CA supermarkets
1662:
1659:
1658:Service strikes
1657:
1655:
1625:
1620:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1547:
1542:
1445:Railway shopmen
1366:Great Southwest
1340:
1337:
1335:
1305:
1300:
1195:Upper Peninsula
1181:
1178:
1176:
1146:
1141:
1047: 1986–1987
1041: 1987-1988
897:
894:
892:
862:
857:
642:
638:General strikes
637:
635:
633:
603:
598:
536:Herrin massacre
489:Ludlow Massacre
393:
388:
386:
356:
351:
183:Thibodaux sugar
169:
166:
164:
128:
124:
121:
69:
53:
49:
47:
38:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3253:
3251:
3243:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3177:
3154:
3135:
3123:
3117:Commons, ed.,
3110:
3087:
3061:
3055:Commons, ed.,
3045:
3033:
3021:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2985:Eight-hour day
2982:
2977:
2970:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2916:
2915:General strike
2913:
2880:
2877:
2871:
2868:
2864:general strike
2858:took place in
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2837:
2831:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2776:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2727:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2674:
2664:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2375:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2143:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2124:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2068:
2062:
2055:
2054:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1895:Fight for $ 15
1892:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1790:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1686:
1685:
1679:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1631:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1597:St. Petersburg
1594:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1390:Pullman Strike
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1311:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1258:Copper Country
1255:
1249:
1243:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1213:
1212:
1206:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1152:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1070:Oil refineries
1066:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1051:General Motors
1048:
1042:
1036:
1033:Todd Shipyards
1029:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
1002:General Motors
999:
996:General Motors
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
966:Flint sit-down
963:
957:
951:
944:
943:
939:
938:
932:
926:
920:
914:
907:
906:
902:
899:
898:
893:
891:
890:
883:
876:
868:
859:
858:
856:
855:
849:
843:
838:
832:
826:
820:
814:
808:
801:
800:
796:
795:
788:
787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
757:
751:
745:
739:
734:
728:
722:
717:
711:
705:
698:
697:
693:
692:
686:
676:
670:
665:
659:
652:
651:
647:
644:
643:
634:
632:
631:
624:
617:
609:
600:
599:
597:
596:
590:
584:
578:
571:
570:
566:
565:
555:
545:
539:
529:
523:
508:
507:
503:
502:
496:
493:The 10-Day War
482:
476:
469:
468:
464:
463:
457:
451:
433:
427:
421:
419:Coal Creek War
416:
410:
403:
402:
398:
395:
394:
387:
385:
384:
377:
370:
362:
353:
352:
350:
349:
343:
337:
331:
324:
323:
317:
314:Hawaiian sugar
310:
309:
305:
304:
298:
292:
289:El Monte berry
278:
272:
269:Wisconsin milk
266:
260:
254:
247:
246:
242:
241:
235:
232:Hanapepe sugar
229:
223:
220:Wheatland hops
217:
211:
205:
198:
197:
193:
192:
189:Cotton pickers
186:
179:
178:
174:
171:
170:
165:
163:
162:
155:
148:
140:
134:
133:
130:
129:
122:
120:
119:
112:
105:
97:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
63:
59:
58:
44:
40:
39:
34:
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3252:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3091:
3088:
3084:(3): 336–337.
3083:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2966:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2939:
2938:coal merchant
2933:
2930:
2921:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2889:wage laborers
2886:
2878:
2876:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2725:San Francisco
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2667:First May Day
2665:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2628:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2575:
2574:NYC Chinatown
2572:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2500:Ipswich Mills
2498:
2495:
2494:Paterson silk
2492:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2357:
2356:Lyft and Uber
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2338:New York City
2336:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2319:New York City
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2307:New York City
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2204:San Francisco
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2006:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1980:Writers Guild
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1968:UC Santa Cruz
1966:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1901:Tacoma nurses
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1860:Writers Guild
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1812:Writers Guild
1810:
1807:
1806:Writers Guild
1804:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1745:Writers Guild
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1696:Boston police
1694:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1562:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1332:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1270:Anaconda Road
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1240:Idaho Springs
1237:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1223:Coeur d'Alene
1221:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1209:Cripple Creek
1207:
1204:
1203:Coeur d'Alene
1201:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
990:Chrysler Auto
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
945:
941:
940:
936:
935:Boston cigars
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
908:
904:
903:
900:
889:
884:
882:
877:
875:
870:
869:
866:
853:
850:
847:
844:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
802:
798:
797:
793:
790:
789:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
738:
737:San Francisco
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
699:
695:
694:
690:
687:
684:
680:
679:First May Day
677:
674:
671:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
653:
649:
648:
645:
640:
630:
625:
623:
618:
616:
611:
610:
607:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
572:
569:1940s – 2020s
568:
567:
563:
559:
556:
553:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
517:
513:
510:
509:
506:1920s – 1930s
505:
504:
500:
497:
494:
490:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
470:
466:
465:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
445:
441:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
404:
401:1870s – 1900s
400:
399:
396:
391:
383:
378:
376:
371:
369:
364:
363:
360:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
325:
321:
318:
315:
312:
311:
308:1940s–present
307:
306:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
286:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
258:
255:
252:
249:
248:
244:
243:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
214:Grabow lumber
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
199:
195:
194:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
176:
175:
172:
161:
156:
154:
149:
147:
142:
141:
138:
131:
127:
118:
113:
111:
106:
104:
99:
98:
95:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
45:
41:
32:
27:
22:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3162:
3157:
3138:
3133:, pages 4-10
3130:
3126:
3118:
3113:
3104:
3100:
3090:
3081:
3077:
3056:
3016:
2963:
2950:John Rodgers
2946:James Barron
2942:
2934:
2926:
2909:
2901:
2891:employed by
2882:
2873:
2855:
2853:
2696:Philadelphia
2644:Philadelphia
2643:
2479:Little Falls
2367:
2301:Philadelphia
2246:Portland, ME
2228:Indianapolis
2222:Philadelphia
2192:Indianapolis
2178:
2086:Little Steel
1818:SF newspaper
1775:NYC teachers
1709:Seattle Post
1500:Longshoremen
1289:Murdochville
1100:Volvo Trucks
972:Akron rubber
948:Tampa cigars
929:Standard Oil
708:Philadelphia
656:Philadelphia
655:
328:Delano grape
295:Great lumber
2904:Seth Luther
2730:Minneapolis
2677:New Orleans
2568:1980s–2000s
2537:1930s–1970s
2524:New Bedford
2512:New England
2449:1900s–1920s
2326:1980s–2020s
2289:1930s–1970s
2282:New Orleans
2270:New Orleans
2264:Los Angeles
2258:Twin Cities
2198:Los Angeles
2115:1980s–2020s
2080:1930s–1970s
2073:Great Steel
2045:1800s–1920s
1992:Video games
1945:) 2018–2019
1931:Los Angeles
1913:Video games
1848:UM Janitors
1800:1980s–2000s
1703:1930s–1970s
1682:NYC waiters
1670:1800s–1920s
1507:1980s–2000s
1488:NYC tugboat
1452:1930s–1970s
1397:1900s–1920s
1283:Empire Zinc
1277:1930s–1970s
1230:1900s–1920s
1118:Heaven Hill
1064:2010s–2020s
1027:1980s–2000s
942:1930s–1970s
905:1800s–1920s
742:Minneapolis
689:New Orleans
560:1931–1939 (
438:1898–1900 (
342:(1985–1987)
330:(1965–1970)
275:Yakima hops
196:1900s–1920s
84:Resulted in
3209:Categories
2996:References
2885:journeymen
2870:Background
2530:Loray Mill
2430:Mill Women
2418:Mill Women
2108:Nationwide
2102:Nationwide
2096:Nationwide
1885:Government
1866:Stagehands
1757:St. John's
1721:NYC retail
1603:Charleston
1372:Burlington
1138: 2023
1132: 2021
1130:John Deere
1126: 2021
1120: 2021
1114: 2021
1108: 2021
1102: 2021
1096: 2021
1090: 2020
1084: 2016
1078: 2015
1072: 2015
1059: 2008
1053: 2007
1045:John Deere
1035: 1983
1022: 1979
1016: 1954
1010: 1948
1004: 1945
998: 1939
992: 1939
986: 1937
980: 1936
974: 1936
968: 1936
962: 1934
956: 1934
950: 1931
937: 1919
931: 1915
925: 1913
923:Studebaker
919: 1913
913: 1877
334:Salad Bowl
54:1835-06-22
50:1835-06-06
3197:(3): 339.
3121:, page 39
3107:(3): 337.
3059:, page 96
2960:Aftermath
2952:, of the
2702:Vancouver
2656:St. Louis
2508:1914–1915
2481:1912–1913
2455:Skowhegan
2332:Greyhound
2210:Pensacola
2186:St. Louis
2051:Homestead
1986:SAG-AFTRA
1897:2012–2019
1889:Wisconsin
1739:Hollywood
1733:Musicians
1360:Camp Dump
1252:Goldfield
1242:) 1903–04
1217:Leadville
1124:Kellogg's
1106:Frito-Lay
978:Remington
954:Auto-Lite
714:Vancouver
668:St. Louis
550:1927–28 (
514:1912–21 (
487:1913–14 (
444:Pana riot
390:Coal Wars
346:Frito-Lay
228:1916–1917
3170:Archived
3147:Archived
2969:See also
2817:European
2754:Paraguay
2713:Winnipeg
2661:Scranton
2549:National
2485:Hopedale
2473:Lawrence
2424:Paterson
2234:St. John
2216:Columbus
1919:Teachers
1872:CBS News
1676:Newsboys
1082:Jim Beam
829:European
766:Paraguay
725:Winnipeg
673:Scranton
78:Striking
62:Location
52: –
2840:Catalan
2834:Catalan
2766:Uruguay
2760:Namibia
2748:Finland
2742:Austria
2736:Oakland
2719:Germany
2708:Seattle
2650:Catalan
2518:Passaic
2350:Toronto
2344:Toronto
2313:Atlanta
2240:Atlanta
1907:Verizon
1854:Umpires
1830:Verizon
1615:Atlanta
1609:Atlanta
1591:Memphis
1260:1913–14
1254:1906–07
1246:Cananea
1219:1896–97
1112:Nabisco
852:Catalan
846:Catalan
778:Uruguay
772:Namibia
760:Finland
754:Austria
748:Oakland
731:Germany
720:Seattle
662:Catalan
595:2021–23
589:1989–90
583:1977–78
475:1910–11
462:1903–04
74:Methods
48: (
2893:master
2829:Brazil
2793:Guinea
2690:Sweden
2673:) 1886
2488:
2276:Denver
2092:) 1937
1949:Hotels
1891:) 2011
1789:) 1974
1787:police
1690:Actors
1525:Pan Am
1264:Bisbee
1076:Kohler
1057:Boeing
1014:Kohler
1008:Boeing
960:Kohler
911:Cigars
841:Brazil
805:Guinea
702:Sweden
685:) 1886
534:1922 (
291:) 1933
202:Oxnard
2823:India
2811:Spain
2799:Egypt
2787:2000s
2780:Nepal
2772:Spain
2684:1900s
2638:1800s
2412:1800s
1962:2020s
1879:2010s
1348:1800s
1189:1800s
835:India
823:Spain
811:Egypt
799:2000s
792:Nepal
784:Spain
696:1900s
650:1800s
467:1910s
245:1930s
177:1800s
2854:The
2842:2019
2836:2017
2825:2016
2819:2012
2813:2010
2807:2009
2801:2008
2795:2007
2782:1992
2774:1988
2768:1973
2762:1971
2756:1958
2750:1956
2744:1950
2738:1946
2732:1934
2721:1920
2715:1919
2704:1918
2698:1910
2692:1909
2679:1892
2663:1877
2652:1855
2646:1835
2576:1982
2563:1946
2557:1937
2551:1934
2545:1933
2532:1929
2526:1928
2520:1926
2514:1922
2502:1913
2496:1913
2490:1913
2475:1912
2469:1910
2463:1909
2457:1907
2444:1870
2438:1860
2432:1836
2426:1835
2420:1834
2358:2019
2352:2008
2346:2006
2340:2005
2334:1983
2321:1966
2315:1950
2309:1949
2303:1944
2297:1932
2284:1929
2278:1920
2272:1920
2266:1919
2260:1917
2254:1917
2248:1916
2242:1916
2236:1914
2230:1913
2224:1910
2218:1910
2212:1908
2206:1907
2200:1903
2194:1892
2188:1900
2129:2021
2123:1986
2110:1959
2104:1952
2098:1946
2075:1919
2067:1909
2061:1901
2053:1892
1994:2024
1988:2023
1982:2023
1976:2022
1970:2020
1957:2019
1951:2018
1915:2016
1909:2016
1903:2014
1874:2007
1868:2007
1862:2007
1856:2006
1850:2006
1844:2003
1838:2003
1832:2000
1826:1995
1820:1994
1814:1988
1808:1981
1795:1977
1777:1968
1771:1968
1765:1968
1759:1966
1753:1963
1747:1960
1741:1945
1735:1942
1729:1941
1723:1937
1717:1937
1711:1936
1698:1919
1692:1919
1684:1912
1678:1899
1617:2018
1611:1977
1605:1969
1599:1968
1593:1968
1539:2020
1533:1997
1527:1985
1521:1983
1515:1981
1502:1971
1496:1970
1494:USPS
1490:1946
1484:1936
1478:1935
1472:1938
1466:1934
1460:1934
1447:1922
1441:1922
1435:1919
1429:1919
1423:1916
1417:1911
1411:1907
1405:1905
1392:1894
1386:1892
1380:1892
1374:1888
1368:1886
1362:1882
1356:1877
1297:1978
1295:Inco
1291:1957
1285:1950
1272:1920
1266:1917
1248:1906
1225:1899
1211:1894
1205:1892
1197:1865
984:Ford
854:2019
848:2017
837:2016
831:2012
825:2010
819:2009
813:2008
807:2007
794:1992
786:1988
780:1973
774:1971
768:1958
762:1956
756:1950
750:1946
744:1934
733:1920
727:1919
716:1918
710:1910
704:1909
691:1892
675:1877
664:1855
658:1835
577:1974
544:1927
528:1920
501:1914
481:1912
456:1902
432:1897
426:1894
415:1891
409:1873
348:2021
336:1970
322:1949
316:1946
303:1937
297:1935
277:1933
271:1933
265:1932
259:1931
253:1930
240:1928
234:1924
222:1913
216:1912
210:1912
204:1903
191:1891
185:1887
43:Date
2121:USX
1531:UPS
3211::
3195:74
3193:.
3189:.
3165:,
3105:74
3103:.
3099:.
3082:74
3080:.
3076:.
3064:^
3048:^
3036:^
3024:^
3004:^
1943:WV
1941:,
1939:OK
1937:,
1935:NC
1933:,
1929:,
1927:CO
1925:,
1923:AZ
518:,
491:,
446:,
442:,
287:,
2669:(
2616:e
2609:t
2602:v
2394:e
2387:t
2380:v
2162:e
2155:t
2148:v
2088:(
2027:e
2020:t
2013:v
1921:(
1887:(
1785:(
1650:e
1643:t
1636:v
1572:e
1565:t
1558:v
1330:e
1323:t
1316:v
1238:(
1171:e
1164:t
1157:v
887:e
880:t
873:v
681:(
628:e
621:t
614:v
564:)
554:)
538:)
522:)
495:)
450:)
381:e
374:t
367:v
283:(
159:e
152:t
145:v
116:e
109:t
102:v
56:)
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