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checking everyone's pots and pans to ensure that no one was secretly buying meat. Anyone who was caught with meat was ridiculed and labeled a “scab.” These tactics proved to be very effective. Almost all purchases of kosher meats ceased. While the patrols went on, other boycott members worked around the clock to disseminate flyers and circulars in order to bolster support. One such circular read: “Eat no meat while the Trust is taking meat from the bones of your women and children.” Women vigilantes went as far as to rob butcher shops and rid them of their meat. The women involved in the protests also started a fundraising campaign to bail out imprisoned boycotters.
203:. After the shechita, the animal must be checked for any life-threatening wounds which could render the animal not kosher even after being properly slaughtered. Finally many parts of the animal have to be removed such as certain fats and all the blood. The meat is then salted in order to remove any remaining blood. This lengthy process and the many steps involved are what make kosher meat more expensive than non-kosher meat. In 1902 the kosher meat was recorded to be 5-6 cents more expensive per pound than non-kosher meat, even before the price increased.
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Lower East Side Jewish community, led by Fanny Levy and Sarah
Edelson, held a massive protest. On May 15, 20,000 protesters, mostly women, took to the streets to attack the butcher shops. They smashed shop windows, poured gasoline on the meat, lit it on fire and threw pieces of meat at police officers. By the end of the day, 85 people had been arrested, 75% of them women.
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lectured the community about the importance of joining the boycott. She then demanded that the men in the community compel their wives to join the protestors. The strategy of promoting the boycott inside synagogues gained much attention and proved to be an effective means of gaining support within the Jewish community.
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The boycott became so popular that its influence eventually spread to other Jewish communities in Harlem, Brooklyn, Newark, Boston, and
Philadelphia, where similar protests took place. Many of the women who organized the kosher meat boycott of 1902 as well as their children played a significant role
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Due to the boycott's successful tactics, on May 22, the Retail
Butchers Association (the kosher butchers association) realigned itself with the boycott campaign and ceased selling kosher meat in all their stores. In addition, kosher restaurants throughout NYC removed meat from their menus until the
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On May 11, 1902, around 400 kosher butchers on the East Side of New York organized a boycott of the meat trusts to put pressure on them to lower the cost of meat. However, the trusts were too powerful and the butchers ended their boycott. In response to those unsuccessful attempts, the women of the
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After May 15, the protests expanded into local synagogues. During
Sabbath services on May 17, two days after the street riots, a group of women stormed the podium of their synagogue to direct attention towards their cause. One woman got up on the synagogue podium, disrupted the Torah reading and
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movements, the end of the 19th century saw the number of middle class
American women volunteering in clubs, professional societies, and local charities increase significantly. This trend in turn lent much more strength to women's suffrage movements and provided a model for women to exert their
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was still under the control of robber barons who in 1902 decided to hike prices. Initially, the Jewish butchers in New York City attempted to boycott the meat trust by refusing to sell meat, but the trust was too powerful and their boycott crumbled. Thus the women of the Lower East Side Jewish
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In the weeks following the riots, Jewish women of the Lower East Side continued to come up with creative ways to protest. They patrolled the streets of the Lower East Side in order to prevent other women from buying meat. In a controversial but effective move, the protesters went door to door
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women in response to a coordinated increase in price of kosher meat from 12 to 18 cents a pound. This increase was significant enough that many Jewish families could no longer afford to buy meat. The protests, led mainly by immigrant Jewish women on
Manhattan’s
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came out with an article portraying the event as testimony to the impressive organizational skills of the women who put together the boycott. The newspaper stressed the role of the women in the boycott reporting that "women were the ring leaders at all hours."
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In 1902, although many
American Jews began to assimilate and drop many of their religious practices, many still kept kosher. Because of this, the increase in price for kosher meat had a relatively widespread impact.
249:, a Yiddish newspaper, endorsed the boycott by praising them with a newspaper title "Bravo, Bravo, Bravo, Jewish women!" Many Jewish socialists were also sympathetic to the boycott. On the other hand,
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broke out on the lower east side of
Manhattan to protest high rent prices. They publicly acknowledged that the inspiration for the boycott and the tactics used derived from the meat boycott of 1902.
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journalists who spent much of their life attacking corrupt institutions and leaders, were pleased with the boycott's exposure of the robber barons and their corrupt policies. The
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and various halachic works. The main criteria for a mammal to be kosher is that the animal must have split hooves and chew its cud. Additionally, a certified butcher known as a
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In general, kosher meat tends to be pricier than non-kosher meat due to the various restrictions and requirements that come with it. Adhering to the strict dietary laws of
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prices came back down. By May 27, major
Orthodox religious leaders had publicly affirmed support for the boycott, and by June 9 the prices dropped to 14 cents a pound.
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and trusts were able to dramatically increase prices in their respective industries, and prevented consumers from finding goods at a cheaper price. Though
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119:, though controversial in their often-violent tactics, were largely successful and resulted in the lowering of the price of meat to 14 cents a pound.
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portrayed the boycott and their methods in an extremely negative light, calling the women who ran the boycott a "dangerous class."
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community were forced to take matters into their own hands, staging a large boycott and convincing many people not to buy meat.
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also denounced the method of protesting, stating that the boycotters "made life miserable for the policemen." However
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These protests took place at a time when women were beginning to exert political influence. In addition to the rise of
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Hyman, Paula E. (1980-01-01). "Immigrant Women and
Consumer Protest: The New York City Kosher Meat Boycott of 1902".
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monopolizing a wide array of industries including the railroad, oil, steel and meat industries. These
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Undated photo (1900s) of Mrs. Perlmutter and others outside store arguing price of meat, Brooklyn, NY
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The South Providence Kosher Meat Boycott of 1910: A Study of Jewish Women’s Consumer Activism
510:"This Day in Jewish History 1902: Women Start Kosher Meat Boycott That Vanquishes a Monopoly"
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was coming to a close. The Gilded Age (1870–1900) in the United States saw powerful
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must slaughter the animal in accordance with Jewish law in a process known as
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in the New York Labor movement, most notably the garment labor union.
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Newspapers across NYC had many different reactions to the boycott.
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saw the boycotts actions as too controversial and semi-militant.
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influence in other areas, such as in the kosher meat boycott.
436:"Ask the Expert: Expensive Kosher Meat | My Jewish Learning"
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did express support for the idea of challenging the trusts.
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passed a number of antitrust laws in the 1890s, such as the
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Police making an arrest in front of kosher shop on the
693:"Feast Your Eyes (Not): A Meat Boycott | Picture This"
331:, in part likely inspired by the 1902 kosher boycott.
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life. The laws of kashrut can be found throughout the
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364:"The Kosher Meat Boycott of 1902"
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508:Green, David B. (2016-05-15).
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767:Cangany PhD., Catherine,
539:. Editora Melhoramentos.
392:www.digitalhistory.uh.edu
239:Reactions to the protests
179:is a significant part of
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903:1902 Kosher Meat Boycott
773:, Wayne State University
110:butchers on the part of
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57:- June 9, 1902
19:1902 Kosher Meat Boycott
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133:robber barons
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1555:Publications
1451:Pi Alpha Tau
1298:
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1200:Partnership
1192:
1185:
1136:
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1029:Chag habanot
1028:
1027:Girls' Day (
1013:
1009:
1002:
998:
930:(1923, 1929)
837:In the Bible
775:, retrieved
769:
762:
742:
735:
724:. Retrieved
721:cdnc.ucr.edu
720:
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40:May 17, 1902
37:
1731:Kosher meat
1680:WikiProject
1194:Tseno Ureno
1052:Matchmaking
1014:bat mitzvah
1003:Simchat bat
999:Zeved habat
936:(2003–2010)
416:HISTORY.com
275:Ida Tarbell
267:The Tribune
246:The Forward
171:Kosher meat
1695:Categories
1300:Firzogerin
1020:For adults
777:2023-07-28
746:(Thesis).
726:2023-07-28
702:2023-07-28
677:2017-04-28
653:2017-04-28
629:2017-04-28
571:2017-04-28
519:2017-04-28
478:2017-04-28
445:2017-04-28
421:2017-04-28
397:2017-04-28
373:2017-04-28
335:References
306:See also:
137:monopolies
129:Gilded Age
123:Background
61:1902-06-09
53:1902-05-11
1441:Nivcharot
1331:B'not Esh
1250:Rebbetzin
1163:Sexuality
1151:In Israel
1072:Homemaker
869:Bat-Kohen
852:In Israel
323:In 1910,
283:muckraker
271:The Times
32:East Side
1711:Boycotts
1660:Category
1351:Hadassah
1321:Aminadav
1292:Timeline
1261:Timeline
1223:Mechitza
1216:Midrasha
1146:Abortion
1047:Marriage
1040:Marriage
966:Orthodox
954:Feminism
874:Bat Levi
606:23881992
201:shechita
141:Congress
1670:Commons
1598:Schools
1506:Vocolot
1431:Na'amat
1416:Maharat
1326:Bat Kol
1089:Divorce
976:Mizrahi
971:Israeli
890:History
648:jwa.org
514:Haaretz
329:Midwest
211:Boycott
197:shochet
189:Mishnah
177:kashrut
101:boycott
79:+20,000
59: (
51: (
1618:Places
1577:Lilith
1421:Ma'yan
1406:Kolech
1356:Hadran
1287:Cantor
1282:Scribe
1202:minyan
1187:Tkhine
1138:Yichud
1131:Negiah
1124:Tzniut
1095:Agunah
942:(2020)
899:(1893)
604:
543:
281:, two
193:Talmud
108:kosher
99:was a
69:Number
1563:Binah
1391:JWCIF
1386:JWCEO
1346:Eshel
602:JSTOR
263:Times
185:Torah
1486:WLCJ
1481:WIZO
1436:NCJW
1371:JOFA
1012:and
541:ISBN
277:and
95:The
46:Date
1491:WLI
1476:W4W
1471:WoW
1396:JWI
1376:JWA
1336:CWJ
1010:Bar
748:doi
316:In
260:The
252:The
103:of
1697::
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580:^
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