1288:
305:
6155:
186:
168:
120:
1524:
1037:
891:
839:, as Minister of the Navy. Although the Savior Officers had succeeded in making sure that the Great Cabinet was free of CUP members, the CUP's domination of the Chamber of Deputies had not changed. Soon, however, rumors began to circulate that the government would dissolve the Chamber of Deputies and call new elections. The rumors were confirmed when, a few days after Ahmed Muhtar Pasha took office, the Savior Officers sent another memorandum, this time to the President of the Chamber of Deputies (and CUP member),
29:
156:
147:
138:
109:
5816:
1201:, Nazım Pasha angrily shouted at the men, "What is going on? You came to raid the grand vizier's office?", using "ill-mannered" profanities in his rage, after which Enver Bey saluted him and tried to explain his intentions. At this time Yakub Cemil, approaching Nazım Pasha from the back while he was engaged with Enver Bey and the rest of the coup party, fired his gun at Nazım Pasha's right temple, killing him.
1017:. During the more than four years since, Kâmil Pasha had made a series of efforts to keep CUP members far from government and keep the army, which had many CUP members among its ranks, out of politics. By January 1913, the CUP was thoroughly frustrated with Kâmil Pasha and Freedom and Accord. Although the coup was to be a surprise attack, the CUP had made definitive decisions to carry it out far in advance.
179:
907:
6108:
1435:. When one of Nazım Pasha's relatives assassinated him in revenge in June 1913, the CUP used the opportunity to crack down on the opposition. Twelve men held responsible by the CUP for Mahmud Shevket Pasha's death, including Nazım Pasha's relative, were convicted for murder and hanged. The opposition parties, already sidelined by the coup, were heavily repressed by the CUP. The leaders of the
5804:
808:
1231:
1114:
1180:
An aid-de-camp and nephew of Nazım Pasha, Kıbrıslı Tevfik Bey, had also drawn his revolver and fired at the raid party, his bullet also striking
Mustafa Necip. After the raiders returned fire, Kıbrıslı Tevfik Bey was instantly killed. During the shooting, a secret police agent and an attendant of the
1641:
Rémond said that preventing the minimalist coup would have taken at most 50 guards, and that the only reason that the
Sublime Porte had been defenseless was because Kâmil Pasha wanted to call the bluff of any real threat the CUP, which he had sidelined politically, posed to his government. After the
775:
Angered at their loss in the election, the leadership of
Freedom and Accord sought extra-legal methods to regain power over the CUP, complaining vocally about electoral fraud. At around this time, a group of military officers, uncomfortable with injustices it perceived within the military, organized
771:
and violence in favor of the CUP. The fraud included early balloting, secret counting and reporting of votes, ballot stuffing, reapportioning electoral districts, and more, although the CUP still enjoyed genuine support outside of the cities. The results of the elections had CUP win 269 of 275 seats
1507:
After the coup, the CUP became increasingly nationalist and intolerant of opposition after seeing significant resistance from more liberal
Ottoman parties like Freedom and Accord, as well as rebellions and wars against the Ottoman government from non-Muslim nationalities in the Empire, such as the
1215:
had been allowed to go unhurt proved that the coup leaders had desired to avoid bloodshed, since Ahmet Reşit was much more hostile towards the CUP than Nazım Pasha was. Because the CUP had favored Nazım Pasha and had claimed to offer him a role as grand vizier for a future CUP cabinet before they
1204:
Another account claimed that Enver Bey had tried to stop Yakup Cemil from killing Nazım Pasha, but Yakup Cemil had refused to listen. Yet another version of events held that either Enver Bey or Talaat Bey had accidentally killed Nazım Pasha while trying to protect themselves from gunfire from his
1144:
were already provoking a crowd that had gathered by loudly proclaiming that Kâmil Pasha was about to cede
Adrianople to the Bulgarians. The speeches made by Ömer Naci and Ömer Seyfettin were effective, and the front of the Sublime Porte was soon filled with a crowd shouting slogans against Kâmil
1620:
The public support for the coup was questioned at the time by analysts, some of whom reported that the CUP was backed by only a small crowd of actual citizens who had been gathered only within the hour by provocative speeches made by CUP members. Eyewitnesses and newspapers reported very little
1176:
to the Grand Vizier, Ohrili Nâfiz Bey, heard the commotion and opened fire on the raid party but was unable to hit any of them. Himself wounded in the exchange, Ohrili Nâfiz Bey hid in the aide-de-camp office; when
Mustafa Necip entered the office, Ohrili Nâfiz Bey shot and killed him but died
926:
Using his friendly relations with the
British, Kâmil Pasha also sat down to end the ongoing First Balkan War diplomatically. However, the heavy Ottoman military defeats during the war continued to sap morale, as rumors that the capital would have to be moved from Constantinople to inland
743:
conducted in
Constantinople by one vote. The ruling CUP, seeing the potential of Freedom and Accord to win next year's general elections, took several precautions. Hoping to thwart the nascent Freedom and Accord's efforts to grow its ranks and better organize itself, the CUP asked Sultan
1559:
that would betray the
Ottoman cause after World War I with nearby Russia broke out; these factions gained more power after the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état. The first major offensive the Turks undertook in World War I was an unsuccessful attempt to drive the Russians from the portion of
1499:
in the Empire; the rival Young Turks party, Freedom and Accord, would not regain power until the end of the war. The coup is considered one of the first violent coups d'état to take place in modern
Turkish history, seen as some as establishing a precedent for future coups in the
1535:
The CUP government introduced several political and military reforms to the empire, including increasing centralization and carrying out military modernization efforts. Under coup leader Enver Bey (later Pasha), the Ottoman Empire moved towards a closer relationship with the
1318:
to overthrow a government, but it was impossible to wait; a delay of a few hours, and the country would have been shamefully delivered to the enemy; our army has never been stronger, and I really see no reason that compels us to capitulate to such monstrous
1008:
Left with little political power and flexibility, the CUP began to plan a coup against Kâmil Pasha's Freedom and Accord government. In addition, an animosity had already been brewing between Kâmil Pasha and the CUP since the 1908
5476:
1255:
Ahali ve cihet-i askeriyeden vuku bulan teklif üzerine huzur-ı şahanelerine istifanâme-i acizanemin arzına mecbur olduğum muhat-i ilm-i âlî buyuruldukta ol babda ve katibe-i ahvalde emr-ü ferman hazret-i veliyyü'l-emr
784:) and made their presence known to the imperial government. The Savior Officers, quickly becoming partisans of Freedom and Accord, soon created unrest in the capital Constantinople. After gaining the support of Prince
739:(Liberal Union/Entente) was founded on 21 November 1911 by those in opposition to the CUP, and immediately attracted 70 Deputies to its ranks. Only 20 days after its formation, Freedom and Accord won the December 1911
6017:
866:
was declared, the new elections were cancelled on 25 October, and Ahmed Muhtar Pasha resigned as Grand Vizier on 29 October after just three months in the premier's office in order to defer to the premiership of
7304:
4793:
1005:
in November 1912, many CUP members were arrested by Greek forces and exiled to Anatolia. At the same time, Freedom and Accord found itself on the brink of dissolution after inter-party conflicts.
843:, demanding that the Chamber be dissolved for new elections within 48 hours. The CUP members in the Chamber condemned and censured this threat. However, thanks to a law he had passed through the
1208:
In any case, the CUP termed Nazım Pasha's death during the coup a "regrettable accident", saying that it was unpremeditated but "unavoidable" under the circumstances. The CUP said that the fact
6144:
7299:
6050:
3480:
6022:
6012:
566:
2573:
1516:. Though initially opposed in principle to the extension of local autonomy to the provinces, the CUP now seemed inclined to reconcile with those in favor of greater extension of the
879:
Although the foreign crisis in the Balkans put a temporary halt to domestic politics, it did not stop them. Unlike his predecessor Ahmed Muhtar Pasha, who had been non-partisan,
630:
after the unsuccessful First Balkan War. With the Bulgarian demand for the cession of the former Ottoman capital city of Adrianople (today, and in Turkish at the time, known as
6027:
7289:
3864:
304:
5854:
2526:
6899:
4667:
2039:
6607:
1731:
1222:
said that his "strange fate was being persecuted by the former regime , and being cheered and treated in triumph by the new regime and then being murdered by it."
635:
435:
7274:
6137:
5114:
3854:
3490:
3057:
1992:
1555:
Although the CUP had worked with the Armenians to reinstall constitutional monarchy against Abdul Hamid II, factions in the CUP began to view the Armenians as a
654:, but to no avail. After his assassination in June, the CUP would take full control of the empire, and opposition leaders would be arrested or exiled to Europe.
7279:
4783:
6755:
5279:
3859:
3912:
3505:
1359:
799:(who they blamed for allowing the early elections that led to the CUP domination of the Chamber) and his government of CUP ministers to resign in July 1912.
1287:
1028:
went as far as to say some time after the coup that the CUP had previously offered Nazım Pasha the position of grand vizier and the leadership its cabinet.
3932:
1512:, which saw former Ottoman citizens of Bulgarian, Greek, Macedonian, and Armenian ethnicity actively fighting against the Empire and committing widespread
559:
1879:
1531:. CUP's leaders, Enver, Cemal, Talaat, and others, were ultimately sentenced to death under charges of wartime profiteering and mistreatment of Armenians.
986:, to the Great Powers themselves. Because of the losses experienced by the army so far in the war, the Kâmil Pasha government was inclined to accept the "
3844:
1014:
4488:
6338:
6322:
6309:
6261:
6130:
3979:
3485:
3438:
3004:
1341:
1209:
634:) looming and the outrage among the Turkish populace as well as the CUP leadership, the CUP carried out the coup on January 23, 1913. After the coup,
461:
266:, was forced to resign. Soon after the coup, the government fell into the hands of the CUP, now under the leadership of the triumvirate known as the "
7269:
6158:
4798:
3955:
3372:
994:
Line" as a border to the west and, while not outright giving Edirne to Bulgaria, favored transferring control of it to an international commission.
3839:
591:). Alarmed, the CUP rigged the general elections of 1912 with electoral fraud and violence against Freedom and Accord, earning them the nickname "
1168:, and about 50 others, entered the Sublime Porte compound of government buildings and made their way into the Grand Vizier's building, in which
1090:. After receiving this news, Enver Bey mounted a white horse waiting for him and began to ride the several blocks from Nuruosmaniye towards the
5847:
4173:
4049:
3428:
2223:
729:
607:) of the army, partisans of Freedom and Accord determined to see the CUP fall, rose up in anger and caused the fall of the CUP's post-election
552:
282:
6317:
4687:
1528:
7294:
7203:
5408:
3965:
3081:
2981:
2937:
2673:
2614:
2508:
2459:
2207:
1794:
1020:
Although he was killed during the coup, both the CUP and Freedom and Accord claimed that they had been planning to give Minister of the Navy
6474:
6442:
4125:
6290:
5398:
5388:
5327:
3849:
3495:
2581:
2546:
2046:
1905:
1381:
1103:
717:
533:
383:
6747:
3178:
4692:
7264:
6218:
5645:
5569:
4808:
3927:
3897:
3403:
1838:
1625:
This revolution is profoundly popular? I doubt it, and the lean applause of the crowd at the inauguration of the Grand Vizier and the
357:
7035:
7019:
6923:
6867:
3367:
3264:
3061:
1642:
coup, Rémond said, he found the capital Constantinople to be quiet and devoid of public opinion, whether about the coup or the ongoing
6189:
6045:
5988:
5076:
5034:
3805:
3630:
2810:
2772:
2646:
1099:
511:
259:
7131:
1565:
7080:
5840:
5752:
5676:
4593:
2050:
495:
477:
4717:
4553:
3163:
1580:, were involved in ordering the deportations and massacres of 1 and 1.5 million Armenians in 1915–1916 in what became known as the
1197:
stepped out of his room and rushed towards the raid party. According to the memoirs of future Turkish president and prime minister
6154:
1523:
6062:
5957:
5947:
5776:
5688:
5610:
5249:
4697:
4682:
4662:
4518:
4429:
3960:
3746:
251:
4274:
2523:
1391:
5615:
5466:
5194:
5179:
4588:
3869:
3382:
1589:
1036:
915:
713:
503:
419:
231:
112:
81:
68:
6699:
6635:
6586:
6386:
6000:
5899:
3447:
1637:, aided by some officers of unfailing dedication and some dozens of patriots who were joined gradually few hundred protesters.
1346:
5733:
5461:
3754:
2862:
2745:
2717:
2354:
1973:
1513:
1431:
Although the CUP appointed Grand Vizier Mahmud Shevket Pasha to lead their cabinet, he was genial towards the now-opposition
312:
7171:
7027:
6907:
6715:
6691:
6651:
5952:
5942:
5919:
5904:
5501:
5496:
5393:
4677:
3306:
2054:
6795:
5728:
5715:
5698:
5620:
5552:
5547:
5542:
4707:
4598:
4264:
3341:
1413:
1375:
756:
709:
703:
592:
291:
6570:
1739:
6731:
6301:
6277:
5723:
5640:
5537:
5254:
5239:
5174:
5166:
4548:
4513:
4249:
3950:
3433:
1683:
1612:. The court reached a verdict which sentenced the organizers of the massacres, Talat, Enver, Cemal and others to death.
1597:
1042:
844:
5657:
4434:
1541:
890:
662:
626:
to form a new government in late October 1912, Freedom and Accord leader Kâmil Pasha sat down to diplomatic talks with
6787:
6667:
5764:
5740:
5652:
5588:
5559:
5370:
5357:
5234:
4907:
4846:
4837:
4763:
4376:
4293:
3874:
1352:
6971:
6643:
5322:
5204:
3248:
2080:
1491:. The Three Pashas, leading the CUP autocratically, would control the Empire until fleeing the country at the end of
5209:
2688:
1370:
871:, who had good relations with the British and was expected to produce a favorable settlement to the disastrous war.
7309:
7259:
6181:
6170:
6056:
5441:
4994:
4778:
4773:
4578:
4543:
4191:
3377:
3336:
3198:
979:
519:
321:
1386:
831:) because it included three former Grand Viziers as ministers and sometimes as the "Father-Son Cabinet" (Turkish:
7059:
6955:
6915:
6883:
6763:
6683:
6402:
6197:
6007:
5978:
5973:
5269:
5229:
5014:
4186:
3726:
3716:
3667:
3608:
3578:
3203:
2974:
1266:
After Kâmil Pasha finished writing, Enver Bey immediately left the Sublime Porte to deliver the letter to Sultan
848:
749:
487:
5863:
4942:
763:) after the beating of opposition (Freedom and Accord) candidates for the Chamber of Deputies with weapons like
7211:
7187:
7011:
6843:
6819:
6237:
5995:
5983:
5745:
4740:
4735:
4221:
3625:
3571:
3047:
1432:
911:
884:
736:
674:
580:
75:
6891:
6723:
6269:
5184:
5127:
4310:
4211:
6739:
5259:
7163:
7147:
6995:
6859:
6851:
6835:
6803:
6771:
6675:
6659:
6594:
6562:
6538:
6482:
6245:
6079:
5456:
5244:
5224:
4957:
4897:
4823:
4818:
4634:
4573:
4163:
4039:
3588:
3526:
3311:
3279:
3228:
3143:
3101:
1517:
967:
944:
673:
While the inner circle of the CUP may already have decided earlier to stage a coup to regain power from the
647:
4859:
1931:
7227:
7195:
7123:
7067:
6939:
6627:
6554:
6498:
6394:
6205:
5669:
5491:
5413:
5056:
5043:
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4788:
4528:
4135:
3822:
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3704:
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3351:
3331:
3321:
3158:
1552:, on the side of Germany, in contrast to the overthrown Kâmil Pasha, who was partial towards the British.
1408:
939:, a western district of modern Istanbul. At this point, Kâmil Pasha's government signed an armistice with
583:, Kâmil Pasha's party, was formed in opposition to the CUP and almost immediately won the by-elections in
541:
344:
7107:
5061:
3996:
3238:
2295:
7091:
6979:
6875:
6418:
5909:
5781:
5433:
5361:
5274:
5219:
4922:
4745:
4239:
4206:
4120:
4092:
4062:
4034:
3620:
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3346:
3188:
3168:
3133:
3071:
3014:
2196:
Johnson, Christopher H.; Sabean, David Warren; Teuscher, Simon; Trivellato, Francesca (15 August 2011).
1629:
has done nothing to soothe my uncertainty. Everything was done and carried out by a skilled politician,
1593:
1315:
1246:
1010:
955:
899:
785:
639:
6450:
5317:
5142:
4702:
4493:
4406:
4386:
4254:
3662:
6707:
6410:
2019:
1646:, noting an air of "indifference" among not only the populace, but the statesmen involved themselves.
7284:
7235:
6963:
6827:
6458:
6346:
6229:
5520:
5347:
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5284:
5199:
5189:
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5099:
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4333:
4320:
4001:
3942:
3922:
3772:
3603:
3316:
2967:
2137:
1621:
actual popular participation in the coup or the events surrounding it. Reporter Georges Rémond said:
1324:
1145:
Pasha's government. Moreover, up to 60 CUP members were placed around the Sublime Porte's buildings.
1068:
1067:), one of the top leaders of the Committee of Union and Progress, was notified by a CUP member named
820:
643:
2227:
1078:
that everything was prepared for the raid as he waited in the military supply-station inspectorate (
393:
6546:
6490:
5603:
5529:
5214:
5051:
4937:
4912:
4902:
4444:
4416:
4391:
4381:
4353:
4158:
4082:
4077:
3917:
3831:
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3521:
3326:
3269:
3138:
3066:
3042:
1778:
1585:
1452:
1158:
1087:
940:
836:
682:
657:
Ottoman victory in the Second Balkan War and the recovery of Edirne in the face of pressure by the
627:
336:
155:
146:
137:
108:
28:
4874:
4533:
4006:
7155:
7099:
6511:
5564:
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4768:
4508:
4371:
4279:
4229:
4057:
4029:
3709:
3699:
3694:
3677:
3598:
3583:
3223:
3208:
3193:
3153:
3148:
3031:
2303:
1986:
1861:
1501:
1448:
1300:
and the British attaché in Constantinople (Istanbul) immediately after seizing power in the coup.
1073:
824:
812:
677:, the proximate occasion was the CUP's fear that the government would concede to a demand by the
612:
409:
367:
6084:
5137:
5122:
4523:
4503:
2577:
2550:
2199:
Transregional and Transnational Families in Europe and Beyond: Experiences Since the Middle Ages
1909:
1271:
1212:
681:
that the town of Adrianople (a former Ottoman capital city from 1365 to 1453) be handed over to
2606:
Ethnic Nationalism and the Fall of Empires: Central Europe, the Middle East and Russia, 1914-23
1130:
615:, but after a few months it too was dissolved in October 1912 after the sudden outbreak of the
7115:
6987:
6947:
6811:
6466:
6370:
6362:
6253:
5914:
5820:
5703:
5576:
5451:
5403:
5383:
5024:
4869:
4854:
4755:
4727:
4712:
4654:
4639:
4480:
4471:
4457:
4348:
4328:
4259:
4201:
4072:
3791:
3721:
3687:
3672:
3566:
3291:
3213:
3173:
3096:
3086:
2933:
2878:
2858:
2821:
2768:
2741:
2713:
2669:
2642:
2610:
2604:
2504:
2475:
2455:
2396:
2350:
2203:
1790:
1605:
1581:
1456:
1397:
1306:
1296:
1218:
1141:
1002:
966:–had begun to engage in the relationship of Bulgaria with the Ottoman Empire, citing the 1878
796:
788:, another opposition leader, the Savior Officers published public declarations in newspapers.
608:
223:
2663:
2197:
6354:
5632:
5581:
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5312:
5289:
5264:
5132:
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3462:
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3233:
3183:
3118:
2825:
2691:(2008) Geographies of Nationalism and Violence: Rethinking Young Turk ‘Social Engineering’,
1853:
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1601:
1440:
1402:
1331:
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859:
840:
721:
686:
616:
584:
215:
194:
178:
88:
2833:
2391:
1735:
987:
242:, in which the group made a surprise raid on the central Ottoman government buildings, the
6779:
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4952:
4583:
4130:
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331:
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Hürriyet ve İtilâf Fırkası: II. Meşrutiyet Devrinde İttihat ve Terakki'ye Karşı Çıkanlar
7051:
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2793:
Armenien und der Völkermord: Die Istanbuler Prozesse und die Türkische Nationalbewegung
2788:
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1609:
1549:
1421:
1242:
1198:
1194:
1169:
1047:
1021:
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932:
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862:
erupted early in October 1912, catching Ahmed Muhtar Pasha's administration off-guard.
658:
588:
445:
296:
263:
255:
227:
190:
185:
172:
167:
119:
1110:) also began to make his way towards the Sublime Porte with a group of CUP loyalists.
7253:
7003:
6378:
6112:
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5808:
5147:
5009:
4917:
4343:
4244:
4067:
3988:
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3106:
1968:
1537:
1304:
After the coup, Enver Bey told a local Turkish correspondent for the French magazine
1091:
1001:), the birthplace of many progressive political leaders and movements of the era, by
971:
764:
243:
150:
124:
34:
1865:
7139:
6578:
6522:
6092:
5889:
5681:
5481:
5104:
5066:
4999:
4644:
4558:
4498:
4196:
3907:
3892:
3541:
3536:
3052:
1630:
1577:
1573:
1556:
1488:
1484:
1476:
1425:
1173:
1163:
1107:
1025:
998:
740:
678:
537:
271:
267:
239:
141:
4538:
4234:
1592:
and selected former officials were court-martialled with/including the charges of
1327:, who took both posts. The new cabinet under Mahmud Shevket Pasha was made up of:
906:
2950:
2927:
2916:
2905:
2894:
2852:
2762:
2636:
2498:
2449:
2344:
974:(the Ottoman government) that they wanted the Ottoman Empire to cede Adrianople (
7219:
6330:
5471:
5423:
5378:
4962:
4947:
4624:
4563:
4424:
4302:
3902:
3682:
3652:
3546:
3442:
3019:
2990:
2740:(1. paperback print. ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press.
2084:
1634:
1569:
1545:
1509:
1496:
1492:
1480:
1472:
1460:
1291:
1234:
1154:
1135:
1064:
943:
in December 1912 and sat down to draw up a treaty for the end of the war at the
895:
863:
650:
and resumed the war against the Balkan states to recover Edirne and the rest of
235:
159:
1323:
Kâmil Pasha was replaced as Grand Vizier and Nazım Pasha as Minister of War by
795:
to the Military Council, the Savior Officers succeeded in getting Grand Vizier
3657:
3091:
1857:
983:
936:
792:
2882:
2226:. Press and Publication Association (Turkey). 23 January 2013. Archived from
1690:
5884:
5506:
5486:
2873:
2829:
1098:
referring to a group of government buildings that housed the offices of the
5832:
807:
5769:
5084:
4884:
4150:
4112:
3814:
3647:
1267:
1060:
1046:
magazine in February 1913 depicting the assassination of Minister of War
928:
852:
827:, an old military hero, which was known as the "Great Cabinet" (Turkish:
745:
623:
453:
1544:
being ratified the next year in 1914. Enver would enter the empire into
1230:
5879:
5598:
4892:
4016:
1113:
1095:
651:
2434:. Vol. 2 (Maarif Matbaası ed.). Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları.
1951:
1949:
1839:"Elections and the Electoral Process in the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1919"
1459:, who had backed the Savior Officers against the CUP, fled to western
6618:
6107:
5934:
5304:
4087:
2767:(First ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 296–300.
1978:
975:
887:
member and was determined to use his premiership to destroy the CUP.
631:
1106:, and other state offices. At this time, Talaat Bey (later known as
752:
and announced its call for early general elections in January 1912.
646:
with Unionist support withdrew the Ottoman Empire from the ongoing
2710:
The Armenians: Past and Present in the Making of National Identity
1568:
of 1877. After the failure of this expedition, the CUP's leaders,
1522:
1286:
1237:
asking Kâmil Pasha to resign during the raid on the Sublime Porte.
1229:
1035:
922:, who led the government until his forced resignation in the coup.
905:
889:
806:
1121:
When Enver Bey arrived in front of the Ministry of Public Works (
858:
While preparations for new elections were underway, however, the
772:
in the Chamber, with Freedom and Accord only netting 6 Deputies.
5593:
2811:"Osmanlı Devleti'nde Jön Türk Hareketinin Başlaması ve Etkileri"
1153:
Enver Bey, along with confederates Talaat Bey, Sapancalı Hakkı,
991:
811:
The Grand Vizier and leader of the three-month "Great Cabinet",
6126:
5836:
3787:
2963:
2932:(in Turkish) (5 ed.), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi,
1471:
The coup essentially led to the establishment of a dictatorial
716:(CUP) had only managed to win about 60 of the 288 seats in the
2959:
2026:
Memoirs of Halil Menteşe, President of the Chamber of Deputies
638:
like Freedom and Accord were subject to heavy repression. The
1294:(center) speaking to a correspondent for the French magazine
847:, Ahmed Muhtar Pasha was able, with the sultan's support, to
2871:
Kuyaş, Ahmet (January 2013), "Bâb-ı Âli Baskını: 100. Yıl",
1713:
1711:
37:(Turkish: Bâb-ı Âlî) building shortly after the coup inside.
3783:
819:
After Mehmed Said Pasha's resignation, a new, non-partisan
759:
were known infamously as the "Election of Clubs" (Turkish:
2638:
Genocide, state crime and the law in the name of the state
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2028:] (in Turkish). Hürriyet Vakfı Yayınları. p. 160.
855:
immediately called for new elections by imperial decree.
732:. Nevertheless, it was the largest party in the Chamber.
16:
Coup d'etat that took place in the Ottoman Empire in 1913
7305:
Attacks on government buildings and structures in Turkey
2249:
2247:
2245:
1684:"Osmanlı'dan Günümüze Türkiye'de Seçimlerin Kısa Tarihi"
1633:, who masterminded the coup, and the energetic soldier,
2021:
Osmanlı Mebusan Meclisi Reisi Halil Menteşe'nin Anıları
2547:"Modern dönemin ilk askeri darbesi: Bab-ı Âli baskını"
2158:
2156:
2154:
2040:"Meclis-i Mebusan Zabıt Ceridesi - Kırkyedinci İnikad"
1906:"Modern dönemin ilk askeri darbesi: Bab-ı Âli baskını"
1665:
1663:
1249:
at gunpoint. The letter addressed to the sultan read:
1241:
After this, Enver and Talaat Bey entered Grand Vizier
982:, most of which by that time had been captured by the
2795:(in German). Hamburg: Hamburger Edition. p. 185.
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
1955:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1216:
undertook the coup, the contemporary French magazine
2738:
Genocide : conceptual and historical dimensions
2731:
2729:
2326:
2324:
2322:
1177:
himself of his wounds sustained from Mustafa Necip.
7079:
6606:
6510:
6289:
6217:
6169:
6072:
6038:
5966:
5933:
5870:
5714:
5631:
5528:
5519:
5432:
5369:
5356:
5303:
5165:
5113:
5075:
5042:
5033:
4980:
4883:
4845:
4836:
4754:
4726:
4653:
4607:
4479:
4470:
4443:
4415:
4362:
4319:
4301:
4292:
4220:
4172:
4149:
4111:
4048:
4015:
3987:
3978:
3941:
3883:
3830:
3821:
3514:
3473:
3421:
3396:
3360:
3299:
3257:
3126:
2997:
2480:. Academy of Political Science. 1913. p. 381.
1495:. It established the CUP as the dominant party of
2708:Herzig, Edmund; Kurkchiyan, Marina, eds. (2005).
2489:
2487:
1334:as President of the Council of State (for 3 days)
875:Government of Kâmil Pasha and lead-up to the coup
7300:Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1910s
2761:Heller, Kevin Jon; Simpson, Gerry, eds. (2013).
2574:"100 sene önce bugün ne olduğu asla unutulmasın"
2500:Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire
2451:Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire
835:) because it included Ahmed Muhtar Pasha's son,
776:itself into an armed organization known as the "
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
1623:
1312:
1251:
21:
2703:
2701:
2549:(in Turkish). dunyabulteni.net. Archived from
611:government. A new government was formed under
6138:
5848:
3799:
2975:
1785:(Revised ed.). I.B.Tauris. pp. 107
560:
8:
2899:(in Turkish), Istanbul: Cumhuriyet Yayınları
1846:International Journal of Middle East Studies
1270:in his palace, driving to the palace in the
1024:a position in their next cabinet. The CUP's
728:), the popularly elected lower house of the
2889:Dumont, Paul; Georgeon, Gregoire François;
2712:. Abingdon, Oxon, Oxford: RoutledgeCurzon.
2349:(in Turkish). Çatı Kitapları. p. 711.
2183:
1584:. After World War I and the signing of the
6145:
6131:
6123:
5855:
5841:
5833:
5525:
5366:
5039:
4842:
4476:
4298:
3984:
3827:
3806:
3792:
3784:
2982:
2968:
2960:
2915:Vardar, Galip; Tansu, Samih Nafiz (1960),
2857:(in Turkish), Istanbul: Dergâh Yayınları,
2641:. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. p. 123.
1991:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1426:Minister of Posts, Telegraph and Telephone
1314:"I sincerely regret having been forced to
851:with ease on 5 August, after which Sultan
567:
553:
276:
27:
18:
4794:Museum of Science and Technology in Islam
2764:The hidden histories of war crimes trials
2630:
2628:
2626:
2253:
1732:"İttihat ve Terakki Üzerine Düşünceler-2"
622:After receiving the permission of Sultan
3373:Provisional Government of Western Thrace
2921:(in Turkish), Istanbul: İnkılâp Kitabevi
1934:(in Turkish). odatv.com. 23 January 2013
1514:ethnic cleansing against Ottoman Muslims
1112:
1809:
1717:
1689:. setav.org. p. 50. Archived from
1659:
1520:system to enable Ottoman Muslim unity.
290:
279:
5394:Istanbul International Puppet Festival
4893:Yalı (Ottoman-era waterfront mansions)
2955:, vol. 4, Istanbul: Baha Matbaasi
1984:
1193:Hearing the gunshots, Minister of War
970:. The Great Powers gave a note to the
898:was hailed at home as the hero of the
7275:Rebellions against the Ottoman Empire
7204:Kurdish rebellions during World War I
6051:Sarıkız, Ayışığı, Yakamoz and Eldiven
2736:Andreopoulos, George J., ed. (1997).
2417:
2330:
2265:
2162:
2117:
2105:
2005:
1891:
1765:
1669:
1487:, and the soon-to-be naval minister,
1063:Enver Bey (later and better known as
210:(23 January 1913), also known as the
33:Crowd gathering in front of the main
7:
7290:1910s coups d'état and coup attempts
7280:Military coups in the Ottoman Empire
5328:Hagia Sophia Hurrem Sultan Bathhouse
2047:Chamber of Deputies (Ottoman Empire)
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1483:, the soon-to-be interior minister,
1463:, where he would remain until 1919.
1253:His Peaceful and Sublime Excellency,
1172:and his cabinet were in session. An
685:after the disastrous results of the
3898:Church of Saint Mary of the Mongols
3501:Initial phase of the Greek genocide
3404:1913 Romanian Army cholera outbreak
2896:Bir İmparatorluğun Ölümü: 1908–1923
2693:European Journal of Turkish Studies
1956:Dumont, Georgeon & Tanilli 1997
1261:Grand Vizier Kâmil, 23 January 1913
767:and sticks as well being marred by
6916:Greek Macedonian rebellion of 1867
6884:Greek Macedonian rebellion of 1854
6190:Uprising of Konstantin and Fruzhin
2918:İttihad ve Terakki İçinde Dönenler
1932:"Liberaller bu yazıya kin kusacak"
1908:. dunyabulteni.net. Archived from
1245:'s room and forced him to write a
698:April 1912 elections and aftermath
84:forms a national unity government.
14:
3005:Nationalism in the Ottoman Empire
2603:Aviel Roshwald (4 January 2002).
2051:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
1529:Turkish courts-martial of 1919–20
1226:Forced resignation of Kâmil Pasha
1205:aid-de-camp Kıbrıslı Tevfik Bey.
270:", made up of Enver, Talaat, and
6153:
6106:
5815:
5814:
5802:
4430:Pertevniyal Valide Sultan Mosque
2907:İnkılâp Tarihimiz ve Jön Türkler
2572:Özsoy, Osman (23 January 2013).
2545:Aymalı, Ömer (23 January 2013).
1904:Aymalı, Ömer (23 January 2013).
1682:Alkan, Mehmet Öznur (May 1999).
1479:": the soon-to-be war minister,
980:Aegean islands under its control
303:
184:
177:
166:
154:
145:
136:
118:
107:
7270:Committee of Union and Progress
5616:Getronagan Armenian High School
4589:Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum
4126:Fountain of Ahmed III (Üsküdar)
2524:An essay on the Savior Officers
2224:"Bab-ı Ali baskını 100 yaşında"
1590:Committee of Union and Progress
1365:Said Halim Pasha succeeding him
1129:) building, fellow CUP members
1055:March towards the Sublime Porte
997:After the capture of Salonica (
714:Committee of Union and Progress
232:Committee of Union and Progress
113:Committee of Union and Progress
69:Committee of Union and Progress
7036:Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising
7020:1896–1897 Macedonian rebellion
5734:Ulus Ashkenazi Jewish Cemetery
5477:Lütfi Kırdar Exhibition Center
5462:Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre
4554:Museum of the Princes' Islands
3491:Bulgarians deportation program
3062:Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising
2392:"Le coup d'état du 23 Janvier"
2202:. Berghahn Books. p. 52.
1974:The Emergence of Modern Turkey
1882:University of California Press
1548:that same year as part of the
1371:Pirizade Ibrahim Hayrullah Bey
1059:On 23 January 1913, at 14:30,
1:
7132:Zaraniq rebellion (1909–1910)
6323:Expeditions against the Druze
6262:Expeditions against the Druze
5729:Ulus Sephardi Jewish Cemetery
5646:Şişli Greek Orthodox Cemetery
5570:Surp Pırgiç Armenian Hospital
4688:Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar Museum
4265:Phanar Greek Orthodox College
3342:Romanian landings in Bulgaria
2926:Türkgeldi, Ali Fuat (2010) ,
2296:"THREE WERE SLAIN WITH NAZIM"
2083:. atam.gov.tr. Archived from
1398:Minister of Pious Foundations
704:1912 Ottoman general election
7295:Military history of Istanbul
6900:Mount Lebanon civil conflict
6339:Expedition against the Druze
6331:Theodoros Boua Grivas revolt
6310:Expedition against the Druze
6302:Mariovo and Prilep Rebellion
5895:1730 Patrona Halil rebellion
4784:Museum of Heating Appliances
4703:Museum of Whirling Dervishes
4549:Museum of the Ancient Orient
4514:Istanbul Archaeology Museums
3951:Bulgarian St. Stephen Church
3434:Greco-Turkish crisis of 1914
2904:Kuran, Ahmed Bedevî (1945),
2809:Burak, Durdu Mehmet (2003),
2503:. Basic Books. p. 524.
2454:. Basic Books. p. 523.
2430:Bayur, Yusuf Hikmet (1940).
1604:, and the massacres of both
1540:, officially leading to the
1455:. Another opposition leader
1387:Ürgüplü Mustafa Hayri Efendi
935:had soon advanced as far as
757:April 1912 general elections
5502:Ülker Sports and Event Hall
4764:Florence Nightingale Museum
4718:Sait Faik Abasıyanık Museum
4668:Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar Museum
3966:Church of St. Mary Draperis
3429:Autonomy of Northern Epirus
2662:John Bourne (1 June 2002).
2477:Political Science Quarterly
1360:Minister of Foreign Affairs
1355:as Minister of Public Works
1353:Nicolae Constantin Batzaria
436:Decline & Modernization
258:, was assassinated and the
7326:
7265:1913 in the Ottoman Empire
6182:Sheikh Bedreddin rebellion
6073:Other incidents and trials
6057:Operation Cage Action Plan
5621:Pangaltı Mkhitaryan School
5548:Pangaltı Armenian Cemetery
5543:Pangaltı Catholic Cemetery
4774:Kandilli Earthquake Museum
4594:Turkish Calligraphy Museum
3448:Ottoman–Bulgarian alliance
2910:(in Turkish), Tan Matbaası
2877:(in Turkish) (48): 26–35,
2609:. Routledge. p. 106.
2081:"Ankara'nın Başkent Oluşu"
1405:as Minister of Agriculture
1149:Entering the Sublime Porte
701:
520:Abolition of the Caliphate
512:Abolition of the Sultanate
449:(late 18th and early 19th)
7180:Raid on the Sublime Porte
6956:1878 Macedonian rebellion
6732:Priest Jovica's Rebellion
6684:Greek War of Independence
6636:Kabakçı Mustafa rebellion
6587:Koča's frontier rebellion
6278:Kalender Çelebi rebellion
6102:
5796:
5746:Balat Or-Ahayim Hastanesi
3768:
3609:Konstantinos Sapountzakis
3412:
3288:
3115:
3048:Greco-Turkish War of 1897
2668:. Routledge. p. 84.
2635:Balint, Jennifer (2012).
1858:10.1017/s0020743800062085
1015:Second Constitutional Era
212:Raid on the Sublime Porte
130:
101:
41:
26:
6932:Bulgarian April uprising
6844:Uprising of Dervish Cara
6692:Atçalı Kel Mehmet revolt
6652:Hadži-Prodan's Rebellion
6238:Nur Ali Halife rebellion
6028:military asylum incident
5864:Military coups in Turkey
4489:Art and Sculpture Museum
3383:Treaty of Constantinople
3275:1913 Ottoman coup d'état
2665:Who's Who in World War I
2390:Y.R. (1 February 1913).
1783:Turkey: A Modern History
1588:, the leadership of the
1433:Freedom and Accord Party
1418:as Minister of Education
1342:Minister of the Interior
885:Freedom and Accord Party
791:Finally, after giving a
737:Freedom and Accord Party
689:for the Ottoman Empire.
675:Freedom and Accord Party
581:Freedom and Accord Party
250:). During the coup, the
208:1913 Ottoman coup d'état
76:Freedom and Accord Party
22:1913 Ottoman coup d'etat
7164:Albanian revolt of 1912
7148:Albanian revolt of 1910
6740:Second Mašići Rebellion
6660:Second Serbian Uprising
6595:Tripolitanian civil war
6563:Patrona Halil Rebellion
6483:Second Tarnovo Uprising
6023:international reactions
5553:Şişli Armenian Cemetery
5419:Istanbul Tulip Festival
5409:Istanbul Music Festival
5205:Bet Yaakov (Heybeliada)
4928:Ibrahim Pasha Pavillion
4779:Museum of Culinary Arts
4635:Walls of Constantinople
4599:Women's Museum İstanbul
4040:Cistern of the Hebdomon
4035:Cistern of 1001 Columns
3453:Balkans campaign of WWI
3102:Albanian revolt of 1912
2830:10.1501/OTAM_0000000502
2184:Vardar & Tansu 1960
2131:"II. MEŞRUTİYET DÖNEMİ"
1542:Ottoman–German Alliance
1527:A court session of the
1349:as Minister of the Navy
1189:Shooting of Nazım Pasha
945:London Peace Conference
648:London Peace Conference
7124:Hauran Druze Rebellion
6972:Kresna–Razlog Uprising
6940:Razlovtsi insurrection
6796:Belogradchik Rebellion
6628:First Serbian Uprising
6539:The Great Insurrection
6395:First Tarnovo Uprising
6246:Nasir al-Din rebellion
6198:Skanderbeg's rebellion
6080:Nine Officers Incident
5670:Istanbul Greek dialect
5658:Balıklı Greek Hospital
5414:Istanbul Shopping Fest
5399:Istanbul Jazz Festival
5389:Istanbul Film Festival
5210:Bet Yaakov (Kuzguncuk)
5015:Polonezköy Nature Park
4799:Natural History Museum
4683:Florya Atatürk Mansion
4663:Adam Mickiewicz Museum
4435:Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque
4187:Dolmabahçe Clock Tower
4136:Sultan Mahmut Fountain
3961:Church of Saint Benoit
3928:St. George’s Cathedral
3727:Crown Prince Alexander
3705:Crown Prince Ferdinand
3668:Kölemen Abdullah Pasha
3496:Massacres of Civilians
3486:Massacres of Albanians
3439:Sarajevo Assassination
3368:Greek–Serbian Alliance
3361:Diplomacy and politics
3258:Diplomacy and politics
3082:Bulgarian Independence
2343:Tektaş, Nâzım (2002).
1837:Kayalı, Hasan (1995).
1639:
1616:Question of popularity
1564:they had taken in the
1532:
1444:
1347:Çürüksulu Mahmud Pasha
1321:
1301:
1274:'s (Şeyhülislam) car.
1264:
1238:
1126:
1118:
1083:
1051:
1040:The front page of the
978:) to Bulgaria and the
923:
903:
894:Prior to World War I,
832:
828:
816:
781:
760:
725:
665:ahead of World War I.
604:
596:
488:2nd Constitutional Era
462:1st Constitutional Era
345:Fall of Constantinople
247:
219:
131:Commanders and leaders
7092:Young Turk Revolution
6748:Syrian Peasant Revolt
6270:Baba Zünnun Rebellion
5885:1622 janissary revolt
4923:Hatice Sultan Mansion
4838:Palaces and pavilions
4519:Istanbul Contemporary
4311:Ertuğrul Tekke Mosque
4207:Nusretiye Clock Tower
4121:Fountain of Ahmed III
4093:Obelisk of Theodosius
4063:Column of Constantine
3840:Armenian Patriarchate
3753:Other Balkan states:
3594:Eleftherios Venizelos
3270:Albanian Independence
3072:Young Turk Revolution
2851:Birinci, Ali (1990),
2018:Arar, İsmail (1986).
1880:Arabs and Young Turks
1526:
1358:Muhtar Bey as acting
1310:(pictured on right):
1290:
1247:letter of resignation
1233:
1117:Ömer Naci (1878–1916)
1116:
1039:
1013:that had started the
1011:Young Turk Revolution
950:The Great Powers–the
909:
893:
810:
619:and military defeat.
234:(CUP) members led by
7060:Mesopotamia uprising
6924:Herzegovina Uprising
6868:Herzegovina Uprising
6788:Berkovitsa Rebellion
6756:Tripolitanian revolt
6475:Druze power struggle
6318:Revolts of 1565–1572
5457:Bostancı Show Center
4995:Büyükada Nature Park
4958:Sadberk Hanım Museum
4898:Aynalıkavak Pavilion
4809:Museum of Psychiatry
4579:Sakıp Sabancı Museum
4574:Sadberk Hanım Museum
4164:Rüstem Pasha Medrese
3923:Pammakaristos Church
3604:Pavlos Kountouriotis
2432:Türk İnkılâbı Tarihi
2138:Hacettepe University
1878:Hasan Kayalı (1997)
1325:Mahmud Shevket Pasha
1086:) building near the
849:dissolve the Chamber
750:dissolve the Chamber
599:). In response, the
7212:Uprising in Karbala
7188:Euphrates rebellion
7108:Al-Bejat Revolution
6668:Wallachian Uprising
6555:Uprising in Vučitrn
6499:Karposh's rebellion
6491:Chiprovtsi uprising
6206:Buçuktepe rebellion
5492:Süreyya Opera House
5062:Karaköy Fish Market
4913:Esma Sultan Mansion
4903:Adile Sultan Palace
4814:Rahmi M. Koç Museum
4698:Museum of Innocence
4559:Ottoman Bank Museum
4529:İstanbul Toy Museum
4083:Forum of Theodosius
4078:Column of the Goths
3956:Church of St. Padua
3918:Little Hagia Sophia
3631:Crown Prince Danilo
3481:Carnegie Commission
3378:Treaty of Bucharest
3067:Macedonian Struggle
3043:Serbo-Bulgarian War
1586:armistice of Mudros
1382:Minister of Justice
1104:imperial government
1088:Nuruosmaniye Mosque
1084:menzil müfettişliği
837:Mahmud Muhtar Pasha
718:Chamber of Deputies
644:Mahmud Şevket Pasha
226:carried out in the
7156:Malissori uprising
7100:Hamawand rebellion
6764:Posavina Rebellion
6644:Jančić's Rebellion
6467:Abaza Hasan Revolt
6451:Atmeydanı Incident
6403:Thessaly Rebellion
5935:Republic of Turkey
5782:Ulus Jewish school
5565:Surp Agop Hospital
5379:Feast of Sacrifice
5333:Mahmut Pasha Hamam
5323:Çemberlitaş Hamamı
5128:Abdi İpekçi Street
4968:Vahdettin Pavilion
4908:Cantemir Pavillion
4769:ITU Science Center
4713:Pierre Loti Museum
4708:Orhan Kemal Museum
4509:Galatasaray Museum
4407:Süleymaniye Mosque
4372:Atik Valide Mosque
4280:Tayyare Apartments
4230:Aqueduct of Valens
4212:Yıldız Clock Tower
4058:Column of Arcadius
3710:Alexandru Averescu
3678:Hasan Tahsin Pasha
3599:Panagiotis Danglis
3506:Places burned down
3032:Congress of Berlin
2929:Görüp İşittiklerim
2839:on 18 October 2020
2553:on 4 December 2014
2529:2016-05-09 at the
2304:The New York Times
1912:on 4 December 2014
1742:on 26 January 2010
1730:Bağcıoğlu, Fatih.
1720:, p. 164-177.
1533:
1502:Republic of Turkey
1302:
1239:
1185:were also killed.
1119:
1061:Lieutenant Colonel
1052:
924:
912:Freedom and Accord
904:
833:Baba-Oğul Kabinesi
825:Ahmed Muhtar Pasha
817:
813:Ahmed Muhtar Pasha
636:opposition parties
613:Ahmed Muhtar Pasha
368:Sultanate of Women
173:Mehmed Kâmil Pasha
125:Ottoman Government
87:Resumption of the
7310:1910s in Istanbul
7260:Conflicts in 1913
7247:
7246:
7236:Koçgiri rebellion
7228:Uprising in Hilla
7116:31 March Incident
6948:Kumanovo Uprising
6724:Shkodër Rebellion
6371:Uprising in Banat
6363:Celali rebellions
6254:Celali rebellions
6230:Şahkulu Rebellion
6120:
6119:
6063:Sledgehammer plan
5830:
5829:
5809:Turkey portal
5792:
5791:
5704:Zografeion Lyceum
5515:
5514:
5452:BJK Akatlar Arena
5404:Istanbul Marathon
5384:Istanbul Biennial
5348:Vezneciler Hamamı
5338:Süleymaniye Hamam
5161:
5160:
4976:
4975:
4865:Dolmabahçe Palace
4855:Beylerbeyi Palace
4832:
4831:
4693:İsmet İnönü House
4640:Yedikule Fortress
4504:Fenerbahçe Museum
4466:
4465:
4334:Dolmabahçe Mosque
4329:Altunizade Mosque
4288:
4287:
4275:Soğukçeşme Sokağı
4260:Pera Palace Hotel
4240:Divanyolu Caddesi
4192:Etfal Clock Tower
4073:Column of Marcian
3974:
3973:
3781:
3780:
3688:Ahmed Izzet Pasha
3567:Stiliyan Kovachev
3292:Second Balkan War
3265:London Conference
3097:Italo-Turkish War
3087:31 March Incident
2939:978-975-16-2284-6
2822:Ankara University
2675:978-1-134-76752-6
2616:978-1-134-68254-6
2510:978-0-465-00850-6
2497:(1 August 2007).
2461:978-0-465-00850-6
2448:(1 August 2007).
2307:. 25 January 1913
2209:978-0-85745-184-2
1796:978-1-86064-958-5
1582:Armenian genocide
1566:Russo-Turkish War
1457:Prince Sabahaddin
1283:Immediate effects
1210:Interior Minister
883:was a passionate
797:Mehmed Said Pasha
669:Immediate pretext
663:closer to Germany
609:Mehmed Said Pasha
593:Election of Clubs
577:
576:
507:(1918–1922)
499:(1914–1918)
491:(1908–1920)
481:(1908–1922)
465:(1876–1878)
457:(1839–1876)
439:(1789–1908)
423:(1718–1730)
413:(1703–1789)
397:(1656–1703)
387:(1566–1703)
371:(1533–1656)
361:(1453–1566)
340:(1402–1413)
325:(1299–1453)
240:Mehmed Talaat Bey
220:Bâb-ı Âlî Baskını
204:
203:
97:
96:
7317:
7240:
7232:
7224:
7216:
7208:
7200:
7192:
7184:
7176:
7168:
7160:
7152:
7144:
7136:
7128:
7120:
7112:
7104:
7096:
7084:
7072:
7064:
7056:
7048:
7040:
7032:
7024:
7016:
7008:
7000:
6996:Ulcinj rebellion
6992:
6984:
6976:
6968:
6960:
6952:
6944:
6936:
6928:
6920:
6912:
6904:
6896:
6888:
6880:
6872:
6864:
6856:
6848:
6840:
6832:
6824:
6816:
6808:
6800:
6792:
6784:
6776:
6768:
6760:
6752:
6744:
6736:
6728:
6720:
6712:
6708:Bilmez Rebellion
6704:
6700:Bosnian uprising
6696:
6688:
6680:
6672:
6664:
6656:
6648:
6640:
6632:
6624:
6611:
6599:
6591:
6583:
6575:
6567:
6559:
6551:
6547:Karamanli revolt
6543:
6535:
6527:
6515:
6503:
6495:
6487:
6479:
6471:
6463:
6455:
6447:
6439:
6435:Abaza rebellions
6431:
6423:
6415:
6411:Mamluk Rebellion
6407:
6399:
6391:
6383:
6375:
6367:
6359:
6355:Beylerbeyi Event
6351:
6343:
6335:
6327:
6314:
6306:
6294:
6282:
6274:
6266:
6258:
6250:
6242:
6234:
6222:
6210:
6202:
6194:
6186:
6174:
6157:
6147:
6140:
6133:
6124:
6111:
6110:
6088:
6004:
5992:
5915:1909 countercoup
5857:
5850:
5843:
5834:
5818:
5817:
5807:
5806:
5805:
5582:Western Armenian
5526:
5367:
5313:Bayezid II Hamam
5040:
5020:Taksim Gezi Park
4943:Küçüksu Pavilion
4938:Khedive's Palace
4933:Ihlamur Pavilion
4843:
4569:Rezan Has Museum
4477:
4453:Sancaklar Mosque
4354:Teşvikiye Mosque
4339:Nusretiye Mosque
4299:
4270:Prison of Anemas
4159:Caferağa Medrese
4141:Tophane Fountain
4030:Şerefiye Cistern
4025:Basilica Cistern
3997:Büyük Valide Han
3985:
3828:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3785:
3747:Božidar Janković
3742:Stepa Stepanović
3614:Viktor Dousmanis
3463:Macedonian front
3458:Serbian campaign
3388:Treaty of Athens
3337:Southern Dobruja
3280:Treaty of London
3119:First Balkan War
2984:
2977:
2970:
2961:
2956:
2942:
2922:
2911:
2900:
2885:
2867:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2838:
2832:, archived from
2815:
2797:
2796:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2733:
2724:
2723:
2705:
2696:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2632:
2621:
2620:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2580:. Archived from
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2495:Finkel, Caroline
2491:
2482:
2481:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2446:Finkel, Caroline
2442:
2436:
2435:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2387:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2300:
2292:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2166:
2160:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2059:
2053:. Archived from
2044:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1982:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1843:
1834:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1779:Erik-Jan Zürcher
1775:
1769:
1763:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1738:. Archived from
1727:
1721:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1695:
1688:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1644:First Balkan War
1467:Long-term legacy
1445:Halâskâr Zâbitân
1417:
1403:Mehmed Celal Bey
1395:
1379:
1338:Hacı Adil (Arda)
1332:Said Halim Pasha
1262:
1167:
1139:
1077:
1050:during the coup.
1043:Le Petit Journal
968:Treaty of Berlin
860:First Balkan War
782:Halâskâr Zâbitân
730:General Assembly
726:Meclis-i Mebusân
687:First Balkan War
617:First Balkan War
605:Halâskâr Zâbitân
569:
562:
555:
524:
516:
508:
500:
492:
482:
466:
458:
450:
440:
424:
414:
398:
388:
372:
362:
341:
326:
307:
277:
236:Ismail Enver Bey
199:
189:
188:
181:
175:
171:
170:
158:
149:
140:
123:
122:
111:
89:First Balkan War
43:
42:
31:
19:
7325:
7324:
7320:
7319:
7318:
7316:
7315:
7314:
7250:
7249:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7230:
7222:
7214:
7206:
7198:
7196:Bitlis uprising
7190:
7182:
7174:
7172:Savior Officers
7166:
7158:
7150:
7142:
7134:
7126:
7118:
7110:
7102:
7094:
7082:
7075:
7070:
7068:Bitlis uprising
7062:
7054:
7046:
7038:
7030:
7022:
7014:
7006:
6998:
6990:
6988:Thessaly Revolt
6982:
6974:
6966:
6958:
6950:
6942:
6934:
6926:
6918:
6910:
6902:
6894:
6886:
6878:
6870:
6862:
6860:Albanian Revolt
6854:
6852:Albanian Revolt
6846:
6838:
6830:
6822:
6820:Diber Rebellion
6814:
6806:
6804:Vlora Rebellion
6798:
6790:
6782:
6780:Pirot Rebellion
6774:
6772:Livno Rebellion
6766:
6758:
6750:
6742:
6734:
6726:
6718:
6710:
6702:
6694:
6686:
6678:
6670:
6662:
6654:
6646:
6638:
6630:
6622:
6609:
6602:
6597:
6589:
6581:
6573:
6565:
6557:
6549:
6541:
6533:
6531:Naousa uprising
6525:
6513:
6506:
6501:
6493:
6485:
6477:
6469:
6461:
6453:
6445:
6443:Druze rebellion
6437:
6429:
6427:Druze rebellion
6421:
6413:
6405:
6397:
6389:
6381:
6373:
6365:
6357:
6349:
6347:Cairo Rebellion
6341:
6333:
6325:
6312:
6304:
6292:
6291:Transformation
6285:
6280:
6272:
6264:
6256:
6248:
6240:
6232:
6220:
6213:
6208:
6200:
6192:
6184:
6172:
6165:
6151:
6121:
6116:
6105:
6098:
6082:
6068:
6034:
5998:
5986:
5962:
5958:1997 memorandum
5948:1971 memorandum
5929:
5910:1908 revolution
5900:1807–1808 coups
5866:
5861:
5831:
5826:
5803:
5801:
5788:
5710:
5627:
5511:
5497:Kuruçeşme Arena
5467:Cemal Reşit Rey
5428:
5352:
5343:Tahtakale Hamam
5318:Cağaloğlu Hamam
5305:Hammams (baths)
5299:
5230:Hesed Le Avraam
5157:
5138:İstiklal Avenue
5109:
5071:
5029:
4972:
4953:Maslak Pavilion
4879:
4828:
4789:Museum of Media
4750:
4741:Military Museum
4736:Aviation Museum
4722:
4649:
4603:
4584:SantralIstanbul
4524:İstanbul Modern
4494:Doğançay Museum
4462:
4439:
4411:
4382:Selimiye Mosque
4358:
4315:
4284:
4255:Mısır Apartment
4216:
4168:
4145:
4131:German Fountain
4107:
4044:
4011:
3970:
3937:
3879:
3817:
3812:
3782:
3777:
3764:
3562:Radko Dimitriev
3552:Vasil Kutinchev
3510:
3469:
3417:
3408:
3392:
3356:
3307:Kilkis–Lachanas
3295:
3284:
3253:
3122:
3111:
3038:Eastern Rumelia
2993:
2988:
2945:
2940:
2925:
2914:
2903:
2891:Tanilli, Server
2888:
2870:
2865:
2850:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2813:
2808:
2805:
2800:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2775:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2707:
2706:
2699:
2689:Uğur Ümit Üngör
2687:
2683:
2676:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2634:
2633:
2624:
2617:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2531:Wayback Machine
2522:
2518:
2511:
2493:
2492:
2485:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2389:
2388:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2329:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2272:
2264:
2260:
2252:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2182:
2169:
2161:
2152:
2142:
2140:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2079:Şimşir, Bilal.
2078:
2077:
2073:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1983:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1954:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1877:
1873:
1841:
1836:
1835:
1816:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1764:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1618:
1562:Western Armenia
1469:
1437:Savior Officers
1422:Oskan Mandikyan
1411:
1409:Ahmet Şükrü Bey
1389:
1373:
1316:intervene again
1285:
1280:
1272:Sheikh ul-Islam
1263:
1260:
1256:efendimizindir.
1254:
1228:
1191:
1183:Sheikh ul-Islam
1161:
1151:
1133:
1127:Nafıa Nazırlığı
1071:
1069:Sapancalı Hakkı
1057:
1034:
877:
805:
778:Savior Officers
769:electoral fraud
761:Sopalı Seçimler
706:
700:
695:
671:
601:Savior Officers
597:Sopalı Seçimler
573:
528:
527:
522:
514:
506:
498:
490:
483:
480:
470:
469:
464:
456:
448:
441:
438:
428:
427:
422:
415:
412:
402:
401:
396:
389:
386:
376:
375:
370:
363:
360:
350:
349:
339:
332:Beylik of Osman
327:
324:
295:
286:
252:Minister of War
230:by a number of
195:
183:
182:
165:
164:
153:
144:
117:
59:
49:23 January 1913
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7323:
7321:
7313:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7252:
7251:
7245:
7244:
7242:
7241:
7233:
7225:
7217:
7209:
7201:
7193:
7185:
7177:
7169:
7161:
7153:
7145:
7137:
7129:
7121:
7113:
7105:
7097:
7088:
7086:
7077:
7076:
7074:
7073:
7065:
7057:
7052:Theriso revolt
7049:
7044:Shoubak revolt
7041:
7033:
7025:
7017:
7009:
7001:
6993:
6985:
6977:
6969:
6961:
6953:
6945:
6937:
6929:
6921:
6913:
6905:
6897:
6892:Doljani Revolt
6889:
6881:
6873:
6865:
6857:
6849:
6841:
6833:
6825:
6817:
6809:
6801:
6793:
6785:
6777:
6769:
6761:
6753:
6745:
6737:
6729:
6721:
6713:
6705:
6697:
6689:
6681:
6673:
6665:
6657:
6649:
6641:
6633:
6625:
6615:
6613:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6600:
6592:
6584:
6576:
6568:
6560:
6552:
6544:
6536:
6528:
6519:
6517:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6504:
6496:
6488:
6480:
6472:
6464:
6459:Çınar Incident
6456:
6448:
6440:
6432:
6424:
6416:
6408:
6400:
6392:
6384:
6376:
6368:
6360:
6352:
6344:
6336:
6328:
6320:
6315:
6307:
6298:
6296:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6283:
6275:
6267:
6259:
6251:
6243:
6235:
6226:
6224:
6219:Classical Age
6215:
6214:
6212:
6211:
6203:
6195:
6187:
6178:
6176:
6167:
6166:
6163:Ottoman Empire
6152:
6150:
6149:
6142:
6135:
6127:
6118:
6117:
6103:
6100:
6099:
6097:
6096:
6090:
6076:
6074:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6066:
6060:
6054:
6048:
6042:
6040:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6005:
5993:
5981:
5976:
5970:
5968:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5939:
5937:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5876:
5874:
5872:Ottoman Empire
5868:
5867:
5862:
5860:
5859:
5852:
5845:
5837:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5824:
5812:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5787:
5786:
5785:
5784:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5762:
5761:
5760:
5750:
5749:
5748:
5738:
5737:
5736:
5731:
5720:
5718:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5708:
5707:
5706:
5701:
5699:Phanar College
5696:
5694:Halki seminary
5686:
5685:
5684:
5674:
5673:
5672:
5662:
5661:
5660:
5650:
5649:
5648:
5637:
5635:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5586:
5585:
5584:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5567:
5557:
5556:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5534:
5532:
5523:
5517:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5438:
5436:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5424:Sugar Festival
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5375:
5373:
5364:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5309:
5307:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5171:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5119:
5117:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5081:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5048:
5046:
5037:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4990:Belgrad Forest
4986:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4889:
4887:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4872:
4870:Topkapı Palace
4867:
4862:
4860:Çırağan Palace
4857:
4851:
4849:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4824:Zoology Museum
4821:
4819:Railway Museum
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4760:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4732:
4730:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4678:Atatürk Museum
4675:
4670:
4665:
4659:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4485:
4483:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4458:Şakirin Mosque
4455:
4449:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4397:Çamlıca Mosque
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4377:Bayezid Mosque
4374:
4368:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4351:
4349:Ortaköy Mosque
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4325:
4323:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4226:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4202:Maiden's Tower
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4178:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4155:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4117:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4103:Walled Obelisk
4100:
4098:Serpent Column
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4054:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4021:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4004:
4002:Büyük Yeni Han
3999:
3993:
3991:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3947:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3933:Zoodochus Pege
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3836:
3834:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3788:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3732:Radomir Putnik
3729:
3724:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3673:Ali Rıza Pasha
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3643:Ottoman Empire
3640:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3572:Georgi Todorov
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3450:
3445:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3249:Second Çatalca
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3077:Bosnian Crisis
3074:
3069:
3064:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3036:Annexation of
3034:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2943:
2938:
2923:
2912:
2901:
2886:
2868:
2863:
2848:
2820:(in Turkish),
2804:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2780:
2774:978-0199671144
2773:
2753:
2746:
2725:
2718:
2697:
2681:
2674:
2654:
2648:978-1136654152
2647:
2622:
2615:
2595:
2576:(in Turkish).
2564:
2537:
2516:
2509:
2483:
2467:
2460:
2437:
2422:
2410:
2397:L'Illustration
2369:
2355:
2335:
2318:
2270:
2268:, p. 299.
2258:
2254:Türkgeldi 2010
2241:
2215:
2208:
2188:
2167:
2150:
2122:
2120:, p. 304.
2110:
2098:
2071:
2060:on 31 May 2012
2045:(in Turkish).
2031:
2010:
2008:, p. 284.
1998:
1969:Lewis, Bernard
1960:
1945:
1923:
1896:
1884:
1871:
1852:(3): 265–286.
1814:
1802:
1795:
1770:
1753:
1734:(in Turkish).
1722:
1707:
1696:on 12 May 2013
1674:
1672:, p. 307.
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1627:Sheik ul-Islam
1617:
1614:
1550:Central Powers
1475:known as the "
1468:
1465:
1429:
1428:
1419:
1406:
1400:
1384:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1335:
1307:L'Illustration
1297:L'Illustration
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1258:
1227:
1224:
1219:L'Illustration
1190:
1187:
1150:
1147:
1142:Ömer Seyfettin
1094:, which was a
1056:
1053:
1033:
1030:
952:British Empire
933:Bulgarian Army
876:
873:
823:was formed by
804:
801:
710:1908 elections
702:Main article:
699:
696:
694:
691:
670:
667:
661:moved the CUP
659:Entente powers
640:new government
589:Constantinople
575:
574:
572:
571:
564:
557:
549:
546:
545:
534:Historiography
530:
529:
526:
525:
517:
509:
501:
493:
484:
476:
475:
472:
471:
468:
467:
459:
451:
446:Nizam-i Djedid
442:
434:
433:
430:
429:
426:
425:
416:
408:
407:
404:
403:
400:
399:
390:
384:Transformation
382:
381:
378:
377:
374:
373:
364:
356:
355:
352:
351:
348:
347:
342:
334:
328:
320:
319:
316:
315:
309:
308:
300:
299:
297:Ottoman Empire
288:
287:
280:
228:Ottoman Empire
202:
201:
162:
133:
132:
128:
127:
115:
104:
103:
99:
98:
95:
94:
93:
92:
85:
79:
65:
61:
60:
58:Ottoman Empire
57:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7322:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7257:
7255:
7237:
7234:
7229:
7226:
7221:
7218:
7213:
7210:
7205:
7202:
7197:
7194:
7189:
7186:
7181:
7178:
7173:
7170:
7165:
7162:
7157:
7154:
7149:
7146:
7141:
7138:
7133:
7130:
7125:
7122:
7117:
7114:
7109:
7106:
7101:
7098:
7093:
7090:
7089:
7087:
7085:
7078:
7069:
7066:
7061:
7058:
7053:
7050:
7045:
7042:
7037:
7034:
7029:
7028:Cretan Revolt
7026:
7021:
7018:
7013:
7012:Cretan Revolt
7010:
7005:
7004:Brsjak Revolt
7002:
6997:
6994:
6989:
6986:
6981:
6980:Epirus Revolt
6978:
6973:
6970:
6965:
6964:Cretan Revolt
6962:
6957:
6954:
6949:
6946:
6941:
6938:
6933:
6930:
6925:
6922:
6917:
6914:
6909:
6908:Cretan Revolt
6906:
6901:
6898:
6893:
6890:
6885:
6882:
6877:
6876:Epirus Revolt
6874:
6869:
6866:
6861:
6858:
6853:
6850:
6845:
6842:
6837:
6836:Niš Rebellion
6834:
6829:
6828:Cretan Revolt
6826:
6821:
6818:
6813:
6810:
6805:
6802:
6797:
6794:
6789:
6786:
6781:
6778:
6773:
6770:
6765:
6762:
6757:
6754:
6749:
6746:
6741:
6738:
6733:
6730:
6725:
6722:
6717:
6716:Laz rebellion
6714:
6709:
6706:
6701:
6698:
6693:
6690:
6685:
6682:
6677:
6676:Niš Rebellion
6674:
6669:
6666:
6661:
6658:
6653:
6650:
6645:
6642:
6637:
6634:
6629:
6626:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6614:
6612:
6605:
6596:
6593:
6588:
6585:
6580:
6577:
6572:
6571:Serb Uprising
6569:
6564:
6561:
6556:
6553:
6548:
6545:
6540:
6537:
6532:
6529:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6516:
6509:
6500:
6497:
6492:
6489:
6484:
6481:
6476:
6473:
6468:
6465:
6460:
6457:
6452:
6449:
6444:
6441:
6436:
6433:
6428:
6425:
6420:
6419:Epirus revolt
6417:
6412:
6409:
6404:
6401:
6396:
6393:
6388:
6387:Serb Uprising
6385:
6380:
6379:Himara Revolt
6377:
6372:
6369:
6364:
6361:
6356:
6353:
6348:
6345:
6340:
6337:
6332:
6329:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6311:
6308:
6303:
6300:
6299:
6297:
6295:
6288:
6279:
6276:
6271:
6268:
6263:
6260:
6255:
6252:
6247:
6244:
6239:
6236:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6223:
6216:
6207:
6204:
6199:
6196:
6191:
6188:
6183:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6175:
6168:
6164:
6160:
6156:
6148:
6143:
6141:
6136:
6134:
6129:
6128:
6125:
6115:
6114:
6113:Turkey Portal
6109:
6101:
6094:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6071:
6064:
6061:
6058:
6055:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6039:Alleged plans
6037:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6009:
6006:
6002:
5997:
5994:
5990:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5967:Coup attempts
5965:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5940:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5858:
5853:
5851:
5846:
5844:
5839:
5838:
5835:
5823:
5822:
5813:
5811:
5810:
5799:
5798:
5795:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5778:
5775:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5763:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5754:
5751:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5742:
5739:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5713:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5690:
5687:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5678:
5675:
5671:
5668:
5667:
5666:
5663:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5654:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5634:
5630:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5613:
5612:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5587:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5575:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5558:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5518:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5431:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5372:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5245:Jewish Museum
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5148:Taksim Square
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5133:Bağdat Avenue
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5052:Arasta Bazaar
5050:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5032:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4979:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4918:Feriye Palace
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4876:
4875:Yıldız Palace
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4835:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4804:Postal Museum
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4673:Aşiyan Museum
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4615:Anadoluhisarı
4613:
4612:
4610:
4606:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4544:Mosaic Museum
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4534:İşbank Museum
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4344:Laleli Mosque
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4245:Galata Bridge
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4182:Beyazıt Tower
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4068:Column of Leo
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3989:Caravanserais
3986:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3809:
3804:
3802:
3797:
3795:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3737:Petar Bojović
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3636:Janko Vukotić
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3589:Constantine I
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3557:Nikola Ivanov
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3199:First Çatalca
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3144:Pente Pigadia
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3114:
3108:
3107:Balkan League
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2985:
2980:
2978:
2973:
2971:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2954:
2953:
2952:Ben de Yazdım
2948:
2944:
2941:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2849:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2757:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2658:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2599:
2596:
2584:on 2013-03-08
2583:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2565:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2538:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2520:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2471:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2433:
2426:
2423:
2420:, p. 35.
2419:
2414:
2411:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2358:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2306:
2305:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2230:on 2013-12-02
2229:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2165:, p. 33.
2164:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2139:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2111:
2108:, p. 32.
2107:
2102:
2099:
2087:on 4 May 2013
2086:
2082:
2075:
2072:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1958:, p. 56.
1957:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1897:
1894:, p. 28.
1893:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1812:, p. 84.
1811:
1806:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1768:, p. 26.
1767:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1538:German Empire
1530:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1508:catastrophic
1505:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1447:) escaped to
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1393:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1377:
1372:
1369:
1364:
1363:
1362:(for 3 days)
1361:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1257:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1160:
1159:Mustafa Necip
1156:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1092:Sublime Porte
1089:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1004:
1000:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
972:Sublime Porte
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
948:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
921:
918:Grand Vizier
917:
913:
908:
901:
897:
892:
888:
886:
882:
874:
872:
870:
865:
861:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
814:
809:
803:Great Cabinet
802:
800:
798:
794:
789:
787:
783:
779:
773:
770:
766:
762:
758:
753:
751:
747:
742:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
705:
697:
692:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
668:
666:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
579:In 1911, the
570:
565:
563:
558:
556:
551:
550:
548:
547:
543:
539:
535:
532:
531:
521:
518:
513:
510:
505:
502:
497:
494:
489:
486:
485:
479:
474:
473:
463:
460:
455:
452:
447:
444:
443:
437:
432:
431:
421:
418:
417:
411:
406:
405:
395:
392:
391:
385:
380:
379:
369:
366:
365:
359:
358:Classical Age
354:
353:
346:
343:
338:
335:
333:
330:
329:
323:
318:
317:
314:
311:
310:
306:
302:
301:
298:
293:
289:
284:
278:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
244:Sublime Porte
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
200:
198:
192:
187:
180:
174:
169:
163:
161:
157:
152:
151:Mehmed Talaat
148:
143:
139:
135:
134:
129:
126:
121:
116:
114:
110:
106:
105:
100:
90:
86:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
72:
70:
66:
63:
62:
56:
53:
52:
48:
45:
44:
40:
36:
35:Sublime Porte
30:
25:
20:
7179:
7140:Karak revolt
7081:Dissolution
6812:Druze revolt
6621:in Belgrade
6579:Orlov Revolt
6523:Edirne event
6438:(1624, 1627)
6104:
6093:E-memorandum
6008:2016 attempt
5996:1971 attempt
5984:1969 attempt
5979:1963 attempt
5974:1962 attempt
5924:
5890:Edirne Event
5819:
5800:
5682:Apoyevmatini
5482:Naum Theatre
5280:Ohel Ya'akov
5143:Çiçek Pasajı
5105:Zorlu Center
5095:İstinye Park
5067:Spice Bazaar
5057:Grand Bazaar
5005:Gülhane Park
5000:Emirgan Park
4746:Naval Museum
4645:Yoros Castle
4630:Rumelihisarı
4197:Galata Tower
3913:Hagia Triada
3908:Hagia Sophia
3893:Chora Church
3759:Ismail Kemal
3542:Mihail Savov
3537:Stoyan Danev
3515:Participants
3414:
3332:Kresna Gorge
3290:
3274:
3159:Kirk Kilisse
3117:
3053:Cretan State
2951:
2947:Bayar, Celâl
2928:
2917:
2906:
2895:
2872:
2853:
2841:, retrieved
2834:the original
2817:
2792:
2789:Akçam, Taner
2783:
2763:
2756:
2737:
2709:
2692:
2684:
2664:
2657:
2637:
2605:
2598:
2586:. Retrieved
2582:the original
2567:
2555:. Retrieved
2551:the original
2540:
2534:(in Turkish)
2519:
2499:
2476:
2470:
2450:
2440:
2431:
2425:
2413:
2401:. Retrieved
2395:
2360:. Retrieved
2345:
2338:
2309:. Retrieved
2302:
2261:
2232:. Retrieved
2228:the original
2218:
2198:
2191:
2141:. Retrieved
2125:
2113:
2101:
2089:. Retrieved
2085:the original
2074:
2062:. Retrieved
2055:the original
2034:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2001:
1972:
1963:
1936:. Retrieved
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1910:the original
1899:
1887:
1874:
1849:
1845:
1810:Birinci 1990
1805:
1786:
1782:
1773:
1744:. Retrieved
1740:the original
1725:
1718:Birinci 1990
1698:. Retrieved
1691:the original
1677:
1640:
1624:
1619:
1602:profiteering
1598:constitution
1557:fifth column
1554:
1534:
1506:
1485:Talaat Pasha
1477:Three Pashas
1470:
1430:
1322:
1313:
1305:
1303:
1295:
1265:
1252:
1240:
1217:
1207:
1203:
1192:
1179:
1174:aide-de-camp
1152:
1120:
1108:Talaat Pasha
1100:Grand Vizier
1058:
1041:
1019:
1007:
999:Thessaloniki
996:
949:
931:spread. The
925:
878:
857:
829:Büyuk Kabine
818:
790:
780:" (Turkish:
774:
755:These early
754:
741:by-elections
734:
707:
679:Great Powers
672:
656:
621:
595:" (Turkish:
578:
504:Partitioning
454:Tanzimat Era
268:Three Pashas
260:Grand Vizier
211:
207:
205:
196:
142:Ismail Enver
102:Belligerents
67:
7285:Enver Pasha
7220:Arab Revolt
7083:(1908–1922)
6759:(1835–1858)
6610:(1789–1908)
6598:(1793–1795)
6514:(1700–1789)
6512:Old Regime
6478:(1658–1667)
6470:(1658–1659)
6366:(1590–1610)
6326:(1574–1576)
6293:(1550–1700)
6265:(1523–1524)
6221:(1453–1550)
6173:(1299–1453)
6089:(1957–1958)
6083: [
6018:media purge
5999: [
5987: [
5472:Hagia Irene
5275:Neve Shalom
5260:Kemerburgaz
5220:Caddebostan
5025:Yıldız Park
4963:Tiled Kiosk
4948:Malta Kiosk
4625:Riva Castle
4564:Pera Museum
4425:Arap Mosque
4392:Blue Mosque
4387:Eyüp Sultan
4303:Art Nouveau
3903:Hagia Irene
3653:Nazim Pasha
3547:Ivan Fichev
3532:Ivan Geshov
3527:Ferdinand I
3443:World War I
3169:Lule Burgas
3134:Sarantaporo
2991:Balkan Wars
2824:: 292–318,
2818:OTAM Ankara
2346:Sadrâzamlar
1546:World War I
1510:Balkan Wars
1497:Young Turks
1493:World War I
1489:Cemal Pasha
1481:Enver Pasha
1473:triumvirate
1461:Switzerland
1412: [
1390: [
1374: [
1243:Kâmil Pasha
1213:Ahmet Reşit
1199:Celâl Bayar
1195:Nazım Pasha
1170:Kâmil Pasha
1162: [
1155:Yakub Cemil
1134: [
1072: [
1065:Enver Pasha
1048:Nazım Pasha
1022:Nazım Pasha
920:Kâmil Pasha
896:Enver Pasha
881:Kâmil Pasha
869:Kâmil Pasha
864:Martial law
496:World War I
478:Dissolution
394:Köprülü Era
337:Interregnum
272:Cemal Pasha
264:Kâmil Pasha
256:Nazım Pasha
224:coup d'état
191:Nazım Pasha
160:Ahmed Cemal
78:overthrown.
7254:Categories
6159:Rebellions
5765:Newspapers
5724:Cemeteries
5677:Newspapers
5641:Cemeteries
5589:Newspapers
5538:Cemeteries
5521:Minorities
5225:Haydarpaşa
5200:Bet Nissim
5195:Bet Israel
5190:Bet Avraam
5167:Synagogues
5010:Maçka Park
4620:Edirnekapı
4402:New Mosque
4250:Hippodrome
4222:Miscellany
4007:Kürkçü Han
3663:Esad Pasha
3658:Zeki Pasha
3626:Nicholas I
3621:Montenegro
3474:Atrocities
3317:Bregalnica
3179:Adrianople
3092:Goudi coup
2998:Background
2864:9759953072
2747:0812216164
2719:0203004930
2695:, 7 | 2008
2578:haber7.com
2418:Kuyaş 2013
2356:9758845977
2331:Bayar 1967
2266:Kuran 1945
2163:Kuyaş 2013
2118:Burak 2003
2106:Kuyaş 2013
2006:Kuran 1945
1892:Kuyaş 2013
1766:Kuyaş 2013
1670:Burak 2003
1650:References
1631:Talaat Bey
1600:, wartime
1594:subversion
1026:Talaat Bey
984:Greek Navy
900:revolution
793:memorandum
786:Sabahaddin
693:Background
603:(Turkish:
410:Old Regime
246:(Turkish:
7223:(1916–18)
7207:(1914–18)
7103:(1908–10)
7031:(1897–98)
7023:(1896–97)
7015:(1896–97)
7007:(1880–81)
6975:(1878–79)
6927:(1875–77)
6919:(1866–67)
6911:(1866–69)
6871:(1852–62)
6847:(1843–44)
6823:(1838–39)
6751:(1834-35)
6719:(1832–34)
6711:(1832–33)
6703:(1831–33)
6687:(1821–29)
6663:(1815-17)
6631:(1804–13)
6623:(1801–04)
6574:(1737–39)
6542:(1707–11)
6390:(1596–97)
6305:(1564–65)
6201:(1443–68)
6193:(1404–18)
6185:(1416–20)
5953:1980 coup
5943:1960 coup
5925:1913 coup
5920:1912 coup
5905:1876 coup
5880:1512 coup
5753:Languages
5741:Hospitals
5653:Hospitals
5560:Hospitals
5530:Armenians
5507:Zorlu PSM
5487:Ora Arena
5371:Festivals
5358:Festivals
5250:Kal Kados
5215:Burgazada
5180:Ashkenazi
5123:Nişantaşı
5115:Districts
4885:Pavilions
4539:Miniatürk
4445:Modernist
4364:Classical
4235:Çukurcuma
4113:Fountains
3980:Monuments
3865:Kuzguncuk
3683:Enver Bey
3422:Aftermath
3327:Kalimanci
3322:Knjaževac
3139:Kardzhali
3015:Bulgarian
2883:1308-7878
2874:NTV Tarih
2557:20 August
1987:cite book
1606:Armenians
1319:demands."
1292:Enver Bey
1278:Aftermath
1235:Enver Bey
1131:Ömer Naci
914:and anti-
841:Halil Bey
420:Tulip Era
248:Bâb-ı Âlî
222:), was a
6608:Decline
5821:Category
5665:Language
5577:Language
5185:Bakırköy
5085:Akmerkez
5035:Shopping
4728:Military
4151:Madrasas
4017:Cisterns
3832:Armenian
3823:Churches
3815:Istanbul
3773:Category
3648:Mehmed V
3584:George I
3522:Bulgaria
3209:Merhamli
3204:Kaliakra
3194:Monastir
3154:Kumanovo
3149:Sorovich
3010:Albanian
2949:(1967),
2893:(1997),
2791:(1996).
2588:14 April
2527:Archived
2362:4 August
2234:16 March
2143:17 March
2091:15 March
1971:(1961).
1938:15 March
1916:15 March
1866:44470151
1781:(2004).
1746:16 March
1700:14 April
1268:Mehmed V
1259:—
941:Bulgaria
929:Anatolia
910:The pro-
853:Mehmed V
746:Mehmed V
683:Bulgaria
628:Bulgaria
624:Mehmed V
587:(former
585:Istanbul
313:Timeline
283:a series
281:Part of
71:victory
54:Location
6161:in the
6065:(2010s)
5777:Schools
5689:Schools
5611:Schools
5604:Marmara
5599:Jamanak
5447:Babylon
5295:Yeniköy
5285:Ortaköy
5255:Karaite
5240:Italian
5235:Istipol
5090:Cevahir
5044:Bazaars
4847:Palaces
4756:Science
4655:History
4608:Castles
4472:Museums
4321:Baroque
4294:Mosques
4050:Columns
3870:Samatya
3845:Beyoğlu
3755:Albania
3722:Peter I
3700:Carol I
3695:Romania
3415:General
3300:Battles
3224:Korytsa
3214:Driskos
3174:Yenidje
3164:Scutari
3127:Battles
3025:Serbian
2843:27 July
2803:Sources
2403:28 July
2311:28 July
2064:7 April
1736:Sızıntı
1596:of the
1453:Albania
1441:Turkish
1123:Turkish
1096:metonym
1080:Turkish
937:Çatalca
821:cabinet
722:Turkish
708:In the
652:Rumelia
642:led by
542:Decline
292:History
216:Turkish
197:†
7239:(1921)
7231:(1916)
7215:(1915)
7199:(1914)
7191:(1913)
7183:(1913)
7175:(1912)
7167:(1912)
7159:(1911)
7151:(1910)
7143:(1910)
7135:(1910)
7127:(1909)
7119:(1909)
7111:(1909)
7095:(1908)
7071:(1907)
7063:(1906)
7055:(1905)
7047:(1905)
7039:(1903)
6999:(1878)
6991:(1878)
6983:(1878)
6967:(1878)
6959:(1878)
6951:(1878)
6943:(1876)
6935:(1876)
6903:(1860)
6895:(1858)
6887:(1854)
6879:(1854)
6863:(1847)
6855:(1845)
6839:(1841)
6831:(1841)
6815:(1838)
6807:(1836)
6799:(1836)
6791:(1836)
6783:(1836)
6775:(1836)
6767:(1836)
6743:(1834)
6735:(1834)
6727:(1833)
6695:(1830)
6679:(1821)
6671:(1821)
6655:(1814)
6647:(1809)
6639:(1807)
6619:Dahije
6590:(1788)
6582:(1770)
6566:(1730)
6558:(1717)
6550:(1711)
6534:(1705)
6526:(1703)
6502:(1689)
6494:(1688)
6486:(1686)
6462:(1656)
6454:(1648)
6446:(1642)
6430:(1623)
6422:(1611)
6414:(1609)
6406:(1600)
6398:(1598)
6382:(1596)
6374:(1594)
6358:(1589)
6350:(1586)
6342:(1585)
6334:(1585)
6313:(1565)
6281:(1527)
6273:(1526)
6257:(1519)
6249:(1518)
6241:(1512)
6233:(1511)
6209:(1446)
6095:(2007)
6059:(2009)
6053:(2004)
6013:purges
5758:Ladino
5633:Greeks
5434:Venues
5362:venues
5290:Yanbol
5265:Maalem
5175:Ahrida
5153:Kanyon
5100:Kanyon
4417:Gothic
4174:Towers
4088:Milion
3943:Others
3885:Greeks
3875:Taksim
3860:Kartal
3855:Galata
3717:Serbia
3579:Greece
3312:Doiran
3244:Bizani
3239:Şarköy
3234:Bulair
3229:Lemnos
3189:Himara
3184:Prilep
3060:&
2936:
2881:
2861:
2771:
2744:
2716:
2672:
2645:
2613:
2507:
2458:
2353:
2206:
1979:Ankara
1864:
1793:
1610:Greeks
1578:Talaat
1576:, and
1518:millet
1102:, his
1032:Events
1003:Greece
976:Edirne
964:Russia
962:, and
956:France
845:Senate
712:, the
632:Edirne
523:(1924)
515:(1922)
294:of the
285:on the
193:
176:
64:Result
6171:Rise
6087:]
6003:]
5991:]
5770:Şalom
5270:Mayor
5077:Malls
4982:Parks
4499:Elgiz
3850:Fatih
3397:Other
3352:Pirot
3347:Vidin
3020:Greek
2837:(PDF)
2814:(PDF)
2299:(PDF)
2134:(PDF)
2058:(PDF)
2043:(PDF)
2024:[
1862:S2CID
1842:(PDF)
1694:(PDF)
1687:(PDF)
1655:Notes
1635:Enver
1574:Cemal
1570:Enver
1449:Egypt
1416:]
1394:]
1378:]
1166:]
1138:]
1076:]
988:Midye
960:Italy
765:clubs
538:Ghaza
6046:1993
5716:Jews
5594:Agos
5360:and
3441:and
3219:Elli
3058:IMRO
2934:ISBN
2879:ISSN
2859:ISBN
2845:2014
2769:ISBN
2742:ISBN
2714:ISBN
2670:ISBN
2643:ISBN
2611:ISBN
2590:2013
2559:2014
2505:ISBN
2456:ISBN
2405:2014
2364:2013
2351:ISBN
2313:2014
2236:2013
2204:ISBN
2145:2013
2093:2013
2066:2013
1993:link
1940:2013
1918:2013
1791:ISBN
1748:2013
1702:2013
1608:and
1451:and
1140:and
992:Enez
735:The
322:Rise
238:and
206:The
46:Date
5442:AKM
4481:Art
2826:doi
1854:doi
1424:as
1396:as
1380:as
1340:as
916:CUP
748:to
82:CUP
7256::
6085:tr
6001:tr
5989:tr
2816:,
2728:^
2700:^
2625:^
2486:^
2394:.
2372:^
2321:^
2301:.
2273:^
2244:^
2170:^
2153:^
2136:.
2049::
1989:}}
1985:{{
1977:.
1948:^
1860:.
1850:27
1848:.
1844:.
1817:^
1789:.
1787:ff
1756:^
1710:^
1662:^
1572:,
1504:.
1443::
1414:tr
1392:tr
1376:tr
1164:tr
1157:,
1136:tr
1125::
1082::
1074:tr
958:,
954:,
947:.
724::
540:,
262:,
254:,
218::
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6139:t
6132:v
5856:e
5849:t
5842:v
3807:e
3800:t
3793:v
3761:)
3757:(
2983:e
2976:t
2969:v
2828::
2777:.
2750:.
2722:.
2678:.
2651:.
2619:.
2592:.
2561:.
2513:.
2464:.
2407:.
2366:.
2333:.
2315:.
2256:.
2238:.
2212:.
2186:.
2147:.
2095:.
2068:.
1995:)
1981:.
1942:.
1920:.
1868:.
1856::
1799:.
1750:.
1704:.
1439:(
990:-
902:.
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720:(
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554:v
544:)
536:(
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214:(
91:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
