30:
37:
288:
The 1871 earthquake resulted in 2,000 fatalities and another 4,000 people died in the 1872 shock. Both earthquakes destroyed at least half of the town; the dome at the
Imamzadeh of Sultan Ibrahim was heavily damaged and declared a loss. One brick school building also collapsed. Damage was distributed
275:
corresponded with a north-northwest–south-southeast trending dextral fault in the area. It runs through the Kopeh Dagh at an oblique angle and offsets the region's bedrock; continuing northwards, the fault joins with the
Ashkabad Fault System. There is little evidence of faulting in the Atrak Valley
276:
to the south via satellite imaging, however, the damage pattern suggest the fault continues southwards. A river channel running along the projected path of the fault may be evidence of the fault's presence. The moment magnitude of the
December 1871 earthquake was estimated at M
264:, and strike-slip faulting along a shear zone termed the Central Kopet Dag Shear Zone within the range. The northwestern Kopet Dag accommodates convergence with thrusting and minor left-lateral faulting. In the eastern Kopet Dag, north of
259:
to the tectonically stable Turan platform. The north–east convergence in northeastern Iran occurs obliquely with respect to the northwest–southeast trending Kopet Dag. Oblique convergence is accommodated by
987:
620:
1875:
1446:
774:
949:
1653:
1709:
29:
980:
529:
451:"Structural evolution of the Kopeh Dagh fold-and-thrust belt (NE Iran) and interactions with the South Caspian Sea Basin and Amu Darya Basin"
1814:
1056:
449:
Robert, Alexandra M.M.; Letouzey, Jean; Kavoosi, Mohammad A.; Sherkati, Sharham; Müller, Carla; Vergés, Jaume; Aghababaei, Abdollah (2014).
227:
zone. In eastern Iran (south of the Kopet Dag), north–south trending right-lateral strike-slip faults in a 400 km (250 mi)-wide
1096:
1066:
1658:
729:
819:
1436:
973:
613:
1244:
934:
96:
1663:
889:
1163:
1598:
1583:
954:
929:
839:
1694:
794:
1537:
1086:
996:
924:
335:
172: 7.0 earthquake in the same area on 6 January 1872. Altogether, these earthquakes killed at least 6,000 people in the
1416:
1249:
919:
1880:
1699:
1193:
1106:
1320:
1885:
1850:
1845:
1809:
1794:
1689:
1628:
1608:
1527:
1476:
606:
1507:
1824:
1799:
1633:
1279:
1213:
1051:
884:
629:
330:
213:
1613:
385:
Hollingsworth, James; Jackson, James; Walker, Richard; Gheitanchi, Mohammad Reza; Bolourchi, Mohammad Javad (2006).
1769:
1638:
1623:
1618:
1502:
1365:
1360:
1259:
1142:
1122:
1101:
1025:
944:
939:
268:, right-lateral strike-slip faulting occurs. Right-lateral faults have been observed displacing the mountain belt.
1870:
1865:
1789:
1759:
1744:
1729:
1547:
1431:
1355:
1350:
1335:
1305:
1239:
1183:
1178:
1091:
874:
769:
734:
185:
1749:
1739:
1673:
1466:
1380:
1310:
1264:
1203:
1020:
909:
864:
804:
764:
749:
744:
724:
653:
302:
160:
156:
131:
1724:
1325:
1137:
293:
to Quchan. In Esfejīr, 80 homes were levelled and eight settlements were devastated; 70 people were killed in
1300:
546:
216:
accommodates roughly half of it. Meanwhile, the rest is distributed across the Alborz, Kopet Dag and central
1774:
1714:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1512:
1471:
1451:
1426:
1406:
1401:
1396:
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1208:
1198:
1173:
1168:
1071:
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1010:
914:
904:
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879:
849:
829:
824:
663:
1764:
1754:
1719:
1704:
1668:
1643:
1603:
1588:
1542:
1522:
1497:
1481:
1456:
1421:
1370:
1330:
1315:
1158:
1127:
1076:
1030:
854:
809:
789:
784:
759:
739:
708:
703:
693:
683:
678:
673:
668:
658:
648:
643:
1860:
1855:
1819:
1804:
1784:
1779:
1734:
1648:
1593:
1567:
1461:
1411:
1340:
1269:
1234:
1132:
1046:
894:
869:
859:
834:
814:
799:
754:
688:
209:
1532:
1441:
1254:
1188:
1081:
466:
398:
240:
1345:
1218:
844:
779:
294:
387:"Strike-slip faulting, rotation, and along-strike elongation in the Kopeh Dagh mountains, NE Iran"
416:
358:
525:
272:
569:
517:
482:
474:
406:
306:
256:
189:
200:
mountains. Deformation is also accommodated in eastern and central Iran, as well as in the
261:
450:
560:
Tchalenko, J. S. (1975). "Seismicity and
Structure of the Kopet Dagh (Iran, U.S.S.R.)".
470:
402:
521:
205:
1839:
504:
420:
411:
386:
310:
221:
478:
318:
252:
217:
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moves northwards at approximately 23 mm (0.91 in) per year, where the
201:
228:
224:
111:
98:
298:
197:
965:
573:
505:"Chapter 9 – Active Tectonics and Geologic Setting of the Iranian Plateau"
462:
248:
244:
487:
290:
265:
598:
314:
193:
173:
433:
239:
The northern Kopet Dag range front marks a linear boundary with the
159:
occurred less than a month apart. The first earthquake, measuring
243:(part of the Eurasian Plate). The Kopet Dag mountains consist of
220:. In southern Iran, this motion is partially accommodated by the
135:
969:
602:
591:. Cambridge Earth Science Series. Cambridge University Press.
562:
301:
was in ruins. Some nearby settlements to Quchan, such as
545:
Ambraseys, N .N.; Moinfar, A.; Tchalenko, J .S. (1971).
289:
across a north-northwest–south-southeast zone from near
184:
Present-day seismic activity in Iran indicate tectonic
168:
7.1, occurred on 23 December 1871, was followed by a M
251:
sedimentary rocks, and represent the closure of the
1682:
1576:
1490:
1389:
1288:
1227:
1151:
1115:
1039:
1003:
717:
636:
361:; Bilham, R. (2003). "Earthquakes in Afghanistan".
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127:
90:
78:
63:
48:
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36:
380:
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981:
614:
353:
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8:
19:
988:
974:
966:
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607:
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587:Ambraseys, N. N.; Melville, C. P. (1982).
444:
442:
255:, which closed when northeastern Iran was
18:
486:
410:
309:were unscathed. Weak shaking was felt in
161:
547:The Karnaveh Earthquake of 30 July 1970
510:Developments in Earth Surface Processes
347:
313:, and the earthquake was also felt in
7:
1876:History of Razavi Khorasan province
522:10.1016/B978-0-444-63292-0.00009-0
502:Berberian, Manuel (25 June 2014).
14:
391:Geophysical Journal International
589:A History of Persian Earthquakes
412:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02983.x
188:is being accommodated along the
35:
28:
479:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.05.002
775:1968 Dasht-e Bayaz and Ferdows
549:(Report). UNESCO Publications.
363:Seismological Research Letters
336:List of historical earthquakes
1:
455:Marine and Petroleum Geology
331:List of earthquakes in Iran
214:Zagros fold and thrust belt
155:which affected present-day
1902:
153:1871–72 Quchan earthquakes
20:1871–72 Quchan earthquakes
950:2022–2023 West Azerbaijan
434:Hollingsworth et al. 2006
271:The north–south trending
24:
1097:1817 Santiago del Estero
1067:1812 San Juan Capistrano
997:Earthquakes in the 1800s
231:accommodate the motion.
157:Razavi Khorasan province
132:Razavi Khorasan province
730:1923 Torbat-e Heydarieh
1710:1892 Vacaville–Winters
574:10.1098/rsta.1975.0019
1664:1888 North Canterbury
1881:December 1871 events
1659:1888 Río de la Plata
1599:1881 Nicobar Islands
1057:1811–1812 New Madrid
955:2024 Razavi Khorasan
930:2019 East Azerbaijan
890:2012 East Azerbaijan
1886:January 1872 events
1851:Doublet earthquakes
1846:Earthquakes in Iran
1584:1880 Southern Luzon
1538:1872 North Cascades
1447:1867 Virgin Islands
1245:1841 Caída da Praia
1087:1816 North Atlantic
925:2018 Sarpol-e Zahab
630:Earthquakes in Iran
471:2014MarPG..57...68R
403:2006GeoJI.166.1161H
108: /
21:
16:Earthquakes in Iran
1815:1899 Aydın–Denizli
1700:1892 Laguna Salada
1654:1888 Ritter Island
1107:1819 Rann of Kutch
820:1990 Manjil–Rudbar
1833:
1832:
1690:1891 Port Waikato
1629:1885 Belovodoskoe
1609:1883 Casamicciola
1528:1872 Owens Valley
1477:1869 Christchurch
963:
962:
840:2002 Bou'in-Zahra
531:978-0-444-63292-0
273:meizoseismal zone
204:, in the form of
149:
148:
145:~6,000 fatalities
1893:
1871:1872 earthquakes
1866:1871 earthquakes
1825:1899 San Jacinto
1810:1899 Yakutat Bay
1800:1898 Mare Island
1634:1886 Peloponnese
1417:1863 Hawke's Bay
1280:1848 Marlborough
1250:1842 Cap-Haïtien
1214:1838 San Andreas
1164:1833 Bihar–Nepal
1052:1810 North Korea
990:
983:
976:
967:
885:2010 Hosseinabad
623:
616:
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536:
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397:(3): 1161–1177.
382:
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180:Tectonic setting
166:
123:
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120:
119:
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113:
109:
106:
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86: 7.1, 7.0
74:
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52:23 December 1871
39:
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1901:
1900:
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1895:
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1890:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1770:1895 Charleston
1695:1891 Mino–Owari
1678:
1639:1886 Charleston
1624:1884 Andalusian
1619:1884 Colchester
1572:
1503:1870 Charlevoix
1486:
1385:
1366:1857 Basilicata
1361:1857 Fort Tejon
1284:
1260:1843 Guadeloupe
1223:
1194:1835 Concepción
1147:
1143:1829 Torrevieja
1123:1822 Costa Rica
1111:
1035:
999:
994:
964:
959:
920:2017 Kermanshah
795:1977 Bob–Tangol
713:
632:
627:
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384:
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359:Ambraseys, N.N.
357:
356:
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327:
286:
279:
262:thrust faulting
237:
206:tectonic blocks
182:
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165:
116:
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70:
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55:
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49:Local date
44:
43:
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40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1897:
1889:
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1838:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
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1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1795:1898 Balıkesir
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1760:1895 Ljubljana
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1705:1892 Catamarca
1702:
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1692:
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1565:
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1518:1871–72 Quchan
1515:
1510:
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1500:
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1492:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
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1437:1867 Manhattan
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1399:
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1356:1856 Heraklion
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1336:1855 Wairarapa
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1306:1852 Banda Sea
1303:
1298:
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1290:
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1285:
1283:
1282:
1277:
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1267:
1262:
1257:
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1247:
1242:
1240:1841 Kamchatka
1237:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1184:1834 Jerusalem
1181:
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1125:
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1092:1816 Guatemala
1089:
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1079:
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947:
945:2022 Hormozgan
942:
940:2021 Hormozgan
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
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907:
902:
897:
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875:July 2010 Iran
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837:
832:
827:
822:
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802:
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772:
770:1958 Firuzabad
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
735:1929 Kopet Dag
732:
727:
721:
719:
715:
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701:
699:1871–72 Quchan
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305:, Hai Hai and
297:and a fort in
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241:Turan platform
236:
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210:Arabian shield
181:
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147:
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128:Areas affected
125:
124:
92:
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80:
76:
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67:6 January 1872
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1813:
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1808:
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1803:
1801:
1798:
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1790:1897 Mindanao
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1776:
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1763:
1761:
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1750:1894 San Juan
1748:
1746:
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1741:
1740:1894 Istanbul
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1730:1894 Atalanti
1728:
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1703:
1701:
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1674:1889 Kumamoto
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1501:
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1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
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1392:
1388:
1382:
1381:1859 Shamakhi
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1351:1856 Djijelli
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1321:1854 Iga–Ueno
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1311:1852 Acapulco
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1265:1843 Wanganui
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1204:1837 Valdivia
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
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1177:
1175:
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1121:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1108:
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1103:
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1098:
1095:
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1088:
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1080:
1078:
1075:
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1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1021:1804 Kisakata
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
991:
986:
984:
979:
977:
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968:
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951:
948:
946:
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936:
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928:
926:
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921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
910:2013 Borazjan
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
865:2006 Borujerd
863:
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851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
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831:
828:
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811:
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788:
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783:
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778:
776:
773:
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766:
765:1957 Farsinaj
763:
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756:
753:
751:
750:1948 Ashgabat
748:
746:
745:1947 Dustabad
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
725:1909 Borujerd
723:
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710:
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687:
685:
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660:
657:
655:
654:1667 Shamakhi
652:
650:
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645:
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635:
631:
624:
619:
617:
612:
610:
605:
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563:
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541:
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373:
369:(2): 107–123.
368:
364:
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329:
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324:
322:
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316:
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283:
281:
280: 7.1.
274:
269:
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263:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
234:
232:
230:
226:
223:
222:Makran Trench
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
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179:
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167:
158:
154:
144:
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130:
126:
121:
112:37.4°N 58.4°E
93:
89:
81:
77:
66:
62:
51:
47:
31:
23:
1861:1872 in Iran
1856:1871 in Asia
1775:1896 Sanriku
1715:1893 Malatya
1563:1879 Surigao
1558:1879 Bozqush
1553:1877 Iquique
1517:
1472:1868 Hayward
1467:1868 Ecuador
1452:1867 Keelung
1427:1865 Memphis
1407:1861 Mendoza
1402:1861 Mendoza
1397:1861 Sumatra
1376:1859 Erzurum
1301:1851 Vulture
1296:1850 Xichang
1275:1847 Zenkoji
1209:1838 Vrancea
1199:1837 Galilee
1174:1833 Sumatra
1169:1833 Kunming
1102:1819 Copiapó
1072:1812 Ventura
1062:1812 Caracas
1026:1804 Almería
1016:1803 Garhwal
1011:1802 Vrancea
915:2014 Murmuri
905:2013 Saravan
900:2013 Bushehr
880:2010 Damghan
850:2004 Baladeh
830:1997 Ardabil
825:1997 Bojnurd
805:1979 Ghaenat
698:
664:1679 Yerevan
588:
582:
565:
564:. Series A.
561:
555:
540:
513:
509:
497:
458:
454:
429:
394:
390:
366:
362:
287:
270:
253:Tethys Ocean
238:
183:
152:
150:
1765:1895 Balkan
1755:1895 Quchan
1745:1894 Shōnai
1720:1893 Quchan
1669:1889 Chilik
1644:1887 Sonora
1604:1882 Panama
1589:1880 Zagreb
1548:1875 Cúcuta
1543:1873 Alpago
1523:1872 Hamada
1508:1871 Lānaʻi
1498:1870 Batang
1482:1869 Cachar
1457:1868 Hawaii
1432:1866 Bingöl
1422:1863 Manila
1371:1858 Hietsu
1331:1854 Nankai
1316:1853 Shiraz
1179:1833 Shōnai
1159:1830 Cixian
1128:1822 Aleppo
1077:1815 Pinglu
1031:1805 Molise
855:2005 Zarand
810:1981 Golbaf
790:1977 Naghan
785:1977 Khurgu
760:1957 Alborz
740:1930 Salmas
709:1895 Quchan
704:1893 Quchan
694:1853 Shiraz
684:1780 Tabriz
679:1778 Kashan
674:1727 Tabriz
669:1721 Tabriz
659:1641 Tabriz
649:893 Ardabil
644:856 Damghan
516:: 151–171.
488:10261/98374
218:Caspian Sea
202:Dasht-e Lut
186:deformation
115: /
1840:Categories
1820:1899 Ceram
1805:1898 Trilj
1780:1896 Rikuu
1735:1894 Tokyo
1725:1894 Vlorë
1649:1887 Verny
1614:1883 Çeşme
1594:1881 Chios
1568:1879 Gansu
1462:1868 Arica
1412:1863 Jujuy
1341:1855 Bursa
1326:1854 Tōkai
1270:1844 Salta
1235:1840 Ahora
1138:1828 Sanjō
1133:1825 Blida
1047:1810 Crete
895:2012 Zohan
870:2008 Qeshm
860:2005 Qeshm
835:1997 Qayen
815:1981 Sirch
800:1978 Tabas
755:1953 Torud
689:1840 Ahora
637:Historical
342:References
307:Yusef Khan
235:Earthquake
229:shear zone
225:subduction
142:Casualties
117:37.4; 58.4
71:1872-01-06
56:1871-12-23
1533:1872 Amik
1513:1871 Orán
1442:1867 Java
1255:1843 Nias
1189:1834 Java
1082:1815 Bali
935:2020 Khoy
465:: 68–87.
421:130128137
299:Khabushan
295:Jafarabad
198:Kopet Dag
91:Epicenter
79:Magnitude
1346:1855 Edo
1219:1839 Ava
845:2003 Bam
780:1972 Qir
568:: 1–28.
463:Elsevier
325:See also
249:Tertiary
245:Mesozoic
467:Bibcode
399:Bibcode
319:Marshad
311:Shirvan
303:Chalata
291:Esfejir
266:Bojnurd
257:sutured
103:58°24′E
100:37°24′N
69: (
54: (
718:Modern
528:
419:
315:Tehran
284:Impact
208:. The
194:Alborz
190:Zagros
176:area.
174:Quchan
64:
1785:Assam
1683:1890s
1577:1880s
1491:1870s
1390:1860s
1289:1850s
1228:1840s
1152:1830s
1116:1820s
1040:1810s
1004:1800s
417:S2CID
526:ISBN
317:and
196:and
151:The
136:Iran
570:doi
566:278
518:doi
483:hdl
475:doi
407:doi
395:166
247:to
1842::
524:.
514:17
512:.
508:.
481:.
473:.
461:.
459:57
457:.
453:.
441:^
415:.
405:.
393:.
389:.
375:^
367:74
365:.
350:^
321:.
192:,
134:,
989:e
982:t
975:v
622:e
615:t
608:v
576:.
572::
534:.
520::
491:.
485::
477::
469::
436:.
423:.
409::
401::
278:w
170:w
164:w
162:M
84:w
82:M
73:)
58:)
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