455:
109:
366:
2976:
30:
255:. Communities with less than 500 people were limited to two licensed establishments, with an additional licensed establishment permitted for each additional 500 persons in the community. The ordinance also mandated licensed hotels to provide food and lodging. Liquor laws were enforced by liquor inspectors, and if an individual was known to drink excessively, an order by two concurring
131:
470:, and some soldiers. These groups often invited American speakers to discuss the failures of prohibition, but their efforts were labeled as unpatriotic by prohibition proponents, as the United States had not yet entered the First World War. Opposition among men aged 18 to 40 was limited, as many were overseas for the war effort. Other arguments included the assertion that the
2154:
The
Government of Alberta did not provide an official turnout for the 1915 Alberta liquor plebiscite, however the estimated turnout would have been around 70 per cent of eligible voters. A total of 95,804 people voted in the plebiscite, while the population of the province in 1911 was 374,000, with a
430:
and the temperance campaign's battle against the "evil" of liquor. Proponents of prohibition also made strong arguments, such as the need to use valuable grains for the war effort rather than alcohol, and highlighted the irresponsible spending and neglect of family obligations by alcoholics. The TMRL
474:
was ineffective in shutting down illegal liquor channels. Critics also expressed concerns about potential corruption among government liquor vendors, the transformation of drug stores into liquor stores, and physicians turning into liquor salesmen. Additionally, opponents of prohibition pointed out
414:
was appointed
President of the Alberta-Saskatchewan Union of the WCTM, and she played a pivotal role in leading the organization through the prohibition plebiscite. Two years later, McKinney made history by becoming the first woman legislator in the British Empire after being elected as a Member of
517:
bars ran dry on June 29, and
Calgary bars reportedly ran out of beer by noon on June 30. Reporters in Edmonton witnessed patrons lining up to purchase liquor to take home instead of consuming it in the bar. Historian Hugh Dempsey noted that the day before prohibition was celebrated across Alberta
526:
due to the combined challenges of prohibition, reduced manpower from the First World War, and additional domestic wartime responsibilities. Despite prohibition, Albertans found various ways to circumvent the law, such as consuming spirits with alcohol content below 2.5 percent, and engaging in
384:. T. H. Miller served as the president of the TMRL leading up to the plebiscite. Both the WCTM and TMRL aimed to ensure the election of temperance MLAs, regardless of party affiliation, and found support among influential figures in Alberta such as Lieutenant Governor
534:
The financial impact of prohibition on the
Alberta government was significant, as revenue from government-controlled liquor sales dropped to nearly zero in 1916 and only began to recover in 1919 when doctors started writing wholesale prescriptions in response to the
546:, and Albertans once again voted in favor of maintaining prohibition and banning the importation of liquor across provincial borders, which meant a return to the federal First World War prohibition law. However, the margin was smaller, with 60.55 per cent in favor.
521:
Prohibition proved difficult for the government to enforce, as the North-West
Mounted Police refused to carry out the resource-intensive law. Consequently, in March 1917, the Alberta government withdrew the North-West Mounted Police and established the
219:. Alberta voters approved the plebiscite on prohibition, which was implemented eleven months after the vote. The June 21, 1915 plebiscite was the first of three province-wide plebiscites held in a seven-year period related to liquor in Alberta.
513:. On June 30, 1916, the last day of liquor service, a large number of people crowded into hotels and bars. However, bar operators struggled to estimate the necessary liquor supplies, as they didn't want to be left with excess inventory.
380:(WCTM) and the Temperance and Moral Reform League (TMRL), along with the United Farmers of Alberta. While sharing similar ideals, the TMRL was structured as a political party, with a central executive and local organizations in each of
479:. The anti-prohibition groups invited speaker A.C. Windle, who vividly described the potential issues arising from prohibition, such as the loss of economic activity and jobs for bartenders, hotel employees, truck drivers, and others.
323:
Recognizing the potential revenue generated through licensing, the
Liberal government hesitated to fully commit to prohibition, preferring instead to advocate for incremental reforms aimed at improving conditions related to liquor.
251:, which was administered by the Board of License Commissioners rather than the local government. This followed a model already in place in Ontario and Manitoba. The ordinance permitted hotels in communities to obtain a
286:, prohibition was approved by a clear majority of voters, with 68.8 per cent in favor. Despite the slim national majority, Laurier's government chose not to introduce a federal bill to implement prohibition.
278:, a slim majority of the country approved prohibition, with 51.26 per cent in favor and 44 percent of the Canadian electorate participating. In the North-West Territories, which included present-day Alberta,
527:
private importation although prohibited by federal law during the First World War and again after 1920. Additionally, alcohol for medicinal purposes remained available. It's worth noting that
Alberta's
454:
435:
316,574,914 in 2023) and allocated a $ 30,000 budget for their campaign. The TMRL organized speakers from across Canada and the United States to discuss the benefits of prohibition, including
539:
pandemic. Rejecting the plebiscite would have reduced the government deficit by at least $ 1 million annually. In 1914, the government had reported an income of $ 251,575 from liquor licenses.
241:
327:
Responding swiftly to the introduction of direct legislation, the temperance movement submitted a petition signed by 23,656 individuals calling for a "Prohibitory Liquor Act" to
Premier
211:. The plebiscite was the culmination of years of lobbying by the province's temperance movements and agricultural groups, and was proposed through the recently implemented form of
719:
2015:
553:, and this time the electorate overwhelmingly approved government-controlled liquor sales and the end of prohibition in Alberta, seven years after it was implemented.
1583:
313:
1745:
1097:
381:
1610:
854:
422:
The public face of the prohibition movement mainly comprised preachers and newspapers. They effectively drew parallels between the struggle of soldiers in the
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
1448:
746:
3390:
2942:
1556:
2964:
2096:
2042:
1961:
1799:
1232:
1016:
962:
935:
1988:
1772:
1259:
692:
240:
from purchasing liquor from
American whiskey traders. However, white settlers were allowed to import liquor with readily available approval from the
2123:
1907:
1853:
1826:
1718:
1691:
1664:
1070:
1043:
989:
908:
1502:
1421:
1313:
881:
232:
Prohibition was not a new concept for
Albertans. Prior to the creation of the Province of Alberta in 1905, prohibition had been in effect in the
2069:
1637:
1475:
665:
316:
also embraced the issue, committing to holding a plebiscite on prohibition during their party convention in March 1912. Finally, in 1913, the
2693:
1934:
1340:
1124:
377:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
2930:
1529:
275:
3325:
550:
1286:
3385:
2980:
2831:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3196:
2184:
1880:
509:
The aftermath was challenging for hotels and clubs, with many of them closing down or being sold prior to the enforcement of the
476:
3320:
2988:
1394:
1205:
543:
3335:
2957:
263:
3345:
3340:
3330:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
1151:
416:
2929:
McCallum, Riane (2017). "Banish the Bar! Temperance Campaigns in Alberta, Late 1800s - Early 1900s". In Shaw, Amy (ed.).
2155:
voting population of approximately 107,487, which is estimated to have increased to between 136,000 and 140,000 by 1915.
3163:
1178:
389:
339:
2684:
Crerar, Duff (2006). "Enthusiasm Embattled". In Wetherell, Donald Grant; Payne, Michael; Cavanaugh, Catherine (eds.).
506:, and the binding plebiscite implemented prohibition in Alberta effective July 1, 1916, eleven months after the vote.
331:. According to the law, the premier was obligated to either pass such legislation or hold a referendum on the issue.
401:
274:
government would give Canadians the opportunity to express their opinion on the sale of liquor. In the non-binding
3395:
2950:
523:
305:
3400:
2887:"Prohibition Plebiscites on the Prairies: (Not-So) Direct Legislation and Liquor Control in Alberta, 1915–1932"
2849:
440:
2886:
3350:
335:
300:
271:
237:
2642:
494:, argued against prohibition and instead advocated for the idea of temperance without legal consequences.
444:
233:
236:
from 1873 to 1891. During this time, the federal policy of prohibition aimed to prevent the Territories'
393:
309:
204:
2734:
From Prohibition to Administrative Regulation: The Battle for Liquor Control in Alberta, 1916 to 1939
256:
354:, leading the Legislature to move forward with submitting the Liquor Act to a vote of the electors.
350:. A week later, on October 19, the committee declared that the petition met the requirements of the
3364:
463:
385:
343:
2917:
2802:
295:
2909:
2827:
2794:
2720:
2712:
2689:
514:
2901:
2823:
2784:
2737:
490:
467:
431:
estimated that liquor sales in Alberta cost the public $ 12,292,215 per year (equivalent to
406:
212:
376:
Alberta's drive for prohibition was primarily driven forward by two temperance groups: the
1367:
432:
423:
411:
372:, President of the Alberta-Saskatchewan Union of the Women's Christian Temperance Movement
369:
267:
2724:
2816:
2761:
2189:
800:
484:
427:
262:
Prohibition remained a significant national issue in the late 19th century. During the
252:
365:
3379:
2921:
2870:
Journals, Second Session of the Third Legislative Assembly of the Province of Alberta
2868:
827:
436:
397:
328:
347:
279:
536:
338:. To study the petition, a special committee was formed, consisting of Members
2905:
773:
196:
2913:
2798:
2716:
247:
In 1891, prohibition was repealed in the North-West Territories through the
283:
2806:
518:
with minimal disruption or arrests, thanks to prepared police officers.
2975:
200:
2789:
2772:
2742:
400:. Additional arguments advocating for prohibition were published in
531:
did not prohibit the manufacturing of liquor within the province.
453:
364:
334:
On October 13, 1914, Premier Sifton presented the petition in the
320:
was passed by the legislature, bringing the concept to fruition.
2946:
447:, who publicly supported the cause through his newspaper, the
2629:
2345:
2333:
2321:
294:
After the confederation of Alberta in 1905, the movement for
2703:
Dempsey, Hugh A. (Spring 2010). "The day Alberta went dry".
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
259:
could prevent that person from buying liquor for one year.
2773:"Temperance, Education and The WCTU in Alberta, 1905–1930"
2356:
2354:
304:
highlighted the benefits of direct legislation, while the
2613:
2611:
2477:
2475:
2404:
2402:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
443:. One surprising ally for the prohibition proponents was
2753:
Eric J. Hanson's financial history of Alberta, 1905-1950
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2492:
2490:
2419:
2417:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2550:
2548:
2932:
Historicity: Essays on the History of Southern Alberta
502:
The province voted overwhelmingly in favor of the new
458:
A Calgary Sunday school promoting the prohibition vote
3308:
3233:
3195:
3162:
2987:
2185:"Majority For Liquor Act In Neighborhood of 20,000"
84:
2815:
2763:The Canadian Annual Review of Public Affairs, 1915
462:Arguments against prohibition primarily came from
2766:. Toronto: The Annual Review Publishing Company.
357:The referendum was scheduled for July 21, 1915.
2755:. Calgary, Alta.: University of Calgary Press.
2958:
8:
2938:. University of Lethbridge. pp. 85–119.
308:, gaining momentum, exerted pressure on the
21:
2736:(Thesis). Edmonton: University of Alberta.
415:the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in the
298:began to take shape. Articles published in
2965:
2951:
2943:
451:, despite his reputation as an alcoholic.
2873:. Vol. X. Edmonton: Queen's Printer.
2854:. Vol. XI. Edmonton: Queen's Printer
2788:
2741:
2688:. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press.
542:In 1920, the government of Canada held a
228:Prohibition in the North-West Territories
560:
90:
75:Do you approve of the proposed act, the
2617:
2602:
2539:
2527:
2508:
2496:
2481:
2447:
2435:
2423:
2408:
2381:
2164:
605:
2867:Alberta. Legislative Assembly (1914).
2848:Alberta. Legislative Assembly (1915).
2667:
2590:
2578:
2566:
2554:
2466:
2393:
2360:
2300:
2283:
2271:
2259:
2247:
2235:
2223:
2211:
2171:
482:The two major Alberta newspapers, the
203:whether the province should implement
20:
378:Women's Christian Temperance Movement
7:
3177:27th Alberta Legislature (2008–2012)
3172:26th Alberta Legislature (2004–2008)
2981:Elections and referendums in Alberta
276:1898 Canadian prohibition plebiscite
2686:Alberta formed, Alberta transformed
3391:Prohibition referendums in Alberta
2777:The Journal of Educational Thought
2630:Alberta. Legislative Assembly 1915
2346:Alberta. Legislative Assembly 1914
2334:Alberta. Legislative Assembly 1914
2322:Alberta. Legislative Assembly 1914
544:national plebiscite on prohibition
14:
2771:Sheehan, Nancy M. (August 1980).
2643:"Full Results of Plebiscite Vote"
2312:Edmonton Bulletin, March 26, 1913
312:government starting in 1909. The
2974:
549:In 1923, the Alberta government
129:
107:
28:
2826:: University of Toronto Press.
477:repealed their prohibition laws
624:Rejected, spoiled and declined
475:that many American states had
264:1896 Canadian federal election
193:1915 Alberta liquor plebiscite
22:1915 Alberta liquor plebiscite
1:
2885:Hamill, Sarah E. (May 2015).
2814:Thomas, Lewis Gwynne (1959).
2093:
2066:
2039:
1985:
1958:
1931:
1823:
1769:
1715:
1661:
1634:
1580:
1553:
1526:
1499:
1472:
1445:
1418:
1391:
1337:
1310:
1256:
1229:
1202:
1148:
1094:
1067:
1040:
1013:
986:
959:
932:
905:
878:
851:
824:
797:
689:
662:
579:
382:Alberta's electoral districts
3187:29th Legislature (2015–2019)
3182:28th Legislature (2012–2015)
2818:The Liberal Party in Alberta
2760:Hopkins, J. Castell (1916).
2732:Hamill, Sarah E. M. (2014).
2649:. August 26, 1915. p. 2
390:Alexander Cameron Rutherford
2120:
2012:
1904:
1877:
1850:
1796:
1742:
1688:
1607:
1364:
1283:
1175:
1121:
770:
743:
716:
592:
3417:
2193:. July 22, 1915. p. 1
402:William McCartney Davidson
396:, and Conservative leader
207:by ratifying the proposed
3359:
2906:10.1017/S0738248015000097
639:
634:
627:
622:
594:
581:
568:
563:
524:Alberta Provincial Police
306:United Farmers of Alberta
101:
98:
89:
73:
42:
26:
3386:1915 elections in Canada
3197:Senate nominee elections
2751:Hanson, Eric J. (2003).
2190:The Calgary Daily Herald
361:Arguments on prohibition
249:Liquor License Ordinance
551:held another plebiscite
336:3rd Alberta Legislature
301:The Grain Growers Guide
253:license to serve liquor
158:Invalid or blank votes
50:July 21, 1915
2894:Law and History Review
564:Province wide returns
459:
373:
352:Direct Legislation Act
318:Direct Legislation Act
234:North-West Territories
217:Direct Legislation Act
557:Tabulation of results
457:
441:Ontario Liberal Party
417:1917 general election
394:William Henry Cushing
368:
257:justices of the peace
238:Indigenous population
635:Returns by district
439:, the leader of the
3365:Elections in Canada
3234:Municipal elections
2632:, pp. 609–610.
464:Ukrainian Canadians
426:against the "evil"
386:George H. V. Bulyea
344:John M. Glendenning
242:Lieutenant Governor
23:
2469:, p. 391–392.
460:
449:Calgary Eye-Opener
374:
314:Conservative Party
296:direct legislation
290:Direct legislation
3373:
3372:
2989:General elections
2790:10.7939/R3R20S542
2743:10.7939/R3T727Q37
2695:978-1-55238-196-0
2363:, pp. 55–56.
2147:
2146:
199:to ask voters in
189:
188:
185:
184:
64:
63:
3408:
3396:July 1915 events
2979:
2978:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2944:
2939:
2937:
2925:
2891:
2874:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2837:
2824:Toronto, Ontario
2821:
2810:
2792:
2767:
2756:
2747:
2745:
2728:
2699:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2647:Wetaskiwin Times
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2485:
2479:
2470:
2464:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2412:
2406:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2364:
2358:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2214:, p. 37–38.
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2181:
2175:
2169:
561:
491:Edmonton Journal
468:French Canadians
407:Calgary Albertan
270:promised that a
213:direct democracy
133:
132:
111:
110:
91:
69:
68:
57:
55:
44:
43:
38:
37:
33:
32:
31:
24:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3401:1915 in Alberta
3376:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3355:
3304:
3229:
3191:
3158:
2983:
2973:
2971:
2935:
2928:
2889:
2884:
2881:
2879:Further reading
2866:
2857:
2855:
2851:Alberta Gazette
2847:
2842:Primary Sources
2834:
2813:
2770:
2759:
2750:
2731:
2705:Alberta History
2702:
2696:
2683:
2675:
2674:
2666:
2662:
2652:
2650:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2628:
2624:
2616:
2609:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2585:
2577:
2573:
2565:
2561:
2553:
2546:
2538:
2534:
2526:
2515:
2507:
2503:
2495:
2488:
2480:
2473:
2465:
2454:
2446:
2442:
2434:
2430:
2422:
2415:
2407:
2400:
2392:
2388:
2380:
2367:
2359:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2332:
2328:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2299:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2270:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2234:
2230:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2152:
1368:Lethbridge City
559:
500:
424:First World War
412:Louise McKinney
370:Louise McKinney
363:
340:George P. Smith
292:
282:, and parts of
268:Wilfrid Laurier
230:
225:
130:
108:
96:
80:
67:
66:
65:
53:
51:
36:
35:
34:
29:
27:
19:
18:1915 referendum
12:
11:
5:
3414:
3412:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3378:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3201:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2993:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2926:
2900:(2): 377–410.
2880:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2864:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2832:
2811:
2783:(2): 108–124.
2768:
2757:
2748:
2729:
2700:
2694:
2680:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2660:
2634:
2622:
2620:, p. 133.
2607:
2605:, p. 698.
2595:
2583:
2571:
2559:
2544:
2532:
2513:
2501:
2486:
2484:, p. 132.
2471:
2452:
2450:, p. 121.
2440:
2438:, p. 120.
2428:
2413:
2411:, p. 130.
2398:
2386:
2384:, p. 695.
2365:
2350:
2338:
2326:
2314:
2305:
2303:, p. 139.
2288:
2276:
2274:, p. 138.
2264:
2252:
2240:
2228:
2216:
2204:
2176:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1746:Rocky Mountain
1743:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1098:Edmonton South
1095:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
987:
984:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
960:
957:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
933:
930:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
906:
903:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
879:
876:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
852:
849:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
825:
822:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
801:Centre Calgary
798:
795:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
771:
768:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
744:
741:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
717:
714:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
690:
687:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
663:
660:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
637:
636:
632:
631:
626:
620:
619:
614:
609:
603:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
576:
573:
570:
566:
565:
558:
555:
499:
496:
485:Calgary Herald
428:Central Powers
362:
359:
291:
288:
229:
226:
224:
221:
195:was the first
187:
186:
183:
182:
177:
172:
166:
165:
162:
159:
155:
154:
151:
148:
144:
143:
140:
137:
126:
125:
120:
115:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
87:
86:
82:
81:
74:
71:
70:
62:
61:
59:
47:
40:
39:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3413:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2977:
2968:
2963:
2961:
2956:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2934:
2933:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2865:
2853:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2833:9780802050830
2829:
2825:
2820:
2819:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2670:, p. 77.
2669:
2664:
2661:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2596:
2593:, p. 81.
2592:
2587:
2584:
2581:, p. 69.
2580:
2575:
2572:
2569:, p. 68.
2568:
2563:
2560:
2557:, p. 67.
2556:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2542:, p. 15.
2541:
2536:
2533:
2530:, p. 13.
2529:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2511:, p. 12.
2510:
2505:
2502:
2499:, p. 11.
2498:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2429:
2426:, p. 10.
2425:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2396:, p. 56.
2395:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2348:, p. 58.
2347:
2342:
2339:
2336:, p. 26.
2335:
2330:
2327:
2324:, p. 23.
2323:
2318:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2286:, p. 54.
2285:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2265:
2262:, p. 47.
2261:
2256:
2253:
2250:, p. 46.
2249:
2244:
2241:
2238:, p. 45.
2237:
2232:
2229:
2226:, p. 44.
2225:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2174:, p. 34.
2173:
2168:
2165:
2158:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:Pincher Creek
1609:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1287:Lac Ste. Anne
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
991:
988:
985:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
964:
961:
958:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
937:
934:
931:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
910:
907:
904:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
883:
880:
877:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
856:
855:South Calgary
853:
850:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
829:
828:North Calgary
826:
823:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
802:
799:
796:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
775:
772:
769:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
748:
745:
742:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
721:
718:
715:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
694:
691:
688:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
667:
664:
661:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
638:
633:
630:
625:
621:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
604:
600:
597:
591:
587:
584:
578:
574:
571:
567:
562:
556:
554:
552:
547:
545:
540:
538:
532:
530:
525:
519:
516:
512:
507:
505:
497:
495:
493:
492:
487:
486:
480:
478:
473:
469:
465:
456:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
437:Newton Rowell
434:
429:
425:
420:
418:
413:
409:
408:
403:
399:
398:R. B. Bennett
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
371:
367:
360:
358:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
332:
330:
329:Arthur Sifton
325:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
302:
297:
289:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
260:
258:
254:
250:
245:
243:
239:
235:
227:
222:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
167:
163:
160:
157:
156:
152:
149:
146:
145:
141:
138:
136:
128:
127:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
106:
105:
93:
92:
88:
83:
78:
72:
60:
58:
48:
46:
45:
41:
25:
16:
3315:
3164:By-elections
3152:
2931:
2897:
2893:
2869:
2856:. Retrieved
2850:
2817:
2780:
2776:
2762:
2752:
2733:
2708:
2704:
2685:
2663:
2651:. Retrieved
2646:
2637:
2625:
2618:Sheehan 1980
2603:Hopkins 1916
2598:
2586:
2574:
2562:
2540:Dempsey 2010
2535:
2528:Dempsey 2010
2509:Dempsey 2010
2504:
2497:Dempsey 2010
2482:Sheehan 1980
2448:Sheehan 1980
2443:
2436:Sheehan 1980
2431:
2424:Dempsey 2010
2409:Sheehan 1980
2389:
2382:Hopkins 1916
2341:
2329:
2317:
2308:
2279:
2267:
2255:
2243:
2231:
2219:
2207:
2195:. Retrieved
2188:
2179:
2167:
2153:
1449:Medicine Hat
747:Beaver River
628:
623:
616:
611:
606:
548:
541:
533:
528:
520:
510:
508:
503:
501:
489:
483:
481:
471:
461:
448:
421:
405:
375:
356:
351:
348:Albert Ewing
333:
326:
322:
317:
299:
293:
280:Saskatchewan
261:
248:
246:
231:
216:
208:
192:
190:
179:
174:
169:
147:Valid votes
134:
122:
117:
112:
77:"Liquor Act"
76:
49:
15:
3309:Referendums
2858:January 14,
2678:Works cited
2668:Hamill 2014
2591:Hanson 2003
2579:Hamill 2014
2567:Hamill 2014
2555:Hamill 2014
2467:Crerar 2006
2394:Hamill 2014
2361:Hamill 2014
2301:Thomas 1959
2284:Hamill 2014
2272:Thomas 1959
2260:Hamill 2014
2248:Hamill 2014
2236:Hamill 2014
2224:Hamill 2014
2212:Hamill 2014
2197:January 14,
2172:Hamill 2014
1881:Stony Plain
1557:Peace River
537:Spanish flu
445:Bob Edwards
410:. In 1908,
392:, Minister
205:prohibition
170:Total votes
3380:Categories
3363:See also:
2725:A233501473
2159:References
2097:Wetaskiwin
2043:Wainwright
1962:Vegreville
1800:St. Albert
1395:Little Bow
1233:High River
1206:Hand Hills
1017:Coronation
963:Clearwater
936:Claresholm
774:Bow Valley
529:Liquor Act
511:Liquor Act
504:Liquor Act
472:Liquor Act
388:, Premier
223:Background
209:Liquor Act
197:plebiscite
54:1915-07-21
2922:147335687
2914:0738-2480
2799:0022-0701
2717:0316-1552
1989:Vermilion
1773:Sedgewick
1260:Innisfail
720:Athabasca
693:Alexandra
640:District
498:Aftermath
2807:23768682
2653:July 20,
2124:Whitford
2016:Victoria
1908:Sturgeon
1854:St. Paul
1827:Stettler
1719:Ribstone
1692:Redcliff
1665:Red Deer
1152:Gleichen
1071:Edmonton
1044:Didsbury
990:Cochrane
909:Cardston
515:Red Deer
284:Manitoba
153:100.26%
2150:Turnout
2137:59.19%
2131:40.81%
2110:34.29%
2104:65.71%
2083:43.83%
2077:56.17%
2056:37.51%
2050:62.49%
2029:43.45%
2023:56.55%
2002:37.12%
1996:62.88%
1975:37.12%
1969:62.88%
1948:33.36%
1942:66.64%
1921:50.26%
1915:49.74%
1894:93.30%
1867:73.15%
1861:26.85%
1840:31.35%
1834:68.65%
1813:70.17%
1807:29.83%
1786:27.83%
1780:72.17%
1759:61.24%
1753:38.76%
1732:30.13%
1726:69.88%
1705:51.87%
1699:48.13%
1678:28.51%
1672:71.49%
1651:35.45%
1645:64.55%
1624:54.01%
1618:45.99%
1597:41.26%
1591:58.74%
1584:Pembina
1570:38.78%
1564:61.22%
1543:30.63%
1537:69.37%
1516:42.34%
1510:57.66%
1503:Okotoks
1489:25.83%
1483:74.17%
1462:41.48%
1456:58.52%
1435:47.61%
1429:52.39%
1422:Macleod
1408:30.75%
1402:69.25%
1381:65.42%
1375:34.58%
1354:41.19%
1348:58.81%
1327:21.59%
1321:78.41%
1314:Lacombe
1300:60.63%
1294:39.37%
1273:28.21%
1267:71.79%
1246:27.94%
1240:72.06%
1219:29.67%
1213:70.33%
1192:73.95%
1186:26.05%
1179:Grouard
1165:38.31%
1159:61.69%
1138:53.71%
1132:46.29%
1111:33.45%
1105:66.55%
1084:37.27%
1078:62.73%
1057:21.24%
1051:78.76%
1030:29.69%
1024:70.31%
1003:28.27%
997:71.73%
976:36.67%
970:63.33%
949:28.91%
943:71.09%
922:20.65%
916:79.35%
895:27.55%
889:72.45%
882:Camrose
868:36.22%
862:63.78%
841:38.30%
835:61.70%
814:44.41%
808:55.59%
787:52.51%
781:47.49%
760:72.63%
754:27.37%
733:56.33%
727:43.67%
706:29.90%
700:70.10%
679:18.98%
673:81.02%
658:Yes/no
601:39.15%
598:37,509
588:60.85%
585:58,295
569:Option
310:Liberal
272:Liberal
201:Alberta
180:100.00%
150:95,804
142:39.15%
139:37,509
85:Results
79: ?
52: (
2920:
2912:
2830:
2805:
2797:
2723:
2715:
2692:
2140:1,017
2113:1,435
2070:Warner
2059:1,445
2032:1,397
2005:1,851
1993:1,164
1978:1,851
1966:1,164
1951:2,404
1939:1,602
1924:1,711
1888:6.70%
1843:2,153
1831:1,478
1816:1,056
1789:2,005
1777:1,447
1762:2,273
1756:1,392
1735:1,600
1723:1,118
1708:1,602
1681:1,708
1669:1,221
1654:1,086
1638:Ponoka
1600:1,018
1573:1,176
1546:1,381
1476:Nanton
1465:4,443
1459:1,843
1453:2,600
1411:1,486
1399:1,029
1384:2,860
1378:1,871
1357:1,180
1330:1,876
1318:1,471
1303:1,021
1276:1,092
1249:1,131
1222:2,460
1210:1,730
1168:1,326
1141:1,104
1114:3,393
1108:1,135
1102:2,258
1087:9,086
1081:3,386
1075:5,700
1060:1,949
1048:1,535
1033:2,098
1021:1,475
898:2,668
886:1,933
871:6,262
865:2,268
859:3,994
844:3,548
838:1,359
832:2,189
817:2,594
811:1,152
805:1,442
763:1,023
709:1,157
682:2,249
670:1,660
666:Acadia
655:Total
612:95,804
572:Votes
346:, and
215:, the
175:95,554
164:1.73%
161:1,649
123:60.85%
118:58,295
99:Votes
95:Choice
2936:(PDF)
2918:S2CID
2890:(PDF)
2803:JSTOR
2711:(2).
1935:Taber
1341:Leduc
1125:Edson
629:1,649
607:Total
433:CAD$
3351:2021
3346:1971
3341:1967
3336:1957
3331:1948
3326:1923
3321:1920
3316:1915
3300:2021
3295:2017
3290:2013
3285:2010
3280:2007
3276:2004
3273:2001
3270:1998
3267:1995
3264:1992
3261:1989
3258:1986
3255:1983
3252:1980
3249:1977
3246:1974
3243:1971
3240:1968
3225:2021
3220:2012
3215:2004
3210:1998
3205:1989
3153:Next
3147:2023
3142:2019
3137:2015
3132:2012
3127:2008
3122:2004
3117:2001
3112:1997
3107:1993
3102:1989
3097:1986
3092:1982
3087:1979
3082:1975
3077:1971
3072:1967
3067:1963
3062:1959
3057:1955
3052:1952
3047:1948
3042:1944
3037:1940
3032:1935
3027:1930
3022:1926
3017:1921
3012:1917
3007:1913
3002:1909
2997:1905
2910:ISSN
2860:2021
2828:ISBN
2795:ISSN
2721:Gale
2713:ISSN
2690:ISBN
2655:2021
2199:2021
2134:602
2128:415
2116:Yes
2107:492
2101:943
2089:Yes
2086:737
2080:323
2074:414
2062:Yes
2053:542
2047:903
2026:607
2020:790
2008:Yes
1999:687
1981:Yes
1972:687
1954:Yes
1945:802
1918:860
1912:851
1897:627
1891:585
1870:890
1864:651
1858:239
1846:Yes
1837:675
1810:741
1804:315
1792:Yes
1783:558
1750:881
1738:Yes
1729:482
1702:831
1696:771
1684:Yes
1675:487
1657:Yes
1648:385
1642:701
1627:835
1621:451
1615:384
1603:Yes
1594:420
1588:598
1576:Yes
1567:456
1561:720
1549:Yes
1540:423
1534:958
1530:Olds
1522:Yes
1519:888
1513:376
1507:512
1495:Yes
1492:929
1486:240
1480:689
1468:Yes
1441:Yes
1438:859
1432:409
1426:450
1414:Yes
1405:457
1372:989
1360:Yes
1351:486
1345:694
1333:Yes
1324:405
1297:619
1291:402
1279:Yes
1270:308
1264:784
1252:Yes
1243:316
1237:815
1225:Yes
1216:730
1195:645
1189:477
1183:168
1171:Yes
1162:508
1156:818
1135:593
1129:511
1117:Yes
1090:Yes
1063:Yes
1054:414
1036:Yes
1027:623
1009:Yes
1006:856
1000:242
994:614
982:Yes
955:Yes
952:934
946:270
940:664
928:Yes
925:959
919:198
913:761
901:Yes
892:735
874:Yes
847:Yes
820:Yes
790:558
784:293
778:265
757:743
751:280
736:909
730:512
724:397
712:Yes
703:346
697:811
685:Yes
676:389
643:Yes
617:100%
582:Yes
488:and
191:The
2902:doi
2785:doi
2738:doi
2143:No
2035:No
1927:No
1900:No
1885:42
1873:No
1819:No
1765:No
1711:No
1630:No
1387:No
1306:No
1198:No
1144:No
979:90
973:33
967:57
793:No
766:No
739:No
649:No
595:No
404:'s
113:Yes
3382::
2916:.
2908:.
2898:33
2896:.
2892:.
2822:.
2801:.
2793:.
2781:14
2779:.
2775:.
2719:.
2709:58
2707:.
2645:.
2610:^
2547:^
2516:^
2489:^
2474:^
2455:^
2416:^
2401:^
2368:^
2353:^
2291:^
2187:.
652:%
646:%
575:%
466:,
419:.
342:,
266:,
244:.
135:No
102:%
2966:e
2959:t
2952:v
2924:.
2904::
2862:.
2836:.
2809:.
2787::
2746:.
2740::
2727:.
2698:.
2657:.
2201:.
56:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
