40:
1000:
944:
1810:
1769:
1690:
1492:
226:
356:
1008:
3049:
425:
3059:
435:
445:
1362:
595:(34 km) for storms of similar intensities. As the hurricane tracked further inland, land interaction weakened the cyclone, with winds dropping below hurricane-force on September 15 and then below tropical storm-force the next day. By 18:00 UTC on September 16, the tropical cyclone had dissipated over
1074:. Heavy rains were common across southern Texas, with numerous locations recording 6 to 12 inches (150 to 300 mm) of rainfall within 24 hours, which set daily rainfall records. Storm surge and abnormally high tides resulted in extensive damage. About 23 blocks of homes were destroyed or washed away in
1051:, which warranted taking storm warnings in Corpus Christi down the day before landfall. Though warnings were posted again early the following day, the citizens were ill-prepared when the hurricane made landfall south of the city as a major hurricane; the storm surge was as high as 16 feet (4.9 m).
962:
struck land and later sank during the storm. The ship was not found until
September 11, at which time it was discovered that 27 people on board had drowned while nine others managed to survive after swimming to shore. On the islands, strong winds produced by the hurricane destroyed numerous
640:
cut off its electrical output as a precautionary measure, forcing an intentional power outage in the city. On the 10th at 10:30 p.m., northeast storm warnings were issued from
Carrabelle, Florida to New Orleans, Louisiana. On the 11th at 4 p.m., the storm warnings for the northeast Gulf
631:
was issued the next day for coastal areas from
Jupiter to Key West, with all vessels requested to avoid the Florida Straits and the waters off Florida's Atlantic coast. In addition, the storm's projected path into the Gulf of Mexico prompted the bureau to also direct the clearance of ships in the
590:
secondary peak intensity with winds of 145 mph (233 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 931 mbar (931 hPa; 27.5 inHg) over the western Gulf of Mexico before weakening precipitously afterwards. At 21:00 UTC on
September 14, the hurricane made its final landfall near
594:
as a
Category 3 hurricane with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h) and a central pressure of 950 mbar (950 hPa; 28 inHg). Upon moving ashore, the storm was unusually large; its radius of maximum winds measured 40 mi (64 km) compared to the average of 21 mi
589:
From
September 10 to September 14, the tropical cyclone traversed the Gulf of Mexico, maintaining a powerful intensity. On September 12, the hurricane briefly weakened to Category 3 intensity before restrengthening shortly thereafter. The following day, the storm reached a
645:. At 4 p.m. on the 12th, storm warnings were in effect from Mobile, Alabama to Pensacola, Florida, with hurricane warnings in effect along the Mississippi and Louisiana coasts. On the evening of the 13th, northwest storm warnings were in effect for the entire Texas coast.
1564:
1023:. It caused US$ 25,000 (1919 dollars) in damage. Of the approximately 600-900 people officially reported killed in the storm, roughly 500 of them were aboard ten ships lost at sea. Communication was cut off for the entirety of Florida south of
1229:
Landsea, Christopher W.; Glenn, David A.; Bredemeyer, William; Chenoweth, Michael; Ellis, Ryan; Gamache, John; Hufstetler, Lyle; Mock, Cary; Perez, Ramon; Prieto, Ricardo; Sánchez-Sesma, Jorge; Thomas, Donna; Woolcock, Lenworth (May 2008).
1124:, a storm survivor who was 6 years old at the time, related his experience in an interview in 1989. Simpson, citing inspiration from this hurricane, pursued a career in meteorology and later served as the first director of the
1553:
514:. Traversing westward across the southern extents of the Bahamas, the newly developed hurricane steadily grew in size and intensity. September 7, the hurricane reached the equivalent of a Category 2 on the modern-day
641:
coast were changed to hurricane warnings, and extended westward along the length of the
Louisiana coast. At 9 p.m., northwest storm warnings were issued for the northwest Gulf coast from Port Arthur to
343:
on
September 14 as a large Category 3 hurricane. As it tracked further inland, land interaction caused the storm to gradually weaken; the storm was last noted on September 16 over
2003:
316:
and moving across the
Bahamas. On September 7, the storm reached hurricane intensity over the eastern Bahamas. On September 9–10, the storm made its eponymous pass of the
3138:
1309:
1102:
was found sunk between Key West and the Dry
Tortugas with 488 aboard whom were all missing without trace. Among eight former Navy patrol yachts lost in the hurricane was the
994:
947:
967:, a Cuban vessel carrying 45 people was stranded during the storm. However, another ship in the area managed to reach the Cuban vessel and rescue all passengers.
931:
3098:
1120:
The storm surge caused by this hurricane prompted the city of Corpus Christi to construct a breakwater in 1925, and a seawall was subsequently built in 1940.
970:
Although the hurricane never made landfall on Cuba, the storm's close proximity to the northern stretches of the island led to considerable impacts. A strong
1996:
269:
throughout much of its existence, the storm's slow movement and sheer size prolonged and enlarged the scope of the hurricane's effects, making it one of the
1047:
as a result of rough seas. Damage and casualties on the Texas coast were also severe, in part due to false rumors that the storm had turned north into
3118:
3083:
1922:
981:, flooding areas of the city as far as six blocks inland and prompting the evacuation of homes at risk. The inundation also disabled some of Havana's
2386:
515:
325:
3088:
3052:
1989:
1166:
2012:
527:
328:
2309:
1926:
1899:
1633:
628:
612:
270:
1606:
1521:
The deadliest, costliest and most intense United States tropical cyclones from 1851 to 2010 (and other frequently requested hurricane facts)
999:
1966:
1125:
491:
intensity at 06:00 UTC on September 3. Twelve hours later, the tropical cyclone clipped the extreme-southwestern portion of
2262:
1729:
943:
3108:
2392:
2133:
790:
2368:
1154:
499:
of 50 mph (80 km/h). The cyclone maintained a low-end tropical storm intensity as it paralleled the northern coast of
2291:
3143:
3103:
2380:
2362:
2356:
2339:
2327:
2250:
2174:
2139:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2081:
2064:
2041:
1121:
1115:
920:
915:
895:
870:
845:
820:
795:
770:
745:
720:
695:
575:
236:
1957:
39:
2315:
2303:
3113:
1528:
935:
312:
on September 2 and gradually gained in strength as it tracked on a generally west-northwesterly path, crossing the
274:
1098:. At least 310 deaths were reported in Texas, but there may have been as many as 600 fatalities. The steamer
1035:
only reached 26 mph (42 km/h) as the hurricane passed to the city's south. Despite otherwise minor damage in
2215:
2622:
2285:
3128:
2704:
2687:
2321:
2203:
2151:
2047:
1670:
1472:
1149:
840:
715:
2681:
3093:
3019:
2888:
1347:
1129:
765:
574:
of the storm. At the time, this made the tropical cyclone the second strongest to strike the United States since
480:
1206:
1133:
369:
101:
3123:
3062:
2918:
2728:
2551:
2456:
2374:
2238:
2197:
2168:
2116:
865:
690:
616:
579:
262:
105:
44:
2936:
2675:
2651:
2616:
2575:
2510:
2297:
511:
503:
the following day. On September 6, the storm abruptly turned towards the north in the direction of the
1930:
1809:
1768:
1689:
1491:
1419:
3133:
2912:
2906:
2787:
2752:
2710:
2663:
2657:
2539:
2504:
2398:
2268:
2145:
1397:
1254:
1078:. A total of 284 bodies were recovered in the city and damage totaled at least $ 20 million. In
951:
547:
539:
496:
2948:
2894:
2871:
2835:
2764:
2628:
2569:
2498:
2462:
2244:
1075:
463:
on September 1, the precursor to the 1919 Florida Keys hurricane may have been a disorganized
448:
1782:
1741:
1662:
1464:
1703:
1505:
355:
2468:
2444:
2438:
2256:
2209:
1406:
1246:
1193:
1103:
159:
1527:(NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC-6). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 47.
1343:
1259:
2333:
2191:
1749:
1091:
1059:
627:
on the peninsula's west coast with the storm already a major hurricane over the Bahamas. The first
624:
551:
476:
438:
309:
3058:
1094:
were swept away, while school building remained standing. Houses and crops were also flattened in
2954:
2805:
2734:
2634:
1861:(Report). Camp Springs, Maryland: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. pp. 38–39
1272:
1087:
591:
340:
294:
266:
510:
At 06:00 UTC on September 7, the cyclone strengthened to hurricane intensity north of
221:
1972:
1442:
1090:, wharves, pop houses, and small boats were significantly impacted. The docks and buildings in
2930:
2924:
2829:
2823:
2740:
1725:
1589:
Staff Writer (September 12, 1919). "27 Lives Lost When Ward Liner Corydon Founders In Storm".
1389:
815:
563:
531:
472:
3025:
2942:
2865:
2847:
2841:
2817:
2669:
2610:
2516:
2492:
2480:
1790:
1414:
1264:
1079:
1063:
620:
504:
428:
254:
182:
1305:
17:
3013:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2793:
2770:
2758:
2604:
2587:
2581:
2557:
2545:
2533:
2474:
1961:
1824:
1231:
1171:
1159:
1095:
1083:
1016:
740:
535:
519:
468:
460:
305:
170:
134:
1410:
1250:
1007:
225:
2995:
2900:
2859:
2811:
2799:
2746:
2722:
2716:
2563:
2486:
2450:
1802:
1761:
1682:
1484:
1137:
1055:
964:
642:
633:
583:
488:
332:
1390:"Special Forecasts And Warnings, Weather And Crops: Weather Warnings, September, 1919"
619:
was a storm warning on September 8 issued for areas along the Florida coast from
471:. The next day, additional observations indicated that the disturbance had acquired a
3077:
3007:
3001:
2989:
2853:
1554:"Ascertainment of the Estimated Excess Mortality from Hurricane MarĂa in Puerto Rico"
1366:
1028:
571:
559:
523:
487:. Gradual strengthening occurred as the depression tracked west-northwest, attaining
464:
258:
130:
1276:
1140:
in 1973, a hurricane intensity scale implemented by The Loop Organisation in 1974.
1099:
1071:
1067:
1044:
1020:
543:
359:
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
321:
317:
313:
290:
278:
1892:
1851:
289:
and other areas of the United States Gulf Coast. The hurricane's peak strength in
1981:
1954:
1879:
971:
637:
492:
282:
202:
174:
596:
555:
500:
484:
344:
214:
178:
126:
958:
While passing through the Bahamas on September 8, the Ward Line steamer
1519:
1048:
1040:
567:
198:
1967:
History of the 1919 Atlantic Gulf Hurricane at the National Weather Service
1268:
1518:
Blake, Eric S; Landsea, Christopher W; Gibney, Ethan J (August 10, 2011).
1831:(Report). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1054:
This large storm spread winds of 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) across
298:
978:
194:
186:
285:
areas, though lesser but nonetheless significant effects were felt in
1975:
from the Corpus Christi Museum of Science and History, hosted by the
1388:
Frankenfield, H.C.; United States Weather Bureau (October 22, 1919).
975:
600:
550:
as far as 17 mi (27 km) outwards from the center and a low
206:
1036:
1032:
1024:
1006:
998:
942:
354:
336:
210:
1365:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1031:
outside the Florida Keys remained relatively unscathed. Winds in
982:
963:
homes and sank several schooners, leaving many homeless. In the
331:. Over the next several days, the intense cyclone traversed the
286:
190:
2420:
2023:
1985:
1976:
1306:"Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT"
530:
before passing roughly 30–40 mi (48–64 km) south of
1923:"Hurricane Science Legend Dr. Robert Simpson Dies at Age 102"
1825:
Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT
546:
at peak intensity with winds of 150 mph (240 km/h)
538:. At 07:00 UTC on September 10, the hurricane made
611:
Due to the lack of hurricane observations at sea, the first
582:. After landfall, the storm slowly moved westward into the
383:
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
378:
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
293:
in the lower Florida Keys made it one of the most powerful
47:
of the hurricane over the Florida Keys on September 10
451:, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
403:
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
398:
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
1232:"A Reanalysis of the 1911–20 Atlantic Hurricane Database"
393:
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
1443:"Chronological List of All Hurricanes: 1851 – 2013"
526:. On September 9, the storm intensified further to
507:
before resuming a more westerly trajectory a day later.
388:
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
1132:(NHC). Additionally, he co-developed and published the
1445:. Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
1420:
10.1175/1520-0493(1919)47<664:WWS>2.0.CO;2
657:
335:, fluctuating in strength before making landfall near
1823:
Christopher W. Landsea; et al. (December 2012).
1011:
A 1915 picture of the Valbanera lost in the hurricane
522:
strength on September 8 shortly before crossing
1829:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
1310:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
408:
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
2964:
2881:
2780:
2697:
2644:
2597:
2526:
2431:
2349:
2278:
2231:
2184:
2161:
2126:
2091:
2074:
2057:
2034:
995:
Effects of the 1919 Florida Keys hurricane in Texas
475:; thus, the system was determined to have become a
166:
154:
146:
141:
120:
112:
89:
74:
59:
52:
1506:Special Forecasts and Warnings: Weather and Crops.
1344:"Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)"
1003:The Seattle Star - Front Page - September 16, 1919
1066:. A total of 1500 cattle were driven off of
948:La Casa de Beneficencia y Maternidad de La Habana
1724:. Corpus Christi: Hurricane Publications, Inc.,
1673:. Associated Press. September 8, 1926. p. 5
1634:"Lifeboats Sink As Ship Founders In Bahama Gale"
950:during the hurricane of 1919 with the statue of
277:. Impacts were largely concentrated around the
1027:following the storm's passage. By comparison,
1997:
265:in September 1919. Remaining an intense
8:
1015:A tornado, spawned by the hurricane, struck
32:
3139:1919 natural disasters in the United States
459:Based on isolated observations east of the
2428:
2417:
2031:
2020:
2004:
1990:
1982:
1304:Landsea, Chris; et al. (April 2014).
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
974:combined with wind-swept waves topped the
324:with an intensity equivalent to that of a
224:
38:
31:
1657:
1655:
1418:
1258:
1019:on September 10, moving inland from
1716:
1714:
1712:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
257:that swept across areas of the northern
1742:"Gulf Of Mexico Is Lashed By Hurricane"
1221:
1205:The storm category color indicates the
1185:
985:systems and halted automotive traffic.
1607:"Two Schooners Lost With All On Board"
1973:Historic photos of the 1919 Hurricane
1900:Hydrometeorological Prediction Center
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
27:Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 1919
7:
3099:Hurricanes in the Dominican Republic
1783:"Houst Boats Sunk Off Florida Coast"
1570:from the original on August 29, 2018
599:, near the border between Texas and
1126:National Hurricane Research Project
661:Deadliest United States hurricanes
1969:, includes many damage photographs
1921:Jeff Masters (December 19, 2014).
1891:David M. Roth (January 17, 2010).
1704:A Tornado Within a Hurricane Area.
1632:Staff Writer (September 9, 1919).
1605:Staff Writer (September 8, 1919).
1465:"Florida Town Is In Path Of Storm"
1167:List of Texas hurricanes (1900–49)
467:that tracked westward towards the
25:
2310:1933 Chesapeake–Potomac hurricane
1561:Milken Institute of Public Health
1534:from the original on May 17, 2024
1192:All monetary values in 1919
304:The hurricane developed near the
3119:History of Corpus Christi, Texas
3084:1910s Atlantic hurricane seasons
3057:
3048:
3047:
1808:
1767:
1688:
1490:
1360:
443:
433:
423:
33:1919 Florida Keys hurricane
1850:David M. Roth (April 8, 2010).
1752:. September 10, 1919. p. 1
1471:. Vol. 103, no. 162.
3089:Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
2013:Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
1793:. September 9, 1926. p. 1
1748:. Vol. 86, no. 300.
1475:. September 8, 1926. p. 2
1116:Robert Simpson (meteorologist)
237:1919 Atlantic hurricane season
1:
1789:. Vol. 52, no. 87.
1441:Hurricane Research Division.
253:) was a massive and damaging
1209:when landfalling in the U.S.
617:United States Weather Bureau
251:1919 Key West hurricane
116:150 mph (240 km/h)
78:September 16, 1919
1960:September 19, 2005, at the
1955:Hurricane info on about.com
1155:1944 Cuba–Florida hurricane
632:hurricane's trajectory. In
247:1919 Florida Keys hurricane
63:September 2, 1919
18:1919 Florida Keys Hurricane
3160:
1720:Ellis, Michael J. (1988).
1671:Wilmington, North Carolina
1473:Wilmington, North Carolina
1346:(Database). United States
1207:intensity of the hurricane
1150:List of Florida hurricanes
1113:
992:
91:Category 4 major hurricane
3043:
2427:
2416:
2030:
2019:
1893:"Texas Hurricane History"
1859:Weather Prediction Center
1348:National Hurricane Center
1130:National Hurricane Center
1128:and as a director of the
929:
660:
329:Category 4 hurricane
232:
220:
96:
37:
3063:Tropical cyclones portal
1787:The Atlanta Constitution
1706:Retrieved on 2008-09-30.
1508:Retrieved on 2008-09-30.
1043:and small craft sunk in
613:tropical cyclone warning
580:1886 Indianola hurricane
528:Category 4 strength
263:United States Gulf Coast
158:$ 22 million (1919
45:Surface weather analysis
3109:Hurricanes in Louisiana
1977:Portal to Texas History
1852:Texas Hurricane History
1746:The Fort Wayne Sentinel
1196:unless otherwise noted.
497:maximum sustained winds
1611:The Lewiston Daily Sun
1595:Viewed March 14, 2010.
1398:Monthly Weather Review
1269:10.1175/2007JCLI1119.1
1012:
1004:
955:
483:that day just east of
456:
351:Meteorological history
301:in the United States.
54:Meteorological history
3144:September 1919 events
3104:Hurricanes in Florida
1722:The Hurricane Almanac
1667:The Indianapolis News
1194:United States dollars
1010:
1002:
946:
623:on the east coast to
449:Extratropical cyclone
358:
275:United States history
1591:The Hartford Courant
1504:H. C. Frankenfield.
1134:Saffir–Simpson scale
1104:USS Helena I (SP-24)
654:The Bahamas and Cuba
516:Saffir–Simpson scale
473:cyclonic circulation
370:Saffir–Simpson scale
121:Lowest pressure
3114:Hurricanes in Texas
2134:"Chenière Caminada"
1927:Weather Underground
1750:Fort Wayne, Indiana
1663:"Hurricane In Gulf"
1563:. August 27, 2018.
1411:1919MWRv...47..664F
1251:2008JCli...21.2138L
1060:Burrwood, Louisiana
791:"Cheniere Caminada"
570:observation in the
552:barometric pressure
477:tropical depression
439:Subtropical cyclone
320:, passing over the
310:tropical depression
295:Atlantic hurricanes
249:(also known as the
34:
2292:"British Honduras"
1933:on August 15, 2018
1308:. Miami, Florida:
1239:Journal of Climate
1013:
1005:
956:
578:, only behind the
518:and later reached
457:
267:Atlantic hurricane
113:Highest winds
98:1-minute sustained
3129:1919 in Louisiana
3071:
3070:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3034:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2407:
1702:Richard W. Gray.
1638:The Gazette Times
1245:(10): 2138–2168.
941:
940:
629:hurricane warning
532:Key West, Florida
243:
242:
16:(Redirected from
3151:
3094:1919 meteorology
3061:
3051:
3050:
2429:
2418:
2316:"Treasure Coast"
2263:"Havana–Bermuda"
2032:
2021:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1983:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1929:. Archived from
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1902:. pp. 38–39
1897:
1888:
1882:
1880:Keys History.org
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1856:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1791:Atlanta, Georgia
1779:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1757:
1738:
1732:
1718:
1707:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1669:. Vol. 50.
1659:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1602:
1596:
1594:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1569:
1558:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1533:
1526:
1515:
1509:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1469:The Morning Star
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1422:
1394:
1385:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1340:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1301:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1262:
1236:
1226:
1210:
1203:
1197:
1190:
1064:Galveston, Texas
954:above the water.
914:
889:
864:
839:
814:
789:
764:
739:
714:
689:
658:
615:prompted by the
505:Turks and Caicos
447:
446:
437:
436:
429:Tropical cyclone
427:
426:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
255:tropical cyclone
228:
183:Turks and Caicos
137:
92:
85:
83:
70:
68:
55:
42:
35:
21:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3124:1919 in Florida
3074:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3031:
2960:
2877:
2776:
2693:
2640:
2593:
2522:
2423:
2404:
2345:
2274:
2227:
2180:
2157:
2122:
2087:
2070:
2053:
2026:
2015:
2010:
1962:Wayback Machine
1951:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1874:
1864:
1862:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1796:
1794:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1755:
1753:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1697:
1687:
1676:
1674:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1643:
1641:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1503:
1499:
1489:
1478:
1476:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1373:
1361:
1353:
1351:
1350:. April 5, 2023
1342:
1341:
1324:
1314:
1312:
1303:
1302:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1260:10.1.1.269.2563
1234:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1204:
1200:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1172:Hurricane Celia
1160:Hurricane Betsy
1146:
1118:
1112:
1017:Goulds, Florida
997:
991:
908:
883:
858:
833:
808:
783:
758:
733:
708:
683:
656:
651:
609:
536:Florida Straits
520:major hurricane
469:Leeward Islands
461:Lesser Antilles
455:
454:
453:
452:
444:
441:
434:
431:
424:
421:
415:
414:
410:
409:
405:
404:
400:
399:
395:
394:
390:
389:
385:
384:
380:
379:
375:
373:
364:
360:
353:
306:Leeward Islands
233:
171:Lesser Antilles
142:Overall effects
124:
90:
81:
79:
66:
64:
53:
48:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3157:
3155:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3076:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3055:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2940:
2934:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2898:
2892:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2435:
2433:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2369:"Cuba–Florida"
2366:
2360:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2222:"Florida Keys"
2219:
2216:"Nueva Gerona"
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2065:"Great Nassau"
2061:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2045:
2038:
2036:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1970:
1964:
1950:
1949:External links
1947:
1945:
1944:
1913:
1883:
1872:
1842:
1815:
1803:Newspapers.com
1774:
1762:Newspapers.com
1733:
1708:
1695:
1683:Newspapers.com
1651:
1624:
1597:
1581:
1545:
1510:
1497:
1485:Newspapers.com
1456:
1433:
1405:(9): 664–673.
1371:
1322:
1289:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1198:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1145:
1142:
1138:Herbert Saffir
1122:Robert Simpson
1111:
1108:
1076:Corpus Christi
1056:Miami, Florida
993:Main article:
990:
987:
965:Florida Strait
939:
938:
927:
926:
923:
918:
906:
902:
901:
898:
893:
891:"Florida Keys"
881:
877:
876:
873:
868:
856:
852:
851:
848:
843:
831:
827:
826:
823:
818:
806:
802:
801:
798:
793:
781:
777:
776:
773:
768:
756:
752:
751:
748:
743:
731:
727:
726:
723:
718:
706:
702:
701:
698:
693:
681:
677:
676:
673:
670:
667:
663:
662:
655:
652:
650:
647:
643:Velasco, Texas
634:Miami, Florida
608:
605:
584:Gulf of Mexico
512:Crooked Island
489:tropical storm
479:by 12:00
442:
432:
422:
417:
416:
374:
367:
366:
365:
362:
361:
352:
349:
333:Gulf of Mexico
273:hurricanes in
241:
240:
230:
229:
218:
217:
168:
167:Areas affected
164:
163:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
139:
138:
133:); 27.37
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
94:
93:
87:
86:
76:
72:
71:
61:
57:
56:
50:
49:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3156:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3134:1919 in Texas
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3054:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2419:
2415:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2322:"Outer Banks"
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2304:"San Ciprián"
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2204:"New Orleans"
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2152:"San Ciriaco"
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2048:"Last Island"
2046:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1914:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1873:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1843:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1816:
1811:
1804:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1763:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1730:0-9618707-1-0
1727:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1691:
1684:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1625:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1585:
1582:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1530:
1523:
1522:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1493:
1486:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1444:
1437:
1434:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1391:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1367:public domain
1354:September 22,
1349:
1345:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1311:
1307:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1029:South Florida
1026:
1022:
1018:
1009:
1001:
996:
989:United States
988:
986:
984:
980:
977:
973:
968:
966:
961:
953:
952:Antonio Maceo
949:
945:
937:
933:
928:
924:
922:
919:
917:
912:
907:
904:
903:
899:
897:
894:
892:
887:
882:
879:
878:
874:
872:
869:
867:
862:
857:
854:
853:
849:
847:
844:
842:
841:"Sea Islands"
837:
832:
829:
828:
824:
822:
819:
817:
812:
807:
804:
803:
799:
797:
794:
792:
787:
782:
779:
778:
774:
772:
769:
767:
762:
757:
754:
753:
749:
747:
744:
742:
737:
732:
729:
728:
724:
722:
719:
717:
716:"San Ciriaco"
712:
707:
704:
703:
700:8,000–12,000
699:
697:
694:
692:
687:
682:
679:
678:
674:
671:
668:
665:
664:
659:
653:
648:
646:
644:
639:
636:, the city's
635:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
606:
604:
602:
598:
593:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
566:) based on a
565:
562:; 27.37
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
524:Andros Island
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
465:tropical wave
462:
450:
440:
430:
420:
372:
371:
357:
350:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
259:Caribbean Sea
256:
252:
248:
239:
238:
231:
227:
223:
219:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
88:
77:
73:
62:
58:
51:
46:
41:
36:
30:
19:
3028: (2023)
3022: (2023)
3016: (2022)
3010: (2021)
3004: (2021)
2998: (2020)
2992: (2020)
2986: (2020)
2980: (2020)
2974: (2020)
2957: (2018)
2951: (2017)
2945: (2017)
2939: (2016)
2933: (2015)
2927: (2014)
2921: (2011)
2915: (2011)
2909: (2010)
2903: (2010)
2897: (2010)
2891: (2010)
2874: (2009)
2868: (2008)
2862: (2008)
2856: (2008)
2850: (2008)
2844: (2005)
2838: (2004)
2832: (2004)
2826: (2004)
2820: (2003)
2814: (2002)
2808: (2001)
2802: (2001)
2796: (2000)
2790: (2000)
2773: (1999)
2767: (1999)
2761: (1999)
2755: (1999)
2749: (1999)
2743: (1998)
2737: (1996)
2731: (1996)
2725: (1995)
2719: (1995)
2713: (1995)
2707: (1991)
2690: (1989)
2684: (1988)
2678: (1988)
2672: (1985)
2666: (1984)
2660: (1982)
2654: (1981)
2637: (1979)
2631: (1978)
2625: (1978)
2619: (1975)
2613: (1974)
2607: (1970)
2590: (1965)
2584: (1964)
2578: (1964)
2572: (1964)
2566: (1964)
2560: (1963)
2554: (1961)
2548: (1961)
2542: (1961)
2536: (1960)
2519: (1959)
2513: (1958)
2507: (1958)
2501: (1958)
2495: (1957)
2489: (1955)
2483: (1955)
2477: (1954)
2471: (1952)
2465: (1951)
2459: (1951)
2453: (1950)
2447: (1950)
2441: (1950)
2422:1950–present
2401: (1949)
2395: (1948)
2389: (1948)
2383: (1947)
2377: (1945)
2371: (1944)
2365: (1943)
2359: (1941)
2342: (1939)
2336: (1935)
2330: (1935)
2324: (1933)
2318: (1933)
2312: (1933)
2306: (1932)
2300: (1932)
2294: (1931)
2288: (1930)
2271: (1929)
2265: (1926)
2259: (1926)
2253: (1926)
2247: (1926)
2241: (1921)
2224: (1919)
2221:
2218: (1917)
2212: (1916)
2206: (1915)
2200: (1915)
2194: (1910)
2177: (1906)
2171: (1900)
2154: (1899)
2148: (1898)
2142: (1894)
2136: (1893)
2119: (1886)
2113: (1882)
2107: (1880)
2101: (1880)
2084: (1878)
2067: (1866)
2050: (1856)
2044: (1853)
1935:. Retrieved
1931:the original
1916:
1906:February 17,
1904:. Retrieved
1886:
1875:
1863:. Retrieved
1858:
1845:
1833:. Retrieved
1828:
1818:
1801:– via
1795:. Retrieved
1786:
1777:
1760:– via
1754:. Retrieved
1745:
1736:
1721:
1698:
1681:– via
1675:. Retrieved
1666:
1642:. Retrieved
1637:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1613:. p. 35
1610:
1600:
1590:
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1560:
1548:
1536:. Retrieved
1520:
1513:
1500:
1483:– via
1477:. Retrieved
1468:
1459:
1447:. Retrieved
1436:
1424:. Retrieved
1402:
1396:
1352:. Retrieved
1313:. Retrieved
1280:. Retrieved
1242:
1238:
1224:
1201:
1188:
1119:
1092:Port Aransas
1072:Laguna Madre
1068:Padre Island
1053:
1045:Biscayne Bay
1021:Biscayne Bay
1014:
969:
959:
957:
910:
890:
885:
860:
850:1,000–2,000
835:
810:
785:
766:"Okeechobee"
760:
735:
710:
685:
610:
607:Preparations
588:
554:of 927
544:Dry Tortugas
509:
458:
418:
368:
322:Dry Tortugas
318:Florida Keys
314:Mona Passage
303:
291:Dry Tortugas
279:Florida Keys
250:
246:
244:
235:
234:Part of the
97:
29:
2375:"Homestead"
2357:"Nicaragua"
2286:"San ZenĂłn"
2239:"Tampa Bay"
2198:"Galveston"
2169:"Galveston"
2117:"Indianola"
1797:January 18,
1756:January 23,
1677:January 18,
1640:. p. 2
1479:January 18,
1449:January 18,
1426:January 17,
1315:January 17,
1282:January 18,
1088:Port Lavaca
972:storm surge
930:Reference:
866:"Indianola"
691:"Galveston"
675:Fatalities
638:power plant
493:Puerto Rico
283:South Texas
203:Mississippi
175:Puerto Rico
3078:Categories
2298:"Freeport"
1574:August 28,
1538:August 10,
1217:References
1114:See also:
1041:houseboats
1039:, 17
669:Hurricane
625:Fort Myers
597:West Texas
592:Baffin Bay
501:Hispaniola
485:Guadeloupe
419:Storm type
345:West Texas
341:Baffin Bay
326:modern-day
215:New Mexico
179:Hispaniola
147:Fatalities
82:1919-09-16
75:Dissipated
67:1919-09-02
2705:Claudette
2688:Gabrielle
2399:"Florida"
2269:"Bahamas"
2146:"Georgia"
2025:1853–1949
1644:March 14,
1617:March 14,
1255:CiteSeerX
1110:Aftermath
1100:Valbanera
1080:Matagorda
1049:Louisiana
916:"Georgia"
568:barometer
548:extending
271:deadliest
199:Louisiana
3053:Category
3020:Franklin
2955:Florence
2889:Danielle
2806:Michelle
2735:Hortense
2635:Frederic
2245:"Nassau"
1958:Archived
1835:July 23,
1565:Archived
1529:Archived
1144:See also
1096:Victoria
1084:Palacios
540:landfall
413:Unknown
299:landfall
297:to make
261:and the
2931:Joaquin
2925:Gonzalo
2919:Ophelia
2830:Frances
2824:Charley
2741:Georges
2729:Edouard
2552:Frances
2457:Charlie
2257:"Miami"
2210:"Texas"
1937:July 5,
1865:July 5,
1407:Bibcode
1277:1785238
1247:Bibcode
979:seawall
960:Corydon
816:Katrina
672:Season
621:Jupiter
542:on the
534:in the
363:Map key
222:IBTrACS
195:Florida
187:Bahamas
80: (
65: (
3026:Idalia
2943:Harvey
2937:Nicole
2866:Paloma
2848:Gustav
2842:Dennis
2818:Fabian
2676:Helene
2670:Gloria
2652:Harvey
2617:Gladys
2611:Carmen
2576:Gladys
2517:Gracie
2511:Helene
2493:Carrie
2481:Connie
2381:George
2334:"Cuba"
2192:"Cuba"
2111:"Cuba"
1728:
1275:
1257:
1086:, and
1062:, and
976:Havana
913:
909:
888:
884:
863:
859:
838:
834:
825:1,392
813:
809:
800:2,000
788:
784:
775:2,823
763:
759:
750:2,981
738:
734:
725:3,400
713:
709:
688:
684:
649:Impact
601:Mexico
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
207:Mexico
155:Damage
60:Formed
3014:Fiona
2984:Delta
2978:Teddy
2972:Laura
2965:2020s
2913:Katia
2907:Julia
2882:2010s
2794:Keith
2788:Isaac
2781:2000s
2771:Lenny
2759:Floyd
2753:Cindy
2711:Felix
2698:1990s
2664:Diana
2658:Debby
2645:1980s
2623:Greta
2605:Celia
2598:1970s
2588:Betsy
2582:Hilda
2558:Flora
2546:Carla
2540:Betsy
2534:Donna
2527:1960s
2505:Daisy
2475:Hazel
2432:1950s
2363:Three
2350:1940s
2279:1930s
2232:1920s
2185:1910s
2162:1900s
2127:1890s
2105:Eight
2092:1880s
2082:Seven
2075:1870s
2058:1860s
2042:Three
2035:1850s
1896:(PDF)
1855:(PDF)
1568:(PDF)
1557:(PDF)
1532:(PDF)
1525:(PDF)
1393:(PDF)
1273:S2CID
1235:(PDF)
1180:Notes
1136:with
1070:into
1037:Miami
1033:Tampa
1025:Miami
741:Maria
666:Rank
495:with
337:Texas
308:as a
211:Texas
102:SSHWS
2996:Iota
2949:Jose
2901:Igor
2895:Earl
2872:Bill
2860:Omar
2836:Karl
2812:Lili
2800:Iris
2765:Gert
2747:Bret
2723:Opal
2717:Luis
2682:Joan
2629:Ella
2570:Dora
2564:Cleo
2499:Cleo
2487:Ione
2463:Easy
2451:King
2393:Easy
2340:Five
2251:Four
2175:Four
1939:2017
1908:2010
1867:2017
1837:2014
1799:2015
1758:2015
1726:ISBN
1679:2015
1646:2010
1619:2010
1576:2018
1540:2011
1481:2015
1451:2015
1428:2015
1356:2024
1317:2015
1284:2015
983:tram
932:NOAA
925:700
921:1881
900:745
896:1919
875:771
871:1875
846:1893
821:2005
796:1893
771:1928
746:2017
721:1899
696:1900
576:1851
564:inHg
556:mbar
287:Cuba
281:and
245:The
191:Cuba
135:inHg
127:mbar
125:927
3008:Sam
3002:Ida
2990:Eta
2854:Ike
2469:Fox
2445:Fox
2439:Dog
2387:Dog
2328:Two
2140:Six
2099:Two
1415:doi
1265:doi
936:GWU
905:10
572:eye
560:hPa
481:UTC
160:USD
150:772
131:hPa
106:NWS
3080::
1925:.
1898:.
1857:.
1827:.
1785:.
1744:.
1711:^
1665:.
1654:^
1636:.
1609:.
1559:.
1467:.
1413:.
1403:47
1401:.
1395:.
1374:^
1325:^
1292:^
1271:.
1263:.
1253:.
1243:21
1241:.
1237:.
1106:.
1082:,
1058:,
934:,
880:9
855:8
830:7
805:6
780:5
755:4
730:3
705:2
680:1
603:.
586:.
347:.
339:'
213:,
209:,
205:,
201:,
197:,
193:,
189:,
185:,
181:,
177:,
173:,
2005:e
1998:t
1991:v
1941:.
1910:.
1869:.
1839:.
1805:.
1764:.
1685:.
1648:.
1621:.
1593:.
1578:.
1542:.
1487:.
1453:.
1430:.
1417::
1409::
1369:.
1358:.
1319:.
1286:.
1267::
1249::
911:2
886:4
861:3
836:3
811:3
786:4
761:5
736:4
711:4
686:4
558:(
162:)
129:(
108:)
104:/
100:(
84:)
69:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
