779:
856:, Tomás, recklessly, fled through the streets of Lima, with his face covered and wearing a civilian hat, shouting "Viva Pardo" with the intention of going unnoticed. To his bad luck, he ran into a group of officers who recognized him immediately. Upon being arrested, he claimed that he had been incited to rebel by prominent politicians and military men, who abandoned him and claimed to know nothing of the assassination of President Balta. They advanced a few blocks, while they were followed by a mob that shouted threats, and when they reached the
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863:, the soldiers who arrested him could not protect him any further and hid him in a pharmacy, immediately closing the doors. The crowd broke through the doors and searched for Tomás, whom they found hiding in a tub. He was then shot dead, and his body taken out to the street. There, the corpse was undressed and shot, as well as slashed across the chest by an unknown man, who was alleged to have said, alluding to the
680:
762:. On the night of July 24, desertions increased, with the soldiers handing their rifles to the locals. On the night of the 25th, people started cheering Pardo and shouting death chants against the Gutiérrez brothers. Gutiérrez and Casós issued a decree creating a special jury, claiming that subversive actions had been taking place against Gutiérrez's army, such as the issuing of false
40:
169:
160:
742:. He obtained Gutiérrez's guarantee that he would handle all political aspects of the government, while Gutiérrez would oversee all military affairs. He also obtained his guarantee that the city's legations, then filled with refugees, would be respected. Casós summoned the city's bank managers requesting funds that later disappeared.
1043:
Felipe José Pereira Leal for eight days, and thus managed to save himself from being lynched. Marcelino coordinated with his wife, with her reaching Callao first, and him travelling accompanied by a friendly colonel. An assistant of the prefecture detained him, directing him to then
Prefect, Colonel
821:
It is alleged that in retaliation, Marceliano Gutiérrez, who was guarding Balta in the San
Francisco barracks, ordered the assassination of the imprisoned president, although such an assertion has not been proven. Nonetheless, Balta was riddled with bullets by three riflemen in the early afternoon,
560:
taking office on
December 7, 1871. This appointment did not get Arenas' blessing, and its reception by the Civilista Party's press was that of alarm. Since Balta's presidency was the result of his revolt, and since the Gutiérrez brothers had provided his government with stability thus far, it was
589:
On the morning of July 22, 1872, Balta met with Tomás Gutiérrez and definitively refused any subversive action in what was described as a "stormy scene." According to some witnesses, his brother
Silvestre acted on his mood, urging him to proceed with the coup as the Congress was on the eve of
896:
the following day, naked and covered with wounds, at a height of more than 20 meters; a spectacle never before seen in the capital. Hours later the ropes that supported them were broken, the bodies falling to the ground, which crashed against the sidewalk. The remains were burned in a
381:
distinguished himself by being even more of an athlete, more brusque and more ignorant, with a defect in his right eye, for which he was called the "one-eyed," and with a very powerful voice and an imposing presentation, which attracted the public on the days of troop maneuvering.
445:
Silvestre and
Marceliano were not as well known, with the former being remembered for his important role in Balta's revolt in the north that put him in power, being wounded in action in Chiclayo. The aforementioned brothers were put on trial for the crime of
829:, where his brother, Colonel Marcelino Gutiérrez, was staying. There he suffered the siege of the population. The two brothers then decided to leave the barracks at night, amidst rifle and cannon fire. Meanwhile, the other brother, Marceliano, went to
623:(also called the San Francisco de Asís barracks), and his brother Pedro, married to one of the Gutiérrez sisters, expressed his disbelief when he learned that the president was not involved in the coup. Meanwhile, Tomás asked for the support of the
647:
prepared a statement condemning the events, and was later interrupted in the evening by Major José Luis
Elcorrobarrutia. Rufino Echenique, president of the Senate, told his colleagues where and when to meet clandestinely to continue debating.
320:
was to take office as the country's first civilian president. The coup was initially successful, although a violent crowd headed by brothers
Baltazar and José La Torre ultimately murdered three of the Gutiérrez brothers.
948:, in addition to the aforementioned, the windows and doors of Tomás's house were removed, and water was poured into the building to turn it into a barren terrain. Tomás's wife was hidden at her mother's house, in the
1062:
The four-day regime of Tomás Gutiérrez did not halt the increasing control of civilians in the
Peruvian government. Just one week after Gutiérrez's overthrow, Pardo assumed the presidency and his party, the
928:), was looted and reduced to rubble in both the inside and outside. Another building—a home and a bakery—belonging to Marceliano also suffered the same fate, this one located at the corner of
530:
and Manuel Amunátegui, imprisoned. The former was imprisoned in one of the barracks under one of the Gutiérrez brothers, who threatened him with death. Amunátegui was also threatened with an
651:
Meanwhile, another detachment unsuccessfully searched Pardo's home to detain him, as he had been warned of the events. He left the next day for the nearby southern coast, where, aboard a
500:
Both the elections and Balta's ending government were a turbulent period, as controversies arose, and Balta had repressed any opposition to his government, with the pro-Pardo newspapers
909:, next to Government Palace, in the path towards the train station) that was destroyed by the crowd, and in the afternoon a third corpse was thrown into the fire, that of Marceliano.
968:(fifth block of the Jirón de la Unión) was also attacked, with some claiming Tomás was inside. The house that was looted, number 69, later housed the headquarters of the newspaper
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1070:
An
Argentine diplomat in the city claimed that three quarters of the city's population took part in the violent events that ended the brothers' lives, with total impunity.
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1171:
568:
According to the confessions of Manuel Santa María to
Echenique while the two took refuge in the same legation during the coup, Balta initially supported the
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636:
620:
1047:
Captured days later, he served prison for some time and was released by an amnesty law; he then moved back to his hometown and in 1879 participated in
1032:" (Revolution in Lima), which served as an extremely important reference for documentation of the event as it was published shortly after the revolt.
723:
issued a statement which made it clear that they would not support the new regime. This statement was signed by notable figures, such as Miguel Grau.
1039:, described as the most peaceful of the brothers, who took refuge in a friendly house for either two or three days, later moving to the home of the
992:
made his entrance into the capital and assumed the presidency of the country on August 2, 1872. He then made a speech that began with the words:
450:
against Colonel Juan Manuel Garrido and watchman Luis Montejo, respectively. The former's trial caused a public scandal, being represented by
1348:
1323:
1155:
1044:
Javier de Osma, with his wife later joining him alongside the aforementioned assistant. He was prohibited from boarding a ship and detained.
1040:
1191:
1141:(2014). "10. La victoria del Partido Civil en las elecciones de 1872. ¿Quiénes asesinaron a los Gutiérrez y profanaron sus cadáveres?".
849:), and that the shot came from one of his own men. At 5:15 in the afternoon, part of the Gutiérrez army surrendered in the barracks.
778:
601:
and arrested President Balta in the presence of his wife and daughter Daría, who was to be married that afternoon. Meanwhile at the
627:
and accused Balta of being unfit for the presidency, while refusing to cede the office to a criminal, alluding to Balta's trial in
1142:
1421:
667:
493:. Echenique, in consideration of the public's disapproval, declined Balta's nomination, with Balta instead supporting jurist
386:, thinner and whiter, with curly hair, had more intelligence and enlightenment, but he believed him to be hard and sinister.
826:
852:
The mob took over the Government Palace at 5:30 in the afternoon. While Marcelino took refuge in a friendly house at
547:
402:
Of the brothers, Tomás had been the most distinguished: his signature appeared on both the document that started the
972:; Marceliano's home and bakery later was rebuilt with the numbers of 185 and 199. Marcelino's home, located at the
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538:
403:
305:
1079:
989:
889:
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482:
313:
90:
703:, paid no attention to the revolt. Telegrams accepting the new order reached the capital from provinces such as
957:
825:
Seeing that the atmosphere had turned against him, Tomás Gutiérrez left the Government Palace and moved to the
598:
525:
462:
418:
gave him some renown as a sagacious man, complementing the great notoriety he had as a brave and good soldier.
264:
822:
while he was resting in his bed after having lunch, and the news of his death quickly spread throughout Lima.
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had, by this point, abandoned their offices. The Civilista Party was accused of wasting their money and
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734:, which he accepted. Casós later claimed that he opposed the coup and accepted the office to avoid an
458:
ruled against him, he was separated from his battalion, to which he returned shortly before the coup.
838:
841:, he was fatally shot in the stomach. It is said that his last words were "another brave man dies" (
1396:"Dante Trujillo: "no debemos quedarnos con una sola versión de la historia, sino problematizarla""
507:
377:
was corpulent and had a reputation for being abrupt, impetuous, haughty, ignorant and determined;
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newspapers remained closed on this date, stores were half-closed, and some newspapers, such as
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888:. Hours later he was joined by the corpse of his brother Silvestre, brought from the nearby
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1187:¿Sabías que el presidente José Balta fue asesinado días antes del cambio de mando en 1872?
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shortly after, as Grau's ship kept sailing south in order to form a resistance movement.
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People of Lima! What you've done is a terrible act, but nevertheless an act of justice.
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located at the center of the square, made from wood taken from Silvestre's bakery on
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1233:(in Spanish). Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Lima: Editorial Milla Batres. p. 189.
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concluding their qualifying tasks, and Pardo's presidency would begin on August 2.
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447:
953:
882:
He was immediately dragged into the plaza and hung from a lantern in front of the
806:
got into an verbal altercation with a pro-Balta crowd, firing at them once with a
679:
477:, sought to continue the military's presence in the government, proposing General
1380:"Perú, Arequipa, Registro Civil, 1860-1976", database with images, FamilySearch (
1365:
1309:
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as its director, published a complete chronicle of this revolt under the title "
656:
537:
These controversial events caused the consecutive resignation of two of Balta's
39:
1400:
1185:
833:
to stop a revolt. During the events, while attempting to light a high-caliber
810:
and wounding protestor Jaime Pacheco, who in turn shot him in the left arm. A
465:, who exaggeratedly considered Pardo's presidency a disaster to their duties.
351:
461:
In 1872, 7,000 well-armed men were at the command of the Gutiérrez brothers'
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751:
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and incitements to violence. On July 25, Silvestre quelled a rebellion in
1052:
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807:
415:
411:
366:, with Tomás distinguishing himself above the others. Peruvian historian
1195:
1035:
The only one of the Gutiérrez brothers who managed to save himself was
1014:
912:
The brothers' houses were also affected. Tomás's house, located at the
898:
815:
616:
1067:, would be a dominant force in Peruvian politics for decades to come.
635:
company. Only some politicians (such as Fernando Casós, who served as
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in 1872, with a pro-Gutiérrez poster to the right of its entrance.
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632:
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Silvestre was fatally shot at this train station, now demolished.
572:
plan. However, after seeking advice from friends of his, such as
117:
65:
390:, on the other hand, was distinguished by a peaceful character.
818:
Francisco Verdejo fatally shooting Gutiérrez in the head.
593:
At 2 p.m., Silvestre, at the head of two companies of the
1215:(in Spanish). Vol. 2. Librería Studium. p. 113.
430:, gave him the highest military position and proposed to
406:
and the constitution of that year. The commissions that
892:. Both bodies were then hanged from the towers of the
1370:(in Spanish). Impr. Torres Aguirre. pp. 367–368.
1246:"The Lima's neighborhood in the decades of 1920-1940"
434:
his promotion to general, thus ratifying the acts of
87:
Three of the Gutiérrez brothers are ultimately killed
1231:
Historia General del Perú. La República (1844-1879)
350:—were four brothers who were originally from the
1382:https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:2C49-RP4
1367:Los generales Díez-Canseco: episodios históricos
519:being shut down and their respective directors,
308:, and his three brothers against then president
1289:La revolución de los Gutierrez en julio de 1872
994:
372:
32:
442:. However, the respective law was not issued.
44:A mob carries the body of Marceliano Gutiérrez
1384: : 3 March 2021), Marcelino Gutierres, .
8:
719:, signed by local military authorities. The
1292:(in Spanish). Imp. C. Ruiz. pp. 40–42.
1051:, rehabilitating himself. He later died in
726:In the afternoon, Tomás Gutiérrez summoned
84:is overthrown and later executed on July 26
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1170:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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611:battalion—proclaimed his brother Tomás as
561:widely believed that Balta would launch a
29:
1394:Vadillo Vila, José Antonio (2023-02-26).
1343:. Peru: Espacio Tiempo. pp. 45–175.
1261:
1192:Archivo General de la Nación del Perú AGN
1113:
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481:for the 1872 elections against civilian
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1150:. Vol. 7. Peru. pp. 106–121.
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534:if he decided to reopen his newspaper.
1163:
867:: "You want a sash? Take your sash."
7:
1427:1870s coups d'état and coup attempts
1341:El Valle de Majes: Origen e Historia
1311:Una historia breve, extraña y brutal
964:belonging to a Mr. Leveratto in the
576:, he changed his mind on the issue.
497:, who was not popular with voters.
473:Balta, then in his final months as
294:Rebelión de los coroneles Gutiérrez
770:, returning to Lima in the night.
25:
1144:Historia de la República del Perú
940:(first block of Marañón, between
790:Balta is fatally shot in his bed.
1339:Del Carpio Medina, Juan (2019).
1244:Zanutelli Rosas, Manuel (2017).
988:A day after the violent events,
874:Tomás Gutiérrez and his brother
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38:
1209:Tamayo Vargas, Augusto (1976).
1139:Basadre Grohmann, Jorge Alfredo
643:agreed to support him. and The
607:, Marceliano—in command of the
1364:Díez Canseco, Ernesto (1950).
916:(currently the third block of
730:and offered him the office of
18:1872 Peruvian coup d'état
1:
794:On July 26, while taking the
613:Supreme Chief of the Republic
489:, supported by a majority of
286:Gutiérrez Brothers' rebellion
93:becomes president on August 2
33:Gutiérrez Brothers' rebellion
944:and Chiclayo. According to
370:describes them as follows:
265:Battalion "Pichincha" No. 2
1448:
454:. When in August 1871 the
404:Peruvian Civil War of 1867
269:Battalion "Ayacucho" No. 4
1194:. 2024-01-15 – via
1080:Manuel Pardo (politician)
814:thus began, resulting in
619:. Balta was moved to the
532:execution by firing squad
278:1872 Peruvian coup d'état
261:Crowds of armed civilians
246:
133:
103:
48:
37:
1308:Trujillo, Dante (2022).
1286:Silva, Faustino (1927).
800:San Juan de Dios Station
267:Battalion "Zepita" No. 3
27:1872 coup d'état in Peru
1019:Héctor Florencio Varela
1005:The weekly publication
827:Santa Catalina barracks
597:battalion, entered the
334:The Gutiérrez brothers—
282:Peruvian historiography
1422:Military coups in Peru
1263:10.20453/ah.v59i0.3043
1190:(Video) (in Spanish).
998:
980:, was left untouched.
879:
846:
791:
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665:. He was moved to the
655:, he was picked up by
621:San Francisco barracks
521:Andrés Aramburú Sarrio
400:
330:The Gutiérrez brothers
293:
134:Commanders and leaders
930:Calle de las Campanas
890:Church of the Orphans
873:
789:
781:
740:military dictatorship
728:Fernando Casós Flores
682:
639:) and members of the
479:José Rufino Echenique
452:Fernando Casós Flores
1227:Vargas Ugarte, Rubén
885:Portal de Escribanos
839:Real Felipe Fortress
750:On these dates some
543:Juan Francisco Balta
410:gave him in 1868 in
222:Marceliano Gutiérrez
936:streets, under the
918:Huancavelica street
847:Muere otro valiente
617:General of the Army
362:and had joined the
241:Marcelino Gutiérrez
203:Silvestre Gutiérrez
77:Government victory
1212:Literatura peruana
1049:War of the Pacific
1041:Brazilian minister
1030:Revolución de Lima
950:Calle de la Concha
880:
792:
784:
689:
469:The 1872 elections
436:Juan Antonio Pezet
408:Pedro Diez Canseco
300:headed by General
129:Gutiérrez brothers
118:Government of Peru
1350:978-612-47797-8-7
1325:978-612-5020-47-5
1157:978-612-306-353-5
958:Municipal Theatre
894:Cathedral of Lima
865:presidential sash
854:Mariquitas street
732:Secretary General
637:Secretary General
615:, in the rank of
599:Government Palace
475:president of Peru
424:Inspector General
356:Castilla Province
312:, shortly before
274:
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164:Baltazar La Torre
99:
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16:(Redirected from
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56:22–26 July 1872
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1314:(in Spanish).
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1017:journalist
976:street, in
946:El Nacional
905:(currently
738:and strict
697:La Sociedad
659:aboard the
657:Miguel Grau
570:coup d'état
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516:El Comercio
506: [
503:El Nacional
298:coup d'état
280:, known in
1416:Categories
1401:El Peruano
1086:References
920:, between
752:desertions
420:José Balta
379:Marceliano
352:Huancarqui
344:Marceliano
325:Background
310:José Balta
147:José Balta
82:José Balta
1316:Alfaguara
1166:cite book
1059:in 1904.
1037:Marcelino
1015:Uruguayan
1001:Aftermath
954:Jirón Ica
876:Silvestre
859:La Merced
804:Silvestre
701:La Patria
595:Pichincha
563:self-coup
388:Marcelino
384:Silvestre
348:Marcelino
340:Silvestre
296:), was a
1229:(1984).
1074:See also
1053:Arequipa
942:Trujillo
926:Cailloma
907:Carabaya
812:shootout
808:revolver
709:Trujillo
693:Pardista
645:Congress
491:Congress
432:Congress
416:Huancayo
412:Chiclayo
393:—
364:military
360:Arequipa
354:area of
61:Location
1196:YouTube
984:July 27
922:Torrico
899:bonfire
843:Spanish
837:in the
816:Captain
774:July 26
764:cheques
760:alcohol
717:Chincha
675:July 23
662:Huáscar
631:with a
585:July 22
485:of the
426:of the
316:of the
304:, then
290:Spanish
284:as the
228:†
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190:†
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861:square
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831:Callao
768:Callao
629:London
609:Zepita
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1026:]
1013:with
1011:Paris
934:Breña
705:Piura
633:Guano
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375:Tomás
336:Tomás
1345:ISBN
1320:ISBN
1172:link
1152:ISBN
932:and
924:and
796:tram
721:Navy
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580:Coup
552:and
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66:Lima
53:Date
1258:doi
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