1844 United States presidential election

269: 745: 279: 261: 491:. Texans, mostly American immigrants from the Deep South, many of whom owned slaves, sought to bring their republic into the Union as a state. At first, the subject of annexing Texas to the United States was shunned by both major American political parties. Although they recognized Texas sovereignty, Presidents Andrew Jackson (1829–1837) and Martin Van Buren (1837–1841) declined to pursue annexation. The prospect of bringing another slave state into the Union was fraught with problems. Both major parties – the Democrats and Whigs – viewed Texas statehood as something "not worth a foreign war " or the "sectional combat" that annexation would provoke in the United States. 266: 267: 272: 274: 271: 1747: 1777: 1792: 41: 276: 1762: 761:

1844 (penned April 20), he counseled his party to reject Texas under a Tyler administration. Furthermore, annexation of Texas as a territory would proceed, tentatively, under a Van Buren administration, only when the American public had been consulted on the matter and Mexico's cooperation had been pursued to avoid an unnecessary war. A military option might be advanced if a groundswell of popular support arose for Texas, certified with a congressional mandate. In these respects, Martin Van Buren differed from Henry Clay, who would never tolerate annexation without Mexico's assent.

275: 1735: 1245: 480:. Anti-annexation petitions to Congress sent from northern anti-slavery forces, including state legislatures, were similarly suppressed. Intra-party sectional compromises and maneuvering on slavery politics during these divisive debates placed significant strain on the northern and southern wings that comprised each political organization. The question as to whether the institution of slavery and its aristocratic principles of social authority were compatible with democratic republicanism was becoming "a permanent issue in national politics". 530:. In it, he characterized slavery as a social blessing and the acquisition of Texas as an emergency measure necessary to safeguard the "peculiar institution" in the United States. In doing so, Tyler and Calhoun sought to unite the South in a crusade that would present the North with an ultimatum: support Texas annexation or lose the South. Anti-slavery Whigs considered Texas annexation particularly egregious, since Mexico had outlawed slavery in Coahuila y Tejas in 1829, before Texas independence had been declared. 1298: 256: 263: 280: 278: 253: 258: 281: 733: 608: 962: 6139: 264: 655: 268: 273: 270: 926: 973: 439:, a famous, long-time party leader who was the early favorite but who conspicuously waffled on Texas annexation. Though a Southerner from Kentucky and a slave owner, Clay chose to focus on the risks of annexation while claiming not to oppose it personally. His awkward, repeated attempts to adjust and finesse his position on Texas confused and alienated voters, contrasting negatively with Polk's consistent clarity. 5621: 1280:, the vote tally exploded from a 240 to 40 vote victory for the Van Buren ticket in 1840 to a 1007 to 37 vote victory for the Polk ticket in 1844. The 970 vote margin was greater than Polk's margin statewide. The 1,007 votes received by Polk exceeded the total number of all white males in the parish in 1840, despite Louisiana having a property requirement to vote. A steward, pilot, and passenger of the steamboat 277: 981: 824:

to particular local followings, having Polk hint preposterously, in a letter to a Philadelphian, that he favored "reasonable" tariff protection for domestic manufactures, while they attacked the pious humanitarian Frelinghuysen as an anti-Catholic bigot and crypto-nativist enemy of the separation of church and state. To ensure the success of their southern strategy, the Democrats also muffled John Tyler.

1213:, Clay lost every state to Polk, a huge reversal from the 1840 race, but carried most of the Middle and Border South. Clay's "waffling" on Texas may have cost him the 41 electoral votes of New York and Michigan. The former slaveholder, now abolitionist, James Birney of the Liberty Party, received 15,812 and 3,632 votes, respectively, based on his unwavering stand against Texas annexation. 262: 1094:, a recycling of the name of Jefferson's party, held its convention on May 27, 1844, in Baltimore, Maryland, a short distance from the unfolding Democratic Party convention that would select James K. Polk as nominee. Tyler was nominated the same day without challenge, accepting the honor on May 30, 1844. The Tyler delegates did not designate a vice-presidential running mate. 796:, the President of Texas, that the U.S. Senate ratification was likely. As the Senate debated the Tyler treaty, Jackson declared that the popular support among Texans for annexation should be respected, and any delay would result in a British dominated Texas Republic that would promote slave emancipation and pose a foreign military threat to the southwest United States. 94: 257: 1063:" and accused him of "Selling Jesus Christ!" because he dealt in slaves. With the campaign to be decided at the electoral margins, Whig managers grew so concerned that, late in the campaign, they concocted a fraudulent letter that supposedly proved that James Birney was secretly working in league with the Democrats, and circulated it in New York and Ohio." 1078: 5462: 917: 599: 121: 114: 404:, but the possibility of the expansion of slavery threatened a sectional split in each party. Expelled by the Whig Party after vetoing key Whig legislation and lacking a firm political base, Tyler hoped to use the annexation of Texas to win the presidency as an independent or at least to have decisive, pro-Texas influence over the election. 265: 260: 1030:. Clay qualified his stance on Texas annexation, declaring "no personal objection to the annexation" of the republic. He would move back to his original orientation in September 1844. Northern Whigs expressed outrage at any détente with the Slave Power and accused him of equivocating on Texas annexation. 671:

Democratic alliance regarding slavery expansion. Calhoun's Packenham Letter would serve to spur Democrats of the South to the task of forcing the Northern wing of the party to submit to Texas annexation, despite the high risk of "aggressively injecting slavery into their political campaign over Texas."

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to Plaquemines parish where the steward was pushed by the Captain to vote for the Polk ticket three times, despite not being of voting age. A man named Charles Bruland was seen driven out of the voting booth wounded and bloody after attempting to cast a vote for the Clay ticket in Plaquemines Parish.

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Polk's adoption of Manifest Destiny paid dividends at the polls. No longer identified with the Tyler-Calhoun "southern crusade for slavery", the western Democrats could embrace Texas annexation. The Democrats enjoyed a huge upsurge in voter turnout, up to 20% over the figures from 1840, especially in

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Democratic Party nominee James K. Polk was faced with the possibility that a Tyler ticket might shift votes away from the Democrats and provide Clay with the margin of victory in a close race. Tyler made clear in his nomination acceptance speech that his overriding concern was the ratification of his

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withdrawing his bid for the presidency in January 1844, the campaign was expected to focus on domestic issues. All this changed with the Tyler treaty. Van Buren regarded the Tyler annexation measure as an attempt to sabotage his bid for the White House by exacerbating the already strained North-South

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Holt, 2008, p. 12-13: Fearing to be cast as "soft on slavery" (see Freehling, 1991, p. 437), "southern Whigs could be portrayed as even more ardent champions of slavery in the South than the southern Democrats. As would happen in the future, slavery extension became a political weapon rival parties

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Upon the conclusion of the election, Whig publications were disheartened at Henry Clay's loss against Polk's alleged fraud. The Whig Almanac, a yearly collection of political statistics and events of interest to the party, contained in 1845 a column alleging fraud in Louisiana. It noted that, in one

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Celebratory shots rang out in Washington on November 7 as returns came in from western New York which clinched the state and the presidency for Polk. Polk won by a mere 5,106 out of 470,062 cast in New York, and only 3,422 out of 52,096 votes in Michigan. Had enough of these voting blocks cast their

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anti-Catholic movement strongest in New York and Pennsylvania, and planted stories that as president, Clay would tighten up immigration and naturalization laws. (Too late, Clay tried to distance himself from the nativists.)" "The Liberty Party added to the confusion...Clay became the object of nasty

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Henry Clay of Kentucky, effectively the leader of the Whig Party since its inception in 1834, was selected as its nominee at the party's convention in Baltimore, Maryland, on May 1, 1844. Clay, a slaveholder, presided over a party in which its Southern wing was sufficiently committed to the national

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In the South, Democrats played racist politics and smeared Clay as a dark skin-loving abolitionist, while in the North, they defamed him as a debauched, dueling, gambling, womanizing, irreligious hypocrite whose reversal on the bank issue proved he had no principles. They also pitched their nominees

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Two weeks before the Whig convention in Baltimore, in reaction to Calhoun's Packenham Letter, Clay issued a document known as the Raleigh Letter (issued April 17, 1844) that presented his views on Texas to his fellow southern Whigs. In it, he flatly denounced the Tyler annexation bill and predicted

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Freehling, 1991, p. 412: Van Buren "filled his Hammet letter with conditions" obstructing the road to annexation "because Northern Whigs anti-annexationist fury made unconditional annexation too politically risky." p. 429 "Northern Whigs had, by South, turned the southern minority into a national

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With the publication of Clay's Raleigh Letter and Van Buren's Hammett letter, Van Burenite Democrats hoped that their candidate's posture on Texas would leave southern pro-annexationists with exactly one choice for president: Martin Van Buren. In this, they misjudged the political situation. Tyler

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Wilentz, 2008, p. 558: The Gag Rule debates caused "the heightening of sectional tensions in Congress it imperative that find some compromise middle ground in the 1844 campaign...The same was true for Democrats..." Due to the Gag Rule controversies, "Agitation over slavery on both sides was now

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Ultimately, these allegations of fraud would not have changed the election (though the Whig Almanac makes a slippery slope argument that if this fraud occurred in Louisiana, it must also have occurred in New York, which had Clay won he would have won the election), as Louisiana switching its vote

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The Whig party leadership was acutely aware that any proslavery legislation advanced by its southern wing would alienate its anti-slavery northern wing and cripple the party in the general election. In order to preserve their party, Whigs would need to stand squarely against acquiring a new slave

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Southern Whigs feared that the acquisition of the fertile lands in Texas would produce a huge market for slave labor, inflating the price of slaves and deflating land values in their home states. Northern Whigs feared that Texas statehood would initiate the opening of a vast "Empire for Slavery".

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from the strongly anti-annexation Northern Whigs and some Democrats. He crafted an emphatically anti-Texas position that temporized with expansionist southern Democrats, laying out a highly conditional scenario that delayed Texas annexation indefinitely. In the Hammett letter, published April 27,

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Freehling, 2008, p. 409-410: "Nothing would have made Northern Whigs tolerate the document, and Northern Democrats would have to be forced to swallow their distaste for the accord. Calhoun's scenario of rallying enough slaveholders to push enough Northern Democrats to stop evading the issue was

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of Mississippi, that his campaign efforts were simply a vehicle to mobilize support for Texas annexation. Tyler concentrated his resources in the states of New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey, all highly contested states in the election. Securing enough Democratic support, his withdrawal might

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The annexation treaty needed a two-thirds vote and was easily defeated in the Senate, largely along partisan lines, 16 to 35 – a two-thirds majority against passage – on June 8, 1844. Whigs voted 27–1 against the treaty: all northern Whig senators voted nay, and fourteen of fifteen southern Whig

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in 1841. Tyler, a Whig in name only, emerged as a states' rights advocate committed to slavery expansion in defiance of Whig principles. After he vetoed the Whig domestic legislative agenda, he was expelled from his own party on September 13, 1841. Politically isolated, but unencumbered by party

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Polk was receptive as long as Tyler could withdraw without raising suspicion of a secret bargain. To solidify Tyler's cooperation, Polk enlisted Andrew Jackson to reassure Tyler that Texas annexation would be consummated under a Polk administration. On August 20, 1844, Tyler dropped out of the

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that its passage would provoke a war with Mexico, whose government had never recognized Texas independence. Clay underlined his position, warning that even with Mexico's consent, he would block annexation in the event that substantial sectional opposition existed anywhere in the United States.

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The annexation of Texas was the chief political issue of the day. Van Buren, initially the leading candidate, opposed immediate annexation because it might lead to a sectional crisis over the status of slavery in the West and lead to war with Mexico. This position cost Van Buren the support of

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The Hammett letter utterly failed to reassure Middle and Deep South extremists who had responded favorably to Calhoun's Pakenham Letter. A minority of the southern Democrat leadership remained obdurate that Northern Democratic legislators would ignore their constituents' opposition to slavery

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to block Martin Van Buren from the party ticket and seek a Democratic presidential candidate fully committed to the immediate annexation of Texas. In doing so, Jackson abandoned the traditional Jeffersonian-Jacksonian formula that had required its Northern and Southern wings to compromise on

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Freehling, 1991, p. 431: "...the Senate rejected the treaty by over two-thirds, 35-16, on June 8, 1844. Whigs voted 27-1 against ratification, Democrats 15-8 for approval. Northern Democrats barely managed a majority against the Slaver power, 7-5, with one abstention; Northern Whigs opposed

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Freehling, 1991, p. 428: "Van Buren erred...in thinking that delay was tolerable" to Southern Democrats..." "The more threatening foe might be President Tyler, who promoted ." " also miscalculated later...in thinking that Southern Democrats most dangerous opponent was necessarily Clay, who

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As of 2020, Clay was the third of seven presidential nominees to win a significant number of electoral votes in at least three elections, the others being Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Grover Cleveland, William Jennings Bryan, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Richard Nixon. Of these, Jackson,

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with Britain over Oregon with the Texas issue. The Democratic nominee thus united anti-slavery Northern expansionists, who demanded Oregon, with pro-slavery Southern expansionists who demanded Texas. In the national popular vote, Polk beat Clay by fewer than 40,000 votes, a margin of 1.4%.

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Tyler and Calhoun, formerly staunch supporters of minority safeguards based on the supermajority requirements for national legislation, now altered their position to facilitate passage of the Tyler treaty. Tyler's attempt to evade the Senate vote launched a spirited congressional debate.

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Freehling,1991, p. 416, p. 417: "Jackson joined Calhoun and Tyler in seeing Texas's vulnerability as England's opportunity" and "if America rejected annexation" Great Britain would preside over the emancipation of Texas slavery and "soon English soldiers" would be occupying the western

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On July 27, 1844, Clay released a position statement, the so-called "Alabama Letter." In it, he counseled his Whig constituency to regard Texas annexation and statehood as merely a short phase in the decline of slavery in the United States, rather than a long term advance for the

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as his running mate. He proposed the abolition of slavery through compensation by selling public lands and decreasing the size and salary of Congress; the closure of prisons; the annexation of Texas, Oregon, and parts of Canada; the securing of international rights on high seas;

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of emancipated slaves, he was acceptable to southern Whigs as an opponent of the abolitionists. His pious reputation balanced Clay's image as a slave-holding, hard-drinking duelist. Their party slogan was "Hurray, Hurray, the Country's Risin' – Vote for Clay and Frelinghuysen!"

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Clay's central position, however, had not altered: no annexation without northern acquiescence. Clay's commitment brought Southern Whigs under extreme pressure in their home states and congressional districts, threatening to tarnish their credentials as supporters of slavery.

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The 1844 presidential campaigns evolved within the context of this struggle over Texas annexation, which was tied to the question of slavery expansion and national security. All candidates in the 1844 presidential election had to declare a position on this explosive issue.

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Freehling, 1991, p. 352: "The Gag Rule Controversy had sketched the battle lines" in the approaching crisis over slavery expansion in America and "hardened contestants for the worse crisis looming over expansion in America – and slavery – in the Southwest [i.e. Texas."

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Freehling, 1991, p. 438: "In this northwest , Democratic campaigners truly were the Manifest Destiny spokesmen, unfortunately, painted as everywhere, omnipresent in latter-day history textbooks." P. 439: However, "northern voters had nothing like demanded Manifest

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After the closed session Senate debates on the Tyler-Texas treaty were leaked to the public on April 27, 1844, President Tyler's only hope of success in influencing passage of his treaty was to intervene directly as a spoiler candidate in the 1844 election. His

1228:. This was the last election in which Ohio voted for the Whigs. It was also the only presidential election in which the winner, Polk, lost both his birth state of North Carolina and his state of residence, Tennessee, (which he lost by only 123 votes) before 3840:

Freehling, 1991, p. 408: The Packenham Letter "declared the national treaty a sectional weapon, designed to protect slavery's blessings from England's documented interference" and "aimed at driving southerners to see England's soft threat in a hard-headed

1046:"The Whigs countered Democratic attacks by revving up the Log Cabin electioneering machinery and redeploying it on behalf of the man they now celebrated as 'Ol'Coon' Clay. They also attacked former House Speaker Polk as nobody who deep down was a dangerous 6857: 6877: 4408:

Freehling, 1991, p. 427: "Clay...would halt annexation unless Mexico assented. He would also deny Texas entrance in the Union, no matter whether Mexico agreed, should 'a considerable and respectable portion' of the American people "express 'decided

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gives his home state as New Jersey and the Journal of the Senate notes that Vermont's electors believed Frelinghuysen to be a New Jersey resident. Frelinghuysen was a New Jersey native and his political career had largely been conducted in New

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Finkelman, 2008, p. 21: "...as an avid colonizationist conservative views on slavery made him acceptable to southerners, and at the convention, almost all southern delegates voted for him." And p. 19-20: "...he was clearly an opponest of the

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Wilentz, 2008, p. 558-559: "Calhoun's departure from the presidential race in January 1844 appeared to seal Van Buren's nomination" and "The key question" was whether "banking and internal improvement" would suffice as issues to heal party

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Wilentz, 2008, p. 568-569: "The Texas issue struck as a giant distraction from the real issues...internal improvements, the tariff and the rest of the American System..." and "ratified a four-part unity platform" based on the "American

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platform to put partisan loyalties above slavery expansionist proposals that might undermine its north–south alliance. Whigs felt confident that Clay could duplicate Harrison's landslide victory of 1840 against any opposition candidate.

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Finkelman, 2011, p. 30: "Some southerners argued that Britain would end slavery in Texas and this would lead to slaves fleeing to the Republic of Texas. The predictions helped the lame-duck Tyler convince a lame-duck Congress to annex

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Freehling, 1991, p. 410: "Artificially segregating Whigs' response to gag and Texas crises...hinders awareness that the two issues came to a climax at the same time. The same Congress of 1844-45 which abolished the gag rule admitted

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Freehling, 1991, p. 432: "The resulting bitter senatorial confrontation on Tyler's proposed evasion of the two-thirds roadblock was the first public congressional explossion over Texas, the treaty having been considered in secret

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requirement for Senate treaty approval. Substituting the constitutional protocols for admitting regions of the United States into the Union as states, Tyler proposed that alternative, yet constitutional, means be used to bring the

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ballots for the anti-annexationist Clay in either state, he would have defeated Polk. Still, Clay's opposition to annexation and western slavery expansion served him well among Northern Whigs and nearly secured him the election.

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and the southern pro-annexationists posed a potentially far greater threat than Clay, in that the Tyler-Calhoun treaty would put immense pressure on the northern Democrats to comply with southern Democrats' demands for Texas.

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Merry, 2009, p. 787: Van Buren "faced considerable opposition within his own party" to any rejection of Texas annexation, "particularly from southern slaveholders and western entrepreneurs...Now the rupture of the party was

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May, 2008, p. 113: "The Packenham Letter proved the claims of anit-annexationists and abolitionists that the Texas question was only about slavery - its expansion and preservation - despite Tyler's protestations to the

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Freehling, 1991, p. 415: "...Calhoun could only begin to provoke a 'sense of crisis' with southern Democrats", and "The Packenham Letter could rally southern Democrats against the party's northern establishment..."

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Freehling, 1991, p.437- 438: "Polk partisans called acquisition of Texas and Oregon not a southern but a western concern" and "A presidential campaign for national imperialism divorced from a southern crusade for

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Freehling, 1991, p. 426: "Southern Democrats had long since discovered, particularly in gag rule politics, that enough Northern Democrats would probably cave in, however begrudgingly and resentfully, to southern

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Freehling, 1991, p.402: "Sam Houston's movement away from the United States left the American establishment to avoid the problem. The Tyler administration had to before debate could be compelled in America."

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Wilentz, 2008, p. 558: With "the repeal of the gage rule, the conflict" – i.e. whether American republicanism could tolerate American slavery – "moved closer to becoming a permanent issue in national politics."

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Freehling, 1991, p. 410: "...Northern Whigs had warned that Texas would be the Slavepower's next outsized demand after the gag rule...Whigs Northern and Southern had loathed Tyler as a slayer of their popular

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Wilentz, 2008, p. 568: "...the letters thrust was strongly annexation" but he included "a vague concession to the South", whereby mass support for annexation – North and South – might open the door to Texas

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Freehling, 1991, p. 355-356: "Tyler and his southern advisers "were composed of a few states' rights Whigs and fewer disgruntled Democrats...These alarmists controlled the presidency. They dominated nothing

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Freehling, 1991, p. 435: "Clay admitted he would be glad to see , without dishonor, without war with the common consent of the American people." And p. 436: "In September...he re-emphasised opposition to

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Finkelman. 2011, p. 18: "In the South, Whigs argued that annexation would harm slavery because a large migration to Texas would raise the price of slaves and lower price of land in the rest of the South."

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Miller, 1998, p. 285: "f the annexation of Texas were to be discussed on the House floor it would certainly lead to a discussion of slavery – exactly the subject slaveholding congressmen wanted to avoid."

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Wilentz, 2008, p. 570: Wright declined: "To do otherwise...would have been a renunciation of both his personal loyalties and his highest principles (The convention settled on the conservative...George M.

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Wilentz, 2008: "Instantly, the letter became a public litmus test" for both national parties: "support Texas and it pro-slavery rationale and alienate the North, or oppose it and forever lose the South."

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Wilentz, 2008, p. 560: Jackson was "happy to recognize the new Texas republic but refused to annex it because it could well lead to war with Mexico." An event "both Jackson and Van Buren wanted to avoid

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The extent to which Southern Democrat support for Martin Van Buren had eroded over the Texas annexation crisis became evident when Van Buren's southern counterpart in the rise of the Democratic Party,

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had majority support in the electorate despite Whig opposition. The annexation of Texas was formalized on March 1, 1845, days before Polk took office. Mexico refused to accept the annexation and the

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as a compromise candidate. Polk argued that Texas and Oregon had always belonged to the United States by right. He called for "the immediate re-annexation of Texas" and for the "re-occupation" of the

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of South Carolina (assuming his post March 29, 1844) included a document known as the Packenham Letter with the Tyler bill that was calculated to inject a sense of crisis in Southern Democrats of the

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This is the most recent presidential election where the election took place on different days in different states. It is the only presidential election in which both major party nominees were former

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senators had joined them. Democrats voted for the treaty 15–8, with a slight majority of Northern Democrats opposing. Southern Democrats affirmed the treaty 10–1, with only one slave state senator,

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Freehling, 1991, p.412: Van Buren's letter "came fused with a pledge to administer annexation...assuming the American majority wanted to risk war", but "repudiated" altogether Tyler's Texas treaty.

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Tyler submitted his Texas-U.S. treaty for annexation to the U.S. Senate, delivered April 22, 1844, where a two-thirds majority was required for ratification. The newly appointed Secretary of State

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Freehling, 1991, p. 413: A test to determine "whether southern extremists could pressure moderate Southern Democrats to pressure Northern Democrats" into voting for Texas annexation legislation.

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Freehling, 1991, p. 426–427: "Southern Whigs thus had to weigh the possibility that Texas might be abolitionized against the certainty that campaigning for annexation would split their party."

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Tyler became convinced that Great Britain was encouraging a Texas–Mexico rapprochement that might lead to slave emancipation in the Texas republic. Accordingly, he directed Secretary of State

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implored Jackson to militarily support Texas independence 1836. The president commented: " does not reflect that we have a treaty with Mexico and our national faith is pledged to support it."

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Widmer, 2005, p. 149: "Immediately after the publication of the Hammett Letter, southerners let loose a howl of 'fever and fury' and claimed that it proved he had never been one of them."

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May 2008, p. 113: Van Buren agreed to "accept Texas annexation if it did not mean a war with Mexico, did not exacerbate sectional tensions, and had the clear support of the whole nation."

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Freehling, 1991, p. 415: "Now the old general urged...his supporters to nominate someone other than Van Buren"because he had "failed to see the Texas situation as an immediate crisis."

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Finkelman. 2011, p. 18: "In Congress, the Whigs had blocked Texas annexation, with southern Whigs joining their northern colleagues...who opposed Texas annexation because of slavery."

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Freehling, 1991, p. 435: "Even anti-slavery American should consent to annexation counseled Clay" because diffusion of slavery south into the tropics would "doom slavery in Texas."

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Widmer, 2005, p.149: Van Buren stated "in no uncertain terms he was opposed to Texas annexation...He did not foreclose on the future possibility...under the right circumstances..."

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May 2008, p. 113: "Tyler, all hope of success nearly gone, had only one option left – to launch his own party and attempt to act as spoiler in the November presidential contest."

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and most Southern delegations, plus a nomination rule change specifically aimed to block him, prevented Van Buren from winning the necessary two-thirds vote of delegates to the

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Freehling, 1991, p. 438: "Clay lost every state in the Deep South... but manage to hang on to the five states Harrison had captured in 1840... in the Border and Middle South."

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Merry, 2009, p. 67 ", refusing to embrace the Whig agenda...had essentially become a president without a party, and a president without a party couldn't govern effectively."

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May 2008, p. 119-120: "All that Polk needed was a mechanism that would allow Tyler to gracefully drop out of the race without reviving suspicions of a corrupt bargain."

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campaigned for Smith saying, "He it is that God of Heaven designs to save this nation from destruction and preserve the Constitution." The campaign ended when he was

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Wilentz, 2008, p. 574: "Had only a modest proportion of the Liberty Party's New York vote...gone instead to the Whigs, Henry Clay would have been elected president."

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Smith, Laura Ellyn. "Through the Eyes of the Enemy: Why Henry Clay Lost the Presidential Election of 1844 through the Lens of The Daily Argus of Portland, Maine."

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Freehling, 1991, p. 427: "While Clay concurred with Van Buren on opposing the Calhoun-Tyler treaty, the two opponents differed on post-treaty annexation policy."

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Freehling, 1991, p. 438: "The shift of of these states' 41 electoral votes would have transformed a 170-105 Polk Electoral victory into a 146-129 Clay triumph."

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Finkelman. 2011, p. 17, p. 21: Freylinghuysen "the perfect northerner to balance the somewhat sordid reputation of the slaveowning, dueling, hard-drinking Clay."

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Cleveland, and Roosevelt also won the popular vote in at least three elections. Clay and Bryan are the only two candidates to lose the presidency three times.

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Finkelman, 2011, p. 29: "...Tyler abandoned his strict constructionist constitutional scruples, which dictated that annexation was possible only by treaty."

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Freehling, 1991, p. 404: "Jackson would assure Texas President that...annexation could now become a reality." and p. 418: "that a treaty would be ratified."

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publicly announced his support for immediate Texas annexation in May 1844. Jackson had facilitated Tyler's Texas negotiations in February 1844 by reassuring

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Freehling, 1991, p. 415: Jackson's support for immediate Texas annexation "lent enormous credibility to Calhoun" after the issuance of the Packenham Letter.

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May 2008, p. 112-113: "Calhoun...insisted that the'peculiar institution' was, in fact, 'a political institution necessary to peace, safety and prosperity."

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Holt, 2005, p. 10: "England's repeated attempts to persuade authorities in the Republic of Texas to abolish slavery...influenced him " to seek annexation.

3480: 6940: 4070:

Widmer, 2005, p. 149: Van Buren "did not foreclose on the future possibility of accepting Texas under the right circumstances" including military means.

4388:

Holt, 2005, p 10: Clay declared Texas annexation "fraught with danger to the nation" and would "erode national comity" and "produce a war with Mexico."

4117:

Freehling, 1991, p. 428: Van Buren's response to Calhoun's Packenham letter "produced a special fury when Southern Democrats scorned his clever stall .

5388: 5376: 3561:

Miller, 1998, p. 285: "There had already been...resolutions by state legislatures that were summarily dismissed on the subject of Texas [annexation'."

949: 4770:

Finkelman, 2011, p. 19: "The northern Democrats could on the explicitly anti-slavery Liberty Party to...possibly siphon off anti-slavery Whig votes."

828:

Polk furthermore pledged to serve only one term as president. He would keep this promise, and would die less than three months after leaving office.

6489: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 5716: 5676: 5668: 5549: 5426: 5421: 1233: 645: 65: 55: 7033: 5913: 5339: 5318: 3708:

Finkelman. 2011, p. 28: "The knowledge that he would never gain the Whig presidential nomination liberated Tyler to move forward on annexation..."

1148: 4708:

Freehling, 1991, p. 438: "Throughout... Midwestern states, Democrats total popular vote rose 20% between 1840 and 1844, while Whigs rose only 4%"

3923:

Freehling, 1991, p. 369: Van Buren "seemingly had the Democratic Party's nomination secured" and p. 411: "...cruising towards the nomination..."

3791:

Freehling, 1991, p. 398: "On October 16 Upshur met with Texas Minister Van Zandt and urged immediate negotiations towards an annexation treaty."

3688:

Holt, 2005, p. 10: In response to Tyler's vetoes "Whig congressmen and most state Whig organizations formally read Tyler out of the Whig Party."

4270:

Freehling, 1991, p. 431: "...three days after the treaty was defeated...Tyler urged Congress to admit Texas by simple majorites" in each house.

5544: 5153: 4955: 4940: 4913: 4748: 756:

Van Buren realized that accommodating slavery expansionists in the South would open the Northern Democrats to charges of appeasement to the

7069: 1098:

Texas annexation treaty. Moreover, he hinted that he would drop out of the race once that end was assured, informing Polk, through Senator

6791: 6179: 5866: 5824: 5692: 5431: 5416: 1116: 717: 548: 452: 416: 348: 4511:

Freehling, 1991, p. 435: "Northern Whigs, enraged by Clays' newly announced personal preference for Texas, accused Clay of waffling..."

6965: 6781: 6768: 5554: 3651:

Freehling, 1991, p. 367-368: During his presidency, Van Buren considered Texas annexation "potentially poisonous to American Union..."

1091: 1082: 3589:

Widmer, 2005, p. 15: In the early 1840s "it had become clear that an apocalyptic battle was looming between... Union and Slavery... "

3438:

had originally been nominated to serve as Polk's running mate; however, Wright declined the nomination and Dallas was chosen instead.

384:'s pursuit of Texas annexation divided both major parties. Annexation would geographically expand American slavery. It also risked 5169: 5055: 4612: 79: 4575:

May 2008, p. 119: "The more Tyler could challenge Polk's chances the more certain he was that Polk would deliver on annexation..."

1139:'s 22 and Alvan Stewart's 1. The party received 2.3% of the popular vote in the election, which was the highest it ever received. 5686: 4144:

Brown, 1966, p. 33: "Ritchie and Van Buren, after nearly a quarter century of fruitful political teamwork, would part company..."

330: 150: 4307:

Wilentz, 2008, p. 569: The Whig convention "unanimously approved Clay's nomination"..."a thoroughly joyous and exciting affair."

6839: 5884: 3932:

Wilentz, 2008, p. 558: "By early 1844, Martin Van Buren and the Radical Democrats controlled the party's nominating machinery."

1461: 1128: 838: 675:

southern and expansionist Democrats; as a result, he failed to win the nomination. The delegates likewise could not settle on

3878:

Freehling, 1991, p. 424: Texas "was politically and economically sublime for slavery; and annexationists demanded the soil..."

5960: 5350: 5342: 3869:

Finkelman. 2011, p. 26: "James K. Polk's victory over Henry Clay in 1844 was directly tied to the Texas annexation question."

1355: 680: 617: 508:

restraints, Tyler aligned himself with a small faction of Texas annexationists in a bid for election to a full term in 1844.

3745:

May 2008, p. 99: "Tyler desperately wanted to win election in 1844 and believed that acquiring Texas would earn him favor."

5778: 5478: 5241:

Grant, Clement L. "The Politics Behind a Presidential Nomination as Shown in Letters from Cave Johnson to James K. Polk."

3456: 1277: 1013: 866: 6138: 6950: 6899: 6786: 4870: 3736:

Holt, 2005, p. 10: "...Tyler hit upon the annexation of Texas as an issue on which he might win the presidency in 1844."

1244: 1199: 476:

controversies in 1844, which prompted Southern congressmen to suppress northern petitions to end the slave trade in the

366: 4446:

Finkelman. 2011, p. 22: "The Whigs wanted to talk about the tariff and currency, which were no longer exciting issues."

4199:

Holt, 2008, p. 11: Van Buren's supporters "raged that Texas annexation had been used to derail Van Buren's nomination."

1236:. This was the first of four times that a victorious candidate lost their home state followed by 1916, 1968, and 2016. 5853: 5513: 5470: 5311: 4901:

Cheathem, Mark R. Who Is James K. Polk: The Presidential Election of 1844. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2023.

4370:

Finkelman. 2011, p. 18: "Northern Whigs, joined by some northern Democrats, saw Texas as a great "Empire for Slavery".

1135:

received 2 and 1 votes respectively). Morris would go on to be nominated for vice-president with 83 votes compared to

773: 455:

won 2.3% of the vote. As President, Polk completed American annexation of Texas, which was the proximate cause of the

315: 4837: 515:

of Virginia to initiate, then relentlessly pursue, secret annexation talks with Texas minister to the United States

6975: 5834: 5772: 5287: 359: 155: 1161: 5498: 4098:

admittedly offered less on annexation. The more threatening foe might be President Tyler, who offered far more "

1260: 456: 385: 3800:

Freehling, 1991, p. 408: "On April 22, 1844, the Senate received the pre-treaty correspondence the treaty..."

1398: 295:

denotes those won by Clay/Frelinghuysen. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.

4001:

Crapol, 2006, p. 215: "The capacity crowd in the auditorium listened attentively as the eighty-three-year-old

1263:

broke out in 1846. Instead of demanding all of Oregon, Polk compromised. Washington and London negotiated the

5636: 1127:, the party's presidential nominee in the 1840 election, was renominated with 108 votes on the first ballot ( 5523: 5483: 5451: 4889:

America 1844: Religious Fervor, Westward Expansion and the Presidential Election That Transformed the Nation

4632: 3914:

Widmer, 2005, p. 58: " vision was indispensable to the rise of the phenomenon we call Jacksonian Democracy."

3887:

Widmer, 2005, p. 148: "Texas...forced all candidates to declare whether they were for or against annexation"

3642:

May, 2008, p. 97: "As much as Jackson wanted Texas, he would not pay the price of a war abroad or at home."

1249: 1001:

state. As such, Whigs were content to restrict their 1844 campaign platform to less divisive issues such as

702: 443: 396:. Texas annexation thus posed both domestic and foreign policy risks. Both major parties had wings in the 431:

for the presidency. Polk ran on a platform embracing popular commitment to expansion, often referred to as

7074: 5857: 5804: 5757: 5624: 5508: 5304: 4557:

May, 2008, p. 113: "...so-called Democratic-Republican Party; the name a tribute to beloved Jefferson..."

1837: 1418: 1297: 1009: 890: 504: 401: 397: 187: 4399:

Finkelman, 2011, p. 26: "When the 1844 campaign began, Henry Clay was unalterably opposed to annexation."

4033:

Freehling, 1991, p. 413: "Van Buren...offered Southerners a delay that would be tolerable to the North."

5895: 5353: 5130: 1441: 1182: 1165: 1002: 620: 424: 411:, but his opposition to the annexation of Texas damaged his candidacy. Opposition from former President 666:, was the presumptive Democratic presidential contender in the spring of 1844. With Secretary of State 4352:

Freehling, 1991, p. 360:"...Southern Whigs used the same electioneering hoopla in 1844..." as in 1840.

4261:

annexation, 13-0. Southern Democrats affirmed the treaty, 10-1: Southern Whigs said no to Tyler, 14-1"

3598:

Wilentz, 2008, p. 561: "Texas annexation had long been a taboo subject for Whigs and Democrats alike."

732: 5588: 5570: 4928: 3216: 1132: 800: 663: 4343:

Finkelmn, 2011, p. 21: Whigs regarded the election as a "cakewalk", believing Clay would swamp Polk.

3660:

Finkelman. 2011, p. 28: "Never truly a Whig, Tyler opposed almost every policy the party stood for."

7064: 6985: 6909: 6904: 6894: 6819: 4866: 4520:

Freehling, 1991, p. 437: "In 1844, Whigs stood damned as soft on Texas, therefore soft on slavery."

3470: 1051: 807:

The Texas issue was fracturing Van Buren's support among Democrats and would derail his candidacy.

607: 4015:

majority. Van Buren now urged that the northern majority must rule" the Democratic national party.

5268: 4984: 1186: 769:

expansion and unite in support of Texas annexation once exposed to sufficient southern pressure.

5048:

The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party: Jacksonian Politics and the Onset of the Civil War

4673: 662:

Martin Van Buren, President of the United States between 1837 and 1841, and chief architect of

1560: 6919: 6914: 6824: 5165: 5051: 4951: 4936: 4909: 4744: 4738: 4608: 4474:

Wilentz, 2008, p. 569: Freylinghuysen served to "offset Clay's reputation for moral laxity..."

3617: 1120: 850: 654: 488: 374: 4894:

Brown, Richard H. 1966. "The Missouri Crisis, Slavery, and the Politics of Jacksonianism" in

4042:

Widmer, 2005, p. 149: "Van Buren wrote out a reply on April 20 that reshaped the campaign..."

3905:

Holt, 2005, p. 7: "...Martin Van Buren took the lead in constructing the Democratic Party..."

1539: 1205:

The Democrats won Michigan, Illinois, and Indiana and nearly took Ohio, where the concept of

6990: 6970: 5829: 5742: 5725: 5493: 5111: 3782:

May 2008, p. 112:"Tyler's furtive negotiations with the Texans..." on the annexation treaty.

3571:

fair play" and the question arose: "Could American democracy coexist with American slavery?"

3246: 1825: 1424: 1375: 1256: 1206: 1157: 1099: 1055:

abolitionist attacks. One notorious handbill, widely reprinted, by an abolitionist minister

721: 572: 484: 477: 432: 408: 370: 181: 98: 5279: 4962:

The fate of their country: politicians, slavery extension, and the coming of the Civil War.

4088:

Freehling, 1991, p. 427: "Clay, in contrast would halt annexation unless Mexico assented."

844:

Three days later, Tyler and his supporters in Congress began exploring means to bypass the

5876: 5503: 5411: 5291: 4218: 4002: 3629:

Widmer, 2005, p. 148: "There were a number of very good reasons to oppose taking Texas..."

1435: 1124: 961: 737: 691: 667: 523: 516: 448: 17: 5186: 3818:

Freehling, 1991, p. 407: "The new Secretary of State reached Washington March 29, 1844."

3697:

Freehling, 1991, p. 364: Tyler was "almost unanimously excommunicated...from the party."

3552:

May 2008, p. 97: "...eight state legislatures sent Congress petitions warning against ."

472:

Whigs and Democrats embarked upon their campaigns during the climax of the congressional

1107:

presidential race, and Tylerites moved quickly to support the Democratic Party nominee.

6148: 5747: 5610: 5274: 5236: 5101: 4918: 4666: 4651:"General Smith's Views on the Powers and Policy of the Government of the United States" 3404: 1579: 1012:

of New Jersey – "the Christian Statesman" – as Clay's running mate. An advocate of the

925: 789: 512: 412: 393: 388:

while the United States engaged in sensitive possession and boundary negotiations with

4869:

in 1844. There is some contradictory evidence in favor of a New Jersey residency: the

4316:

Wilentz, 2008, p. 569: The Whig convention in Baltimore, which assembled on May 1..."

4190:

Merry, 2009, p. 78: "Van Buren's position within the Democratic Party was unraveling."

3638:

Wilentz, 2008, p. 560: "...both Jackson and Van Buren would avoid...war with Mexico."

972: 708:

On the next roll call, the convention unanimously accepted Polk, who became the first

7053: 6829: 6796: 6776: 5923: 5710: 5518: 5488: 5327: 5256: 5205: 5066: 4687: 4650: 4607:. Vol. 2: The Elections, 1789–1992. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 20. 1821: 1349: 1264: 1178: 1169: 1056: 845: 698: 565: 420: 355: 326: 132: 4242:

May 2008, p. 115: The US Senate "voted thirty-five to sixteen to defeat the treaty."

3809:

Finkelman, 2011, p. 29: "A treaty required a two-thirds majority for ratification."

3499: 1582:

where the Electors were chosen by the state legislature rather than by popular vote.

980: 5907: 5576: 5075: 5001: 4646: 4605:

U.S. Presidential Elections and the Candidates: A Biographical and Historical Guide

4298:

Holt, 2005, p. 10: "Clay had engineered the formation of the Whig Party in 1834..."

3640:

Freehling, 1991, p. 367: "Jackson was a partisan of annexation...but...delayed..."

3465: 3435: 3251: 1381: 1229: 1153: 1136: 816: 713: 4135:

Freehling, 1991, p. 428: Van Buren "was finished as a candidate in their section."

3669:

Holt, 2005, p. 10: Tyler was "...deeply devoted to the perpetuation of slavery..."

1797:

Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for other candidates

5096:

The Whigs' America: Middle-Class Political Thought in the Age of Jackson and Clay

1740:

Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote

6980: 5582: 4974: 4593:

May 2008, p. 120: "Tyler supporters easily switched their allegiance to Polk..."

3461: 3241: 1285: 1027: 793: 780:, terminated their 20-year political alliance in favor of immediate annexation. 757: 4824: 3951:

Freehling, 1991, p. 411 "...a southern roadblock..." to Van Buren's nomination.

5796: 5752: 5603: 5446: 5441: 3990: 3773:

Finkelman, 2001, p. 28-29: "...in 1843 began secret negotiations with Texas."

1833: 1392: 1210: 1174: 965: 883: 709: 676: 527: 500: 436: 428: 381: 362: 311: 138: 5164:(1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. pp. 566–575. 3226: 1360: 1047: 749: 624: 165: 3860:

exactly the way the election of 1844 and annexation aftermath transpired."

712:, or little-known, presidential candidate. The delegates selected Senator 5406: 4379:

Freeling, 1991, p. 427: The "so-called Raleigh letter of April 17, 1844."

3507: 3236: 1446: 1403: 473: 170: 5284: 5246: 5122:

Roach, George W. "The Presidential Campaign of 1844 in New York State."

4740:

John Quincy Adams and the Politics of Slavery: Selections from the Diary

4334:

Wilentz, 2008, p. 569: The Whig platform "did not even mention Texas..."

1293:

would make the final count 164 electoral vote for Polk to 111 for Clay.

503:, formerly vice-president, had assumed the presidency upon the death of 3221: 1077: 435:. Tyler dropped out of the race and endorsed Polk. The Whigs nominated 5461: 968:, the incumbent president in 1844, whose term expired on March 4, 1845 916: 598: 120: 113: 5143:

Party Over Section: The Rough and Ready Presidential Election of 1848

4989:

Arguing about slavery: the great battle in the United States Congress

4865:

for February 12, 1845. Also note that Frelinghuysen was President of

5160:

Wilentz, Sean (2005). "Divided Democrats and the Election of 1844".

5080:

Ordeal of the Union: Volume I. Fruits of Manifest Destiny, 1847–1852

1042:

Historian Sean Wilentz describes some of the Whig campaign tactics:

407:

The early leader for the Democratic nomination was former President

1050:

radical...With greater success, the Whigs linked up with resurgent

3231: 1782:

Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for

1767:

Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for

1752:

Results by county, shaded according to percentage of the vote for

1243: 1076: 979: 971: 743: 731: 1267:, which split up the Oregon Territory between the two countries. 5296: 4861:

Frelinghuysen's home state was apparently New York in 1844. See

1467: 6152: 5964: 5851: 5640: 5300: 4933:

The Road to Disunion: Volume I: Secessionists at Bay, 1776-1854

351:, held from Friday, November 1 to Wednesday, December 4, 1844. 4819:

Robert L. Schuyler, "Polk and the Oregon Compromise of 1846."

3981:

Widmer, 2005, p. 150 "...the original 'dark horse' candidate."

4838:"The Whig almanac and United States register for ... 1844–49" 1177:; and the re-establishment of a national bank. His top aide 748:

Martin Van Buren summons spirits to divine the Democratic or

4948:

A Glorious Defeat" Mexico and its war with the United States

924: 915: 606: 597: 251: 3500:"National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present" 5031:

America at the Ballot Box: Elections and Political History

4898:

Ed. Frank Otto Gatell. (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970).

4668:

Exiles in a Land of Liberty: Mormons in America, 1830-1846

365:

in a close contest turning on the controversial issues of

4566:

May 2008, p. 114: Tyler "did not select a running mate."

4483:

Finkelman. 2011, p. 22: The "less than snappy slogan..."

3476:

1844–45 United States House of Representatives elections

1123:, with 148 delegates from twelve states in attendance. 5006:

The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln.

4908:

The University of North Carolina Press. Chapel Hill.

4808:

American Political History: A Very Short Introduction

5162:

The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln

683:, whose credentials also included past service as a 6933: 6858:

elections in which the winner lost the popular vote

6838: 6805: 6767: 6499: 6186: 5894: 5865: 5814: 5787: 5770: 5735: 5701: 5684: 5563: 5537: 5469: 5399: 736:Anti-annexation poster, New York City, April 1844. 87: 76: 4737:Adams, J.Q.; Waldstreicher, D.; Mason, M. (2017). 4665: 3359:States where the margin of victory was under 10%: 1814:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955) pp 247–57. 1284:reportedly said that the ship ferried voters from 1248:Broadside announcing torchlight victory parade in 1119:held its 1843 national convention on August 30 in 976:Political cartoon predicting Polk's defeat by Clay 799:The former military hero went further, urging all 5529:List of federal judges appointed by James K. Polk 3274:States where the margin of victory was under 5%: 3262:States where the margin of victory was under 1%: 819:describes some of the Democrat campaign tactics: 694:, a delegate from Massachusetts, proposed former 5187:"A Historical Analysis of the Electoral College" 4979:American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House 1544:Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections 1164:, ran as an independent under the newly created 302: 5280:Overview of Democratic National Convention 1844 5269:Presidential Election of 1844: A Resource Guide 5251:Porter, Kirk H. and Donald Bruce Johnson, eds. 1044: 821: 255: 5037:Harris, J. George (1990). Wayne Cutler (ed.). 1202:regions. The Whigs showed only a 4% increase. 6164: 5976: 5652: 5312: 4005:spoke passionately against Texas annexation." 8: 5365:Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives 5029:Davies, Gareth, and Julian E. Zelizer, eds. 3401:Each Elector appointed by state legislature 1565:National Archives and Records Administration 784:Andrew Jackson calls for annexation of Texas 32: 3211:States that flipped from Whig to Democratic 483:In 1836, a portion of the Mexican state of 468:Gag rule and Texas annexation controversies 27:15th quadrennial U.S. presidential election 6171: 6157: 6149: 5983: 5969: 5961: 5848: 5784: 5698: 5659: 5645: 5637: 5319: 5305: 5297: 4971:. New York: Times Books/Henry Holt and Co. 1845: 31: 5550:President James K. Polk Home & Museum 4530:used to exploit for political reasons..." 3972:Miller, 1998, p. 484: Italics in original 427:and Speaker. He was the first successful 7060:1844 United States presidential election 6873:electoral vote changes between elections 5993:1844 United States presidential election 5673:1844 United States presidential election 5437:1844 United States presidential election 5427:James K. Polk 1844 presidential campaign 5422:1840 United States presidential election 5210:Ohio History Central Online Encyclopedia 5135:James K. Polk, Continentalist, 1843–1846 4743:. Oxford University Press. p. 293. 4672:. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 3452:History of the United States (1789–1849) 3411:Each Elector chosen by voters statewide 3389: 3131: 3037: 2992: 2987: 2979: 2805: 2613: 2568: 2425: 2331: 2286: 2143: 2098: 2004: 1959: 1868: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1816: 1561:"Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996" 1302: 960: 870: 653: 552: 543:Democratic Party convention and campaign 345:1844 United States presidential election 33:1844 United States presidential election 4437:Freehling, 1991, p. 353, p. 355, p. 436 3491: 3464:, written on June 19, 1844, by Polk to 3428: 1730: 1149:Joseph Smith 1844 presidential campaign 1061:Man Stealer, Slaveholder, and Murdurer, 5285:Election of 1844 in Counting the Votes 3481:1844–45 United States Senate elections 853:– a foreign country – into the Union. 487:declared its independence to form the 5545:President James K. Polk Historic Site 5098:(University Press of Kentucky, 2020). 5023:John Tyler, Champion of the Old South 4906:John Tyler: The Accidental President. 4629:National Party Conventions, 1831-1976 832:Senate vote on the Tyler-Texas treaty 7: 6180:United States presidential elections 5068:James K. Polk: A Political Biography 1540:"1844 Presidential Election Results" 1081:Incumbent President John Tyler, the 690:On the eighth ballot, the historian 6792:South Carolina presidential primary 5432:1844 Democratic National Convention 5417:1840 Democratic National Convention 5253:National party platforms, 1840-1964 5116:Henry Clay: Statesman for the Union 4991:. New York : A.A. Knopf, 1996. 549:1844 Democratic National Convention 417:1844 Democratic National Convention 291:denotes states won by Polk/Dallas, 287:Presidential election results map. 6868:Electoral College results by state 6782:New Hampshire presidential primary 5991:State and district results of the 5555:List of memorials to James K. Polk 5008:W.W. Horton and Company. New York. 3346:North Carolina 4.78% (3,945 votes) 861:Whig Party convention and campaign 25: 7005:Vice presidential confirmations: 4935:. Oxford University Press. 1991. 1578:The popular vote figures exclude 950:Chancellor Of New York University 944:(1811–1814, 1815–1820, 1823–1825) 811:Democratic Party campaign tactics 804:constitutional slavery disputes. 728:Martin Van Buren's Hammett letter 519:, beginning on October 16, 1843. 83:138 electoral votes needed to win 6137: 5620: 5619: 5460: 5041:. University of Tennessee Press. 3304:Pennsylvania 1.91% (6,322 votes) 1790: 1775: 1760: 1745: 1733: 1296: 658:Grand National Democratic banner 634:United States Minister To Russia 392:, which controlled Canada, over 119: 112: 93: 92: 39: 5105:Free Soil: The Election of 1848 5021:Chitwood, Oliver Perry (1939). 3339:Connecticut 4.63% (2,991 votes) 1812:Presidential ballots, 1836-1892 1810:Data from Walter Dean Burnham, 1255:Polk's election confirmed that 752:prospects for election in 1844. 419:. The convention instead chose 6815:List of nominating conventions 5343:President of the United States 5243:Tennessee Historical Quarterly 5233:A guide to political platforms 3504:United States Election Project 1020: 727: 1: 5479:Inauguration of James K. Polk 5275:1844 popular vote by counties 4896:Essays on Jacksonian America, 4891:. Chicago Review Press, 2014. 3457:Inauguration of James K. Polk 1103:prove indispensable to Polk. 1092:"Democratic-Republican Party" 867:1844 Whig National Convention 442:Polk successfully linked the 61:November 1 – December 4, 1844 6900:Certificate of ascertainment 6787:Nevada presidential caucuses 5271:from the Library of Congress 5065:McCormac, Eugene I. (1922). 4946:Henderson, Timothy S. 2007. 3393:Method of choosing electors 3379:Kentucky 8.18% (9,261 votes) 3365:Michigan 6.03% (3,362 votes) 3353:Maryland 4.78% (3,278 votes) 3290:New Jersey 1.09% (823 votes) 3281:New York 1.05% (5,106 votes) 1920: 1906: 1903: 1895: 1892: 1884: 1881: 1873: 1337:Vice-presidential candidate 1183:attacked and killed by a mob 558:1844 Democratic Party ticket 7070:Presidency of James K. Polk 6946:Historical election polling 5514:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 5050:. Oxford University Press. 4950:. Hill and Wang, New York. 4821:Political Science Quarterly 3386:Electoral College selection 3372:Virginia 6.1% (5,819 votes) 3318:Georgia 2.38% (2,047 votes) 3297:Indiana 1.65% (2,314 votes) 3268:Tennessee 0.10% (123 votes) 1083:Democratic-Republican Party 1038:Whig Party campaign tactics 1021:Henry Clay's Alabama letter 78:275 electoral votes of the 7091: 6976:Red states and blue states 5131:Sellers, Charles Grier Jr. 5086:Paul, James C. N. (1951). 3332:Louisiana 2.6% (699 votes) 3325:Delaware 2.45% (301 votes) 3203: 1234:2016 presidential election 1146: 984:Grand National Whig banner 873: 864: 555: 546: 18:1844 presidential election 7024: 6878:electoral vote recipients 6863:Electoral College margins 6135: 5999: 5936: 5847: 5598: 5458: 5334: 5290:December 9, 2017, at the 5046:Holt, Michael F. (1999). 5039:Polk's Campaign Biography 4981:. Random House, New York. 4863:The Journal of the Senate 1865: 1848: 1713: 1705: 1700: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1677: 1656: 1648: 1643: 1635: 1630: 1622: 1617: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1594: 1525: 1519: 1512: 1500: 1490: 1476: 1325: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1209:was most admired. In the 1189:, jail on June 27, 1844. 1162:Latter-day Saint movement 724:, a Pennsylvania lawyer. 703:disputed Oregon territory 643: 347:was the 15th quadrennial 307:President before election 300: 249: 104: 49: 37: 5126:(1938) 19#2 pp: 153–172. 4994:Widmer, Edward L. 2005. 4964:New York: Hill and Wang. 4904:Crapol, Edward P. 2006. 4664:Kenneth H. Winn (1990). 4603:Havel, James T. (1996). 3311:Ohio 1.94% (6,052 votes) 1832:States/districts won by 1820:States/districts won by 1557:Source (Electoral vote): 1265:Buchanan–Pakenham Treaty 740:presided over the event. 499:The incumbent President 7039:Gubernatorial elections 5524:Rivers and Harbors Bill 5484:Oregon boundary dispute 5452:Tennessee State Capitol 4998:. New York: Times Books 4960:Holt, Michael F. 2005. 4925:. New York: Times Books 4633:Congressional Quarterly 4251:Freehling, 1991, p. 431 3616:Meacham, 2008 p. 324: " 1309:Presidential candidate 1250:Lancaster, Pennsylvania 1059:, denounced Clay as a " 685:U.S. minister to France 6883:popular votes received 6807:Nominating conventions 6769:Primaries and caucuses 5805:Theodore Frelinghuysen 5509:All of Mexico Movement 5206:"Ohio History Central" 5033:(2015) pp. 36–58. 1535:Source (Popular vote): 1419:Theodore Frelinghuysen 1252: 1086: 1065: 1010:Theodore Frelinghuysen 1005:and national finance. 985: 977: 969: 929: 920: 892:Theodore Frelinghuysen 876:1844 Whig Party ticket 826: 753: 741: 659: 611: 602: 505:William Henry Harrison 284: 188:Theodore Frelinghuysen 5354:Governor of Tennessee 5137:. vol 2 of biography. 5088:Rift in the Democracy 4929:Freehling, William W. 4823:26.3 (1911): 443-461 4806:Donald T. Critchlow. 4539:Wilentz, 2008, p. 573 4208:Wilentz, 2008, p. 573 3284:(tipping point state) 1247: 1226:Speakers of the House 1160:, and founder of the 1080: 1003:internal improvements 983: 975: 964: 928: 919: 747: 735: 657: 610: 601: 425:Governor of Tennessee 349:presidential election 283: 6966:Presidential debates 6888:popular-vote margins 6549:District of Columbia 5941:Other 1844 elections 5589:William Hawkins Polk 5571:Sarah Childress Polk 5499:Mexican–American War 4797:Holt, 2005, p. 11-12 1727:Cartographic gallery 1271:Allegations of fraud 1261:Mexican–American War 1085:presidential nominee 940:Speaker of the House 801:Jacksonian Democrats 664:Jacksonian democracy 478:District of Columbia 457:Mexican–American War 451:of the anti-slavery 207:States carried 194:Electoral vote 6986:Tipping-point state 6956:Major party tickets 6910:Contingent election 6905:Certificate of vote 6895:Electoral Count Act 6820:Brokered convention 5822:for Vice President: 5385:U.S. Representative 5373:U.S. Representative 5231:Chester, Edward W 5152:50.1 (2016): 58-78 5094:Pearson, Joseph W. 4985:Miller, William Lee 4867:New York University 3471:Second Party System 1305: 34: 6961:Major party losers 6501:Elections by state 5758:Richard M. Johnson 5102:Rayback, Joseph G. 3415:(all other States) 1304:Electoral results 1303: 1276:Louisiana parish, 1253: 1198:the Northwest and 1187:Carthage, Illinois 1087: 986: 978: 970: 930: 921: 908:for Vice President 841:, voting against. 839:Thomas Hart Benton 754: 742: 660: 612: 603: 590:for Vice President 495:Tyler–Texas treaty 358:narrowly defeated 285: 220:Popular vote 177:Running mate 7047: 7046: 6920:Unpledged elector 6915:Faithless elector 6840:Electoral College 6825:Convention bounce 6187:Elections by year 6146: 6145: 5958: 5957: 5932: 5931: 5843: 5842: 5766: 5765: 5634: 5633: 5245:(1953): 152–181. 5112:Remini, Robert V. 4967:May, Gary. 2008. 4956:978-0-8090-6120-4 4941:978-0-19-507259-4 4914:978-0-8078-3041-3 4871:National Archives 4750:978-0-19-994795-9 4647:Smith, Joseph Jr. 3420: 3419: 3207: 3206: 1843: 1842: 1724: 1723: 1718: 1717: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1660: 1532: 1531: 1121:Buffalo, New York 1068:Other nominations 959: 958: 955: 945: 851:Republic of Texas 788:Former President 778:Richmond Enquirer 652: 651: 639: 630: 489:Republic of Texas 375:Republic of Texas 341: 340: 337: 336: 322:Elected President 245: 244: 80:Electoral College 72: 71: 16:(Redirected from 7082: 7034:Senate elections 6991:Election recount 6971:October surprise 6941:Campaign slogans 6843:and popular vote 6173: 6166: 6159: 6150: 6141: 5985: 5978: 5971: 5962: 5883:Vice President: 5849: 5830:Millard Fillmore 5815:Other candidates 5803:Vice President: 5785: 5743:Martin Van Buren 5736:Other candidates 5726:George M. Dallas 5724:Vice President: 5699: 5687:Democratic Party 5661: 5654: 5647: 5638: 5623: 5622: 5611:Zachary Taylor → 5494:Texas annexation 5464: 5392: 5380: 5368: 5357: 5346: 5321: 5314: 5307: 5298: 5257:online 1840-1956 5220: 5218: 5216: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5191:The Green Papers 5175: 5141:Silbey, Joel H. 5138: 5124:New York History 5119: 5091: 5072: 5061: 5042: 5026: 4996:Martin Van Buren 4923:Millard Fillmore 4887:Bicknell, John. 4875: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4834: 4828: 4817: 4811: 4804: 4798: 4795: 4789: 4786: 4780: 4777: 4771: 4768: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4734: 4728: 4725: 4719: 4715: 4709: 4706: 4700: 4696: 4690: 4685: 4679: 4678:, quote on p 203 4677: 4671: 4661: 4655: 4654: 4643: 4637: 4636: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4600: 4594: 4591: 4585: 4582: 4576: 4573: 4567: 4564: 4558: 4555: 4549: 4546: 4540: 4537: 4531: 4527: 4521: 4518: 4512: 4509: 4503: 4499: 4493: 4490: 4484: 4481: 4475: 4472: 4466: 4463: 4457: 4453: 4447: 4444: 4438: 4435: 4429: 4425: 4419: 4416: 4410: 4406: 4400: 4395: 4389: 4386: 4380: 4377: 4371: 4368: 4362: 4359: 4353: 4350: 4344: 4341: 4335: 4332: 4326: 4323: 4317: 4314: 4308: 4305: 4299: 4296: 4290: 4286: 4280: 4277: 4271: 4268: 4262: 4258: 4252: 4249: 4243: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4215: 4209: 4206: 4200: 4197: 4191: 4188: 4182: 4179: 4173: 4169: 4163: 4160: 4154: 4151: 4145: 4142: 4136: 4133: 4127: 4124: 4118: 4115: 4109: 4105: 4099: 4095: 4089: 4086: 4080: 4077: 4071: 4068: 4062: 4058: 4052: 4049: 4043: 4040: 4034: 4031: 4025: 4022: 4016: 4012: 4006: 3999: 3993: 3988: 3982: 3979: 3973: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3949: 3943: 3939: 3933: 3930: 3924: 3921: 3915: 3912: 3906: 3903: 3897: 3894: 3888: 3885: 3879: 3876: 3870: 3867: 3861: 3857: 3851: 3848: 3842: 3838: 3832: 3825: 3819: 3816: 3810: 3807: 3801: 3798: 3792: 3789: 3783: 3780: 3774: 3771: 3765: 3762: 3756: 3752: 3746: 3743: 3737: 3734: 3728: 3725: 3719: 3715: 3709: 3704: 3698: 3695: 3689: 3686: 3680: 3676: 3670: 3667: 3661: 3658: 3652: 3649: 3643: 3636: 3630: 3627: 3621: 3614: 3608: 3605: 3599: 3596: 3590: 3587: 3581: 3578: 3572: 3568: 3562: 3559: 3553: 3550: 3544: 3540: 3534: 3528: 3522: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3496: 3439: 3433: 3390: 3380: 3373: 3366: 3354: 3347: 3340: 3333: 3326: 3319: 3312: 3305: 3298: 3291: 3282: 3269: 1950: 1938: 1846: 1817: 1803:Results by state 1794: 1779: 1764: 1749: 1737: 1675: 1674: 1669: 1668: 1592: 1591: 1586: 1585: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1376:George M. Dallas 1306: 1300: 1257:Manifest Destiny 1207:Manifest Destiny 1158:Nauvoo, Illinois 1100:Robert J. Walker 953: 943: 893: 886: 871: 722:George M. Dallas 716:of New York for 681:Secretary of War 637: 628: 575: 574:George M. Dallas 568: 553: 485:Coahuila y Tejas 433:Manifest Destiny 409:Martin Van Buren 303: 294: 290: 254: 182:George M. Dallas 162:Home state 123: 116: 106: 105: 96: 95: 51: 50: 44: 43: 42: 35: 21: 7090: 7089: 7085: 7084: 7083: 7081: 7080: 7079: 7050: 7049: 7048: 7043: 7029:House elections 7020: 7001:Guam straw poll 6929: 6842: 6834: 6801: 6763: 6495: 6182: 6177: 6147: 6142: 6133: 5995: 5989: 5959: 5954: 5928: 5921:Vice President: 5890: 5877:James G. Birney 5861: 5839: 5810: 5776: 5762: 5731: 5690: 5680: 5665: 5635: 5630: 5594: 5559: 5533: 5504:Thornton Affair 5465: 5456: 5412:Specie Circular 5395: 5383: 5371: 5360: 5349: 5338: 5330: 5325: 5292:Wayback Machine 5265: 5228: 5226:Primary sources 5223: 5214: 5212: 5204: 5195: 5193: 5185: 5172: 5159: 5145:(2009). 205 pp. 5129: 5110: 5085: 5064: 5058: 5045: 5036: 5020: 5016: 5014:Further reading 5011: 4919:Finkelman, Paul 4883: 4878: 4860: 4856: 4846: 4844: 4836: 4835: 4831: 4818: 4814: 4805: 4801: 4796: 4792: 4787: 4783: 4778: 4774: 4769: 4765: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4736: 4735: 4731: 4726: 4722: 4716: 4712: 4707: 4703: 4697: 4693: 4686: 4682: 4663: 4662: 4658: 4645: 4644: 4640: 4627: 4626: 4622: 4615: 4602: 4601: 4597: 4592: 4588: 4583: 4579: 4574: 4570: 4565: 4561: 4556: 4552: 4547: 4543: 4538: 4534: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4506: 4500: 4496: 4491: 4487: 4482: 4478: 4473: 4469: 4464: 4460: 4456:abolitionists." 4454: 4450: 4445: 4441: 4436: 4432: 4426: 4422: 4417: 4413: 4407: 4403: 4398: 4396: 4392: 4387: 4383: 4378: 4374: 4369: 4365: 4360: 4356: 4351: 4347: 4342: 4338: 4333: 4329: 4324: 4320: 4315: 4311: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4293: 4287: 4283: 4278: 4274: 4269: 4265: 4259: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4241: 4237: 4227: 4225: 4219:"James K. Polk" 4217: 4216: 4212: 4207: 4203: 4198: 4194: 4189: 4185: 4180: 4176: 4170: 4166: 4161: 4157: 4152: 4148: 4143: 4139: 4134: 4130: 4125: 4121: 4116: 4112: 4106: 4102: 4096: 4092: 4087: 4083: 4078: 4074: 4069: 4065: 4059: 4055: 4050: 4046: 4041: 4037: 4032: 4028: 4023: 4019: 4013: 4009: 4000: 3996: 3989: 3985: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3967: 3961: 3959: 3955: 3950: 3946: 3940: 3936: 3931: 3927: 3922: 3918: 3913: 3909: 3904: 3900: 3895: 3891: 3886: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3868: 3864: 3858: 3854: 3849: 3845: 3839: 3835: 3829: 3826: 3822: 3817: 3813: 3808: 3804: 3799: 3795: 3790: 3786: 3781: 3777: 3772: 3768: 3763: 3759: 3753: 3749: 3744: 3740: 3735: 3731: 3726: 3722: 3716: 3712: 3707: 3705: 3701: 3696: 3692: 3687: 3683: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3664: 3659: 3655: 3650: 3646: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3633: 3628: 3624: 3615: 3611: 3606: 3602: 3597: 3593: 3588: 3584: 3579: 3575: 3569: 3565: 3560: 3556: 3551: 3547: 3541: 3537: 3532: 3529: 3525: 3519: 3515: 3498: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3448: 3443: 3442: 3434: 3430: 3425: 3388: 3378: 3371: 3364: 3352: 3345: 3338: 3331: 3324: 3317: 3310: 3303: 3296: 3289: 3280: 3267: 3260: 3213: 3208: 2994:no popular vote 2989:no popular vote 2981:no popular vote 1948: 1936: 1911: 1900: 1889: 1878: 1862: 1861:James G. Birney 1857: 1852: 1805: 1798: 1795: 1786: 1780: 1771: 1765: 1756: 1750: 1741: 1738: 1729: 1720: 1719: 1711: 1698: 1663: 1662: 1654: 1641: 1628: 1615: 1576: 1569: 1567: 1559: 1555: 1548: 1546: 1537: 1436:James G. Birney 1343:Electoral vote 1322: 1273: 1242: 1232:victory in the 1195: 1156:, the mayor of 1151: 1145: 1125:James G. Birney 1113: 1075: 1070: 1040: 1023: 952: 942: 938: 891: 884: 878: 869: 863: 834: 813: 786: 738:Albert Gallatin 730: 692:George Bancroft 668:John C. Calhoun 636: 627: 573: 566: 560: 551: 545: 540: 524:John C. Calhoun 517:Isaac Van Zandt 497: 470: 465: 449:James G. Birney 386:war with Mexico 329: 324: 314: 309: 301: 296: 292: 288: 282: 252: 250: 82: 77: 45: 40: 38: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7088: 7086: 7078: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7052: 7051: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7025: 7022: 7021: 7019: 7018: 7017: 7016: 7011: 7003: 6998: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6937: 6935: 6931: 6930: 6928: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6891: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6846: 6844: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6811: 6809: 6803: 6802: 6800: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6773: 6771: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6709:South Carolina 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6674:North Carolina 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6505: 6503: 6497: 6496: 6494: 6493: 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5755: 5750: 5748:James Buchanan 5745: 5739: 5737: 5733: 5732: 5730: 5729: 5721: 5720: 5719: 5705: 5703: 5696: 5682: 5681: 5666: 5664: 5663: 5656: 5649: 5641: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5628: 5615: 5614: 5607: 5599: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5592: 5586: 5580: 5574: 5567: 5565: 5561: 5560: 5558: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5541: 5539: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5475: 5473: 5467: 5466: 5459: 5457: 5455: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5403: 5401: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5393: 5381: 5369: 5358: 5347: 5335: 5332: 5331: 5326: 5324: 5323: 5316: 5309: 5301: 5295: 5294: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5264: 5263:External links 5261: 5260: 5259: 5249: 5239: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5221: 5202: 5182: 5181: 5177: 5176: 5170: 5157: 5146: 5139: 5127: 5120: 5108: 5099: 5092: 5083: 5073: 5062: 5056: 5043: 5034: 5027: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5009: 4999: 4992: 4982: 4972: 4965: 4958: 4944: 4926: 4916: 4902: 4899: 4892: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4876: 4854: 4829: 4812: 4799: 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3387: 3384: 3383: 3382: 3375: 3368: 3357: 3356: 3349: 3342: 3335: 3328: 3321: 3314: 3307: 3300: 3293: 3286: 3272: 3271: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3212: 3209: 3205: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3195: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3148: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3103: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3054: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3009: 3008: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2983: 2978: 2975: 2973:South Carolina 2969: 2968: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2871: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2822: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2781:North Carolina 2777: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2728: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2679: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2630: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2540: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2491: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2442: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2397: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2348: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2303: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2209: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2115: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2070: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2021: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1976: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1934: 1931: 1925: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1875: 1871: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1829: 1828: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1799: 1796: 1789: 1787: 1781: 1774: 1772: 1766: 1759: 1757: 1751: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1732: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1688: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1678:Electoral vote 1673: 1672: 1665: 1664: 1659: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1605: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1590: 1589: 1580:South Carolina 1530: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1520:Needed to win 1517: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1474: 1473: 1470: 1465: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1431: 1430: 1427: 1422: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1379: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1345: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1327: 1324: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1272: 1269: 1241: 1238: 1230:Donald Trump's 1194: 1191: 1147:Main article: 1144: 1141: 1112: 1109: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1039: 1036: 1022: 1019: 957: 956: 946: 932: 931: 922: 912: 911: 904: 896: 895: 888: 880: 879: 874: 865:Main article: 862: 859: 833: 830: 812: 809: 790:Andrew Jackson 785: 782: 774:Thomas Ritchie 729: 726: 718:Vice President 650: 649: 641: 640: 631: 614: 613: 604: 594: 593: 586: 578: 577: 570: 562: 561: 556: 547:Main article: 544: 541: 539: 536: 513:Abel P. Upshur 496: 493: 469: 466: 464: 461: 413:Andrew Jackson 339: 338: 335: 334: 319: 298: 297: 286: 247: 246: 243: 242: 239: 234: 230: 229: 226: 221: 217: 216: 213: 208: 204: 203: 200: 195: 191: 190: 185: 178: 174: 173: 168: 163: 159: 158: 153: 148: 144: 143: 141: 136: 129: 125: 124: 117: 110: 102: 101: 89: 85: 84: 74: 73: 70: 69: 63: 58: 47: 46: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7087: 7076: 7075:James K. Polk 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7026: 7023: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6996: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6938: 6936: 6932: 6926: 6925:Voter turnout 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6850: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6831: 6830:Superdelegate 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6804: 6798: 6797:Super Tuesday 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6777:Iowa caucuses 6775: 6774: 6772: 6770: 6766: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6749:West Virginia 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6654:New Hampshire 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6614:Massachusetts 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6502: 6498: 6492: 6491: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6174: 6169: 6167: 6162: 6160: 6155: 6154: 6151: 6140: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6079:New Hampshire 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6059:Massachusetts 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6001: 5998: 5994: 5986: 5981: 5979: 5974: 5972: 5967: 5966: 5963: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5942: 5939: 5938: 5935: 5925: 5924:Sidney Rigdon 5922: 5919: 5915: 5912: 5911: 5910: 5909: 5905: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5893: 5887: 5886: 5885:Thomas Morris 5881: 5879: 5878: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5867:Liberty Party 5864: 5859: 5855: 5850: 5846: 5836: 5835:John Sargeant 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5801: 5799: 5798: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5786: 5783: 5780: 5775: 5774: 5769: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5734: 5728: 5727: 5722: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5713: 5712: 5711:James K. Polk 5707: 5706: 5704: 5700: 5697: 5694: 5689: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5662: 5657: 5655: 5650: 5648: 5643: 5642: 5639: 5627: 5626: 5617: 5616: 5613: 5612: 5608: 5606: 5605: 5601: 5600: 5597: 5590: 5587: 5584: 5581: 5579:(grandfather) 5578: 5575: 5572: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5562: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5540: 5536: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5519:Walker tariff 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5489:Oregon Treaty 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5468: 5463: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5398: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5341: 5337: 5336: 5333: 5329: 5328:James K. Polk 5322: 5317: 5315: 5310: 5308: 5303: 5302: 5299: 5293: 5289: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5270: 5267: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5229: 5225: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5196:September 17, 5192: 5188: 5184: 5183: 5179: 5178: 5173: 5171:0-393-32921-6 5167: 5163: 5158: 5155: 5151: 5150:Maine History 5147: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5084: 5081: 5077: 5076:Nevins, Allan 5074: 5070: 5069: 5063: 5059: 5057:0-19-505544-6 5053: 5049: 5044: 5040: 5035: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5019: 5018: 5013: 5007: 5003: 5002:Wilentz, Sean 5000: 4997: 4993: 4990: 4986: 4983: 4980: 4976: 4973: 4970: 4966: 4963: 4959: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4903: 4900: 4897: 4893: 4890: 4886: 4885: 4880: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4858: 4855: 4843: 4839: 4833: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4816: 4813: 4809: 4803: 4800: 4794: 4791: 4785: 4782: 4776: 4773: 4767: 4764: 4752: 4746: 4742: 4741: 4733: 4730: 4724: 4721: 4714: 4711: 4705: 4702: 4695: 4692: 4689: 4688:Carthage Jail 4684: 4681: 4675: 4670: 4669: 4660: 4657: 4652: 4648: 4642: 4639: 4634: 4630: 4624: 4621: 4616: 4614:0-02-864623-1 4610: 4606: 4599: 4596: 4590: 4587: 4581: 4578: 4572: 4569: 4563: 4560: 4554: 4551: 4545: 4542: 4536: 4533: 4526: 4523: 4517: 4514: 4508: 4505: 4498: 4495: 4489: 4486: 4480: 4477: 4471: 4468: 4462: 4459: 4452: 4449: 4443: 4440: 4434: 4431: 4424: 4421: 4415: 4412: 4405: 4402: 4394: 4391: 4385: 4382: 4376: 4373: 4367: 4364: 4358: 4355: 4349: 4346: 4340: 4337: 4331: 4328: 4322: 4319: 4313: 4310: 4304: 4301: 4295: 4292: 4285: 4282: 4276: 4273: 4267: 4264: 4257: 4254: 4248: 4245: 4239: 4236: 4224: 4220: 4214: 4211: 4205: 4202: 4196: 4193: 4187: 4184: 4178: 4175: 4168: 4165: 4159: 4156: 4150: 4147: 4141: 4138: 4132: 4129: 4123: 4120: 4114: 4111: 4104: 4101: 4094: 4091: 4085: 4082: 4076: 4073: 4067: 4064: 4057: 4054: 4048: 4045: 4039: 4036: 4030: 4027: 4021: 4018: 4011: 4008: 4004: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3987: 3984: 3978: 3975: 3969: 3966: 3963:unavoidable." 3957: 3954: 3948: 3945: 3938: 3935: 3929: 3926: 3920: 3917: 3911: 3908: 3902: 3899: 3893: 3890: 3884: 3881: 3875: 3872: 3866: 3863: 3856: 3853: 3847: 3844: 3837: 3834: 3824: 3821: 3815: 3812: 3806: 3803: 3797: 3794: 3788: 3785: 3779: 3776: 3770: 3767: 3761: 3758: 3751: 3748: 3742: 3739: 3733: 3730: 3724: 3721: 3714: 3711: 3703: 3700: 3694: 3691: 3685: 3682: 3675: 3672: 3666: 3663: 3657: 3654: 3648: 3645: 3635: 3632: 3626: 3623: 3619: 3613: 3610: 3604: 3601: 3595: 3592: 3586: 3583: 3577: 3574: 3567: 3564: 3558: 3555: 3549: 3546: 3539: 3536: 3527: 3524: 3517: 3514: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3495: 3492: 3486: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3445: 3437: 3432: 3429: 3422: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3399: 3395: 3392: 3391: 3385: 3381: 3376: 3374: 3369: 3367: 3362: 3361: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3348: 3343: 3341: 3336: 3334: 3329: 3327: 3322: 3320: 3315: 3313: 3308: 3306: 3301: 3299: 3294: 3292: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3277: 3276: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3264: 3263: 3257: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3200: 3197: 3196: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3104: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3010: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2990: 2984: 2982: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2970: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2921: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2872: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2823: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2778: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2729: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2634:New Hampshire 2632: 2631: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2586: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2541: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2492: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2446:Massachusetts 2444: 2443: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2349: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2304: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2161: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2116: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1977: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1956: 1953: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1917: 1914: 1909: 1898: 1887: 1876: 1872: 1851:James K. Polk 1847: 1839: 1838:Frelinghuysen 1835: 1831: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1802: 1793: 1788: 1785: 1778: 1773: 1770: 1763: 1758: 1755: 1748: 1743: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1708: 1704: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1684: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1670: 1651: 1647: 1638: 1634: 1625: 1621: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1581: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1545: 1541: 1538:Leip, David. 1536: 1527: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1493: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1463: 1462:Thomas Morris 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1437: 1433: 1432: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1420: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1377: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1351: 1350:James K. Polk 1347: 1346: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1326:Running mate 1318:Popular vote 1307: 1301: 1299: 1294: 1290: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1251: 1246: 1239: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1203: 1201: 1192: 1190: 1188: 1185:while in the 1184: 1180: 1179:Brigham Young 1176: 1171: 1170:Sidney Rigdon 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1150: 1142: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1129:Thomas Morris 1126: 1122: 1118: 1117:Liberty Party 1111:Liberty Party 1110: 1108: 1104: 1101: 1095: 1093: 1084: 1079: 1072: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1053: 1049: 1043: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1029: 1018: 1015: 1011: 1008:Whigs picked 1006: 1004: 998: 994: 990: 982: 974: 967: 963: 951: 947: 941: 937: 934: 933: 927: 923: 918: 914: 913: 910: 909: 905: 903: 902: 901:for President 898: 897: 894: 889: 887: 882: 881: 877: 872: 868: 860: 858: 854: 852: 847: 846:supermajority 842: 840: 831: 829: 825: 820: 818: 810: 808: 805: 802: 797: 795: 791: 783: 781: 779: 775: 770: 766: 762: 759: 751: 746: 739: 734: 725: 723: 719: 715: 711: 706: 704: 700: 699:James K. Polk 697: 696:House Speaker 693: 688: 686: 682: 679:, the former 678: 672: 669: 665: 656: 648: 647: 642: 635: 632: 626: 622: 619: 616: 615: 609: 605: 600: 596: 595: 592: 591: 587: 585: 584: 583:for President 580: 579: 576: 571: 569: 567:James K. Polk 564: 563: 559: 554: 550: 542: 537: 535: 531: 529: 525: 520: 518: 514: 509: 506: 502: 494: 492: 490: 486: 481: 479: 475: 467: 462: 460: 458: 454: 453:Liberty Party 450: 445: 440: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 421:James K. Polk 418: 414: 410: 405: 403: 399: 395: 391: 390:Great Britain 387: 383: 378: 376: 372: 368: 364: 361: 357: 356:James K. Polk 354: 350: 346: 333: 332: 328: 327:James K. Polk 323: 320: 318: 317: 313: 308: 305: 304: 299: 248: 240: 238: 235: 232: 231: 227: 225: 222: 219: 218: 214: 212: 209: 206: 205: 201: 199: 196: 193: 192: 189: 186: 184: 183: 179: 176: 175: 172: 169: 167: 164: 161: 160: 157: 154: 152: 149: 146: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 134: 133:James K. Polk 130: 127: 126: 122: 118: 115: 111: 108: 107: 103: 100: 90: 86: 81: 75: 68: → 67: 64: 62: 59: 57: 54:← 53: 52: 48: 36: 30: 19: 6951:Election Day 6714:South Dakota 6704:Rhode Island 6699:Pennsylvania 6679:North Dakota 6488: 6263: 6109:Rhode Island 6104:Pennsylvania 5992: 5940: 5920: 5908:Joseph Smith 5906: 5903: 5896:Reform Party 5882: 5874: 5821: 5802: 5794: 5771: 5723: 5708: 5685: 5677:1848 → 5672: 5669:← 1840 5618: 5609: 5604:← John Tyler 5602: 5577:Ezekiel Polk 5538:Public image 5436: 5252: 5242: 5232: 5213:. Retrieved 5209: 5194:. Retrieved 5190: 5161: 5149: 5142: 5134: 5123: 5115: 5104: 5095: 5087: 5079: 5067: 5047: 5038: 5030: 5022: 5005: 4995: 4988: 4978: 4975:Meacham, Jon 4968: 4961: 4947: 4932: 4922: 4905: 4895: 4888: 4881:Bibliography 4857: 4845:. Retrieved 4841: 4832: 4820: 4815: 4810:(2015) p.46. 4807: 4802: 4793: 4784: 4775: 4766: 4754:. Retrieved 4739: 4732: 4723: 4713: 4704: 4694: 4683: 4667: 4659: 4641: 4628: 4623: 4604: 4598: 4589: 4580: 4571: 4562: 4553: 4544: 4535: 4525: 4516: 4507: 4497: 4488: 4479: 4470: 4461: 4451: 4442: 4433: 4423: 4414: 4409:opposition'" 4404: 4393: 4384: 4375: 4366: 4357: 4348: 4339: 4330: 4321: 4312: 4303: 4294: 4284: 4275: 4266: 4256: 4247: 4238: 4226:. Retrieved 4222: 4213: 4204: 4195: 4186: 4177: 4167: 4158: 4149: 4140: 4131: 4122: 4113: 4103: 4093: 4084: 4075: 4066: 4056: 4047: 4038: 4029: 4020: 4010: 3997: 3986: 3977: 3968: 3956: 3947: 3937: 3928: 3919: 3910: 3901: 3892: 3883: 3874: 3865: 3855: 3846: 3836: 3823: 3814: 3805: 3796: 3787: 3778: 3769: 3760: 3750: 3741: 3732: 3723: 3713: 3702: 3693: 3684: 3674: 3665: 3656: 3647: 3634: 3625: 3612: 3603: 3594: 3585: 3576: 3566: 3557: 3548: 3538: 3526: 3516: 3503: 3494: 3466:John K. Kane 3436:Silas Wright 3431: 3414: 3377: 3370: 3363: 3358: 3351: 3344: 3337: 3330: 3323: 3316: 3309: 3302: 3295: 3288: 3279: 3278: 3273: 3266: 3261: 3258:Close states 3252:Pennsylvania 3132: 3038: 2993: 2988: 2980: 2924:Rhode Island 2875:Pennsylvania 2806: 2614: 2569: 2426: 2332: 2287: 2144: 2099: 2005: 1960: 1869:State Total 1811: 1807: 1806: 1783: 1768: 1753: 1691: 1608: 1595:Popular vote 1577: 1568:. Retrieved 1556: 1547:. Retrieved 1543: 1534: 1533: 1491: 1477: 1460: 1434: 1417: 1391: 1382:Pennsylvania 1374: 1348: 1295: 1291: 1281: 1274: 1254: 1240:Consequences 1223: 1219: 1215: 1204: 1200:Mid-Atlantic 1196: 1166:Reform Party 1154:Joseph Smith 1152: 1143:Joseph Smith 1137:Gerrit Smith 1114: 1105: 1096: 1088: 1060: 1045: 1041: 1032: 1024: 1014:colonization 1007: 999: 995: 991: 987: 907: 906: 900: 899: 875: 855: 843: 835: 827: 822: 817:Sean Wilentz 814: 806: 798: 787: 777: 771: 767: 763: 755: 714:Silas Wright 707: 689: 673: 661: 644: 589: 588: 582: 581: 557: 532: 521: 510: 498: 482: 471: 441: 406: 379: 344: 342: 325: 321: 310: 306: 236: 223: 210: 197: 180: 131: 60: 29: 6981:Swing state 6629:Mississippi 6539:Connecticut 6069:Mississippi 6014:Connecticut 5875:President: 5858:independent 5854:Third-party 5795:President: 5709:President: 5583:Samuel Polk 5391:(1825–1833) 5379:(1833–1839) 5367:(1835–1839) 5356:(1839–1841) 5345:(1845–1849) 5215:November 8, 4756:December 2, 4699:slavery..." 4228:October 18, 3462:Kane Letter 3242:Mississippi 2544:Mississippi 2025:Connecticut 1853:Democratic 1340:Home state 1334:Percentage 1315:Home state 1286:New Orleans 1278:Plaquemines 1133:William Jay 1028:Slave Power 954:(1839–1850) 794:Sam Houston 758:Slave power 638:(1837–1839) 629:(1839–1841) 538:Nominations 316:Independent 233:Percentage 7065:Henry Clay 7054:Categories 6744:Washington 6664:New Mexico 6659:New Jersey 6529:California 6084:New Jersey 5904:President: 5860:candidates 5825:John Davis 5797:Henry Clay 5779:Convention 5773:Whig Party 5753:Lewis Cass 5693:Convention 5471:Presidency 5447:Polk Place 5442:Dark horse 4969:John Tyler 4842:HathiTrust 4061:statehood. 3991:World Book 3942:divisions. 3831:contrary." 3487:References 3190:2,703,864 3166:1,300,157 3157:1,339,570 3133:no ballots 3039:no ballots 2807:no ballots 2683:New Jersey 2615:no ballots 2570:no ballots 2427:no ballots 2333:no ballots 2288:no ballots 2145:no ballots 2100:no ballots 2006:no ballots 1961:no ballots 1856:Henry Clay 1504:2,703,659 1408:1,300,004 1393:Henry Clay 1365:1,339,494 1356:Democratic 1211:Deep South 1175:free trade 1073:John Tyler 1057:Abel Brown 966:John Tyler 885:Henry Clay 815:Historian 710:dark horse 677:Lewis Cass 528:Deep South 501:John Tyler 463:Background 437:Henry Clay 429:dark horse 382:John Tyler 380:President 371:annexation 363:Henry Clay 331:Democratic 312:John Tyler 228:1,300,005 151:Democratic 139:Henry Clay 6754:Wisconsin 6719:Tennessee 6624:Minnesota 6599:Louisiana 6119:Tennessee 6044:Louisiana 5591:(brother) 5180:Web sites 5107:. (1970). 4718:Destiny." 4289:session." 4172:frontier. 4108:demands." 3679:mandate." 3521:Dallas)." 3396:State(s) 3227:Louisiana 3013:Tennessee 2307:Louisiana 1910:electoral 1899:electoral 1888:electoral 1877:electoral 1361:Tennessee 1321:Electoral 1048:Loco Foco 750:Loco Foco 625:Tennessee 423:, former 224:1,339,494 166:Tennessee 6849:Results 6739:Virginia 6689:Oklahoma 6669:New York 6644:Nebraska 6634:Missouri 6619:Michigan 6609:Maryland 6594:Kentucky 6574:Illinois 6544:Delaware 6534:Colorado 6524:Arkansas 6129:Virginia 6089:New York 6074:Missouri 6064:Michigan 6054:Maryland 6039:Kentucky 6029:Illinois 6019:Delaware 6009:Arkansas 5914:campaign 5788:Nominees 5717:campaign 5702:Nominees 5625:Category 5585:(father) 5407:Bank War 5288:Archived 5133:(1966). 5114:(1991). 5004:. 2008. 4987:. 1996. 4977:. 2008. 4921:. 2011. 4847:March 4, 4649:(1844). 4428:System." 4003:Gallatin 3508:CQ Press 3446:See also 3247:New York 3237:Michigan 3198:TO WIN: 3151:TOTALS: 3107:Virginia 3049:119,957 2915:331,572 2891:161,125 2882:167,447 2866:312,224 2842:155,113 2833:149,061 2772:485,882 2748:232,482 2739:237,588 2732:New York 2589:Missouri 2495:Michigan 2486:132,037 2480:-14,023 2401:Maryland 2298:116,865 2262:Kentucky 2253:140,154 2204:109,057 2164:Illinois 2074:Delaware 1980:Arkansas 1949:00048669 1937:00013618 1863:Liberty 1570:July 31, 1549:July 27, 1447:Michigan 1425:New York 1404:Kentucky 1052:nativist 646:Campaign 621:Governor 474:gag rule 400:and the 369:and the 353:Democrat 171:Kentucky 128:Nominee 6934:Related 6853:summary 6759:Wyoming 6734:Vermont 6639:Montana 6579:Indiana 6559:Georgia 6554:Florida 6519:Arizona 6509:Alabama 6124:Vermont 6034:Indiana 6024:Georgia 6004:Alabama 5255:(1965) 5235:(1977) 5082:(1947). 4874:Jersey. 4635:. 1979. 4223:HISTORY 3755:Texas." 3543:Texas." 3222:Indiana 3217:Georgia 3184:39,413 3175:62,054 3143:95,539 3123:44,860 3114:50,679 3098:48,829 3095:-17.88 3092:-8,731 3074:26,780 3065:18,049 3058:Vermont 3029:60,040 3020:59,917 2964:12,296 2961:-19.97 2958:-2,455 2860:-6,052 2817:82,521 2811:-3,945 2797:43,232 2788:39,287 2757:15,812 2723:75,944 2699:38,318 2690:37,495 2674:49,187 2650:17,866 2641:27,160 2625:72,522 2619:10,122 2605:31,200 2596:41,322 2580:45,004 2560:19,158 2551:25,846 2535:55,751 2511:24,375 2502:27,737 2483:-10.62 2471:10,830 2462:67,062 2453:53,039 2437:68,690 2431:-3,278 2417:35,984 2408:32,706 2392:84,933 2386:11,341 2368:34,378 2359:45,719 2343:26,865 2323:13,083 2314:13,782 2292:-9,261 2278:61,249 2269:51,988 2229:67,867 2220:70,181 2213:Indiana 2198:12,941 2180:45,854 2171:58,795 2155:86,247 2135:42,100 2126:44,147 2119:Georgia 2110:12,247 2065:64,616 2059:-2,991 2041:32,832 2032:29,841 2016:15,150 1971:63,403 1965:11,399 1951:26,002 1939:37,401 1929:Alabama 1866:Margin 1808:Source: 1710: 1697: 1653: 1640: 1627: 1614: 1451:62,103 1442:Liberty 1411:48.08% 1368:49.54% 1193:Results 776:of the 444:dispute 373:of the 367:slavery 109: 88:Turnout 6694:Oregon 6649:Nevada 6589:Kansas 6564:Hawaii 6514:Alaska 5950:Senate 5573:(wife) 5564:Family 5247:online 5237:online 5168: 5154:online 5054: 4954: 4939: 4931:1991. 4912: 4825:online 4747: 4611: 3718:else." 3169:48.09 3160:49.54 3137:5,819 3126:46.95 3117:53.05 3083:3,970 3077:54.84 3068:36.96 3046:-0.10 3032:50.05 3023:49.95 2943:59.55 2940:7,322 2934:39.58 2931:4,867 2909:6,322 2900:3,000 2894:48.59 2885:50.50 2863:-1.94 2851:8,050 2845:49.68 2836:47.74 2814:-4.78 2800:52.39 2791:47.61 2766:5,106 2751:47.85 2742:48.90 2720:-1.09 2702:50.46 2693:49.37 2671:18.90 2668:9,294 2659:4,161 2653:36.32 2644:55.22 2622:13.96 2608:43.02 2599:56.98 2577:14.85 2574:6,688 2563:42.57 2554:57.43 2529:3,362 2520:3,639 2514:43.72 2505:49.75 2465:50.79 2456:40.17 2434:-4.78 2420:52.39 2411:47.61 2389:13.35 2377:4,836 2371:40.48 2362:53.83 2326:48.70 2317:51.30 2295:-8.18 2281:54.09 2272:45.91 2247:2,314 2238:2,106 2232:48.42 2223:50.07 2201:11.86 2189:3,469 2183:42.05 2174:53.91 2149:2,047 2138:48.81 2129:51.19 2107:-2.45 2093:51.20 2090:6,271 2084:48.75 2081:5,970 2062:-4.63 2050:1,943 2044:50.81 2035:46.18 2013:26.02 2010:3,942 1999:36.99 1996:5,604 1990:63.01 1987:9,546 1968:17.98 1954:41.01 1942:58.99 1912:votes 1901:votes 1890:votes 1879:votes 1874:State 1826:Dallas 1784:Birney 1714:38.18% 1701:61.81% 1649:Others 1636:Birney 1631:48.08% 1618:49.54% 1501:Total 1485:0.08% 1482:2,058 1454:2.30% 1331:Count 1312:Party 394:Oregon 293:Yellow 241:48.1% 147:Party 91:79.2% 6724:Texas 6604:Maine 6569:Idaho 6049:Maine 5945:House 3841:way." 3423:Notes 3232:Maine 3187:1.45 3178:2.30 3140:6.10 3086:8.13 3043:-123 2952:0.87 2912:1.91 2903:0.90 2854:2.58 2769:1.05 2760:3.25 2717:-823 2711:0.17 2662:8.46 2532:6.03 2523:6.53 2474:8.20 2380:5.69 2352:Maine 2340:2.60 2250:1.65 2241:1.50 2192:3.18 2152:2.38 2104:-301 2053:3.01 1858:Whig 1657:0.08% 1644:2.30% 1507:100% 1492:Other 1478:Other 1323:vote 1282:Agnes 1168:with 402:South 398:North 237:49.5% 7014:1974 7009:1973 6995:2000 6729:Utah 6684:Ohio 6584:Iowa 6490:2024 6484:2020 6479:2016 6474:2012 6469:2008 6464:2004 6459:2000 6454:1996 6449:1992 6444:1988 6439:1984 6434:1980 6429:1976 6424:1972 6419:1968 6414:1964 6409:1960 6404:1956 6399:1952 6394:1948 6389:1944 6384:1940 6379:1936 6374:1932 6369:1928 6364:1924 6359:1920 6354:1916 6349:1912 6344:1908 6339:1904 6334:1900 6329:1896 6324:1892 6319:1888 6314:1884 6309:1880 6304:1876 6299:1872 6294:1868 6289:1864 6284:1860 6279:1856 6274:1852 6269:1848 6264:1844 6259:1840 6254:1836 6249:1832 6244:1828 6239:1824 6234:1820 6229:1816 6224:1812 6219:1808 6214:1804 6209:1800 6204:1796 6199:1792 6194:1788 6099:Ohio 5856:and 5671:) 5400:Life 5389:TN–6 5387:for 5377:TN–9 5375:for 5362:13th 5340:11th 5217:2006 5198:2005 5166:ISBN 5052:ISBN 4952:ISBN 4937:ISBN 4910:ISBN 4849:2021 4758:2020 4745:ISBN 4609:ISBN 4230:2018 3201:138 3172:105 3163:170 3154:275 2949:107 2826:Ohio 2708:131 2337:699 1834:Clay 1822:Polk 1769:Clay 1754:Polk 1706:Clay 1692:Polk 1623:Clay 1609:Polk 1572:2005 1551:2005 1528:138 1523:138 1515:275 1510:275 1468:Ohio 1429:105 1414:105 1399:Whig 1386:170 1371:170 1131:and 1115:The 948:2nd 360:Whig 343:The 289:Blue 202:105 156:Whig 97:1.1 66:1848 56:1840 5351:9th 4674:203 3193:US 3146:VA 3120:17 3111:17 3101:VT 3052:TN 3035:13 3017:13 3007:SC 2967:RI 2918:PA 2888:26 2879:26 2869:OH 2848:23 2830:23 2820:NC 2803:11 2785:11 2775:NY 2745:36 2736:36 2726:NJ 2677:NH 2628:MO 2583:MS 2538:MI 2489:MA 2468:12 2450:12 2440:MD 2395:ME 2346:LA 2301:KY 2284:12 2266:12 2256:IN 2226:12 2217:12 2207:IL 2158:GA 2132:10 2123:10 2113:DE 2068:CT 2019:AR 1974:AL 936:7th 623:of 618:9th 215:11 198:170 7056:: 5943:: 5208:. 5189:. 5078:. 4840:. 4631:. 4221:. 3506:. 3502:. 3181:- 3129:- 3089:- 3080:6 3071:- 3062:6 3026:- 3004:- 3001:- 2998:- 2985:9 2977:9 2955:- 2946:4 2937:- 2928:4 2906:- 2897:- 2857:- 2839:- 2794:- 2763:- 2754:- 2714:- 2705:7 2696:- 2687:7 2665:- 2656:- 2647:6 2638:6 2611:- 2602:7 2593:7 2566:- 2557:6 2548:6 2526:- 2517:- 2508:5 2499:5 2477:- 2459:- 2423:8 2414:- 2405:8 2383:- 2374:- 2365:9 2356:9 2329:- 2320:6 2311:6 2275:- 2244:- 2235:- 2195:- 2186:- 2177:9 2168:9 2141:- 2096:3 2087:- 2078:3 2056:- 2047:6 2038:- 2029:6 2002:- 1993:3 1984:3 1957:- 1945:9 1933:9 1921:# 1918:% 1915:# 1907:% 1904:# 1896:% 1893:# 1885:% 1882:# 1563:. 1542:. 1496:— 1488:— 1472:0 1457:0 705:. 687:. 459:. 211:15 99:pp 6997:) 6993:( 6172:e 6165:t 6158:v 5984:e 5977:t 5970:v 5781:) 5777:( 5695:) 5691:( 5679:) 5675:( 5667:( 5660:e 5653:t 5646:v 5320:e 5313:t 5306:v 5219:. 5200:. 5174:. 5156:. 5118:. 5090:. 5071:. 5060:. 5025:. 4943:. 4851:. 4827:. 4760:. 4676:. 4653:. 4617:. 4232:. 3510:. 1836:/ 1824:/ 1574:. 1553:. 20:)

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Knowledge (XXG)

1844 United States presidential election

Index