37:
150:
119:
162:
131:
220:. His idea was to make the election of the President and the members of Parliament coincide, so that the former could have a congressional majority, in order to facilitate the work of the Executive. He also sought a reform of the electoral process, incorporating the Supreme Court, which was at that time a very prestigious institution. The inspiration for these advanced plans was the talented lawyer
253:), as well as to launch a Manifesto to the Nation expressing the rejection of the systematic attacks on the Constitution committed by Billinghurst and calling on the people to unite in the defense of constitutionality and legality. That document was signed by more than 80 congressmen. In addition to Osores, the conspiracy against the government included the journalist
213:, created a climate of tension between political elites and businessmen. The first serious confrontation occurred in October 1913 when Billinghurst refused to call an Extraordinary Legislature so that Congress could approve the Budget Law, as it was required to do. Billinghurst approved this law by decree, thus usurping a constitutional power of Congress.
307:
The conspiring parliamentarians furtively discussed when would be the opportune time to declare the presidential vacancy: before or after
Billinghurst decreed the dissolution of Congress. While in this, a denunciation occurred from an army officer, who informed Billinghurst of the plot, thus
234:
The conflict between
Billinghurst and Congress thus reached its highest point. Armed groups of the people hailed the President at night; It was even said that he had planned to arm the Billinghurist artisans and workers, in order to have a shock force ready to carry out his purposes.
312:
was closed, Benavides was removed from his position as chief of staff, and the popular militias were armed to defend the government. All of which precipitated the events, when the armed forces intervened in defence of
Congress.
300:. To ensure the effectiveness of the measure they were going to take, the conspirators initiated contacts with the military leaders, reaching an understanding with the Chief of the Army Staff, Colonel
339:
Once
Billinghurst was overthrown, a Government Junta chaired by Benavides was formed with the consent of Congress. A few months later, Congress elected Benavides as Provisional President.
684:
1811:
320:
was attacked, and the presidential guard was reduced after a bloody confrontation. Billinghurst was taken prisoner, forced to resign and then deported to
1091:
1584:
677:
1748:
435:
377:. After the elections were held in 1915, Pardo won the elections with 131,289 votes compared to 13,151 for his opponent, governing until 1919.
1671:
1646:
1641:
418:
1506:
1579:
670:
249:, agreed to declare the vacancy of the Presidency of the Republic due to the moral incapacity of its holder (invoking an article of the
636:
836:
1262:
620:
592:
1692:
1625:
1604:
1564:
1559:
1544:
1523:
1368:
1338:
1333:
1313:
1308:
1272:
1232:
1227:
1202:
1133:
1123:
1103:
994:
923:
747:
1620:
1485:
1437:
1358:
1343:
1323:
1257:
1242:
1222:
1098:
1065:
1014:
969:
908:
712:
409:
Contreras, Carlos; Cueto, Marcos (2016). "República
Aristocrática. Civilismo, auge exportador y protestas sociales (1899-1919)".
216:
As
Congress continued to be adverse, Billinghurst decided to dissolve it and then hold a plebiscitary consultation to reform the
209:, dominated by the opposition. The continuous labour reforms implemented by his populist government, such as the approval of the
1791:
1743:
1176:
1727:
1549:
1495:
1475:
1422:
1378:
1373:
1353:
1348:
1328:
1159:
1128:
999:
979:
903:
857:
841:
799:
1267:
1154:
989:
794:
1717:
1630:
1511:
1447:
1192:
877:
862:
826:
804:
316:
In the early morning of
February 4, 1914, the Lima garrison started the coup under the direction of Colonel Benavides. The
1050:
934:
816:
1712:
1697:
1676:
1599:
1589:
1480:
1432:
1217:
939:
913:
386:
343:
333:
28:
1212:
182:, who a day earlier was removed from his position as chief of the Army General Staff. The coup was aimed at preventing
351:
250:
1490:
1318:
1143:
1138:
1118:
1055:
1019:
984:
918:
773:
742:
737:
727:
717:
362:, leader of the civilistas, as a consensus candidate for early elections. Opposite his popular candidacy was that of
1399:
1166:
662:
308:
beginning the government repression on
February 2, 1914. Several opposition politicians and deputies were arrested,
1664:
1574:
1415:
1252:
1070:
1009:
898:
757:
325:
1113:
1004:
957:
872:
831:
778:
752:
722:
36:
1801:
1707:
1594:
1394:
1237:
1197:
962:
944:
882:
1410:
1282:
1277:
1806:
974:
62:
1171:
1659:
1528:
374:
359:
329:
317:
275:
254:
89:
286:
1029:
867:
297:
202:
183:
154:
83:
1247:
1796:
1086:
221:
363:
301:
179:
166:
606:. Vol. 1. De San Martín a Leguía (1821-1930) (3rd ed.). Lima: AFA Editores Importadores S.A.
1518:
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1363:
1024:
355:
280:
259:
217:
1287:
291:
239:
783:
585:
440:
123:
368:
94:
1207:
631:
1554:
1108:
693:
651:
616:
588:
414:
187:
98:
238:
To maintain constitutional formality, a group of congressmen, meeting at the house of deputy
226:
1702:
1292:
1081:
1060:
641:
266:
206:
811:
347:
462:
1427:
732:
271:
210:
1785:
1569:
577:
135:
190:, which opposed him. It was the first successful coup d'état of the 20th century in
1722:
244:
1075:
1442:
655:
1764:
1635:
1034:
697:
646:
460:
Planas, Pedro (2000-07-30). "La destitución del presidente
Billinghurst".
1148:
788:
1500:
1468:
1404:
321:
346:, returning power to the oligarchy. Benavides met a convention of the
1463:
436:"Un repaso por las peores crisis políticas nacionales del siglo XX"
951:
928:
205:'s government was marked by a progressive confrontation with the
1653:
1457:
632:"1914. Sociedad y parlamento: reflexiones en torno a una crisis"
191:
66:
666:
613:
Historia del Perú: La República Oligárquica (1850-1950)
413:(in Spanish). Lima: Editorial Septiembre. p. 10.
1736:
1685:
1613:
1537:
1387:
1301:
1185:
1043:
891:
850:
766:
705:
270:, who was opposed to the government; the Montonero
178:took place on January 4, 1914, headed by Colonel
700:, and attempted coups in the Americas since 1900
21:
678:
582:Historia de la República del Perú (1822–1933)
8:
404:
402:
332:, was murdered, shot while he slept in the
685:
671:
663:
35:
18:
645:
500:
488:
455:
453:
451:
342:The coup d'état broke the continuity of
560:
548:
536:
524:
512:
398:
615:(1st ed.). Lima: Lexus Editores.
476:
637:Apuntes. Revista de ciencias sociales
7:
1812:1910s coups d'état and coup attempts
358:parties that chose former president
186:'s government from dissolving the
14:
586:Empresa Editora El Comercio S. A.
344:twenty years of civil governments
434:Orrego, Juan Luis (2020-11-10).
160:
148:
129:
117:
411:Historia del Perú contemporáneo
1:
630:Luna, Pablo F. (1989-12-16).
387:Aristocratic Republic (Peru)
264:, director of the newspaper
1828:
1621:Trinidad and Tobago (1990)
611:Orrego, Juan Luis (2000).
602:Chirinos, Enrique (1985).
41:The Military Junta of 1914
1757:
1344:Dominican Republic (1963)
176:1914 Peruvian coup d'état
141:
110:
45:
34:
26:
22:1914 Peruvian coup d'état
604:Historia de la República
207:Congress of the Republic
16:1914 coup d'état in Peru
647:10.21678/apuntes.24.291
334:Santa Catalina barracks
330:Enrique Varela Vidaurre
90:Enrique Varela Vidaurre
1792:Military coups in Peru
584:(9th ed.). Lima:
551:, Vol. 13, p. 172–173.
539:, Vol. 12, p. 121–122.
527:, Vol. 12, p. 112–115.
515:, Vol. 12, p. 109–110.
298:Manuel Prado Ugarteche
255:Alberto Ulloa Cisneros
203:Guillermo Billinghurst
184:Guillermo Billinghurst
155:Guillermo Billinghurst
142:Commanders and leaders
84:Guillermo Billinghurst
29:Aristocratic Republic
360:José Pardo y Barreda
1177:Paraguay (Sep 1949)
274:; and the brothers
1524:El Salvador (1979)
1433:El Salvador (1972)
1314:El Salvador (1961)
1309:El Salvador (1960)
1139:El Salvador (1948)
924:El Salvador (1931)
563:, Vol. 13, p. 178.
302:Óscar R. Benavides
222:Mariano H. Cornejo
180:Óscar R. Benavides
167:Óscar R. Benavides
124:Government of Peru
78:Military victory:
1779:
1778:
1590:Panama (Mar 1988)
837:Costa Rica (1917)
466:. pp. 18–19.
420:978-612-308-173-7
364:Carlos de Piérola
324:. Meanwhile, the
318:Government Palace
251:1860 Constitution
188:Peruvian Congress
172:
171:
106:
105:
63:Government Palace
1819:
1802:1914 in politics
1713:Venezuela (2002)
1672:Guatemala (1993)
1585:Haiti (Sep 1988)
1580:Haiti (Jun 1988)
1565:Guatemala (1983)
1560:Guatemala (1982)
1486:Argentina (1976)
1448:Chile (Sep 1973)
1443:Chile (Jun 1973)
1364:Argentina (1966)
1334:Guatemala (1963)
1324:Argentina (1962)
1273:Venezuela (1958)
1263:Guatemala (1957)
1238:Argentina (1955)
1233:Guatemala (1954)
1198:Argentina (1951)
1134:Venezuela (1948)
1124:Nicaragua (1947)
1104:Venezuela (1945)
1066:Argentina (1943)
995:Nicaragua (1936)
909:Argentina (1930)
827:Haiti (Nov 1914)
817:Haiti (Jan 1914)
748:Venezuela (1908)
687:
680:
673:
664:
659:
649:
626:
607:
598:
564:
558:
552:
546:
540:
534:
528:
522:
516:
510:
504:
498:
492:
486:
480:
474:
468:
467:
457:
446:
445:
431:
425:
424:
406:
375:Democratic Party
372:
295:
284:
263:
248:
230:
165:
164:
163:
153:
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151:
134:
133:
132:
122:
121:
120:
47:
46:
39:
19:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1807:History of Lima
1782:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1761:successful coup
1753:
1732:
1728:Honduras (2009)
1698:Paraguay (2000)
1681:
1677:Paraguay (1996)
1626:Suriname (1990)
1609:
1605:Paraguay (1989)
1555:Dominica (1981)
1545:Suriname (1980)
1533:
1496:Honduras (1978)
1476:Honduras (1975)
1423:Honduras (1972)
1383:
1349:Honduras (1963)
1297:
1258:Colombia (1957)
1253:Honduras (1956)
1228:Paraguay (1954)
1223:Colombia (1953)
1181:
1167:Colombia (1949)
1144:Paraguay (1948)
1051:Paraguay (1940)
1039:
1020:Paraguay (1937)
990:Paraguay (1936)
887:
846:
774:Paraguay (1911)
762:
743:Paraguay (1908)
738:Paraguay (1905)
728:Paraguay (1904)
718:Paraguay (1902)
713:Colombia (1900)
701:
691:
640:(24): 179–198.
629:
623:
610:
601:
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573:
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559:
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543:
535:
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458:
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366:
326:Minister of War
289:
278:
257:
242:
224:
200:
161:
159:
149:
147:
130:
128:
118:
116:
95:Óscar Benavides
69:
53:4 February 1914
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1825:
1823:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1784:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1771:attempted coup
1767:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1749:Bolivia (2024)
1746:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1693:Ecuador (2000)
1689:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1575:Bolivia (1984)
1572:
1570:Grenada (1983)
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1550:Bolivia (1980)
1547:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1529:Bolivia (1979)
1526:
1521:
1519:Grenada (1979)
1516:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1498:
1493:
1491:Ecuador (1976)
1488:
1483:
1481:Ecuador (1975)
1478:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1455:
1453:Bolivia (1974)
1450:
1445:
1440:
1438:Uruguay (1973)
1435:
1430:
1428:Ecuador (1972)
1425:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1402:
1400:Bolivia (1970)
1397:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1379:Bolivia (1969)
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1354:Bolivia (1964)
1351:
1346:
1341:
1339:Ecuador (1963)
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1319:Ecuador (1961)
1316:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1283:Bolivia (1959)
1280:
1278:Bolivia (1958)
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1218:Bolivia (1952)
1215:
1210:
1208:Bolivia (1951)
1205:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1172:Bolivia (1949)
1169:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1119:Ecuador (1947)
1116:
1111:
1109:Bolivia (1946)
1106:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1073:
1071:Bolivia (1943)
1068:
1063:
1061:Uruguay (1942)
1058:
1053:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1010:Bolivia (1937)
1007:
1005:Ecuador (1936)
1002:
1000:Bolivia (1936)
997:
992:
987:
985:Ecuador (1935)
982:
980:Bolivia (1934)
977:
972:
970:Uruguay (1933)
967:
966:
965:
960:
949:
948:
947:
942:
937:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
899:Bolivia (1930)
895:
893:
889:
888:
886:
885:
883:Ecuador (1925)
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
858:Bolivia (1920)
854:
852:
848:
847:
845:
844:
839:
834:
829:
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627:
621:
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593:
578:Basadre, Jorge
572:
569:
566:
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553:
541:
529:
517:
505:
503:, p. 475.
493:
491:, p. 474.
481:
479:, p. 876.
469:
447:
426:
419:
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394:
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389:
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379:
352:Constitutional
272:Augusto Durand
211:eight-hour day
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1606:
1603:
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1600:Panama (1989)
1598:
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1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
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1426:
1424:
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1417:
1414:
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1409:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1369:Panama (1968)
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1359:Brazil (1964)
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
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1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1288:Brazil (1959)
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1248:Brazil (1956)
1246:
1244:
1243:Brazil (1955)
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1203:Panama (1951)
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
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1156:
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1150:
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1145:
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1135:
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1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1099:Brazil (1945)
1097:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1056:Panama (1941)
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1025:Brazil (1938)
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1015:Brazil (1937)
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
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986:
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946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
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927:
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922:
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919:Panama (1931)
917:
915:
914:Brazil (1930)
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
894:
890:
884:
881:
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869:
868:Brazil (1922)
866:
864:
863:Mexico (1920)
861:
859:
856:
855:
853:
849:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
812:Mexico (1913)
810:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
792:
790:
787:
785:
784:Mexico (1911)
782:
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771:
769:
765:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
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733:Brazil (1904)
731:
729:
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724:
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240:Arturo Osores
236:
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88:Execution of
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82:Overthrow of
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38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
1797:1914 in Peru
1770:
1769:no sign for
1718:Haiti (2004)
1708:Haiti (2001)
1631:Haiti (1991)
1595:Haiti (1989)
1395:Haiti (1970)
1268:Haiti (1958)
1193:Haiti (1950)
1114:Haiti (1946)
1035:Chile (1939)
1030:Chile (1938)
878:Chile (1925)
873:Chile (1924)
832:Haiti (1915)
821:
779:Haiti (1911)
753:Haiti (1908)
723:Haiti (1902)
635:
612:
603:
581:
571:Bibliography
561:Basadre 2005
556:
549:Basadre 2005
544:
537:Basadre 2005
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525:Basadre 2005
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513:Basadre 2005
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218:Constitution
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111:Belligerents
77:
27:Part of the
1744:Peru (2022)
1723:Peru (2005)
1703:Peru (2000)
1374:Peru (1968)
1329:Peru (1962)
1293:Cuba (1959)
1213:Cuba (1952)
1129:Peru (1948)
1076:El Salvador
975:Cuba (1933)
904:Peru (1930)
842:Peru (1919)
822:Peru (1914)
758:Peru (1909)
477:Orrego 2000
441:El Comercio
367: [
290: [
279: [
258: [
243: [
225: [
1786:Categories
698:self-coups
393:References
373:, for the
328:, General
1765:self-coup
1636:Venezuela
963:September
940:September
656:2223-1757
310:La Prensa
267:La Prensa
99:president
1665:November
1647:November
1642:February
1512:November
1464:February
1160:February
1149:Paraguay
945:December
800:February
789:Paraguay
580:(2005).
381:See also
198:Overview
97:becomes
58:Location
1656:(1992)
1638:(1992)
1503:(1978)
1501:Bolivia
1460:(1975)
1411:January
1407:(1971)
1405:Bolivia
1155:January
1151:(1949)
1092:October
1078:(1944)
954:(1932)
931:(1931)
795:January
791:(1912)
356:Liberal
322:Iquique
1469:August
1416:August
654:
619:
591:
417:
276:Javier
74:Result
1737:2020s
1686:2000s
1660:April
1614:1990s
1538:1980s
1388:1970s
1302:1960s
1186:1950s
1082:April
1044:1940s
952:Chile
929:Chile
892:1930s
851:1920s
805:March
767:1910s
706:1900s
694:Coups
371:]
348:Civil
294:]
287:Jorge
283:]
262:]
247:]
229:]
1654:Peru
1507:July
1458:Peru
958:June
935:July
652:ISSN
617:ISBN
589:ISBN
415:ISBN
354:and
296:and
192:Peru
174:The
67:Lima
50:Date
1087:May
642:doi
1788::
696:,
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227:es
194:.
65:,
686:e
679:t
672:v
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597:.
444:.
423:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
