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Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition

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The initials of the encyclopaedia's contributors appear at the end of selected articles or at the end of a section in the case of longer articles, such as that on China, and a key is given in each volume to these initials. Some articles were written by the best-known scholars of the time, such as
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to be issued with a comprehensive index volume in which was added a categorical index, where like topics were listed. It was the first not to include long treatise-length articles. Even though the overall length of the work was about the same as that of its predecessor, the number of articles had
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to publish the 29-volume eleventh edition. Though it is generally perceived as a quintessentially British work, the eleventh edition had substantial American influences, in not only the increased amount of American and Canadian content, but also the efforts made to make it more popular. American
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does not reproduce the psychological atmosphere of its day and generation... Despite the halo of authority, and despite the scrutiny of the staff, the great bulk of the secondary articles in general psychology ... are not adapted to the requirements of the intelligent reader".
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were still in the future. They are a resource for topics omitted from modern encyclopaedias, particularly for biography and the history of science and technology. As a literary text, the encyclopaedia has value as an example of early 20th-century prose. For example, it employs
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was "characterized by misstatements, inexcusable omissions, rabid and patriotic prejudices, personal animosities, blatant errors of fact, scholastic ignorance, gross neglect of non-British culture, an astounding egotism, and an undisguised contempt for American progress".
798:" states, "Mentally the negro is inferior to the white... the arrest or even deterioration of mental development is no doubt very largely due to the fact that after puberty sexual matters take the first place in the negro's life and thoughts." The article about the 2331: 182:. It was developed during the encyclopaedia's transition from a British to an American publication. Some of its articles were written by the best-known scholars of the time. This edition of the encyclopaedia, containing 40,000 entries, has entered the 731:, stating that it is irrational to "propagate low orders of intelligence, to feed the ranks of paupers, defectives and criminals ... which to-day constitute so threatening an obstacle to racial progress". The eleventh edition has no biography of 583:
as one of the three greatest encyclopaedias. It was the last edition to be produced almost in its entirety in Britain, and its position in time as a summary of the world's knowledge just before the outbreak of World War I is particularly valuable".
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Even where the facts might still be accurate, new information, theories and perspectives developed since 1911 have substantially changed the way the same facts might be interpreted. For example, the modern interpretation of the history of the
474:. These, together with a reprint of the eleventh edition, formed the twelfth edition of the work. A similar thirteenth edition, consisting of three volumes plus a reprint of the twelfth edition, was published in 1926. The London editor was 478:, as Chisholm had died. The twelfth and thirteenth editions were closely related to the eleventh edition and shared much of the same content. However, it became increasingly apparent that a more thorough update of the work was required. 555:, known for having read the eleventh and fourteenth editions in their entirety, said he found the fourteenth edition to be a "big improvement" over the eleventh, stating that "most of the material had been completely rewritten". 191:
of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Additionally, the 11th edition has retained considerable value as a time capsule of scientific and historical information, as well as scholarly attitudes of the era immediately preceding
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and is readily available on the Internet. Its use in modern scholarship and as a reliable source has been deemed problematic due to the outdated nature of some of its content. Modern scholars have deemed some articles as
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The fourteenth edition, published in 1929, was considerably revised, with much text eliminated or abridged to make room for new topics. Nevertheless, the eleventh edition was the basis of every later version of the
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scholars and other scholars. The 1911 edition was the first edition of the encyclopaedia to include more than just a handful of female contributors, with 34 women contributing articles to the edition. These included
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is now very different from that of 1911; readers of the eleventh edition who want to know about the social customs and political life of the tribe and its warriors are told to look up the entry for their king,
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s transition to becoming a substantially American publication. In 1922, an additional three volumes (also edited by Hugh Chisholm) where published, covering the events of the intervening years, including
5135:– unedited, html version, from scan/ocr of the original text, with interactive alphabetical index, and Google translation into Spanish, Chinese, French, German, Russian, Hindi, Arabic and Portuguese. 763:, and it is therefore freely available in several more modern forms. While it may once have been a reliable description of the academic consensus of its time, many modern readers find fault with the 696:
said that the eleventh edition represented "a peak of colonial optimism before the slaughter of war" and that the edition "has acquired an almost mythic reputation among collectors".
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marketing methods also assisted sales. Some 14% of the contributors (214 of 1507) were from North America, and a New York office was established to coordinate their work.
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after the 11th edition. Initially, the eleventh edition received criticism from members of the Roman Catholic Church, who accused it of misrepresenting and being
1134: 1112: 5184: 5146:– "Containing 35,820 entries cross-referenced and cross-linked to other resources on StudyLight.org". "Copyright Statement these files are public domain". 1438:
Citing from the article on "Negro" and discussing the consequences of views such as those stated there: Brooks, Roy L., editor. "Redress for Racism?"
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to issue its reprint, with eleven additional volumes (35 volumes total) as the tenth edition, which was published in 1902. Hooper's association with
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and has been made available on the Internet. It has been used as a source by many modern projects, including Knowledge (XXG) and the
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Everything Explained That Is Explainable: On the Creation of the Encyclopaedia Britannica's Celebrated Eleventh Edition, 1910–1911
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Everything Explained That Is Explainable: On the Creation of the Encyclopaedia Britannica's Celebrated Eleventh Edition, 1910–1911
514:(attribution of human-like traits to impersonal forces or inanimate objects), which are not as common in modern reference texts. 5179: 1377: 595:(1974), wrote of the eleventh edition, "One leaps from one subject to another, fascinated as much by the play of mind and the 333:. It was the first to be published complete, instead of the previous method of volumes being released as they were ready. The 1651: 716: 1164: 612: 780: 156: 368:
and the maps became a part of this edition. Later editions only included Perthes' maps as low-quality reproductions.
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attributes the success of the United States in part to "a population mainly of good English blood and instincts".
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The eleventh edition's articles are still of value and interest to modern readers and scholars, especially as a
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The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information (11th edition)
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employed a large female editorial staff that wrote hundreds of articles for which they were not given credit.
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which assumes that information can be made memorable only when it is slightly coloured by prejudice. When
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until the completely new fifteenth edition was published in 1974, using modern information presentation.
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of their authors as by the facts and dates. It must be the last encyclopaedia in the tradition of
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11th ed. dated Cambridge November 1, 1910: with separate volumes below in several formats on the
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According to Coleman and Simmons, the content of the encyclopaedia was distributed as follows:
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Many articles are now outdated factually, in particular those concerning science, technology,
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was largely unchallenged, much of the world was still ruled by monarchs, and the tumultuous
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When Sorry Isn't Enough: The Controversy Over Apologies and Reparations for Human Injustice
611:,' he was certainly thinking of the eleventh edition." (Clark refers to Eliot's 1929 poem " 1957: 1940: 1923: 1889: 1872: 1855: 1838: 1821: 1787: 1069: 646: 623: 507: 311: 270: 59: 2359: 2348: 2263: 2246: 2229: 2212: 2195: 2178: 2161: 2144: 2127: 2110: 2093: 2059: 2042: 2025: 2008: 1991: 1974: 1906: 1804: 1770: 1753: 1465: 1404:
Chalmers, F. Graeme (1992). "The Origins of Racism in the Public School Art Curriculum".
1298:"A Voice of Our Own: 'America' and the 'Encyclopaedia Britannica' Controversy, 1911–1936" 1184: 1178: 1228: 2280: 1015: 667: 494: 429: 365: 357: 298: 565:(1966), wrote of the eleventh edition that it "was probably the finest edition of the 5168: 1639: 1616: 1586: 1581: 1550: 1530: 1500: 1470: 1258: 847: 810: 768: 634: 600: 588: 307: 220: 183: 5139: 2076: 1610: 1382: 784: 744: 712: 704: 692: 674:
and old-fashioned opinions on art, literature, and social sciences. A contemporary
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to include biographies of living people. Sixteen maps of the famous 9th edition of
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The 1911 eleventh edition was assembled with the management of American publisher
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Wallis, W. D. (1911). "Review of The Encyclopedia Britannica, Eleventh Edition".
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and subject to continual updating until publication. It was the first edition of
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in 1911, although she is mentioned briefly under the biography of her husband
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In 1917, using the pseudonym of S. S. Van Dine, the US art critic and author
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has become a commonly quoted source, both because of the reputation of the
813:, and medicine. For example, the article on the vitamin deficiency disease 522: 223:, who had edited the previous edition, was appointed editor-in-chief, with 204: 5128: 5087: 5066: 5045: 5024: 5003: 4982: 4961: 4940: 4919: 4898: 4877: 4856: 4835: 4814: 4793: 4772: 4751: 4730: 4709: 4688: 4667: 4645: 4623: 4602: 4581: 4560: 4539: 4518: 4497: 4476: 4455: 4434: 4413: 4392: 4371: 4350: 4329: 4308: 4287: 4266: 4245: 4224: 4203: 4182: 4161: 4140: 4119: 4098: 4077: 4056: 4035: 4014: 3993: 3972: 3951: 3930: 3909: 3888: 3867: 3846: 3825: 3804: 3783: 3762: 3741: 3720: 3699: 3681: 3660: 3639: 3618: 3597: 3576: 3555: 3534: 3513: 3492: 3471: 3450: 3429: 3408: 3387: 3366: 3345: 3324: 3303: 3282: 3261: 3240: 3219: 3201: 3183: 3162: 3141: 3120: 3099: 3078: 3057: 3036: 3015: 2994: 2973: 2952: 2931: 2910: 2889: 2868: 2847: 2826: 2805: 2784: 2763: 2742: 2721: 2700: 2679: 2658: 2637: 2616: 2595: 2574: 2553: 2532: 2511: 2490: 2469: 2448: 2427: 831: 814: 728: 329:
The eleventh edition introduced a number of changes of the format of the
1595:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 344. 1321: 1297: 2406: 1625:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 845. 1565:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 644. 1425: 1359: 1272: 818: 395: 1682: 772: 700: 5110: 1729: 1554: 1417: 1351: 1212: 1091:. Subtitled: "Readings from the Illustrious Eleventh Edition of the 626:
criticised the eleventh edition for inaccuracies in articles on the
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are working on producing a complete electronic edition of the 1911
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increased from 17,000 to 40,000. It was also the first edition of
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Karten aus Stielers Hand-Atlas in der "Encyclopaedia Britannica".
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A Position to Command Respect: Women and the Eleventh Britannica
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Anglo-American General Encyclopedias: A Historical Bibliography
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The preceding links adopt the spellings used in the target.
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as protecting the white race and restoring order to the
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Originally, Hooper bought the rights to the 25-volume
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to professors criticised the 11th edition for having
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wrote 'Soul curled up on the window seat reading the
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were exclusively translated to English, converted to
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University of Illinois Press: 37–58. 817:speculates that it is caused by a fungus, 33: 878:'s offerings are summarized below in the 35:Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition 1087:(1994), edited by Alexander Coleman and 794:s articles. For example, the entry for " 521: 373: 157:Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition 5175:Editions of the Encyclopædia Britannica 1133:Stewart, Donald E. (October 20, 2020). 920: 821:not having been discovered at the time. 140:Twelfth Edition (supplementary update), 544:eleventh edition. Wright claimed that 1696:Free, public-domain sources for 1911 1371: 1369: 1291: 1289: 645:was censored under pressure from the 7: 5185:Reference works in the public domain 2150:Sainte-Claire Deville, Étienne Henri 1612:"American War of Independence"  234:and persuaded the British newspaper 879: 569:ever issued, and it ranks with the 462:of Chicago in 1920, completing the 227:as his principal assistant editor. 5158:of the University of Pennsylvania. 144:Fourteenth Edition (full revision) 25: 2384:As of 16 December 2014 1376:Pederson, Nate (April 10, 2012). 633:English writer and former priest 4829:Lefebvre, Pierre François Joseph 1730:Internet Archive – Text Archives 1442:, NYU Press, 1999, pp. 395–398. 1183:. New York: BasicBooks. p.  1159: 40: 870:is the eleventh edition of the 2382:Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia 2138:Sainte-Beuve, Charles Augustin 1895:Edwardes, Sir Herbert Benjamin 1340:American Journal of Psychology 867:Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia 859:Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia 852:Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia 1: 3769:Evangelical Church Conference 1912:Evangelical Church Conference 1296:Lombardo, Michael F. (2009). 846:and because it is now in the 5141:1911 Encyclopedia Britannica 5130:Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 4504:Independence, Declaration of 18:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica 2065:Mun, Adrien Albert Marie de 1450:. Accessed August 17, 2020. 775:remarks, and other issues: 451: 443: 433: 423: 415: 407: 399: 389: 5211: 5195:20th-century encyclopedias 5190:1911 in the United Kingdom 2167:Shuválov, Peter Andreivich 992:Boyles (2016), p. 242 800:American Revolutionary War 767:for several major errors, 735:, despite her winning the 725:the "Civilization" article 682:, wrote in 1912, "the new 460:Sears, Roebuck and Company 458:Hooper sold the rights to 320:Harriette Lombard Hennessy 316:Constance Jocelyn Ffoulkes 263:Algernon Charles Swinburne 246:Cambridge University Press 2381: 1728: 1302:American Catholic Studies 1237:10.1126/science.35.888.29 1137:. Encyclopædia Britannica 1135:"Encyclopædia Britannica" 779:Contemporary opinions of 666:Authorities ranging from 532:Willard Huntington Wright 39: 4884:Lightfoot, Joseph Barber 1934:Gibson, William Hamilton 1406:Studies in Art Education 1051:Cartographica Helvetica. 1013:Thomas, Gillian (1992). 932:. Knopf. pp. xi–x. 884:Distributed Proofreaders 838:The eleventh edition of 741:Nobel Prize in Chemistry 651:biased against Catholics 593:Another Part of the Wood 396:Pure and applied science 324:Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick 283:William Michael Rossetti 142:Encyclopædia Britannica 138:Encyclopædia Britannica 124:Encyclopædia Britannica 5120:Encyclopædia Britannica 5118:Other sources for 1911 4512:Indo-European Languages 3756:Evangelical Association 1900:Evangelical Association 1883:Edward the Black Prince 1716:Encyclopædia Britannica 1698:Encyclopædia Britannica 1663:American Anthropologist 1622:Encyclopædia Britannica 1592:Encyclopædia Britannica 1562:Encyclopædia Britannica 1536:Encyclopædia Britannica 1506:Encyclopædia Britannica 1491:Fleming, Walter Lynwood 1476:Encyclopædia Britannica 1461:Fleming, Walter Lynwood 1177:Woodall, James (1996). 1093:Encyclopædia Britannica 908:New American Cyclopedia 888:Encyclopædia Britannica 872:Encyclopædia Britannica 840:Encyclopædia Britannica 707:. The eleventh edition 622:In 1912, mathematician 609:Encyclopædia Britannica 542:Encyclopædia Britannica 484:Encyclopædia Britannica 209:Encyclopædia Britannica 179:Encyclopædia Britannica 172:Encyclopædia Britannica 48:Encyclopædia Britannica 5180:1911 non-fiction books 5111:Flash reader (Empanel) 4997:Magnetism, Terrestrial 4850:Letronne, Jean Antoine 4554:Ireland, William Henry 4134:Gordon, Charles George 3861:Foraker, Joseph Henson 3777:Fairbairn, Sir William 3064:Chicago, University of 1827:Calhoun, John Caldwell 1156:Misinforming a Nation. 1068:July 29, 2016, at the 928:Boyles, Denis (2016). 737:Nobel Prize in Physics 628:history of mathematics 571: 527: 225:Walter Alison Phillips 212: 4575:Isabey, Jean Baptiste 3226:Constantine Pavlovich 3156:Columbus, Christopher 2349:Reader's Guide – 1913 2332:Volume 3 of 1926 supp 2315:Volume 2 of 1926 supp 2298:Volume 1 of 1926 supp 2286:Pacific Ocean Islands 2281:Volume 3 of 1922 supp 2264:Volume 2 of 1922 supp 2247:Volume 1 of 1922 supp 1946:Gichtel, Johann Georg 1861:Constantine Pavlovich 1556:"Curie, Pierre"  1521:Williams, Henry Smith 901:Catholic Encyclopedia 647:Roman Catholic Church 573:Enciclopedia Italiana 537:Misinforming a Nation 525: 217:Horace Everett Hooper 207: 88:Horace Everett Hooper 5113:with full-page scans 4800:Lamennais, Robert de 3190:Conduction, Electric 2240:List of contributors 2070:Oddfellows, Order of 1526:"Civilization"  1496:"Ku Klux Klan"  1085:All There is to Know 787:are included in the 497:was at its maximum, 4386:Hortensius, Quintus 4147:Gordon, Lord George 1733:Individual Volumes 1577:Joyce, Thomas Athol 1267:. Haldeman-Julius. 1229:1912Sci....35...29K 680:Edward B. Titchener 279:James Hopwood Jeans 36: 5133:, www.theodora.com 4842:Lefebvre, Tanneguy 4008:Gaskell, Elizabeth 3790:Fairbanks, Erastus 2434:Andros, Sir Edmund 2269:English Literature 2087:Payment of members 1776:Andros, Sir Edmund 952:S. Padraig Walsh, 721:American Civil War 615:".) It was one of 528: 353:Stielers Handatlas 213: 189:cultural artifacts 50:, Eleventh Edition 46:First page of the 27:1910 encyclopaedia 5156:Online Books Page 5107: 5106: 4989:McKinley, William 4210:Groups, Theory of 3958:French Literature 3924:Francis Joseph I. 2812:Bradford, William 2547:Arundel, Earls of 2373:Project Gutenberg 2369: 2368: 2121:Reeves, John Sims 1466:"Lynch Law"  876:Project Gutenberg 617:Jorge Luis Borges 491:cultural artifact 456: 455: 304:Adelaide Anderson 287:Ernest Rutherford 167: 166: 115:Print and digital 104:Publication place 16:(Redirected from 5202: 5145: 5144:, StudyLight.org 5134: 4947:Lord Chamberlain 4808:Latini, Brunetto 4588:Isabnormal Lines 4344:Hindu Chronology 4252:Haller, Albrecht 4021:Gassendi, Pierre 3706:English Language 3310:Coucy-le-Château 2938:Carnegie, Andrew 2820:Brequigny, Louis 2791:Borgia, Lucrezia 2379: 2360:Year-Book – 1913 2223:Zymotic diseases 2031:Lord Chamberlain 1917:Francis Joseph I 1726: 1720:Internet Archive 1686: 1627: 1626: 1614: 1603: 1597: 1596: 1584: 1573: 1567: 1566: 1558: 1547: 1541: 1540: 1528: 1517: 1511: 1510: 1498: 1487: 1481: 1480: 1468: 1457: 1451: 1436: 1430: 1429: 1401: 1395: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1373: 1364: 1363: 1332: 1326: 1325: 1293: 1284: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1255: 1249: 1248: 1209:Karpinski, L. 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(1911). 1551:Chisholm, Hugh 1542: 1531:Chisholm, Hugh 1512: 1501:Chisholm, Hugh 1482: 1471:Chisholm, Hugh 1452: 1448:j.ctt9qg0xt.75 1431: 1412:(3): 134–143. 1396: 1365: 1327: 1285: 1250: 1223:(888): 29–31. 1200: 1193: 1180:Borges: A Life 1169: 1148: 1125: 1104: 1074: 1038: 1031: 996: 984: 958: 945: 938: 919: 918: 916: 913: 912: 911: 904: 895: 892: 880:External links 861: 856: 836: 835: 822: 803: 756: 753: 717:American South 668:Virginia Woolf 597:idiosyncrasies 519: 516: 495:British Empire 454: 453: 450: 446: 445: 442: 436: 435: 432: 430:Social science 426: 425: 422: 418: 417: 414: 410: 409: 406: 402: 401: 398: 392: 391: 388: 382: 381: 378: 366:Justus Perthes 364:, Germany, by 358:imperial units 299:British Museum 201: 198: 165: 164: 153: 149: 148: 135: 131: 130: 121: 117: 116: 113: 109: 108: 105: 101: 100: 97: 94: 91: 90: 85: 81: 80: 77: 73: 72: 69: 67:Release number 66: 63: 62: 57: 53: 52: 45: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5207: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 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Edward 4735: 4732: 4729: 4728: 4725: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4716:Justinian II. 4714: 4711: 4708: 4707: 4704: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4690: 4687: 4686: 4683: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4669: 4666: 4665: 4662: 4659: 4656: 4653: 4650: 4647: 4644: 4643: 4639: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4621: 4618: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4604: 4601: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4583: 4580: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4562: 4559: 4558: 4555: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4517: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4495: 4492: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4478: 4475: 4474: 4471: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4453: 4450: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4429: 4428:Hurstmonceaux 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4415: 4412: 4411: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4387: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4373: 4370: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4327: 4324: 4321: 4318: 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1808: 1806: 1803: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1731: 1727: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1657: 1656:online review 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1640:Boyles, Denis 1638: 1637: 1633: 1624: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1607:Hannay, David 1602: 1599: 1594: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1582:"Negro"  1578: 1572: 1569: 1564: 1563: 1557: 1552: 1546: 1543: 1538: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1516: 1513: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1486: 1483: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1456: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1435: 1432: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1400: 1397: 1385: 1384: 1379: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1336:Titchener, EB 1331: 1328: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1265: 1260: 1254: 1251: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1204: 1201: 1196: 1194:0-465-04361-5 1190: 1186: 1182: 1181: 1173: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1149: 1136: 1129: 1126: 1114: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1101:0-671-76747-X 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1042: 1039: 1034: 1032:0-8108-2567-8 1028: 1024: 1019: 1018: 1009: 1007: 1005: 1003: 1001: 997: 993: 988: 985: 972: 968: 962: 959: 956:(1968), p. 49 955: 949: 946: 941: 939:9780307269171 935: 931: 924: 921: 914: 910: 909: 905: 903: 902: 898: 897: 893: 891: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 868: 860: 857: 855: 853: 849: 848:public domain 845: 841: 833: 828: 823: 820: 816: 812: 811:municipal law 808: 807:international 804: 801: 797: 790: 786: 782: 778: 777: 776: 774: 770: 766: 762: 755:Public domain 754: 752: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 709:characterises 706: 702: 697: 695: 694: 688: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 664: 662: 661: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 635:Joseph McCabe 631: 629: 625: 620: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 589:Kenneth Clark 585: 582: 581: 575: 574: 568: 564: 560: 556: 554: 550: 547: 543: 539: 538: 533: 524: 517: 515: 513: 509: 504: 500: 496: 492: 487: 485: 479: 477: 473: 465: 461: 448: 447: 441: 438: 437: 431: 428: 427: 420: 419: 412: 411: 404: 403: 397: 394: 393: 387: 384: 383: 379: 376: 375: 372: 369: 367: 363: 360:, printed in 359: 355: 354: 349: 344: 340: 339:galley proofs 336: 332: 327: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 308:Gertrude Bell 305: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 250: 247: 243: 239: 238: 233: 228: 226: 222: 221:Hugh Chisholm 218: 210: 206: 199: 197: 195: 190: 185: 184:public domain 181: 180: 175: 173: 163: 159: 158: 154: 150: 147: 143: 139: 136: 132: 129: 126:Tenth Edition 125: 122: 118: 114: 110: 107:United States 106: 102: 98: 92: 89: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 64: 61: 58: 54: 49: 43: 38: 32: 30: 19: 5161: 5150: 5140: 5129: 5119: 5101: 5093: 5080: 5072: 5059: 5051: 5038: 5030: 5017: 5009: 4996: 4988: 4975: 4968:Luray Cavern 4967: 4954: 4946: 4933: 4925: 4912: 4905:Liquid Gases 4904: 4891: 4883: 4870: 4862: 4849: 4841: 4828: 4820: 4807: 4799: 4786: 4778: 4765: 4757: 4744: 4736: 4723: 4715: 4703:Justinian I. 4702: 4694: 4681: 4673: 4660: 4651: 4637: 4629: 4616: 4608: 4595: 4587: 4574: 4566: 4553: 4546:Inscriptions 4545: 4532: 4524: 4511: 4503: 4491:Independence 4490: 4482: 4469: 4461: 4448: 4440: 4427: 4420:Hudson River 4419: 4406: 4399:Horticulture 4398: 4385: 4378:Home, Daniel 4377: 4364: 4356: 4343: 4335: 4322: 4314: 4301: 4293: 4280: 4272: 4259: 4251: 4238: 4230: 4217: 4209: 4196: 4188: 4175: 4167: 4154: 4146: 4133: 4125: 4112: 4104: 4091: 4083: 4070: 4062: 4049: 4041: 4028: 4020: 4007: 3999: 3986: 3978: 3965: 3957: 3944: 3937:Franciscians 3936: 3923: 3915: 3902: 3894: 3881: 3874:Foraminifera 3873: 3860: 3852: 3839: 3831: 3818: 3810: 3797: 3789: 3776: 3768: 3755: 3747: 3734: 3726: 3713: 3705: 3687: 3674: 3666: 3653: 3645: 3633:Electroscope 3632: 3624: 3611: 3603: 3590: 3582: 3569: 3561: 3548: 3540: 3527: 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1894: 1882: 1877: 1865: 1860: 1848: 1843: 1831: 1826: 1814: 1809: 1797: 1792: 1780: 1775: 1763: 1758: 1746: 1741: 1715: 1697: 1666: 1662: 1643: 1621: 1620: 1601: 1591: 1590: 1571: 1561: 1560: 1545: 1535: 1534: 1515: 1505: 1504: 1485: 1475: 1474: 1455: 1439: 1434: 1409: 1405: 1399: 1387:. Retrieved 1383:The Guardian 1381: 1343: 1339: 1330: 1305: 1301: 1276:. Retrieved 1263: 1253: 1220: 1216: 1203: 1179: 1172: 1155: 1151: 1139:. Retrieved 1128: 1116:. Retrieved 1107: 1092: 1084: 1050: 1046: 1041: 1016: 987: 975:. Retrieved 973:. AuctionZip 970: 967:"AuctionZip" 961: 953: 948: 929: 923: 906: 899: 887: 871: 866: 865: 863: 858: 851: 843: 839: 837: 789:Encyclopædia 788: 769:ethnocentric 765:Encyclopedia 764: 758: 748: 745:Pierre Curie 713:Ku Klux Klan 705:antisemitism 698: 693:The Guardian 691: 689: 683: 665: 658: 642: 641:(1947) that 638: 632: 621: 608: 592: 586: 578: 566: 562: 557: 551: 545: 541: 535: 529: 488: 483: 480: 463: 457: 370: 351: 347: 342: 337:was kept in 330: 328: 275:T. H. Huxley 255:Edmund Gosse 251: 241: 235: 229: 214: 208: 177: 171: 170: 168: 155: 145: 141: 137: 127: 123: 47: 31: 29: 5102:Mecklenburg 5090::   5088:Volume 17.8 5069::   5067:Volume 17.7 5048::   5046:Volume 17.6 5039:Map, Walter 5027::   5025:Volume 17.5 5006::   5004:Volume 17.4 4985::   4983:Volume 17.3 4964::   4962:Volume 17.2 4943::   4941:Volume 17.1 4922::   4920:Volume 16.8 4901::   4899:Volume 16.7 4892:Liquidation 4880::   4878:Volume 16.6 4859::   4857:Volume 16.5 4838::   4836:Volume 16.4 4817::   4815:Volume 16.3 4796::   4794:Volume 16.2 4775::   4773:Volume 16.1 4758:Kite-flying 4754::   4752:Volume 15.8 4733::   4731:Volume 15.7 4712::   4710:Volume 15.6 4691::   4689:Volume 15.5 4670::   4668:Volume 15.4 4648::   4646:Volume 15.3 4626::   4624:Volume 15.2 4605::   4603:Volume 15.1 4584::   4582:Volume 14.8 4563::   4561:Volume 14.7 4542::   4540:Volume 14.6 4521::   4519:Volume 14.5 4500::   4498:Volume 14.4 4483:Ichthyology 4479::   4477:Volume 14.3 4470:Ichnography 4458::   4456:Volume 14.2 4437::   4435:Volume 14.1 4416::   4414:Volume 13.8 4395::   4393:Volume 13.7 4374::   4372:Volume 13.6 4353::   4351:Volume 13.5 4332::   4330:Volume 13.4 4311::   4309:Volume 13.3 4290::   4288:Volume 13.2 4269::   4267:Volume 13.1 4248::   4246:Volume 12.8 4227::   4225:Volume 12.7 4206::   4204:Volume 12.6 4185::   4183:Volume 12.5 4168:Grasshopper 4164::   4162:Volume 12.4 4143::   4141:Volume 12.3 4122::   4120:Volume 12.2 4101::   4099:Volume 12.1 4080::   4078:Volume 11.8 4059::   4057:Volume 11.7 4038::   4036:Volume 11.6 4017::   4015:Volume 11.5 3996::   3994:Volume 11.4 3975::   3973:Volume 11.3 3954::   3952:Volume 11.2 3933::   3931:Volume 11.1 3912::   3910:Volume 10.8 3895:Fox, George 3891::   3889:Volume 10.7 3882:Fox, Edward 3870::   3868:Volume 10.6 3849::   3847:Volume 10.5 3828::   3826:Volume 10.4 3807::   3805:Volume 10.3 3786::   3784:Volume 10.2 3765::   3763:Volume 10.1 3744::   3723::   3714:Epsom Salts 3702::   3684::   3663::   3642::   3621::   3600::   3583:Echinoderma 3579::   3577:Volume 8.10 3558::   3537::   3516::   3495::   3474::   3453::   3436:Destructors 3432::   3411::   3390::   3388:Volume 7.10 3369::   3348::   3327::   3306::   3285::   3264::   3243::   3222::   3204::   3186::   3177:Condottiere 3165::   3144::   3123::   3106:Cincinnatus 3102::   3081::   3060::   3039::   3018::   3001:Cerargyrite 2997::   2976::   2955::   2946:Casus Belli 2934::   2913::   2904:Cape Colony 2892::   2871::   2850::   2829::   2707:Bent, James 2623:Baconthorpe 2476:Apollodorus 2274:Oyama, Iwao 2099:Payn, James 2036:Mecklenburg 1929:Franciscans 1849:Constantine 1308:(4): 1–28. 1061:, S. 27–34 733:Marie Curie 727:argues for 678:professor, 637:claimed in 605:T. S. Eliot 499:imperialism 476:J.L. Garvin 472:World War I 449:Philosophy 413:Literature 295:9th edition 232:9th edition 194:World War I 5169:Categories 4449:Hydrolysis 4407:Hudson Bay 4029:Geocentric 3742:Volume 9.8 3721:Volume 9.7 3700:Volume 9.6 3682:Volume 9.5 3661:Volume 9.4 3640:Volume 9.3 3619:Volume 9.2 3598:Volume 9.1 3556:Volume 8.9 3535:Volume 8.8 3514:Volume 8.7 3493:Volume 8.6 3472:Volume 8.5 3451:Volume 8.4 3430:Volume 8.3 3423:Destructor 3409:Volume 8.2 3367:Volume 7.9 3346:Volume 7.8 3325:Volume 7.7 3304:Volume 7.6 3283:Volume 7.5 3262:Volume 7.4 3247:Convention 3241:Volume 7.3 3234:Convention 3220:Volume 7.2 3202:Volume 7.1 3184:Volume 6.8 3163:Volume 6.7 3142:Volume 6.6 3121:Volume 6.5 3100:Volume 6.4 3093:Cincinnati 3079:Volume 6.3 3058:Volume 6.2 3037:Volume 6.1 3030:Chatelaine 3016:Volume 5.8 2995:Volume 5.7 2974:Volume 5.6 2953:Volume 5.5 2932:Volume 5.4 2911:Volume 5.3 2890:Volume 5.2 2869:Volume 5.1 2848:Volume 4.6 2827:Volume 4.5 2806:Volume 4.4 2785:Volume 4.3 2764:Volume 4.2 2743:Volume 4.1 2722:Volume 3.7 2701:Volume 3.6 2680:Volume 3.5 2659:Volume 3.4 2638:Volume 3.3 2631:Bankruptcy 2617:Volume 3.2 2596:Volume 3.1 2581:Atherstone 2575:Volume 2.8 2554:Volume 2.7 2533:Volume 2.6 2512:Volume 2.5 2491:Volume 2.4 2470:Volume 2.3 2449:Volume 2.2 2428:Volume 2.1 2421:Androphagi 2342:Zuyder Zee 1832:Chatelaine 1764:Androphagi 1707:HathiTrust 1652:0307269175 1273:B0007FFJF4 1118:August 29, 1095:". p. 32. 971:AuctionZip 915:References 844:Britannica 749:Britannica 719:after the 684:Britannica 643:Britannica 567:Britannica 546:Britannica 534:published 510:, such as 503:world wars 464:Britannica 440:Psychology 348:Britannica 343:Britannica 335:print type 331:Britannica 259:J. B. Bury 200:Background 162:Wikisource 5081:Matteawan 5010:Magnetite 4926:Logarithm 4630:Jacobites 4323:Hernosand 4260:Harmonium 4189:Greek Law 4063:Geoponici 3819:Finistère 3486:Dodsworth 3465:Dinarchus 3394:David, St 3318:Crocodile 3255:Copyright 3208:Prependix 3148:Cockaigne 2925:Carneades 2917:Capefigue 2833:Bréquigny 2808::   2787::   2766::   2745::   2736:Bisectrix 2724::   2703::   2682::   2661::   2640::   2619::   2598::   2577::   2556::   2535::   2514::   2493::   2472::   2451::   2430::   2230:Volume 29 2213:Volume 28 2196:Volume 27 2179:Volume 26 2162:Volume 25 2145:Volume 24 2133:Refectory 2128:Volume 23 2111:Volume 22 2094:Volume 21 2077:Volume 20 2060:Volume 19 2043:Volume 18 2026:Volume 17 2009:Volume 16 1992:Volume 15 1975:Volume 14 1958:Volume 13 1951:Harmonium 1941:Volume 12 1924:Volume 11 1907:Volume 10 1798:Bisectrix 1675:0002-7294 1389:April 28, 1314:2161-8542 1259:McCabe, J 1165:Chapter 1 1141:March 30, 1059:1015-8480 827:Visigoths 785:ethnicity 761:copyright 672:bourgeois 657:magazine 655:Christian 421:Fine art 386:Geography 267:John Muir 242:The Times 237:The Times 99:1910–1911 84:Publisher 4533:Insanity 4357:Hinduism 4050:Geometry 3748:Ethiopia 3727:Equation 3604:Edwardes 3457:Diameter 3444:Diameter 3415:Demijohn 3331:Crocoite 3268:Coquelin 3169:Columbus 3127:Clervaux 3114:Cleruchy 3043:Châtelet 2988:Ceramics 2854:Bulgaria 2841:Bulgaria 2749:Bisharin 2715:Bibirine 2407:Volume 1 2206:Vesuvius 2201:Tonalite 1890:Volume 9 1878:Demijohn 1873:Volume 8 1856:Volume 7 1844:Châtelet 1839:Volume 6 1822:Volume 5 1810:Bisharin 1805:Volume 4 1788:Volume 3 1771:Volume 2 1754:Volume 1 1646:(2016), 1609:(1911). 1579:(1911). 1523:(1911). 1493:(1911). 1463:(1911). 1322:44195256 1278:June 30, 1261:(1947). 1245:17752897 1211:(1912). 1066:Archived 977:April 4, 894:See also 832:Alaric I 819:vitamins 815:beriberi 729:eugenics 577:and the 405:History 380:Content 377:Subject 56:Language 5154:at the 4766:Kyshtym 4661:Jeveros 4654:(part) 4640:(part) 4567:Ireland 4441:Husband 4302:Helmond 4294:Hearing 4273:Harmony 4231:Gyantse 4218:Gwyniad 4155:Grasses 4084:Germany 4071:Germany 4042:Geodesy 3987:Fyzabad 3832:Finland 3667:England 3570:Echidna 3499:Dodwell 3402:Demidov 3373:Dagupan 3276:Costume 3135:Cockade 3085:Chitral 3051:Chicago 3022:Chariot 2896:Camorra 2883:Camoens 2875:Calhoun 2862:Calgary 2770:Bohemia 2652:Bassoon 2589:Austria 2505:Arcueil 2389:Section 2337:Pacific 2291:Zuloaga 2189:Tom-Tom 2155:Shuttle 2002:Kyshtym 1980:Husband 1963:Harmony 1866:Demidov 1815:Calgary 1781:Austria 1714:to the 1619:(ed.). 1589:(ed.). 1533:(ed.). 1503:(ed.). 1473:(ed.). 1426:1320895 1360:1413113 1225:Bibcode 1217:Science 676:Cornell 660:America 613:Animula 601:Diderot 518:Reviews 79:General 76:Subject 5094:Matter 4955:Luqmān 4863:Letter 4695:Joints 4596:Italic 4525:Indole 4281:Heanor 4239:Hallel 3916:France 3903:France 3735:Ethics 3591:Edward 3549:Dyeing 3541:Dubner 3528:Dublin 3478:Dinard 3289:Cosway 3072:Chiton 2686:Bedlam 2568:Athens 2518:Arculf 2463:Apollo 1985:Italic 1738:Volume 1683:659453 1681:  1673:  1650:  1446:  1424:  1358:  1320:  1312:  1271:  1243:  1191:  1158:1917. 1099:  1063:online 1057:  1029:  936:  773:racist 747:. The 703:, and 701:sexism 580:Espasa 493:: the 322:, and 146:  128:  5031:Malta 4913:Logar 4724:Kells 4682:Joint 4652:Japan 4638:Japan 4609:Italy 4126:Gloss 4113:Glory 3979:Frost 3654:Engis 3520:Drama 3507:Drama 3381:David 3297:Coucy 2757:Bohea 2728:Bible 2644:Banks 2610:Bacon 2455:Anjar 2442:Anise 2325:Oyama 2320:Fabre 2235:Index 2218:Vetch 2104:Polka 2053:Mumps 2048:Medal 1997:Italy 1679:JSTOR 1615:. In 1585:. In 1529:. In 1499:. In 1469:. In 1444:JSTOR 1422:JSTOR 1356:JSTOR 1318:JSTOR 796:Negro 792:' 591:, in 561:, in 467:' 452:0.8% 444:1.7% 362:Gotha 5122:text 5073:Mars 5060:Mars 5018:Malt 4745:Kite 4336:Hero 3798:Fens 3625:Ehud 3562:Dyer 3352:Cube 3339:Cuba 2967:Celt 2484:Aral 2393:From 2252:Abbe 2116:Poll 1742:From 1705:via 1700:text 1671:ISSN 1648:ISBN 1391:2021 1310:ISSN 1280:2011 1269:ASIN 1241:PMID 1189:ISBN 1143:2021 1120:2016 1097:ISBN 1055:ISSN 1049:In: 1027:ISBN 979:2020 934:ISBN 864:The 809:and 783:and 781:race 771:and 711:the 587:Sir 416:11% 408:17% 400:17% 390:29% 289:and 281:and 169:The 152:Text 5052:Map 2959:Cat 2308:Eye 2082:Ode 1414:doi 1348:doi 1306:120 1233:doi 434:7% 424:9% 160:at 5171:: 2400:To 1747:To 1677:. 1667:13 1665:. 1654:, 1642:. 1559:. 1420:. 1410:33 1408:. 1380:. 1368:^ 1354:. 1344:23 1342:. 1316:. 1304:. 1300:. 1288:^ 1239:. 1231:. 1221:35 1219:. 1215:. 1187:. 1185:76 1077:^ 1025:. 999:^ 969:. 890:. 854:. 663:. 326:. 318:, 314:, 310:, 306:, 277:, 273:, 269:, 265:, 261:, 257:, 219:. 196:. 71:11 4779:L 4000:G 2413:A 2014:L 1759:A 1722:: 1685:. 1428:. 1416:: 1393:. 1362:. 1350:: 1324:. 1282:. 1247:. 1235:: 1227:: 1197:. 1167:. 1145:. 1122:. 1072:. 1035:. 994:. 981:. 942:. 834:. 20:)

Index

1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
The Encyclopædia Britannica, a dictionary of arts, science, literature and general information, eleventh edition.
British English
Horace Everett Hooper
Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition
Wikisource
Encyclopædia Britannica
public domain
cultural artifacts
World War I

Horace Everett Hooper
Hugh Chisholm
Walter Alison Phillips
9th edition
The Times
Cambridge University Press
Edmund Gosse
J. B. Bury
Algernon Charles Swinburne
John Muir
Peter Kropotkin
T. H. Huxley
James Hopwood Jeans
William Michael Rossetti
Ernest Rutherford
Bertrand Russell
9th edition
British Museum
Adelaide Anderson

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