683:. Upon examination of the event, tsunami experts declared that while the Rodgers Creek Fault is primarily strike-slip, some vertical movement is possible, which is associated with tsunami generation. A five-point scale (0â4) was used to certify whether a tsunami event was legitimate. With 0 intended for "not a valid tsunami report" and 4 being "certainly a valid report", a score of 2 was assigned to the event, meaning that it was "possibly a valid report" based on insufficient information, nonexpert observations, and unclear descriptions.
32:
81:
39:
67:
53:
650:
stated that while the aftershocks were heaviest near Tubbs Island, they were more frequent near
Lakeville at the Petaluma marshes, and this was interpreted as the alluvium under the island suppressing the lighter shocks. Analysis of the severity, location, and frequency of the aftershocks bolstered
627:
that were severely affected included
Schellville, Greenwood Estate, and near Petaluma Creek. The effects were less severe in San Francisco, but one building partially collapsed, a girls high school suffered damage valued at several thousand dollars, and soil conditions contributed to damage at the
486:
and found that the heavy effects on Mare Island were the result of weak or deficient buildings. Comparing the intensity distribution of the two shocks revealed that it was indeed severe on Mare Island as it was likely close to the rupture, which may have involved both strands of the
Franklin Fault
578:
presents an updated isoseismal map that focuses on the near field rather than an extended perspective, with slightly more conservative maximum intensities, and locations that are clearly labeled with specific intensities. The innermost isoseismal shows only one location that is an exception to
295:. While relatively strong effects there were attributed to vulnerable buildings, moderate effects elsewhere in the San Francisco Bay Area consisted of damaged or partially collapsed structures, and there were media reports of a small tsunami and mostly mild aftershocks that followed.
298:
The mechanism of the shock is unknown, but several independent investigations focused on different aspects to gain a better understanding of the intensity, magnitude, source fault, and epicenter of this pre-instrumental event. Most investigators placed it under or to the north of
471:, and northern Green Valley faults as the next most likely. Media reports of a small non-destructive tsunami led Parsons et al. 2003 to conclude that a normal fault (rather than a strike-slip fault) may have been responsible for the shock. Another viewpoint from
451:
covered a larger area than that of the 1898 event. The isoseismals for intensity V, VII, and VIII were also compared for additional calibration, and 6.7 was presented as the magnitude of the event, which was presumed to have occurred on the southern
353:, and in the area near San Francisco Bay, the extent of the various fault strands are limited to about 80 kilometers (50 mi) wide from east to west. This system of faults terminates in the north at the
2636:
599:, and San Francisco. As opposed to showing a specific epicenter, the newer, enhanced map shows that it may have been anywhere within a broad swath centered on the southern Rodgers Creek Fault.
636:
Bay Area newspapers reported on aftershocks that were felt in a number of locations. These shocks were only reported at locations that were within the intensity VII or higher isoseismals. The
2327:
1906:
463:
Bakun 1999 also analyzed intensity details to resolve for magnitude and location, resulting in M6.3 and a location at the northeast end of San Pablo Bay. A technique called
1046:
856:
760:
3119:
2320:
479:
showed that its most recent event had a maximum slip of 2 m (6 ft 7 in) and that the 1898 event was too small to result in that much displacement.
3078:
386:
615:, where several buildings suffered partial or total collapse and some equipment was damaged. Other strong effects occurred at Vallejo and to the southeast in
467:
used by Wesson, Bakun, & Perkins 2003 showed that the northern
Hayward Fault was the most likely source, with the Rodgers Creek, southern Green Valley,
402:
394:
2656:
1505:
31:
2313:
2336:
732:
1899:
1702:
2465:
2046:
1758:
491:
and
Rodgers Creek Faults). Although surface rupturing events have been documented on the HaywardâRodgers Creek Fault System just to the west, no
1039:
304:
829:
2606:
2380:
1863:
1115:
2997:
2781:
2385:
2148:
1931:
1155:
1125:
3109:
3017:
2766:
2621:
2136:
2100:
1892:
1707:
919:
887:
847:
312:
2641:
2410:
1915:
1495:
1032:
692:
227:
1303:
319:
fault may have been responsible. Several more recent studies gave alternate perspectives that named specific faults as the origin.
2962:
2776:
2686:
2611:
2521:
2506:
2350:
2257:
2106:
2064:
1973:
1712:
756:
644:
there were four strong aftershocks and more than twenty lighter shocks (that at most just rattled windows) later that night. The
608:
110:
1222:
3068:
2927:
2806:
2771:
2731:
2526:
2142:
2118:
2015:
1997:
1647:
1632:
1006:
982:
879:
435:
from the event to those of earthquakes that occurred during the instrumental period to resolve the magnitude. The intensity VI
1743:
504:
was given, with the lower bound representing an average stress drop event and the higher bound for a lower stress drop event.
3007:
2982:
2892:
2831:
2601:
2571:
2440:
1591:
1145:
1055:
697:
157:
1475:
1308:
3012:
2952:
2646:
2581:
2551:
2541:
2501:
2460:
2355:
2221:
2076:
1967:
1961:
1748:
1252:
1165:
1379:
2826:
2796:
2711:
2701:
2666:
2511:
2445:
2435:
2269:
2112:
1955:
1858:
1843:
1738:
1677:
1657:
1581:
1535:
374:
2430:
1566:
3114:
3083:
3002:
2907:
2851:
2801:
2786:
2761:
2741:
2726:
2696:
2681:
2676:
2661:
2631:
2536:
2480:
2395:
2287:
2251:
2239:
2227:
2196:
2160:
2154:
2130:
2070:
2058:
2021:
2009:
1985:
1943:
1873:
1682:
1338:
1272:
1110:
448:
444:
440:
1662:
3042:
2972:
2897:
2887:
2856:
2846:
2836:
2821:
2751:
2706:
2591:
2576:
2470:
2450:
2425:
2400:
2375:
2360:
2275:
2233:
2190:
2178:
2172:
2088:
1949:
1818:
1687:
1672:
1667:
1561:
1424:
1419:
1318:
1201:
1181:
1160:
1084:
612:
483:
98:
3104:
2992:
2967:
2872:
2616:
2596:
2561:
2496:
2281:
2245:
2094:
1838:
1808:
1793:
1778:
1601:
1490:
1414:
1409:
1394:
1364:
1298:
1242:
1237:
1150:
624:
354:
3032:
2977:
2957:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2902:
2841:
2816:
2746:
2691:
2531:
2370:
2365:
2293:
2202:
2166:
2124:
1798:
1788:
1722:
1525:
1439:
1369:
1323:
1262:
1079:
496:
1773:
1384:
1196:
385:
1359:
3027:
2932:
2882:
2811:
2626:
2546:
2420:
2405:
2390:
2040:
2003:
1937:
1823:
1763:
1611:
1606:
1571:
1530:
1510:
1485:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1434:
1354:
1333:
1267:
1257:
1232:
1227:
1130:
1120:
1074:
1069:
580:
358:
3058:
3022:
2987:
2922:
2877:
2791:
2756:
2736:
2721:
2716:
2671:
2651:
2586:
2566:
2556:
2455:
2415:
2263:
2184:
2082:
1991:
1979:
1813:
1803:
1768:
1753:
1717:
1692:
1652:
1637:
1596:
1576:
1556:
1540:
1515:
1480:
1429:
1389:
1374:
1217:
1186:
1135:
1089:
996:
592:
588:
565:
541:
283:. Damage amounted to $ 350,000 (about $ 10,700,000 inflation adjusted to 2018) and was most pronounced on
200:
142:
3063:
3037:
2917:
2912:
2516:
1868:
1853:
1833:
1828:
1783:
1697:
1642:
1616:
1520:
1470:
1399:
1328:
1293:
1191:
1105:
663:
Numerous bay area newspapers reported on various disturbances that were experienced by mariners. In the
584:
410:
370:
750:
401:
393:
3124:
3073:
1586:
1500:
1313:
1247:
1140:
947:
796:
620:
561:
545:
975:
Preparation of isoseismal maps and summaries of reported effects for pre-1900 California earthquakes
587:, and Mare Island all show intensity VIII. A large number of locations are marked VIâVII, including
303:, though two earthquake catalogs gave specific coordinates that place it within the confines of the
1404:
1277:
787:(2014), "Where was the 1898 Mare Island Earthquake? Insights from the 2014 South Napa Earthquake",
616:
596:
525:
420:
256:
646:
641:
569:
464:
453:
268:
826:
Proceedings of the Second
Conference on Earthquake Hazards in the Eastern San Francisco Bay Area
934:
Hecker, S.; Pantosti, D.; Schwartz, D. P.; Hamilton, J. C; Reidy, L. M.; Powers, T. J. (2005),
532:), but the locations cannot be determined with accuracy due to a lack of map resolution. While
315:
are most often named as the source fault, but one seismologist's paper detailed how an unnamed
915:
883:
676:
557:
416:
334:
292:
611:
categorizes the overall effects of the event as moderate, significant damage occurred at the
528:, Mare Island, and much of San Pablo Bay, and also includes three instances of intensity IX (
115:
1010:
955:
871:
764:
672:
264:
492:
488:
476:
366:
346:
338:
328:
316:
308:
951:
800:
911:
432:
424:
280:
821:
3098:
936:"The most recent large earthquake on the Rodgers Creek fault, San Francisco Bay area"
935:
664:
533:
517:
468:
300:
2305:
279:). Its area of perceptibility included much of northern and central California and
903:
726:
655:'s stance that the origin of the mainshock was the southern Rodgers Creek Fault.
973:
784:
668:
436:
350:
284:
822:"1898 "Mare Island" Earthquake at the Southern End of the Rodgers Creek Fault"
680:
675:
reported feeling the shock, and a sharp rise in sea level was reported in the
579:
intensity VIII. Tubbs Island, to the northwest of Mare Island, lists VIIIâIX.
362:
172:
159:
1884:
1000:
288:
1024:
820:
Toppozada, T. R.; Bennett, J. H.; Hallstrom, C. L.; Youngs, L. G. (1992),
342:
749:
National
Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) (1972),
520:
and shows elongated rings aligned NNWâSSE. The innermost intensity VIII (
475:
was that the
Rodgers Creek Fault was not likely the source because their
904:"California Earthquakes of M â„ 5.5: Their History and the Areas Damaged"
959:
876:
The San
Andreas Fault System, California â USGS Professional Paper 1515
80:
768:
495:
was associated with this earthquake. A magnitude range of 5.8â6.4
400:
392:
384:
1015:
908:
International
Handbook of Earthquake & Engineering Seismology
849:
Tsunamis Affecting the West Coast of the United States 1806â1992
2309:
1888:
1028:
652:
575:
428:
357:
where the north-northwest trending SAF meets the east trending
472:
361:. It terminates in the south in a more gradual fashion at the
349:
span on and off shore along the California portion of the
482:
Another seismologist re-examined the event following the
415:
The shock was felt over an area of 120,000 km, from
855:, NGDC Key to Geophysical Records Documentation No. 29,
846:
Lander, J. F.; Lockridge, P. A.; Kozuch, M. J. (1993),
623:
where the courthouse was damaged. Other locations in
18:
1898 earthquake in Northern California, United States
728:
Seismicity of the United States, 1568â1989 (Revised)
3051:
2865:
2489:
2343:
2212:
2031:
1922:
1731:
1625:
1549:
1448:
1347:
1286:
1210:
1174:
1098:
1062:
241:
218:
210:
196:
188:
151:
137:
129:
121:
108:
97:
731:, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1527,
341:faults that form a portion of a large complex and
940:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
857:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
457:
815:
813:
811:
809:
419:in the north to Monterey in the south, and to
365:where displacement transitions to a series of
311:faults of the San Andreas Fault System in the
87:Stover & Coffman (1993) and NGDC epicenter
2321:
1900:
1040:
513:
456:. This estimate was later reduced to M6.4 in
260:
8:
21:
337:system (SAF) is a network of right-lateral
2328:
2314:
2306:
1907:
1893:
1885:
1047:
1033:
1025:
20:
1014:
841:
839:
497:
791:, Fall Meeting 2014, abstract #S44D-03,
733:United States Government Printing Office
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
910:, Part A, Volume 81A (First ed.),
779:
777:
708:
972:Toppozada, T. R.; Real, C. R. (1981),
744:
742:
725:Stover, C. W.; Coffman, J. L. (1993),
305:San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge
3120:History of the San Francisco Bay Area
830:California Department of Conservation
619:, where a cannery was damaged and in
552:) exceptions within the intensity V (
516:places the epicenter to the north of
7:
38:
902:Toppozada, T.; Branum, D. (2002),
572:also lay in the intensity V ring.
14:
1002:Earthquakes in California in 1898
693:List of earthquakes in California
2337:Earthquakes in the United States
859:, pp. 2, 11, 12, 19, 57, 58
757:National Geophysical Data Center
609:National Geophysical Data Center
447:were markedly smaller; only the
79:
66:
65:
51:
37:
30:
1007:United States Geological Survey
983:United States Geological Survey
880:United States Geological Survey
752:Significant Earthquake Database
219:
698:List of historical earthquakes
1:
536:is within the intensity VII (
52:
445:1984 Morgan Hill earthquakes
389:The Rodgers Creek Fault Zone
375:Gulf of California Rift Zone
261:March 30 at 23:43 local time
981:, Open-File Report 81-262,
828:, Special Publication 113,
458:Toppozada & Branum 2002
449:1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
253:1898 Mare Island earthquake
22:1898 Mare Island earthquake
3141:
789:AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts
613:Mare Island Naval Shipyard
548:are labeled intensity VI (
484:2014 South Napa earthquake
408:
326:
3110:Earthquakes in California
2998:2018 Southern Appalachian
1916:Earthquakes in California
514:Toppozada & Real 1981
355:Mendocino Triple Junction
267:of 5.8â6.4 and a maximum
26:
2386:1812 San Juan Capistrano
1932:1812 San Juan Capistrano
1156:1817 Santiago del Estero
1126:1812 San Juan Capistrano
1056:Earthquakes in the 1800s
512:The isoseismal map from
3018:2020 Monte Cristo Range
2767:1986 North Palm Springs
2622:1948 Desert Hot Springs
2149:1987 Superstition Hills
2137:1986 North Palm Springs
2101:1948 Desert Hot Springs
870:Wallace, R. E. (1990),
667:, vessels southeast of
359:Mendocino Fracture Zone
3069:2010â11 Guy-Greenbrier
2642:1957 Andreanof Islands
2466:1892 VacavilleâWinters
2411:1867 Manhattan, Kansas
2047:1892 VacavilleâWinters
1759:1892 VacavilleâWinters
406:
405:The Green Valley Fault
398:
397:The Hayward Fault Zone
390:
307:. One of the numerous
201:San Francisco Bay Area
3079:2009âpresent Oklahoma
2968:2014 Southeast Alaska
2963:2014 Aleutian Islands
2777:1987 Whittier Narrows
2687:1968 Borrego Mountain
2637:1954 Churchill County
2612:1946 Aleutian Islands
2607:1944 CornwallâMassena
2507:1906 Aleutian Islands
2351:1585 Aleutian Islands
2258:1987 Whittier Narrows
2107:1968 Borrego Mountain
1713:1888 North Canterbury
653:Toppozada et al. 1992
576:Toppozada et al. 1992
429:Toppozada et al. 1992
411:Interplate earthquake
404:
396:
388:
2928:2010 Baja California
2782:1987 Imperial Valley
2772:1986 Chalfant Valley
2732:1979 Imperial Valley
2527:1915 Pleasant Valley
2522:1915 Imperial Valley
2143:1986 Chalfant Valley
2119:1979 Imperial Valley
2065:1915 Imperial Valley
2016:2010 Baja California
1974:1915 Baja California
1708:1888 RĂo de la Plata
1648:1881 Nicobar Islands
1116:1811â1812 New Madrid
638:Sonoma Index-Tribune
477:trench investigation
345:plate boundary. The
204:Northern California
3008:2020 Salt Lake City
2953:2013 Port Alexander
2893:2006 Gulf of Mexico
2807:1992 Cape Mendocino
2572:1932 Cedar Mountain
2441:1872 North Cascades
1998:1992 Cape Mendocino
1633:1880 Southern Luzon
1592:1872 North Cascades
1506:1867 Virgin Islands
1304:1841 CaĂda da Praia
1146:1816 North Atlantic
985:, pp. 122, 167
952:2005BuSSA..95..844H
801:2014AGUFM.S44D..03H
524:) ring encompasses
454:Rodgers Creek Fault
257:Northern California
169: /
23:
3115:1898 in California
3013:2020 Central Idaho
2832:1993 Klamath Falls
2647:1957 San Francisco
2602:1940 New Hampshire
2582:1934 Hansel Valley
2552:1925 Santa Barbara
2542:1921 Sevier Valley
2502:1906 San Francisco
2461:1892 Laguna Salada
2391:1812 Santa Barbara
2381:1811â12 New Madrid
2356:1638 New Hampshire
2222:1957 San Francisco
2077:1925 Santa Barbara
1968:1906 San Francisco
1962:1892 Laguna Salada
1864:1899 AydınâDenizli
1749:1892 Laguna Salada
1703:1888 Ritter Island
1166:1819 Rann of Kutch
1009:, pp. 15â22,
960:10.1785/0120040134
872:"General features"
832:, pp. 385â392
735:, pp. 74, 112
647:San Francisco Call
473:Hecker et al. 2005
465:Bayesian inference
407:
399:
391:
269:Mercalli intensity
3092:
3091:
2827:1993 Scotts Mills
2797:1991 Sierra Madre
2712:1975 Near Islands
2702:1971 San Fernando
2667:1962 Cache Valley
2512:1909 Wabash River
2446:1882 Fort Collins
2436:1872 Owens Valley
2303:
2302:
2270:1991 Sierra Madre
2113:1971 San Fernando
1956:1872 Owens Valley
1882:
1881:
1739:1891 Port Waikato
1678:1885 Belovodoskoe
1658:1883 Casamicciola
1582:1872 Owens Valley
1536:1869 Christchurch
677:San Francisco Bay
640:reported that at
628:Whittier School.
371:spreading centers
335:San Andreas Fault
293:San Francisco Bay
249:
248:
3132:
3105:1898 earthquakes
2908:2008 Chino Hills
2852:1999 Hector Mine
2802:1992 Joshua Tree
2787:1989 Loma Prieta
2762:1984 Morgan Hill
2742:1981 Westmorland
2727:1979 Coyote Lake
2682:1965 Puget Sound
2677:1965 Rat Islands
2662:1959 Hebgen Lake
2632:1952 Kern County
2537:1918 San Jacinto
2481:1899 San Jacinto
2476:1898 Mare Island
2396:1838 San Andreas
2330:
2323:
2316:
2307:
2288:2008 Chino Hills
2252:1981 Westmorland
2240:1979 Coyote Lake
2161:1992 Joshua Tree
2155:1989 Loma Prieta
2131:1984 Morgan Hill
2071:1918 San Jacinto
2059:1899 San Jacinto
2053:1898 Mare Island
2010:1999 Hector Mine
1986:1952 Kern County
1944:1838 San Andreas
1909:
1902:
1895:
1886:
1874:1899 San Jacinto
1859:1899 Yakutat Bay
1849:1898 Mare Island
1683:1886 Peloponnese
1476:1863 Hawke's Bay
1339:1848 Marlborough
1309:1842 Cap-HaĂŻtien
1273:1838 San Andreas
1223:1833 BiharâNepal
1111:1810 North Korea
1049:
1042:
1035:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1018:
993:
987:
986:
980:
969:
963:
962:
931:
925:
924:
899:
893:
892:
882:, pp. 3â6,
867:
861:
860:
854:
843:
834:
833:
817:
804:
803:
781:
772:
771:
769:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
746:
737:
736:
722:
673:Farallon Islands
502:
367:transform faults
323:Tectonic setting
265:moment magnitude
262:
237:
236:
234:
221:
184:
183:
181:
180:
179:
174:
170:
167:
166:
165:
162:
104:1898-03-31 07:43
83:
82:
69:
68:
55:
54:
41:
40:
34:
24:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3084:2019 Ridgecrest
3047:
3043:2024 New Jersey
3003:2019 Ridgecrest
2973:2014 South Napa
2898:2006 Kiholo Bay
2888:2003 San Simeon
2861:
2857:2000 Yountville
2847:1998 Pymatuning
2837:1994 Northridge
2822:1992 St. George
2752:1983 Borah Peak
2707:1973 Point Mugu
2697:1969 Santa Rosa
2657:1958 Lituya Bay
2592:1936 State Line
2577:1933 Long Beach
2485:
2471:1895 Charleston
2451:1886 Charleston
2426:1870 Charlevoix
2401:1857 Fort Tejon
2376:1783 New Jersey
2361:1663 Charlevoix
2339:
2334:
2304:
2299:
2276:2000 Yountville
2234:1973 Point Mugu
2228:1969 Santa Rosa
2214:
2208:
2197:2019 Ridgecrest
2191:2014 South Napa
2179:2003 San Simeon
2173:1994 Northridge
2089:1933 Long Beach
2067:(6.3 & 6.3)
2033:
2027:
2022:2019 Ridgecrest
1950:1857 Fort Tejon
1924:
1918:
1913:
1883:
1878:
1819:1895 Charleston
1744:1891 MinoâOwari
1727:
1688:1886 Charleston
1673:1884 Andalusian
1668:1884 Colchester
1621:
1562:1870 Charlevoix
1545:
1444:
1425:1857 Basilicata
1420:1857 Fort Tejon
1343:
1319:1843 Guadeloupe
1282:
1253:1835 ConcepciĂłn
1206:
1202:1829 Torrevieja
1182:1822 Costa Rica
1170:
1094:
1058:
1053:
1023:
995:
994:
990:
978:
971:
970:
966:
933:
932:
928:
922:
914:, p. 795,
901:
900:
896:
890:
869:
868:
864:
852:
845:
844:
837:
819:
818:
807:
783:
782:
775:
748:
747:
740:
724:
723:
710:
706:
689:
661:
634:
605:
510:
501:
493:surface rupture
441:1969 Santa Rosa
413:
383:
331:
329:Transform fault
325:
228:
226:
225:
205:
203:
177:
175:
171:
168:
163:
160:
158:
156:
155:
146:
130:Local time
122:Local date
93:
92:
91:
90:
89:
88:
84:
76:
75:
74:
70:
62:
61:
60:
56:
48:
47:
46:
42:
19:
12:
11:
5:
3138:
3136:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3097:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2993:2018 Anchorage
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2873:2001 Nisqually
2869:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2617:1947 Wisconsin
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2597:1940 El Centro
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2562:1931 Valentine
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2497:1901 Richfield
2493:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2282:2007 Alum Rock
2279:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2246:1980 Livermore
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2218:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2095:1940 El Centro
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2037:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1928:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1844:1898 Balıkesir
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1809:1895 Ljubljana
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1754:1892 Catamarca
1751:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1496:1867 Manhattan
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1415:1856 Heraklion
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1395:1855 Wairarapa
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1365:1852 Banda Sea
1362:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1299:1841 Kamchatka
1296:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1243:1834 Jerusalem
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1151:1816 Guatemala
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1029:
1022:
1021:
997:Perrine, C. D.
988:
964:
926:
921:978-0124406520
920:
912:Academic Press
894:
889:978-0607716269
888:
862:
835:
805:
773:
738:
707:
705:
702:
701:
700:
695:
688:
685:
660:
657:
633:
630:
604:
601:
509:
506:
499:
433:isoseismal map
425:western Nevada
382:
379:
324:
321:
281:western Nevada
247:
246:
243:
239:
238:
223:
216:
215:
212:
208:
207:
198:
197:Areas affected
194:
193:
190:
186:
185:
173:38.2°N 122.4°W
153:
149:
148:
144:
139:
135:
134:
131:
127:
126:
125:March 30, 1898
123:
119:
118:
113:
106:
105:
102:
95:
94:
86:
85:
78:
77:
72:
71:
64:
63:
58:
57:
50:
49:
44:
43:
36:
35:
29:
28:
27:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3137:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3033:2022 Ferndale
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2978:2016 Oklahoma
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2958:2014 La Habra
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2948:2011 Oklahoma
2946:
2944:
2943:2011 Virginia
2941:
2939:
2938:2011 Colorado
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2903:2008 Illinois
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2842:1995 Marathon
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2817:1992 Big Bear
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2747:1983 Coalinga
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2692:1968 Illinois
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2532:1916 Irondale
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2371:1755 Cape Ann
2369:
2367:
2366:1700 Cascadia
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2319:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2295:
2294:2014 La Habra
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2211:
2204:
2203:2022 Ferndale
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2167:1992 Big Bear
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2125:1983 Coalinga
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1839:1897 Mindanao
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1799:1894 San Juan
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1789:1894 Istanbul
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1779:1894 Atalanti
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1723:1889 Kumamoto
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1440:1859 Shamakhi
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1410:1856 Djijelli
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1380:1854 IgaâUeno
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1370:1852 Acapulco
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1324:1843 Wanganui
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1263:1837 Valdivia
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1080:1804 Kisakata
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1003:
998:
992:
989:
984:
977:
976:
968:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
930:
927:
923:
917:
913:
909:
905:
898:
895:
891:
885:
881:
877:
873:
866:
863:
858:
851:
850:
842:
840:
836:
831:
827:
823:
816:
814:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
753:
745:
743:
739:
734:
730:
729:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
709:
703:
699:
696:
694:
691:
690:
686:
684:
682:
678:
674:
671:and near the
670:
666:
665:Pacific Ocean
658:
656:
654:
649:
648:
643:
639:
631:
629:
626:
625:Sonoma County
622:
618:
614:
610:
602:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
577:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
534:San Francisco
531:
527:
523:
519:
518:San Pablo Bay
515:
507:
505:
503:
494:
490:
487:(between the
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
461:
459:
455:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
431:compared the
430:
426:
422:
418:
412:
403:
395:
387:
380:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
330:
322:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
301:San Pablo Bay
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
258:
254:
244:
240:
235:
232:
224:
217:
213:
209:
206:United States
202:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
154:
150:
147:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
117:
114:
112:
107:
103:
100:
96:
33:
25:
16:
3074:2012 Brawley
3028:2021 Chignik
2933:2010 Indiana
2883:2003 Alabama
2866:21st century
2812:1992 Landers
2627:1949 Olympia
2547:1925 Montana
2490:20th century
2475:
2421:1868 Hayward
2406:1865 Memphis
2052:
2041:1868 Hayward
2004:1992 Landers
1938:1812 Ventura
1848:
1824:1896 Sanriku
1764:1893 Malatya
1612:1879 Surigao
1607:1877 Iquique
1531:1868 Hayward
1526:1868 Ecuador
1511:1867 Keelung
1486:1865 Memphis
1466:1861 Mendoza
1461:1861 Mendoza
1456:1861 Sumatra
1435:1859 Erzurum
1360:1851 Vulture
1355:1850 Xichang
1334:1847 Zenkoji
1268:1838 Vrancea
1258:1837 Galilee
1233:1833 Sumatra
1228:1833 Kunming
1161:1819 CopiapĂł
1131:1812 Ventura
1121:1812 Caracas
1085:1804 AlmerĂa
1075:1803 Garhwal
1070:1802 Vrancea
1016:10.3133/b161
1001:
991:
974:
967:
943:
939:
929:
907:
897:
875:
865:
848:
825:
792:
788:
785:Hough, S. E.
755:(Data Set),
751:
727:
662:
645:
637:
635:
606:
574:
553:
549:
537:
529:
521:
511:
481:
462:
414:
332:
297:
291:in northern
276:
272:
271:of VIIIâIX (
255:occurred in
252:
250:
230:
211:Total damage
178:38.2; -122.4
15:
3125:Mare Island
3023:2020 Sparta
2988:2018 Hawaii
2983:2018 Alaska
2923:2010 Eureka
2878:2002 Denali
2792:1990 Upland
2757:1983 Kaoiki
2737:1980 Eureka
2722:1975 Hawaii
2717:1975 Morris
2672:1964 Alaska
2652:1958 Huslia
2587:1935 Helena
2567:1932 Eureka
2557:1927 Lompoc
2456:1887 Sonora
2431:1871 LÄnaÊ»i
2416:1868 Hawaii
2264:1990 Upland
2185:2010 Eureka
2083:1932 Eureka
1992:1980 Eureka
1980:1927 Lompoc
1814:1895 Balkan
1804:1895 Quchan
1794:1894 ShĆnai
1769:1893 Quchan
1718:1889 Chilik
1693:1887 Sonora
1653:1882 Panama
1638:1880 Zagreb
1602:1875 CĂșcuta
1597:1873 Alpago
1577:1872 Hamada
1567:1871 LÄnaÊ»i
1557:1870 Batang
1541:1869 Cachar
1516:1868 Hawaii
1491:1866 Bingöl
1481:1863 Manila
1430:1858 Hietsu
1390:1854 Nankai
1375:1853 Shiraz
1238:1833 ShĆnai
1218:1830 Cixian
1187:1822 Aleppo
1136:1815 Pinglu
1090:1805 Molise
1005:, No. 161,
795:: S44Dâ03,
679:and on the
669:Point Reyes
632:Aftershocks
581:Schellville
538:Very strong
437:isoseismals
421:Carson City
351:Pacific Rim
339:strike-slip
309:strike-slip
285:Mare Island
176: /
45:Carson City
3099:Categories
3059:2001 Enola
3038:2023 Texas
2918:2008 Wells
2344:Historical
2230:(5.6, 5.7)
2151:(6.2, 6.6)
2049:(6.4, 6.2)
1923:Very Large
1869:1899 Ceram
1854:1898 Trilj
1829:1896 Rikuu
1784:1894 Tokyo
1774:1894 Vlorë
1698:1887 Verny
1663:1883 ĂeĆme
1643:1881 Chios
1617:1879 Gansu
1521:1868 Arica
1471:1863 Jujuy
1400:1855 Bursa
1385:1854 TĆkai
1329:1844 Salta
1294:1840 Ahora
1197:1828 SanjĆ
1192:1825 Blida
1106:1810 Crete
946:(3): 853,
704:References
681:Napa River
607:While the
593:San Rafael
589:Santa Rosa
566:Sacramento
542:Santa Cruz
409:See also:
381:Earthquake
373:along the
363:Salton Sea
327:See also:
101: time
3064:2008 Reno
2913:2008 Reno
2517:1914 Reno
2215:(5.0â5.9)
2115:(6.5â6.7)
2055:(5.8â6.4)
2043:(6.3â6.7)
2034:(6.0â6.9)
1964:(7.1â7.2)
1958:(7.4â7.9)
1946:(6.8â7.2)
1940:(7.1â7.5)
1934:(6.9â7.5)
1925:(7.0â7.9)
1587:1872 Amik
1572:1871 OrĂĄn
1501:1867 Java
1314:1843 Nias
1248:1834 Java
1141:1815 Bali
585:Lakeville
508:Intensity
489:West Napa
313:North Bay
289:peninsula
222:intensity
214:$ 350,000
152:Epicenter
138:Magnitude
2213:Moderate
1405:1855 Edo
1278:1839 Ava
999:(1899),
687:See also
621:Martinez
562:Stockton
556:) ring.
554:Moderate
546:San Jose
540:) ring,
439:for the
317:dip-slip
245:Possible
229:MMI IX (
164:122°24âČW
141:5.8â6.4
73:Monterey
979:(print)
948:Bibcode
797:Bibcode
659:Tsunami
617:Benicia
597:Oakland
530:Violent
526:Vallejo
469:Concord
343:diffuse
277:Violent
263:with a
242:Tsunami
231:Violent
192:Unknown
161:38°12âČN
3052:Swarms
918:
886:
642:Sonoma
603:Damage
570:Gilroy
568:, and
550:Strong
522:Severe
347:faults
273:Severe
116:ComCat
2296:(5.1)
2290:(5.4)
2284:(5.6)
2278:(5.0)
2272:(5.6)
2266:(5.7)
2260:(5.9)
2254:(5.9)
2248:(5.8)
2242:(5.7)
2236:(5.8)
2224:(5.7)
2205:(6.4)
2199:(6.4)
2193:(6.0)
2187:(6.5)
2181:(6.6)
2175:(6.7)
2169:(6.5)
2163:(6.2)
2157:(6.9)
2145:(6.2)
2139:(6.0)
2133:(6.2)
2127:(6.2)
2121:(6.4)
2109:(6.6)
2103:(6.4)
2097:(6.9)
2091:(6.4)
2085:(6.4)
2079:(6.8)
2073:(6.7)
2061:(6.7)
2032:Large
2024:(7.1)
2018:(7.2)
2012:(7.1)
2006:(7.3)
2000:(7.2)
1994:(7.3)
1988:(7.3)
1982:(7.3)
1976:(7.0)
1970:(7.8)
1952:(7.9)
1834:Assam
1732:1890s
1626:1880s
1550:1870s
1449:1860s
1348:1850s
1287:1840s
1211:1830s
1175:1820s
1099:1810s
1063:1800s
853:(PDF)
558:Ukiah
417:Chico
133:23:43
109:USGS-
59:Chico
916:ISBN
884:ISBN
761:NOAA
544:and
443:and
369:and
333:The
287:, a
251:The
220:Max.
189:Type
111:ANSS
1011:doi
956:doi
765:doi
423:in
259:on
99:UTC
3101::
954:,
944:95
942:,
938:,
906:,
878:,
874:,
838:^
824:,
808:^
793:44
776:^
763:,
759:,
741:^
711:^
595:,
591:,
583:,
564:,
560:,
460:.
427:.
377:.
2329:e
2322:t
2315:v
1908:e
1901:t
1894:v
1048:e
1041:t
1034:v
1013::
958::
950::
799::
767::
500:w
498:M
275:â
233:)
145:w
143:M
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