592:
meeting he was pelted with eggs. The meeting's chairman publicly appealed to Gibbs to restrain his supporters, but to no avail. When Lloyd George left the meeting, he required a police escort to pass through the crowd, and despite the protection of stewards and bodyguards his carriage was lifted off the ground by protesters. He escaped serious injury, but left with his face and clothing splattered with eggs, and to avoid another mob which had gathered at the railway station, his train left early. The police were unable to restrain the crowds, and Slack also required bodyguards when he left the meeting. He insisted that the egg-throwers were not local people, but "blackguards hired by a certain corrupt organisation to come down here to corrupt St Albans".
274:
27:
577:
311:, in order to avoid them being sold to a rival power when Chile did not complete the purchase. He told his constituents that if the ships had passed into the hands of a rival nation, such as Russia (which had made a cash offer for them), the balance of power would have been significantly altered, and that Britain would have fallen behind in naval power relative to their rivals. The two warships,
72:
672:
247:
378:
509:. They were satisfied with Slack's replies on all points, and unhappy with those from Gibbs, so they threw their weight behind the Liberals, claiming that they could mobilise 600 votes. Incensed by Gibbs's vote against the Church Discipline Bill in 1899, and buoyed by their success in other recent by-elections, they prepared for an "active crusade".
79:
572:
reported that a "spirit of active antagonism" was developing between the two campaigns. Conservatives had been removed from the
Liberal demonstration earlier in the week, and had retaliated by packing two Liberal meetings in St Albans on Thursday 4th. They heckled the speakers, and in one case closed
544:
could be restored by tariffs. The
Liberals responded with literature asserting that protection would increase the cost of living for working people, but sought their gains elsewhere. The agricultural labourers had traditionally voted Liberal, and were considered unlikely to change, while the heavily
539:
Meanwhile, the
Liberals secured the support of the Postal and Telegraph Clerks, the Workmen's National Housing Council, and the Amalgamated Society of Lithographic printers. Slack's campaign kept up a schedule of six or seven public meetings each night, with queues of carriages and motor cars leaving
591:
addressed a meeting at St Albans drill hall on
Saturday. His condemnations of the Conservative government were interrupted, and the hecklers expelled. Outside the hall, a crowd of those excluded from the meeting banged the doors, threw stones onto the roof, and when Slack arrived halfway through the
683:
Polling took place on Friday 12 February. The weather was fine in the morning, but the afternoon brought heavy rain and gales. Roads were flooded in many places, and many of the motor cars which had been engaged to bring voters to polling stations were unable to make the journey. The downpour was
595:
Gibbs and his agent both wrote to Slack and his agent expressing regret for the disturbance, and promising to assist in keeping order at further
Liberal meetings. The Liberal agent, Mr W. Bernthal, wrote to the local representatives of the Tariff Reform League, excusing them from any blame for the
543:
By Monday 8th, tariff reformers were reporting growing support among the artisans of St Albans. The town's principal industries were boot-making, printing, straw hats and bonnet-making, and silk, and the latter two had both been hit by foreign competition. The protectionists argued that the trade
484:
By contrast, Slack had proclaimed himself from the outset as a supporter of free trade. At the meeting in St Albans on 23 January when he was selected, he described
Chamberlain's policy as "retrograde, mischievous, and ruinous for the country and the empire", pledging himself to oppose protective
702:
The announcement was greeted by cheering from the crowd, and speeches from the candidates, in which they thanked their supporters and the
Sheriff. Gibbs said that although he had worked as hard as he could, his health had been poor. Slack also thanked his opponents for their courtesy during the
643:
On
Thursday, the final day of campaigning, both parties insisted that their canvassing returns showed them winning by a narrow margin. Gibbs visited polling stations at several towns near St Albans, and in the afternoon returned to the city to address the workers at Dangerfield's colour printing
615:
The two candidates were nominated at the town hall in St Albans on
Tuesday 9 February. Gibbs received 33 nominations, signed by railway workers, straw hat makers, farmers, and others. Slack's 20 nominators included the Church Association, trade unions, and other organised bodies.
354:, and then present himself for re-election. However, since the Gibbs brothers were already disqualified, he did not need to take the usual step of disqualifying himself by taking the Chiltern Hundreds, and in letters of 1 February 1904 he and his brother both informed the
2913:
531:
met in St Albans on 3 February under the auspices of the
Hertfordshire Brewer's association. After considering responses from the two candidates to questions about compensation when licences were withdrawn, they unanimously decided to support Gibbs.
619:
The final days of the campaign were more peaceful. On Wednesday 10 February, Gibbs spent most of the day with farmers at the weekly market in St Albans, while Slack toured some of the city's major businesses and addressed workers on the
695:. Despite the bad weather, Slack had won a narrow victory, with a majority of 132 votes (1.4% of the total). Out of the division's 11,518 registered electors, 9,423 (81.5%) had cast valid votes, with a further 41
1038:
in 1906, and remained a prominent Liberal until his death in London in February 1909, aged 51. He remained the only Liberal MP until 2019 elected for St Albans since the county constituency was created in 1885.
684:
thought by both sides to have considerably weakened the Liberal chances of success, because although a high turnout was expected, the rain made it impossible for many working class voters to travel to the poll.
2071:
2094:
599:
On Tuesday 9 February, the St Albans City Corporation discussed the disorder. Liberal councillors condemned the "disgraceful scenes", and called for prosecution of the ringleaders. However, the
399:
newspaper reported on 20 January that the by-election was unlikely to be contested by the Liberals, but at a meeting on 24 January the St Albans Liberals adopted Slack as their candidate.
2867:
2064:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2090:
1361:
1292:
355:
1046:
in 1906, but never returned to Parliament. He remained prominent in Tariff Reform issues, served on the boards of many companies, and co-authored the 1911 edition of
2101:
2083:
2057:
2898:
1043:
633:
347:
2584:
1596:
1538:
1462:
1424:
1390:
517:
1187:
292:
222:, and fought with the assistance of the major national organisations on both sides of that divide. It also reflected the wider national divide between
516:
addressed a meeting at St Albans in support of Gibbs, who deplored the destruction of local industries by "unfair foreign competition". The next day,
434:
campaigner, he became a member of the Wesleyan Church's annual conference, President of the Local Preacher's Association, and an active member of the
403:
2049:
1951:
2633:
2478:
2348:
2222:
214:
It was the first contested parliamentary election in St Albans since 1892. The two-way contest was dominated by the contemporary debate between
2908:
2134:
1070:
549:
204:
51:
41:
2375:
1980:
625:
200:
152:
2353:
2321:
1034:
for the Liberals, the Conservatives and Liberal Unionists had a net loss of 211 seats, and St Albans was one of their few gains. Slack was
884:
873:
351:
267:
263:
259:
2650:
1065:
629:
1879:
334:
However, by managing the sale to the Admiralty the brothers disqualified themselves from the House of Commons, under provisions of the
2877:
2693:
2452:
2391:
2204:
2183:
427:
485:
tariffs, no matter what they were called. He said that the two big issues facing an incoming Liberal government were land and drink.
2563:
2008:
1273:
1227:
1139:
497:, who established an office in St Albans in late January, and organised a series of meetings. He also received the support of the
335:
2386:
2144:
2024:
877:
359:
2644:
2553:
2440:
2277:
2271:
2198:
2154:
1831:
450:
423:
288:
1902:
1850:
1803:
1769:
1735:
1703:
1661:
1567:
1504:
1332:
2918:
2763:
2736:
2731:
2688:
2590:
2463:
2434:
2326:
1625:
2923:
2872:
2769:
2758:
2742:
2682:
2483:
2473:
2381:
2256:
692:
557:
435:
419:
227:
196:
2672:
2579:
2493:
2468:
2446:
2305:
2786:
2721:
2601:
2596:
2574:
2547:
2412:
2266:
2139:
782:
624:. In the evening, the Conservatives held a meeting of 3,000 people at the drill hall, where the principal speaker was
255:
159:
94:
1162:
273:
2780:
2774:
2747:
2726:
2704:
2638:
2606:
2569:
2542:
2532:
2457:
2370:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2311:
2288:
2245:
2210:
2177:
2171:
2149:
2129:
1080:
1075:
304:
2752:
2710:
2677:
2622:
2617:
2510:
2423:
2316:
2293:
2250:
2193:
2188:
415:
2282:
2261:
418:. He had practised in London since 1889, becoming by 1904 a partner in the firm of Monro, Slack and Atkinson of
2903:
2699:
2655:
2628:
2612:
2537:
2505:
2499:
2488:
2429:
2417:
2402:
2216:
2124:
704:
637:
414:
and had qualified as a solicitor in Derbyshire in 1880, where he was elected as a Liberal member of the first
2397:
2228:
652:
on 5 February. Slack had confirmed his support for the measure, so the TUC asked electors to vote for Slack.
2716:
2515:
1007:
914:
843:
777:
553:
235:
178:
163:
109:
2119:
556:
were expected to support Slack. The Liberals hoped to increase their support amongst the division's many
470:
296:
2299:
645:
2407:
1256:
Preston, Antony (1984). "Great Britain". In Robert Gardiner; Randal Gray; Przemyslaw Budzbon (eds.).
1048:
649:
528:
411:
319:
481:. Gibbs had told supporters in January that if re-elected he would support Chamberlain's proposals
478:
431:
208:
1936:
953:
948:
836:
750:
743:
588:
580:
498:
474:
473:
allies were split on the issue of "tariff reform", a form of selective protectionism promoted by
407:
390:
386:
358:
of the contract. Vicary Gibbs noted that "I am advised that by so doing I have, under an Act of
313:
277:
231:
104:
89:
441:
The Conservatives selected 50-year-old Gibbs to defend the seat which he had just vacated. The
254:
The vacancy was caused by the disqualification from the Commons of the sitting Conservative MP
2004:
1976:
1269:
1265:
1223:
1135:
1031:
521:
300:
524:
was a caucus of manufacturers and traders trying to corner supplies and swell their profits.
1931:
1257:
1015:
848:
644:
works. However, Gibbs had not replied to an enquiry from the Parliamentary Committee of the
513:
494:
366:
1035:
921:
648:(TUC) as to whether he would support the Trade Disputes Bill introduced to the Commons by
621:
600:
174:
576:
1996:
1127:
869:
502:
446:
2032:
2892:
1258:
987:
816:
660:
466:
219:
2914:
By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Hertfordshire constituencies
1832:
Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "H" (part 2)
442:
308:
536:
reported that the division's 273 licence-holders were likely to vote accordingly.
71:
520:
addressed a large Liberal demonstration in St Albans, telling the crowd that the
393:
were campaigning in the constituency before his disqualification was formalised.
696:
663:
that his victory would be a "triumph for the cause of free trade and progress".
545:
328:
223:
462:
324:
246:
215:
1509:
1192:
688:
676:
506:
395:
343:
339:
671:
377:
2003:(3rd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 375.
1134:(2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 297.
904:
733:
707:
recreation ground to kick off for the St Albans Football Club at a match.
78:
656:
505:
group who had submitted a list of questions to both candidates regarding
230:
Liberalism. After a campaign marred by several incidents of unrest, the
703:
campaign, and after a meeting at the St Albans Liberal Club he went to
540:
St Albans every night to carry speakers to other parts of the division.
1956:
1884:
1167:
1053:
604:
369:
was moved the following day. The polling date was set as 12 February.
872:, but held the seat for less than two years, until his defeat at the
512:
Both candidates were joined by notable supporters. On 3 February,
670:
272:
346:. Vicary Gibbs told his constituents on 18 January that he would
2053:
687:
The result was announced from the balcony of the town hall in
1505:"Election Intelligence. Hertfordshire (St. Albans Division)"
1056:, and in January 1932 he died at his London home, aged 78.
1103:. Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 98.
1101:
Chronology of British Parliamentary By-elections 1833–1987
461:
The dominant issue in the campaign was the debate between
365:
His letter was read to the Commons on 2 February, and the
342:. c. 45) which debarred MPs from accepting contracts from
1052:. He became a notable horticulturalist in his garden at
199:
held on 12 February 1904. The constituency returned one
1287:
1285:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1171:. House of Commons. 2 February 1904. col. 74–75.
422:. He was a Liberal Party activist in the boroughs of
1903:"Election Intelligence. Herts (St. Albans Division)"
1897:
1895:
1851:"Election Intelligence. Herts (St. Albans Division)"
1804:"Election Intelligence. Herts (St. Albans Division)"
1736:"Election Intelligence. Herts (St. Albans Division)"
1704:"Election Intelligence. Herts (St. Albans Division)"
1626:"Election Intelligence. Herts (St. Albans Division)"
1333:"Election Intelligence. Herts (St. Albans Division)"
238:, who had held the seat since its creation in 1885.
2664:
2524:
2362:
2237:
2163:
2111:
1888:. House of Commons. 5 February 1904. col. 481.
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1730:
1728:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1533:
1531:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1419:
1417:
1415:
402:Slack was a 46-year-old solicitor, and a prominent
1960:. House of Commons. 22 April 1904. col. 1011.
1182:
1180:
1178:
573:Slack's meeting with a vote of support for Gibbs.
1260:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921
1222:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. p. 349.
2001:British parliamentary election results 1918–1949
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1132:British parliamentary election results 1885–1918
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
147:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
2065:
1909:. London. 13 February 1904. p. 12, col D
1810:. London. 11 February 1904. p. 10, col F
1469:. London. 12 February 1909. p. 13, col D
868:Slack did support the Trade Disputes Bill at
8:
2029:Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources
1857:. London. 12 February 1904. p. 8, col D
1776:. London. 10 February 1904. p. 7, col D
1742:. London. 9 February 1904. p. 11, col F
1710:. London. 8 February 1904. p. 10, col D
1668:. London. 6 February 1904. p. 13, col E
1603:. London. 26 January 1904. p. 10, col D
1574:. London. 23 January 1904. p. 12, col D
1545:. London. 14 January 1932. p. 14, col D
1513:. London. 15 February 1904. p. 7, col C
1368:. London. 18 January 1904. p. 10, col A
1264:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. p.
336:House of Commons (Disqualification) Act 1782
18:
1971:Rallings, Colin; Thrasher, Michael (2006).
1632:. London. 2 February 1904. p. 5, col D
1431:. London. 25 January 1904. p. 8, col E
1397:. London. 20 January 1904. p. 7, col B
1339:. London. 4 February 1904. p. 6, col B
1299:. London. 4 February 1904. p. 7, col A
1196:. London. 19 January 1904. p. 4, col C
2072:
2058:
2050:
882:
714:
493:Slack was assisted in his campaign by the
17:
1539:"Mr. Vicary Gibbs "The Complete Peerage""
632:. Slack received letters of support from
327:on 12 March 1903, and served through the
270:, but was disqualified in February 1904.
234:candidate narrowly won the seat from the
1220:Latin America: A Naval History 1810–1987
575:
376:
245:
1952:"TRADE UNIONS AND TRADES DISPUTES BILL"
1880:"TRADES UNIONS AND TRADE DISPUTES BILL"
1091:
1975:. London: Total Politics. p. 68.
1293:"House Of Commons., Wednesday, Feb. 3"
299:, which had organised the sale to the
205:House of Commons of the United Kingdom
2095:27th Parliament of the United Kingdom
986:
891:
815:
720:
7:
2899:1904 elections in the United Kingdom
1463:"Obituaries: Sir John Bamford-Slack"
262:. He had been returned unopposed in
1066:List of United Kingdom by-elections
679:, where the results were announced
362:, vacated my seat in Parliament".
14:
2025:"UK General Elections since 1832"
1940:. 16 February 1904. p. 1014.
944:
909:
874:general election in January 1906
773:
738:
77:
70:
25:
1957:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1885:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1168:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
636:MP and from the Liberal leader
583:, pelted with eggs in St Albans
451:Hucks Gibbs, 1st Baron Aldenham
469:. The Conservatives and their
258:, who had held the seat since
1:
2909:20th century in Hertfordshire
716:St Albans by-election, 1904
638:Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman
295:) were partners in the firm
453:, and a wealthy landowner.
305:pre-dreadnought battleships
2940:
1218:Scheina, Robert L (1987).
1081:1943 St Albans by-election
1076:1919 St Albans by-election
603:advised against issuing a
193:1904 St Albans by-election
19:1904 St Albans by-election
2795:
2585:Dublin St Stephen's Green
1006:
970:
903:
900:
897:
894:
835:
799:
732:
729:
726:
723:
691:on Saturday 13th, by the
416:Derbyshire County Council
410:, he was educated at the
307:built in England for the
197:Parliamentary by-election
145:
62:
35:
23:
2799:Lists of UK by-elections
587:Tensions continued when
568:On Saturday 6 February,
323:, were purchased by the
1973:British Electoral Facts
1920:(subscription required)
1868:(subscription required)
1821:(subscription required)
1787:(subscription required)
1770:"Election Intelligence"
1753:(subscription required)
1721:(subscription required)
1679:(subscription required)
1662:"Election Intelligence"
1643:(subscription required)
1614:(subscription required)
1597:"Election Intelligence"
1585:(subscription required)
1568:"Election Intelligence"
1556:(subscription required)
1524:(subscription required)
1480:(subscription required)
1442:(subscription required)
1425:"Election Intelligence"
1408:(subscription required)
1391:"Election Intelligence"
1379:(subscription required)
1362:"Election Intelligence"
1350:(subscription required)
1310:(subscription required)
1207:(subscription required)
1188:"Election Intelligence"
626:Sir Robert Hermon-Hodge
348:resign from the Commons
297:Antony Gibbs & Sons
2634:North East Lanarkshire
2479:Warwick and Leamington
2349:Liverpool East Toxteth
2223:North East Lanarkshire
1099:Craig, F.W.S. (1987).
1071:St Albans constituency
680:
584:
550:Great Northern Railway
445:-educated Gibbs was a
389:prospective candidate
382:
284:
251:
2919:Politics of St Albans
885:General election 1906
674:
646:Trades Union Congress
579:
564:Tensions and disorder
518:Lewis Vernon Harcourt
420:Queen Victoria Street
380:
276:
249:
2924:History of St Albans
2376:Liverpool West Derby
1049:The Complete Peerage
659:, Slack was told by
650:James Mellor Paulton
607:before polling day.
529:licensed victuallers
449:businessman, son of
412:University of London
201:Member of Parliament
2354:Orkney and Shetland
2322:East Worcestershire
2257:Sheffield Ecclesall
2035:on 16 February 2018
888:
717:
479:Imperial Preference
436:West London Mission
385:Both Gibbs and the
287:He and his brother
209:first past the post
20:
2651:West Monmouthshire
1937:The London Gazette
954:John Bamford Slack
883:
751:John Bamford Slack
715:
681:
655:In an eve-of-poll
589:David Lloyd George
585:
581:David Lloyd George
499:Church Association
475:Joseph Chamberlain
408:Ripley, Derbyshire
404:Wesleyan Methodist
391:John Bamford Slack
383:
285:
252:
116:Popular vote
2886:
2885:
2694:Liverpool Everton
2453:St Andrews Burghs
2392:Dublin University
2205:Stratford-on-Avon
2184:Monmouth Boroughs
1982:978-1-907278-03-7
1032:landslide victory
1028:
1027:
861:
860:
675:The town hall in
548:personnel of the
522:Tariff Commission
352:Chiltern Hundreds
226:Conservatism and
207:, elected by the
189:
188:
185:
184:
141:
140:
58:
57:
2931:
2878:Hereditary peers
2873:Northern Ireland
2564:Birmingham South
2106:
2097:
2088:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2031:. Archived from
2021:
2015:
2014:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1899:
1890:
1889:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1847:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1800:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1766:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1732:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1700:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1658:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1535:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1501:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1459:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1421:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1329:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1289:
1280:
1279:
1263:
1253:
1247:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1184:
1173:
1172:
1159:
1146:
1145:
1124:
1105:
1104:
1096:
1044:Bradford Central
1042:Gibbs contested
906:
889:
735:
718:
527:The divisions's
514:Frederick Halsey
495:Free Trade Union
471:Liberal Unionist
148:
81:
74:
64:
63:
47:12 February 1904
37:
36:
30:
29:
28:
21:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2904:1904 in England
2889:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2791:
2660:
2520:
2413:North Fermanagh
2387:East Perthshire
2358:
2233:
2159:
2145:West Derbyshire
2107:
2102:28th Parliament
2098:
2089:
2084:26th Parliament
2080:
2078:
2048:
2038:
2036:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2011:
1997:Craig, F. W. S.
1995:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1901:
1900:
1893:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1860:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1837:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1811:
1802:
1801:
1792:
1786:
1779:
1777:
1768:
1767:
1758:
1752:
1745:
1743:
1734:
1733:
1726:
1720:
1713:
1711:
1702:
1701:
1684:
1678:
1671:
1669:
1660:
1659:
1648:
1642:
1635:
1633:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1606:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1577:
1575:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1548:
1546:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1523:
1516:
1514:
1503:
1502:
1485:
1479:
1472:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1447:
1441:
1434:
1432:
1423:
1422:
1413:
1407:
1400:
1398:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1371:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1342:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1315:
1309:
1302:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1199:
1197:
1186:
1185:
1176:
1161:
1160:
1149:
1142:
1128:Craig, F. W. S.
1126:
1125:
1108:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1062:
922:Hildred Carlile
878:Hildred Carlile
866:
713:
669:
622:Midland Railway
613:
601:Chief Constable
566:
491:
459:
375:
329:First World War
291:(an MP for the
283:in January 1904
244:
211:voting system.
177:
175:Hildred Carlile
172:
162:
157:
155:before election
146:
31:
26:
24:
12:
11:
5:
2937:
2935:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2891:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2772:
2766:
2761:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2691:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2645:Isle of Thanet
2641:
2636:
2631:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2554:City of London
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2441:Barnard Castle
2437:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2373:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2291:
2285:
2280:
2278:South Monaghan
2274:
2272:North Kilkenny
2269:
2264:
2259:
2253:
2248:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2199:Saffron Walden
2196:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2155:North Monaghan
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2054:
2047:
2046:
2016:
2009:
1988:
1981:
1963:
1943:
1923:
1891:
1871:
1835:
1824:
1790:
1756:
1724:
1682:
1646:
1617:
1588:
1559:
1527:
1483:
1445:
1411:
1382:
1353:
1313:
1281:
1274:
1248:
1235:
1228:
1210:
1174:
1147:
1140:
1106:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1061:
1058:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1005:
1002:
1001:
996:
993:
990:
984:
983:
978:
975:
972:
968:
967:
962:
959:
956:
951:
946:
943:
942:
935:
930:
925:
918:
911:
908:
907:
902:
899:
896:
893:
870:second reading
865:
862:
859:
858:
856:
851:
846:
834:
831:
830:
825:
822:
819:
813:
812:
807:
804:
801:
797:
796:
791:
788:
785:
780:
775:
772:
771:
764:
759:
754:
747:
740:
737:
736:
731:
728:
725:
722:
712:
709:
697:spoilt ballots
668:
665:
612:
609:
565:
562:
558:nonconformists
490:
487:
458:
455:
447:City of London
374:
371:
350:by taking the
293:City of London
243:
240:
187:
186:
183:
182:
167:
143:
142:
139:
138:
135:
130:
126:
125:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
87:
83:
82:
75:
68:
60:
59:
56:
55:
49:
44:
33:
32:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2936:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2788:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2765:
2764:Belfast North
2762:
2760:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2737:Finsbury East
2735:
2733:
2732:North Donegal
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2689:North Kildare
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2592:
2591:Isle of Wight
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2464:North Leitrim
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2435:South Kildare
2433:
2431:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2327:Belfast South
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2075:
2070:
2068:
2063:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2010:0-900178-06-X
2006:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1275:0-87021-907-3
1271:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1244:Naval History
1239:
1236:
1231:
1229:0-87021-295-8
1225:
1221:
1214:
1211:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1141:0-900178-27-2
1137:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1004:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
989:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
941:
940:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
923:
919:
917:
916:
912:
910:
890:
886:
881:
879:
875:
871:
863:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
841:
838:
833:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
818:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
770:
769:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
752:
748:
746:
745:
741:
739:
719:
710:
708:
706:
705:Clarence Park
700:
698:
694:
690:
685:
678:
673:
666:
664:
662:
661:H. H. Asquith
658:
653:
651:
647:
641:
639:
635:
631:
628:, the MP for
627:
623:
617:
610:
608:
606:
602:
597:
593:
590:
582:
578:
574:
571:
563:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
541:
537:
535:
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
488:
486:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
467:protectionism
464:
456:
454:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
397:
392:
388:
387:Liberal Party
379:
372:
370:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
321:
316:
315:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
282:
281:
275:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
248:
241:
239:
237:
236:Conservatives
233:
232:Liberal Party
229:
228:nonconformist
225:
221:
220:tariff reform
217:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
181:
180:
176:
171:
170:Subsequent MP
168:
166:
165:
161:
156:
154:
150:
149:
144:
136:
134:
131:
128:
127:
123:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
91:
90:Bamford Slack
88:
85:
84:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
65:
61:
54: →
53:
50:
48:
45:
43:
40:←
39:
38:
34:
22:
16:
2868:2010–present
2770:Barkston Ash
2759:Elgin Burghs
2743:Kingswinford
2683:North Dorset
2558:
2484:Westhoughton
2474:Belfast West
2382:South Antrim
2289:West Donegal
2100:
2091:By-elections
2082:
2037:. Retrieved
2033:the original
2028:
2019:
2000:
1991:
1972:
1966:
1955:
1946:
1935:
1926:
1911:. Retrieved
1906:
1883:
1874:
1859:. Retrieved
1854:
1827:
1812:. Retrieved
1807:
1778:. Retrieved
1773:
1744:. Retrieved
1739:
1712:. Retrieved
1707:
1670:. Retrieved
1665:
1634:. Retrieved
1629:
1620:
1605:. Retrieved
1600:
1591:
1576:. Retrieved
1571:
1562:
1547:. Retrieved
1542:
1515:. Retrieved
1508:
1471:. Retrieved
1466:
1433:. Retrieved
1428:
1399:. Retrieved
1394:
1385:
1370:. Retrieved
1365:
1356:
1341:. Retrieved
1336:
1301:. Retrieved
1296:
1259:
1251:
1243:
1238:
1219:
1213:
1198:. Retrieved
1191:
1166:
1163:"NEW WRITS."
1131:
1100:
1094:
1047:
1041:
1029:
1020:
1010:
1008:Conservative
998:
980:
964:
938:
937:
932:
927:
920:
915:Conservative
913:
887:: St Albans
867:
853:
844:Conservative
839:
827:
809:
793:
783:Vicary Gibbs
778:Conservative
767:
766:
761:
756:
749:
742:
701:
693:High Sheriff
686:
682:
654:
642:
618:
614:
598:
594:
586:
569:
567:
542:
538:
533:
526:
511:
492:
483:
460:
457:The campaign
440:
401:
394:
384:
364:
333:
318:
312:
309:Chilean Navy
286:
279:
256:Vicary Gibbs
253:
213:
203:(MP) to the
192:
190:
179:Conservative
173:
169:
164:Conservative
160:Vicary Gibbs
158:
151:
132:
119:
110:Conservative
46:
15:
2757:September:
2673:Stalybridge
2580:East Dorset
2494:Londonderry
2469:South Meath
2451:September:
2447:Argyllshire
2306:Leeds North
2221:September:
2039:11 February
1932:"No. 27647"
1268:–10.
634:John Morley
611:Nominations
503:evangelical
224:high church
129:Percentage
2893:Categories
2787:New Forest
2785:December:
2779:November:
2722:Chichester
2687:February:
2649:November:
2602:Harborough
2597:West Cavan
2575:Rossendale
2552:February:
2548:Ayr Burghs
2504:December:
2498:November:
2380:February:
2342:November:
2267:South Down
2255:February:
2227:November:
2170:February:
2140:Woodbridge
2135:Wellington
2118:December:
1913:7 February
1861:7 February
1814:7 February
1780:7 February
1746:7 February
1714:7 February
1672:7 February
1636:7 February
1607:7 February
1578:6 February
1549:6 February
1517:6 February
1473:6 February
1435:6 February
1401:6 February
1372:6 February
1343:7 February
1303:6 February
1200:6 February
1087:References
895:Candidate
724:Candidate
596:disorder.
489:Supporters
463:free trade
432:temperance
430:. A noted
428:St Pancras
406:. Born in
373:Candidates
360:George III
325:Royal Navy
216:free trade
86:Candidate
2863:1979–2010
2858:1950–1979
2853:1931–1950
2848:1918–1931
2843:1900–1918
2838:1885–1900
2833:1868–1885
2828:1857–1868
2823:1847–1857
2818:1832–1847
2813:1818–1832
2808:1806–1818
2803:1801–1806
2781:Normanton
2775:Hampstead
2768:October:
2748:West Down
2705:Buteshire
2671:January:
2643:October:
2639:Cork City
2607:Devonport
2570:Normanton
2559:St Albans
2543:Gateshead
2533:Ashburton
2531:January:
2462:October:
2458:Rochester
2371:Newmarket
2369:January:
2344:Cleveland
2338:Devonport
2336:October:
2332:Sevenoaks
2312:Clitheroe
2283:Wakefield
2262:East Down
2246:Hampstead
2244:January:
2211:Wokingham
2178:Maidstone
2172:Stretford
2150:Blackpool
2130:Guildford
1999:(1983) .
1907:The Times
1855:The Times
1808:The Times
1774:The Times
1740:The Times
1708:The Times
1666:The Times
1630:The Times
1601:The Times
1572:The Times
1543:The Times
1510:The Times
1467:The Times
1429:The Times
1395:The Times
1366:The Times
1337:The Times
1297:The Times
1242:Scheina,
1193:The Times
1130:(1989) .
971:Majority
864:Aftermath
800:Majority
689:St Albans
677:St Albans
570:The Times
546:unionised
534:The Times
507:ritualism
396:The Times
344:the Crown
340:22 Geo. 3
320:Swiftsure
301:Admiralty
278:HMS
2753:Carlisle
2711:Brighton
2678:Mile End
2627:August:
2623:Oswestry
2618:Chertsey
2511:Lewisham
2445:August:
2424:Camborne
2418:Chertsey
2403:Woolwich
2317:Tiverton
2310:August:
2294:Woolwich
2251:Dewsbury
2215:August:
2194:Oswestry
2189:Mid Cork
1060:See also
1036:knighted
657:telegram
554:Hatfield
2709:April:
2700:Appleby
2698:March:
2656:Horsham
2629:Reading
2613:Sowerby
2589:April:
2568:March:
2538:Norwich
2506:Dulwich
2500:Chorley
2489:Fareham
2430:Preston
2422:April:
2396:March:
2287:April:
2276:March:
2217:Andover
2176:March:
2125:Preston
2099:»
2093:to the
2081:«
1054:Elstree
1030:In the
992:11,160
988:Turnout
949:Liberal
837:Liberal
817:Turnout
744:Liberal
605:summons
424:Holborn
356:Speaker
314:Triumph
303:of two
280:Triumph
242:Vacancy
105:Liberal
67:
2741:July:
2717:Whitby
2715:June:
2611:July:
2595:June:
2516:Ludlow
2439:July:
2398:Galway
2304:July:
2229:Galway
2209:July:
2203:June:
2105:»
2087:«
2007:
1979:
1272:
1246:, 298.
1226:
1138:
958:5,304
928:5,856
898:Votes
892:Party
821:9,382
787:4,625
757:4,757
727:Votes
721:Party
667:Result
630:Henley
195:was a
137:49.3%
124:4,625
101:Party
2428:May:
2298:May:
2182:May:
2120:Dover
1016:Swing
995:89.3
961:47.5
933:52.5
849:Swing
842:from
824:81.5
790:49.3
762:50.7
711:Votes
501:, an
381:Slack
289:Alban
250:Gibbs
133:50.7%
120:4,757
95:Gibbs
2727:Cork
2665:1905
2525:1904
2363:1903
2300:Bury
2238:1902
2164:1901
2112:1900
2041:2011
2005:ISBN
1977:ISBN
1915:2011
1863:2011
1816:2011
1782:2011
1748:2011
1716:2011
1674:2011
1638:2011
1609:2011
1580:2011
1551:2011
1519:2011
1475:2011
1437:2011
1403:2011
1374:2011
1345:2011
1305:2011
1270:ISBN
1224:ISBN
1202:2011
1136:ISBN
1011:hold
977:5.0
974:552
840:gain
806:1.4
803:132
465:and
443:Eton
426:and
367:writ
317:and
268:1900
266:and
264:1895
260:1892
218:and
191:The
52:1906
42:1900
2408:Rye
1021:N/A
999:N/A
981:N/A
965:N/A
939:N/A
880:.
876:by
854:N/A
828:N/A
810:N/A
794:N/A
768:New
552:at
477:as
2895::
2027:.
1954:.
1934:.
1905:.
1894:^
1882:.
1853:.
1838:^
1806:.
1793:^
1772:.
1759:^
1738:.
1727:^
1706:.
1685:^
1664:.
1649:^
1628:.
1599:.
1570:.
1541:.
1530:^
1507:.
1486:^
1465:.
1448:^
1427:.
1414:^
1393:.
1364:.
1335:.
1316:^
1295:.
1284:^
1190:.
1177:^
1165:.
1150:^
1109:^
905:±%
901:%
734:±%
730:%
699:.
640:.
560:.
438:.
331:.
153:MP
2073:e
2066:t
2059:v
2043:.
2013:.
1985:.
1917:.
1865:.
1818:.
1784:.
1750:.
1718:.
1676:.
1640:.
1611:.
1582:.
1553:.
1521:.
1477:.
1439:.
1405:.
1376:.
1347:.
1307:.
1278:.
1266:9
1232:.
1204:.
1144:.
338:(
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