601:
613:
1530:
41:
571:
340:
646:
632:
586:
355:
76:
62:
48:
350:
Numerous structures in the west coast suffered irreparable damage. Factories and production facilities were virtually destroyed, while bridges and roads were severely damaged. The earthquake caused several mudslides in areas where the intensity exceeded Level VII, but none caused numerous deaths.
507:), and 5.2 m (17 ft) at Point Jiguero. Several coastal villages were destroyed, and it has been estimated that 40 people drowned (32 in Aguadilla alone) as a direct result of the tsunami. The earthquake and consequent tsunami destroyed most historic vernacular residences in
416:
suffered structural damages and the
Degetau Hall was destroyed with its main entrance portico being the only standing structure left intact. These ruins were later preserved, and its portico would later on become a local landmark and the official emblem of the institution today.
314:
that swept the west coast of the island. The combined effects of the earthquake and tsunami made it one of the worst natural disasters that have struck the island. The losses resulting from the disaster were approximately 76–118 casualties and $ 4–29 million in property damage.
600:
351:
Also, the river currents were affected, which, in many cases affected the foundations of many bridges, resulting in their collapse. Telegraph cables under the ocean were damaged, cutting off the island from outside communication for a time.
369:
of the earthquake have been estimated somewhere between 76 and 116 deaths. Approximately 40 of these deaths were caused by the tsunami which swept shore communities. Damage to property was estimated to be between $ 4 and 29 million.
397:
1071:
Mariano G. Coronas Castro, Certifying
Official; Felix J. del Campo, State Historian; and Jorge Ortiz Colom, State Architect, Puerto Rico Historic Preservation Office. (San Juan, Puerto Rico) April 7, 1987. In
612:
852:
1493:
Brink, U.; Chaytor, J.; Flores, C.; Wei, Y.; Detmer, S.; Lucas, L.; Andrews, B.; Georgiopoulou, A. (2023). "Seafloor
Observations Eliminate a Landslide as the Source of the 1918 Puerto Rico Tsunami".
456:
499:
lashed the west coast of the island, probably 4–7 minutes after the main shock. The highest waves were estimated at 6.0 m (19.7 ft) in Point
Agujereada, 4.5 m (15 ft) at
476:
570:
2053:
531:
were reported immediately after the main earthquake. On
October 24 and November 12, two strong aftershocks were reported on the island. However, no damage was reported as a result.
539:
The response from the United States was to exempt the municipalities most affected from paying taxes for a short period immediately following the quake: those municipalities were
401:
679:
1008:
El Pórtico
Federico Degetau en la Universidad de Puerto Rico en Mayagüez: Su Historia estética, constructiva y simbólica así como sus influencias arquitectónicas en Mayagüez
40:
1609:
1260:
433:
1552:
783:
464:
396:, the largest city to be directly affected, 700 masonry buildings were damaged and 1,000 wooden houses, so many people were homeless. Major buildings like the
408:
were severely damaged. With fear because of the aftershocks, many people camped out in the hills for weeks. Some of the buildings of the recently founded
2136:
2046:
664:
830:
409:
1557:
1234:
512:
2094:
1602:
1758:
1076:. United States Department of the Interior. National Park Service. (Washington, D.C.) Page 3. Listing Reference Number 87000769. May 14, 1986.
1062:. United States Department of the Interior. National Park Service. (Washington, D.C.) Page 3. Listing Reference Number 84003150. 12 July 1984.
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113:
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1058:
Armando
Morales-Pares, State Architect, and Abelardo Gonzalez-Architect, State Historic Preservation Office, 23 May 1984. In
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449:
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445:
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684:
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472:
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1049:
National
Archives, Records of the Public Buildings Service, Record Group #121; Box #855; "Ponce, P.R., Custom House"
2236:
2130:
2118:
2001:
1810:
1721:
606:
Map showing the epicenters of all the magnitude 5 and greater earthquakes around Puerto Rico for the last 100 years
425:
88:
381:
and most of the stone and concrete buildings were either destroyed or partially damaged. The nearby
Spanish-built
2311:
2278:
2177:
2142:
1927:
413:
327:
off the northwestern coast of the island. The strongest ground shaking has been estimated at intensity IX on the
981:
2165:
1829:
1696:
455:
There were damages reported further afield throughout Puerto Rico, for example the original bell towers of the
328:
296:
1060:
National
Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form – Parque de Bombas de Ponce – (Ponce Firehouse)
592:
576:
540:
344:
2321:
2207:
2189:
2112:
2106:
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1949:
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386:
374:
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288:
152:
1157:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Corregimiento Plaza Theater / Oliver Theater"
559:. The U.S. appropriated funds for the repair of municipal buildings of the most affected municipalities.
2284:
2266:
2248:
1912:
1786:
1764:
1672:
1663:
1317:
1291:
1238:
1160:
1091:
1088:"National Register of Historic Places Registration: Residencia Armstrong-Toro / Casa de las Caricitides"
1025:
504:
405:
773:
1894:
1461:
1412:
1314:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Old Urban Cemetery / Cemeterio Municipal"
1288:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Casa de Piedra / Residence Amparo Roldan"
556:
500:
484:
460:
870:
331:. The resulting tsunami affected primarily the west coast towns of the island (primarily Mayaguez).
1392:
544:
382:
1343:
1130:
1428:
637:
516:
304:
118:
1330:
1173:
1097:
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906:
1506:
1577:
1562:
1313:
1287:
1156:
1109:
1087:
105:
1498:
1469:
1420:
787:
441:
437:
17:
1465:
1416:
339:
651:
1477:
960:
618:
Aguadilla Punta Borinquen Lighthouse Ruins—an 1889 lighthouse destroyed by the tsunami
440:
for example was damaged, prompting the mayoral office to temporarily relocated to the
2300:
1432:
1021:
1436:
645:
324:
807:
1567:
428:
was also badly affected, with reported damages to notable structures such as the
1373:
393:
280:
218:
2031:
1568:
Earthquakes and Tsunamis in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands by USGS.gov
1372:
Hornbach, M.J.; Mondziel, S.A.; Grindlay, N.R.; Frohlich, C.; Mann, P. (2008),
627:
528:
366:
354:
1510:
190:
177:
1549:
The Tectonic Setting and Geology of Puerto Rico and Its Surrounding Seafloor
300:
1587:
1473:
1424:
772:
National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) (1972),
1558:
Map of Tsunami wave heights in Puerto Rico by USC Tsunami Research Group
884:
722:
1502:
496:
343:
Damage caused to the "La Habanera de Infanzón y Rodríguez" building in
311:
303:
occurred off the northwestern coast of the island, somewhere along the
873:, 2002, hosted at University of Puerto Rico, accessed 24 October 2013
808:"Tsunami Hazards—A National Threat A Real Risk for the United States"
791:
323:
The epicenter of the 1918 San Fermín earthquake was located in the
353:
338:
1446:"On the earthquake hazards of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands"
1374:"Did a submarine landslide trigger the 1918 Puerto Rico tsunami?"
579:
after the first earthquake; further damage toppled the left tower
1110:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form"
1074:
National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form
2035:
1591:
1267:(in Spanish). Puerto Rico National Endowment for the Humanities
432:. Cities throughout the southern coast were also affected. The
724:
ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2012)
515:, surviving. Many of the historic tombs and mausolea of the
885:"Los pueblos de Puerto Rico y las iglesias de sus plazas"
358:
Simulation of the results of the tsunami on the coast of
1573:
1397:"The Porto Rico Earthquakes of October–November, 1918"
444:
until 1920. Other damaged buildings in Ponce were the
2019:
indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
1086:
del Campo, Felix Julian; Santiago, Hector F. (1987).
982:"Rincones de Mayagüez - Pórtico del Edificio Degetau"
680:
List of disasters in the United States by death toll
377:, the closest town to the earthquake epicenter, the
2217:
2152:
2069:
1992:
1940:
1885:
1860:
1820:
1777:
1743:
1706:
1654:
1623:
261:
253:
232:
224:
214:
206:
169:
161:
147:
139:
124:
111:
98:
87:
1531:Significant earthquake – Puerto Rico: Mona Passage
287:on October 11. The earthquake measured 7.1 on the
75:
1348:. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 12–16
1495:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
1450:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
1401:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
1553:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
835:(in Spanish), Talleres Graficos Interamericanos
2024:indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
2047:
1603:
871:Peter Aviles, "The Earthquake of the Century"
829:Subcomite de la Historia de Mayagüez (1960),
8:
1237:. USC Tsunami Research Group. Archived from
855:A 92 años del Terremoto de San Fermín, 1918.
30:
739:
737:
2054:
2040:
2032:
1610:
1596:
1588:
1261:"Los Cascos Urbanos Hablan: Aguadilla 2/3"
665:1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami
29:
716:
714:
712:
710:
866:
864:
802:
800:
857:Mayaguez Sabe a Mango. 17 October 2010.
706:
566:
767:
765:
519:were also badly damaged by the waves.
1527:– University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez
7:
1131:"Iglesia Nuestra Señora del Rosario"
1006:Álvarez Cervela, José María (1988).
883:Mari Mut, José A. (28 August 2013).
695:List of earthquakes in the Caribbean
412:were also damaged or destroyed. The
284:
1563:Wave transformation in Coastal Wiki
1174:12 photos, historical and from 1984
1574:International Seismological Centre
1286:Jose R. Bourdony (July 30, 1984).
1210:"Punta Borinquen Lighthouse Ruins"
729:International Seismological Centre
690:List of earthquakes in Puerto Rico
27:Earthquake that struck Puerto Rico
25:
1155:Felix J.del Campo (May 1, 1985).
495:As a result of the earthquake, a
1535:National Geophysical Data Center
1458:Seismological Society of America
1409:Seismological Society of America
1342:United States. Congress (1919).
1135:Municipio Autónomo de Vega Baja
780:National Geophysical Data Center
644:
630:
611:
599:
584:
569:
410:University of Puerto Rico campus
74:
61:
60:
47:
46:
39:
1789:(6.0, (Feb 18), 6.4 (April 24))
1544:United States Geological Survey
1032:from the original on 2009-04-30
775:Significant Earthquake Database
752:United States Geological Survey
670:2019–20 Puerto Rico earthquakes
233:
1022:"San Germán Historic District"
832:Historia de Mayagüez 1760–1960
277:Puerto Rico earthquake of 1918
1:
1525:"Puerto Rico Seismic Network"
1312:Jose Rafael Bourdony (1984).
1265:florida.pbslearningmedia.org/
1010:. Editorial UPRM. p. 91.
511:with only a few, such as the
2063:Earthquakes in the Caribbean
959:(in Spanish). Archived from
747:PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog
2095:1766 Southeastern Caribbean
1387:(2), Tsunami Society: 22–31
685:List of earthquakes in 1918
473:Corregimiento Plaza Theater
434:United States Customs House
389:also was severely damaged.
310:The earthquake triggered a
2343:
2327:Earthquakes in Puerto Rico
1540:M 7.1 - Puerto Rico region
1381:Science of Tsunami Hazards
1235:"1918 PUERTO RICO TSUNAMI"
1186:"Casa Alcaldía de Arecibo"
744:USGS (September 4, 2009),
273:1918 San Fermín earthquake
31:1918 San Fermín earthquake
18:1918 San Fermin earthquake
2014:
957:"José de Diego(Rectoría)"
810:. USGS.gov. March 6, 2018
591:Destroyed brick homes in
165:15 km (9.3 mi)
35:
1618:Earthquakes in the 1910s
1137:(in Spanish). 2014-04-04
895:– via archive.org.
503:(where it destroyed the
487:also sustained damages.
450:Armstrong-Poventud House
436:was destroyed while the
404:, municipal theater and
383:Punta Higuero lighthouse
329:Mercalli intensity scale
297:Mercalli intensity scale
2225:2003 Dominican Republic
2184:1946 Dominican Republic
1112:. National Park Service
660:1787 Boricua earthquake
513:Amparo Roldán residence
279:, struck the island of
1474:10.1785/BSSA0750010251
1425:10.1785/BSSA0090040095
1331:eight photos from 1984
675:Geology of Puerto Rico
535:United States response
414:Edificio José de Diego
362:
360:Aguadilla, Puerto Rico
347:
289:moment magnitude scale
2307:Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
1480:on September 23, 2015
1439:on September 23, 2015
1345:Congressional Edition
1318:National Park Service
1292:National Park Service
1161:National Park Service
1092:National Park Service
1026:National Park Service
986:Mayagüez sabe a mangó
750:, Version 2008_06.1,
577:Cathedral of Mayagüez
357:
342:
2202:1984 San Pedro Basin
2196:1974 Lesser Antilles
1190:Discover Puerto Rico
471:also collapsed. The
275:, also known as the
2317:1918 in Puerto Rico
2273:2019–20 Puerto Rico
2137:1867 Virgin Islands
2101:1770 Port-au-Prince
2089:1751 Port-au-Prince
1466:1985BuSSA..75..251M
1444:McCann, W. (1985),
1417:1919BuSSA...9...95R
1098:10 photos from 1987
936:Ediciones Digitales
911:Ediciones Digitales
285:10:14:42 local time
228:$ 4–29 million USD
187: /
94:1918-10-11 14:14:42
32:
1582:authoritative data
1503:10.1785/0120220146
988:(in Spanish). 2016
638:Puerto Rico portal
509:downtown Aguadilla
363:
348:
305:Puerto Rico Trench
2294:
2293:
2255:2018 Swan Islands
2243:2009 Swan Islands
2029:
2028:
1759:Sulawesi–Mindanao
1241:on April 30, 2005
517:historic cemetery
446:Tricoche Hospital
269:
268:
16:(Redirected from
2334:
2312:1918 earthquakes
2231:2004 Les Saintes
2125:1842 Cap-Haïtien
2056:
2049:
2042:
2033:
1983:Vancouver Island
1612:
1605:
1598:
1589:
1514:
1481:
1476:, archived from
1440:
1435:, archived from
1388:
1378:
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1333:
1328:
1326:
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792:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
769:
760:
759:
754:, archived from
741:
732:
731:
718:
654:
649:
648:
640:
635:
634:
633:
615:
603:
588:
573:
465:main town church
442:Parque de Bombas
430:main town church
299:. The mainshock
286:
249:
247:
235:
202:
201:
199:
198:
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135:
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128:October 11, 1918
78:
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50:
49:
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33:
21:
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2341:
2337:
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2335:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2237:2007 Martinique
2213:
2172:1918 San Fermín
2148:
2131:1843 Guadeloupe
2119:1839 Martinique
2065:
2060:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2010:
1988:
1961:(6.7, April 21)
1936:
1881:
1856:
1851:Pleasant Valley
1839:Imperial Valley
1816:
1773:
1739:
1702:
1650:
1619:
1616:
1584:for this event.
1521:
1492:
1489:
1487:Further reading
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501:Punta Borinquen
493:
438:Ponce city hall
422:historic center
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140:Local time
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125:Local date
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28:
23:
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5:
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2329:
2324:
2322:1910s tsunamis
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2309:
2299:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2282:
2279:2020 Caribbean
2276:
2270:
2264:
2261:2018 Venezuela
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2246:
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2205:
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2160:1900 Venezuela
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2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2004:(7.0, Nov 18)
1998:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1980:
1976:(7.5, Oct 11)
1971:
1967:(8.3, Aug 15)
1962:
1956:
1952:(7.2, Feb 13)
1946:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1930:(5.6, Dec 25)
1925:
1921:(6.8, Aug 28)
1916:
1910:
1901:
1897:(6.6, Jan 20)
1891:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1873:
1866:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1848:
1847:(5.8, Sept 23)
1842:
1841:(6.3, June 23)
1836:
1832:(6.7, Jan 13)
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1815:
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1808:
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1767:(6.7, Dec 21)
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1733:(6.9, Nov 19)
1728:
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1704:
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1700:
1694:
1693:(8.1, June 15)
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1684:(7.6, June 7)
1679:
1675:(7.4, Feb 18)
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1639:
1635:(8.1, Apr 12)
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1519:External links
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191:18.8°N 67.22°W
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1915:(8.5, Jun 25)
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1909:
1906:(6.7, Jun 7)
1905:
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1900:
1896:
1893:
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1878:(5.3, Aug 16)
1877:
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1761:(7.9, Mar 14)
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1755:(?.?, Feb 27)
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1724:(7.4, Aug 9)
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1666:(7.7, Jan 3)
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963:on 2010-07-15
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853:Millie Gil.
849:
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758:on 2020-03-13
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388:
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379:parish church
376:
371:
368:
365:The reported
361:
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107:
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93:
90:
86:
42:
34:
19:
2218:21st century
2208:1997 Cariaco
2190:1967 Caracas
2171:
2153:20th century
2113:1812 Caracas
2107:1787 Boricua
2083:1692 Jamaica
2077:1641 Caracas
2021:
2016:
2005:
1985:(7.2, Dec 6)
1977:
1973:
1968:
1953:
1931:
1922:
1907:
1904:San Salvador
1898:
1853:(6.8, Oct 2)
1833:
1813:(6.6, Oct 7)
1805:
1804:(7.0, Oct 4)
1796:
1768:
1734:
1725:
1691:Kikai Island
1685:
1676:
1667:
1645:
1636:
1578:bibliography
1494:
1478:the original
1453:
1449:
1437:the original
1404:
1400:
1384:
1380:
1364:
1363:
1350:. Retrieved
1344:
1337:
1323:December 24,
1321:. Retrieved
1307:
1297:December 28,
1295:. Retrieved
1281:
1269:. Retrieved
1264:
1255:
1243:. Retrieved
1239:the original
1229:
1217:. Retrieved
1213:
1204:
1193:. Retrieved
1189:
1180:
1164:. Retrieved
1150:
1139:. Retrieved
1134:
1125:
1114:. Retrieved
1104:
1081:
1073:
1067:
1059:
1054:
1045:
1034:. Retrieved
1016:
1007:
1001:
990:. Retrieved
985:
976:
965:. Retrieved
961:the original
951:
939:. Retrieved
935:
926:
914:. Retrieved
910:
901:
889:. Retrieved
887:(in Spanish)
878:
854:
848:
839:September 7,
837:, retrieved
831:
824:
812:. Retrieved
774:
756:the original
746:
723:
721:ISC (2016),
538:
526:
494:
454:
419:
391:
372:
364:
349:
325:Mona Passage
322:
309:
292:
276:
272:
270:
243:
225:Total damage
196:18.8; -67.22
2178:1929 Cumaná
2143:1875 Cúcuta
1965:Celebes Sea
1959:San Jacinto
1460:: 251–262,
1166:January 24,
529:aftershocks
523:Aftershocks
402:post office
281:Puerto Rico
219:Puerto Rico
194: /
102: event
2301:Categories
2285:2021 Haiti
2267:2018 Haiti
2249:2010 Haiti
2070:Historical
1974:San Fermín
1642:Costa Rica
1411:: 95–127,
1271:9 February
1245:August 19,
1195:2022-07-15
1141:2023-01-09
1116:2011-10-17
1036:2009-05-20
992:2021-04-05
967:2009-07-23
932:"Rincón 2"
907:"Rincón 1"
814:August 19,
701:References
505:lighthouse
426:San Germán
367:casualties
319:Earthquake
262:Casualties
143:10:14:42
132:1918-10-11
91: time
2097:(6.5–7.5)
1928:Guatemala
1811:East Cape
1682:Michoacán
1511:0037-1106
1433:129077177
549:Aguadilla
481:city hall
477:cathedral
469:Vega Baja
457:cathedral
406:city hall
375:Aguadilla
301:epicenter
295:) on the
236:intensity
170:Epicenter
148:Magnitude
1830:Avezzano
1697:Guerrero
1395:(1919),
1393:Reid, H.
1352:July 31,
1030:Archived
941:June 28,
916:June 28,
624:See also
593:Mayagüez
541:Mayagüez
527:Several
479:and the
463:and the
448:and the
394:Mayagüez
345:Mayagüez
291:and IX (
242:MMI IX (
68:San Juan
54:Mayagüez
2002:Ayvalık
1950:Shantou
1793:Senboku
1731:Acambay
1722:Mürefte
1580:and/or
1462:Bibcode
1413:Bibcode
1365:Sources
1219:15 June
891:19 June
563:Gallery
557:Isabela
497:tsunami
491:Tsunami
485:Arecibo
461:Humacao
312:tsunami
293:Violent
265:76–118
254:Tsunami
244:Violent
210:Unknown
182:67°13′W
179:18°48′N
130: (
1919:Nantou
1876:Rimini
1870:Rimini
1845:Asmara
1802:Burdur
1753:Asmara
1716:Maymyo
1633:Taiwan
1576:has a
1509:
1431:
553:Añasco
545:Aguada
475:, the
398:church
387:Rincón
335:Damage
119:ComCat
106:913306
2287:(7.2)
2281:(7.7)
2275:(6.4)
2269:(5.9)
2263:(7.3)
2257:(7.5)
2251:(7.0)
2245:(7.3)
2239:(7.4)
2233:(6.3)
2227:(6.4)
2210:(6.9)
2204:(6.7)
2198:(6.9)
2192:(6.7)
2186:(8.1)
2180:(6.9)
2174:(7.1)
2168:(6.5)
2162:(7.7)
2145:(7.5)
2139:(7.5)
2133:(8.5)
2127:(8.1)
2121:(8.0)
2115:(7.5)
2109:(8.0)
2103:(7.5)
2091:(8.0)
2085:(7.5)
2079:(6.5)
1913:Samoa
1765:Eshan
1673:Sarez
1664:Kebin
1456:(1),
1429:S2CID
1407:(4),
1377:(PDF)
1329:with
1172:with
1096:with
162:Depth
112:USGS-
1994:1919
1942:1918
1895:Bali
1887:1917
1862:1916
1822:1915
1787:Reno
1779:1914
1745:1913
1708:1912
1656:1911
1625:1910
1572:The
1507:ISSN
1354:2019
1325:2016
1299:2016
1273:2021
1247:2018
1221:2019
1168:2017
943:2019
918:2019
893:2020
841:2010
816:2018
784:NOAA
555:and
420:The
271:The
234:Max.
207:Type
151:7.1
114:ANSS
1499:doi
1470:doi
1421:doi
788:doi
483:in
467:of
459:of
452:.
424:of
392:In
385:of
373:In
283:at
257:Yes
100:ISC
89:UTC
2303::
2006:†‡
1954:†‡
1899:†‡
1834:†‡
1806:†‡
1769:†‡
1726:†‡
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863:^
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2055:e
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155:w
153:M
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