240:
expired so the mine was not in operation, but the men were removing rails and other mine equipment for use elsewhere. The colliery had two tunnels, and the flood waters had already reached the works. Thomas Wright, despite his father's advice against going down into the mine, arranged for seven men to go into the main tunnel and three men to go into the minor tunnel. Without warning, the roof collapsed over part of the main tunnel with air forced out of the mine in a great rush hurling wagons out of the way and trapping all seven men who entered the main tunnel. The men signaled the engine driver on the surface to pull them out but the collapse was major enough to prevent rescue. In minutes water had flooded the works and those not killed in the collapse would have drowned.
320:
49:
19:
380:
30:
304:(Dalgangel Station) was Somerset's most talented horseman, and he was selected to undertake this dangerous mission. Somerset and his men had to arrange for a dangerous crossing of the already flooded Brisbane River, with Mateer sent on with the only surviving horse (called Lunatic). Mateer survived the hazardous journey to North Pine, and delivered Somerset's message, which was again sadly ignored.
41:
338:(the normal water supply capacity is 380,000 megalitres, but the dam can hold another 524,000 megalitres of extra flood capacity). The site was first suggested for the location of a dam by Henry Somerset, after the 1893 floods, and he championed its construction when he was elected to parliament in 1904, where he served for 16 years as the
259:" on the cliffs above the river, where he lived with his wife, Katherine Rose Somerset (1855–1935). Caboonbah meant "big rock" in the local indigenous language, and it was built 60 feet (18 metres) higher than the rock cliff (Weldon's Knob) which was the location of the previous highest flood mark, from the 1890 flood.
80:
burst its banks on three occasions in
February 1893. It was the occurrence of three major floods in the same month that saw the period named "Black February". There was also a fourth flood later in the same year in June. The river runs through the centre of Brisbane with much of the population living
192:
were destroyed. The
Victoria Bridge, which was an iron bridge with a turning span to allow traffic to go upriver, was partially destroyed on Monday 6 February, when the northern half of the bridge was washed away. It was not replaced until 1897. In the meantime, ferries were used to transport people
283:
and other areas were in danger. The inhabitants of
Brisbane were not worried however due to the fine weather, as the days of heavy rain having ended, all threat of floods seemed to have disappeared. The Brisbane General Post Office only posted the warning on a single noticeboard, and it went almost
239:
of the
Brisbane River. The seven miners killed included Thomas Wright (Mine Manager) and George Wright who were both sons of the owner. The other five miners were Andrew Smart, Patrick McQuade, John McQuade (son of Patrick), Charles Walker, and Mathew Cuthbertson. The lease over the mine was nearly
360:
Floods occur naturally, but now they had become a serious threat to people in this area. The clearing and developing of the land close to the water's edge essentially caused an increase in height and velocity of the rising water, and of the resulting damage. European thinking was the basis for the
291:
to drench the already saturated
Brisbane River catchment. Somerset observed that the Brisbane River was flooded in similar levels to the first flood of the Stanley River. He knew that the telegraph lines were down between Esk and Brisbane, but he knew that there was a telegraph office at the small
88:
The second cyclone struck on 11 February, causing relatively minor flooding compared to the first flood. When the third cyclone came on 19 February, it was almost as devastating as the first, and it left up to one third of
Brisbane's residents homeless. This time however the flood in the Brisbane
262:
In early
February, after the heavy rains caused by Tropical Cyclone Buninyong, the weather had finally broken, and to his surprise, Somerset saw from his porch a great wall of water come down the Stanley River. This was especially concerning to Somerset, as the heavy rains caused by a tropical
307:
Whilst the warnings went unheeded, as a result of these heroic efforts, Caboonbah
Station was made an official flood warning station, with a telegraph line to Esk. Somerset initially manned the station in its early years, having to use morse code for 12 years prior to the introduction of the
248:
The
Indigenous people used to build their camps on higher ground along the rivers, aware of the dangers of floods. They had warned the free settlers of the potential threat of floods, but their advice was ignored and settlements were built closer to the banks of the rivers.
263:
cyclone
Buninyong (informally named after the ship that first sighted it) had already caused the Stanley River to exceed the 1890 flood level. Somerset, realizing that people downriver where in great danger sent one of his workers, Henry (Harry) Winwood to
111:
The 1893 floods were preceded by two notable yet less severe floods in 1887 and 1890. Both were caused by high levels of summer rainfall; however the rainfall around this period (with the exception of the two summers) was described as "very low".
104:(now the City gauge) as being 8.35 metres (27 feet, 5 inches) above the low tide level. The February 1893 floods were the second and third highest water levels ever recorded at the City gauge, the highest being the
911:
361:
belief that engineering a dam could tame a river system. By 1959, it was believed that the Brisbane River system was regulated. By the 1970s, the social memory of the 1893 floods had all but vanished.
203:
The great advances in technology associated with photography meant that there were many photos taken of the floods, some of which still exist today. A local businessman who would later become Premier,
169:
4 million (1893 figures), although no official figures exist. The southern regions of the city were most affected by the flood. The most flooded suburb of what was to become the
739:
930:
870:
1154:
342:. Construction of the dam was not started until 1933, and it was finally finished in 1953. It was seen as a major job creation project when it commenced in the
393:
311:
In modern times, Caboonbah Homestead was restored and used as a museum. However, on Monday 11 May 2009, the homestead caught fire and burnt to the ground.
339:
100:
recorded an all-time Australian record of 907 millimetres (35.7 in) of rain in a 24-hour period. The water surge was recorded on the Port Office
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was Mayor of Brisbane Municipal Council, which contained the City Centre, and was the most important of the local government authorities.
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Brisbane in 1891 had a population of 84,000 people. The area was under the jurisdiction of several local governments (the present
1202:
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255:(1852–1936), was a landowner in the area where the Stanley River and the Upper Brisbane River meet. He built a homestead called "
1273:
1364:
25:, one of the major roads in Brisbane, after the 1893 floods. Residents are seen rowing boats to move about due to the flooding.
1374:
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The same day that the notice of Billy Mateer's death appeared in the newspaper, there was also a major announcement that the
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during the Black February period, although in March 1893 (shortly after the floods) he resigned in order to join the
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33:
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had approved the construction of Somerset Dam. The site had been identified in 1933, by the Bureau of Industry.
215:
The flooding was responsible for around 35 deaths. The floods also forced the hospitalisation of 190 residents.
1212:
185:
97:
818:
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1080:
Trigonometrical survey of Queensland : illustrating extent of major triangulation to 31 December 1893
846:
22:
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768:
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124:, and by 1842 opened to free settlement. Queensland became a self-governing colony in 1859.
82:
81:
in areas beside the river. It first flooded on February 6 due to a deluge associated with a
207:
had a photo album (a very expensive item at the time) of the floods, which survives today.
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Brisbane was established in 1825 as a convict settlement as part of the British colony of
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River was largely from waters from the upper reaches of Brisbane River, rather than the
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77:
447:
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331:
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29:
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204:
101:
867:"Flood warning system for the Brisbane River below Wivenhoe Dam to Brisbane City"
641:
1049:(With Map and Diagrams.) in Instit. civ. eng. Min. of proc. 136: 268–281. 1899.
1030:
1047:
Floods in the Brisbane river, and system of predicting their heights and times
375:
73:
288:
236:
40:
845:. Institution of Engineers, Australia (Queensland Division). Archived from
947:. Melbourne, Australia: Commonwealth Meteorology Bureau. pp. 55 pp.
579:
224:
69:
1103:
919:. Canberra, Australia: Emergency Management Australia. pp. 17–23.
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293:
318:
287:
On 17 February, another cyclone crossed the Queensland coast near
47:
39:
28:
17:
177:. However it only housed a small village and farms at that time.
267:
to send a telegraph to warn them. The telegraph sent warned the
1136:
1027:"Cyclones to have impacted on Queensland, Australia from 1864"
165:
The total damage caused by the flooding has been estimated at
437:
Deluge: the true story of the Great Brisbane Flood of 1893.
223:
Seven of the victims were workers at John Wright's Eclipse
193:
and goods across the busy river. This, however, led to the
1105:
Deluge: the true story of the Great Brisbane Flood of 1893
890:. Victoria, Australia: The Five Mile Press. p. 320.
643:
A River with a City Problem: A History of Brisbane Floods
1112:
Destruction of the Victoria Bridge: 1893 Brisbane Flood
1094:, ABC Madonna King and SLQ Brian Randall, 10 March 2006
1010:. Sydney, Australia: Reed New Holland. pp. 25–30.
689:
687:
1114:- John Oxley Library Blog, State Library of Queensland
1088:- John Oxley Library Blog, State Library of Queensland
200:
disaster in 1896 with the loss of more than 40 lives.
819:"Known floods in the Brisbane and Bremer river basin"
480:. Brisbane City Council Publication. pp. 78–79.
146:
was formed, at which time Queensland became a State.
1082:, printed and published at Surveyor-General's Office
987:"Brief History of Brisbane City in the 19th Century"
44:
Map from the Irrigation and Water Supply Commission.
1241:
1170:
944:
Results of Rainfall Observations made in Queensland
672:
History: Billy Mateer - the man who raced the flood
635:
633:
618:. Queensland Flood Views. University of Queensland.
231:which was flooded on Saturday 4 February by the
180:Both of the bridges that crossed the river, the
142:then became Premier of Queensland. In 1901 the
1148:
244:Early warning signs of the 1st and 3rd floods
153:being formed by their amalgamation in 1925).
8:
394:List of disasters in Australia by death toll
296:), although this would require crossing the
1127:Photograph album of the Brisbane flood 1893
586:. Centre for the Government of Queensland.
1155:
1141:
1133:
1076:Trigonometrical Survey of Queensland, 1893
450:. Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 2019.
334:is a 904,000 megalitre dam located on the
667:
665:
108:at 8.43 metres (27 feet, 8 inches).
433:
431:
429:
427:
910:Emergency Management Australia (2003).
556:
554:
471:
469:
405:
865:Bureau of Meteorology (January 2005).
840:"Engineering Heritage: Inner Brisbane"
695:"Stockman Billy Mateer saves the day!"
590:from the original on 30 September 2012
548:Courier Mail, Saturday 13 January 1951
1100:, ABC, Brian Randall, 18 October 2006
913:Hazards, disasters and your community
873:from the original on 8 September 2007
7:
1118:Queensland 1890 flood oral histories
1061:Flood Fire Famine Virtual Exhibition
476:McBride, Frank; et al. (2009).
93:. The 1893 floods caused 35 deaths.
989:. Our Indooroopilly. Archived from
951:from the original on 27 August 2006
730:"Fire destroys Caboonbah Homestead"
709:from the original on 21 August 2020
776:from the original on 18 March 2012
742:from the original on 18 April 2012
646:. University of Queensland Press.
454:from the original on 13 March 2014
448:"Rainfall and Temperature Records"
350:when its workers were redeployed.
60:, occasionally referred to as the
14:
888:Natural Disasters And How We Cope
825:from the original on 20 July 2012
364:This memory was refreshed by the
1203:1950 Australian rainfall records
650:from the original on 19 May 2024
530:from the original on 14 May 2021
378:
1355:19th-century floods in Oceania
1092:Local History - South Brisbane
1045:Williams, Cyrus John Richard.
817:Baddiley, Peter (April 2001).
795:A Second Look at Lake Somerset
1:
1129:, State Library of Queensland
1072:, Queensland Historical Atlas
1008:Australia's Natural Disasters
869:. Commonwealth of Australia.
728:Earley, David (11 May 2009).
500:Bureau of Meteorology (n.d.).
300:. William (Billy) Mateer, of
1319:2022 south eastern Australia
941:Hunt, Henry Ambrose (1914).
764:"Hopes to rebuild Caboonbah"
762:Foley, Peter (14 May 2009).
292:township of North Pine (now
269:Brisbane General Post Office
1385:1893 disasters in Australia
1345:Weather events in Australia
1122:State Library of Queensland
985:Thompson Computing (2002).
703:State Library of Queensland
136:Supreme Court of Queensland
1401:
1070:1893 flood, Brisbane River
1006:Whitaker, Richard (2005).
886:Coenraads, Robert (2006).
509:Thompson Computing (2002).
253:Henry Plantagenet Somerset
219:Ipswich Coal Mine disaster
1065:Queensland State Archives
821:. Bureau of Meteorology.
677:28 September 2011 at the
614:27 September 2011 at the
144:Commonwealth of Australia
1380:19th century in Brisbane
1324:2023 northern Queensland
966:"Brisbane and its River"
1264:September 2010 Victoria
699:John Oxley Library blog
640:Cook, Margaret (2019).
1365:1893 natural disasters
1309:2022 eastern Australia
1304:2021 eastern Australia
1294:2018 Western Australia
1289:2013 eastern Australia
1183:1900 Western Australia
1098:Brisbane River History
800:21 August 2011 at the
520:"Queensland's History"
412:Coenraads (2006), 320.
328:
85:, called "Buninyong".
68:, occurred in 1893 in
53:
45:
37:
36:during the 1893 flood.
26:
1375:Disasters in Brisbane
1370:Brisbane River floods
1188:1909 Western Victoria
804:. Sweetwater Fishing.
355:Queensland Government
346:, but was delayed by
322:
284:completely unheeded.
195:capsize of the ferry
132:Premier of Queensland
96:For the first flood,
51:
43:
32:
21:
1314:2022 New South Wales
1249:2007 New South Wales
993:on 27 September 2007
972:on 29 September 2007
964:Kenny, Jill (n.d.).
560:Whitaker (2005), 30.
524:Queensland Australia
478:Brisbane 150 Stories
66:Black February flood
1350:History of Brisbane
1269:2010 Gascoyne River
1259:March 2010 Victoria
1164:Floods in Australia
1086:1893 Brisbane Flood
1025:Windworker (n.d.).
838:Brown, Kay (2001).
366:1974 Brisbane flood
62:Great Flood of 1893
58:1893 Brisbane flood
1274:2010–11 Queensland
1208:1955 Hunter Valley
340:Member for Stanley
329:
116:Historical context
106:January 1841 flood
54:
46:
38:
27:
1332:
1331:
1213:1956 Murray River
936:on 18 March 2009.
584:Queensland Places
487:978-1-876091-60-6
421:Windworker (n.d.)
386:Queensland portal
140:Thomas McIlwraith
76:, Australia. The
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1038:
1033:on 29 April 2006
1029:. Archived from
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323:Construction of
315:Mitigation works
171:City of Brisbane
151:City of Brisbane
83:tropical cyclone
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308:telephone.
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1339:Categories
534:31 January
400:References
211:Casualties
74:Queensland
1242:Post-2000
580:"Rocklea"
289:Bundaberg
257:Caboonbah
237:tributary
227:in north
1171:Pre-2000
949:Archived
871:Archived
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798:Archived
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774:Archived
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648:Archived
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452:Archived
372:See also
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225:colliery
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