373:, causing major damage to the surrounding towns and villages. At least 74,570 buildings were obliterated while another 21,000 left partially destroyed in 240 towns and villages. Nearly every building in Chirpan and Parvomay collapsed as a result of the two earthquakes. The extreme shaking also bent and snapped railway tracks. Over 264,000 residents in the affected area became homeless when their homes were damaged. Many of the survivors slept outside their homes for fear that more aftershocks would collapse them. Plovdiv which was severely affected by the earthquake suffered further destruction when the second mainshock struck closer to the city.
489:
457:
448:
466:
477:
501:
43:
350:
27:
402:
318:
50:
287:
of two separate faults. The first shock ruptured a 36 km (22 mi) long and 10 km (6.2 mi) wide, south-dipping and east–west striking normal fault which slipped 0.7 metres (2 ft 4 in). Older reports, on the other hand, stated a rupture length of 40 to 50 km (25 to
299:
Meanwhile, the second earthquake was caused by the rupture of ten fault structures. This fault is 31 km (19 mi) long, by 10 to 14 km (6.2 to 8.7 mi). it dips steeply to the northeast and becomes shallower at depth. Surface slippage suggests values between 0.3 and 2.6 metres
271:). Major damage was reported, with over 70,000 buildings collapsing. An estimated 127 people died in both earthquakes and many thousands were affected in its aftermath. The two earthquakes were also felt in Greece, where they caused significant damage. The cost of damage totaled 5 billion
376:
Because the first earthquake took place on a Holy
Saturday, many residents were outside their houses thus were not injured or killed when they collapsed. An estimated 402 schools were destroyed but since it was a holiday, little to there were no deaths.
488:
849:
380:
In
Thessaloniki, Greece, the earthquakes caused panic among residents and there was some light damage to the walls of houses. The shaking collapsed a house in
973:
500:
1016:
476:
42:
579:
550:
296:. Using the dates of the events, an average recurrence interval of 2350 ± 643 years was presented for earthquakes comparable to the 1928 earthquake.
632:
Vanneste, K.; Radulov, A.; De
Martini, P.; Nikolov, G.; Petermans, T.; Verbeeck, K.; Camelbeeck, T.; Pantosti, D.; Dimitrov, D.; Shanov, S. (2006).
366:
436:
was in Vrana Palace at the time of the disaster was brought to
Chirpan, and later Plovdiv where he led a rescue mission to provide aid to victims.
842:
300:(1 ft 0 in and 8 ft 6 in), and at depth, 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in). A small dextral component was also observed.
982:
958:
288:
31 mi). A 2002 research revealed that the young fault was active during the
Pleistocene epoch, and well into the Holocene. Three
90:
835:
231:
1236:
1169:
114:
522:
1241:
991:
384:
and caused large cracks to appear in the walls of buildings. Two additional homes collapsed in another Greek town while in
1037:
939:
1261:
634:"Paleoseismologic investigation of the fault rupture of the 14 April 1928 Chirpan earthquake (M 6.8), southern Bulgaria"
606:
1199:
1152:
1132:
1115:
1062:
1048:
1008:
950:
919:
864:
517:
1256:
1184:
890:
63:
456:
447:
1251:
1246:
1193:
1175:
1160:
465:
1098:
1056:
822:
817:
812:
736:
370:
263:
164:
148:
1089:
1071:
1031:
927:
908:
899:
301:
571:
542:
292:
wedges were found along the hanging wall suggesting three prehistoric earthquakes have occurred and caused
1104:
1080:
872:
1138:
964:
674:
433:
762:
1022:
881:
645:
349:
675:"The 14 and 18 April 1928 Chirpan-Plovdiv Earthquakes – Fault Model from Geodetic and Seismic Data"
197:
284:
262:
on April 14 and 18, respectively. The two largest earthquakes both had moment magnitudes of 7.1 (
129:
119:
26:
783:
106:
96:
703:
653:
673:
St. Dimitrov, Dimitar; De
Chabalier, Jean-Bernard; Ruegg, Jean-Claude; Botev, Emil (2006).
293:
187:
704:"Slip Distribution of the 1928 Chirpan and Plovdiv Mainshocks and Earthquake Triggering"
649:
385:
401:
317:
1230:
272:
211:
823:
BULGARIA / EARTHQUAKES: Scenes of ruined city after devastating earthquake (1928)
354:
259:
304:
after the April 14th earthquake is thought to have triggered the second event.
289:
827:
658:
633:
381:
358:
353:
The partially collapsed ruins of the Church of the Holy Savior in
348:
831:
395:
311:
365:
Both earthquakes achieved a maximum intensity of IX–X on the
784:"Най-опустошителните земетресения в България през XX век"
49:
414:
330:
702:
Karakostas, S.; Gospodinov, V.; Ranguelov, D. (2006).
1214:
indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
506:
A railway track severely deformed by the earthquake.
1151:
1114:
1047:
1007:
949:
918:
863:
607:"Easter 83 years ago collapsed Plovdiv and Chirpan"
244:
223:
203:
193:
183:
175:
159:
143:
135:
125:
112:
102:
89:
81:
73:
62:
482:Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria surveying the damage.
31:Damaged hospital in Plovdiv after the earthquake.
1219:indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
843:
8:
494:A tobacco warehouse with its sides damaged,
19:
850:
836:
828:
25:
18:
657:
264:
165:
149:
711:6th International Scientific Conference
534:
472:
443:
216:74,000+ buildings damaged or destroyed
790:. Bulgarian History. 15 November 2017
7:
737:"Significant Earthquake Information"
600:
598:
596:
258:struck central Bulgaria, south of
14:
499:
487:
475:
464:
455:
446:
400:
316:
256:1928 Chirpan–Plovdiv earthquakes
48:
41:
20:1928 Chirpan–Plovdiv earthquakes
638:Journal of Geophysical Research
582:from the original on 2019-03-06
553:from the original on 2019-03-06
523:List of earthquakes in Bulgaria
367:Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale
283:The earthquake pair involved a
224:
388:, a police station collapsed.
1:
942:(6.3/5.7/6.3, Sep 29/Oct 1)
605:Maritsa team (2011-04-14).
518:List of earthquakes in 1928
1278:
434:Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria
1209:
1126:(7.1/7.1, Apr 14/Apr 18)
36:
24:
858:Earthquakes in the 1920s
371:Mercalli intensity scale
1237:Earthquakes in Bulgaria
302:Coulomb stress transfer
16:Earthquakes in Bulgaria
613:(in Bulgarian). Marica
362:
179:15 km (9 mi)
1242:Earthquakes in Greece
1017:Charlevoix–Kamouraska
352:
788:bulgarianhistory.org
659:10.1029/2005JB003814
1262:Doublet earthquakes
813:BULGARIA: POPOVITSA
650:2006JGRB..111.1303V
576:earthquake.usgs.gov
547:earthquake.usgs.gov
85:1928-04-18 19:22:56
77:1928-04-14 09:00:00
21:
994:(8.1, September 1)
983:Torbat-e Heydarieh
572:"M 7.1 - Bulgaria"
543:"M 7.1 - Bulgaria"
413:. You can help by
363:
329:. You can help by
1257:April 1928 events
1224:
1223:
961:(8.4, February 3)
818:BULGARIA: CHIRPAN
431:
430:
347:
346:
252:
251:
1269:
1252:1928 in Bulgaria
1247:1928 earthquakes
930:(6.1, August 14)
852:
845:
838:
829:
800:
799:
797:
795:
780:
774:
773:
771:
769:
759:
753:
752:
750:
748:
733:
727:
726:
724:
722:
708:
699:
693:
692:
690:
688:
679:
670:
664:
663:
661:
629:
623:
622:
620:
618:
602:
591:
590:
588:
587:
568:
562:
561:
559:
558:
539:
503:
491:
479:
468:
459:
450:
426:
423:
404:
396:
369:and X–XI on the
342:
339:
320:
312:
294:surface ruptures
269:
240:
238:
226:
170:
154:
52:
51:
45:
29:
22:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1205:
1147:
1124:Chirpan–Plovdiv
1110:
1092:(6.3, July 11)
1043:
1003:
967:(7.0, March 24)
945:
914:
859:
856:
809:
804:
803:
793:
791:
782:
781:
777:
767:
765:
761:
760:
756:
746:
744:
735:
734:
730:
720:
718:
706:
701:
700:
696:
686:
684:
677:
672:
671:
667:
631:
630:
626:
616:
614:
604:
603:
594:
585:
583:
570:
569:
565:
556:
554:
541:
540:
536:
531:
514:
507:
504:
495:
492:
483:
480:
469:
460:
451:
442:
427:
421:
418:
411:needs expansion
405:
394:
343:
337:
334:
327:needs expansion
321:
310:
281:
268:
232:
230:
219:
169:
153:
58:
57:
56:
55:
54:
53:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1275:
1273:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1196:(7.8, June 17)
1191:
1187:(6.3, May 18)
1182:
1173:
1167:
1163:(6.9, Jan 17)
1157:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1136:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1087:
1083:(7.6, May 22)
1078:
1074:(7.1, Apr 14)
1069:
1060:
1053:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1040:(6.8, June 29)
1035:
1034:(6.9, June 27)
1029:
1025:(7.0, Mar 16)
1020:
1013:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1001:
989:
980:
971:
962:
955:
953:
947:
946:
944:
943:
937:
924:
922:
916:
915:
913:
912:
906:
902:(7.8, Dec 16)
897:
888:
884:(6.2, Feb 20)
879:
869:
867:
861:
860:
857:
855:
854:
847:
840:
832:
826:
825:
820:
815:
808:
807:External links
805:
802:
801:
775:
754:
728:
694:
665:
644:(B1): B01303.
624:
592:
563:
533:
532:
530:
527:
526:
525:
520:
513:
510:
509:
508:
505:
498:
496:
493:
486:
484:
481:
474:
471:
470:
463:
461:
454:
452:
445:
441:
438:
429:
428:
408:
406:
399:
393:
390:
386:Eleftheroupoli
345:
344:
324:
322:
315:
309:
306:
280:
277:
266:
250:
249:
246:
242:
241:
228:
221:
220:
218:
217:
214:
207:
205:
201:
200:
195:
194:Areas affected
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
167:
161:
157:
156:
151:
145:
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
67:
60:
59:
47:
46:
40:
39:
38:
37:
34:
33:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1274:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1202:(7.2, Nov 18)
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:(7.2, May 1)
1177:
1174:
1171:
1170:Arthur's Pass
1168:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1141:(7.6, Dec 1)
1140:
1137:
1135:(7.2, May 14)
1134:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1103:
1101:(6.7, Sep 11)
1100:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:(7.0, Mar 7)
1064:
1061:
1059:(6.0, Feb 14)
1058:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1038:Santa Barbara
1036:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1019:(6.2, Feb 28)
1018:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1000:
997:
993:
990:
988:
985:(6.0, May 25)
984:
981:
979:
976:(8.2, Apr 13)
975:
974:2nd Kamchatka
972:
970:
966:
963:
960:
959:1st Kamchatka
957:
956:
954:
952:
948:
941:
940:Sevier Valley
938:
936:
933:
929:
926:
925:
923:
921:
917:
911:(6.0, Dec 17)
910:
907:
905:
901:
898:
896:
893:(6.5, Sep 7)
892:
889:
887:
883:
880:
878:
875:(6.4, Jan 3)
874:
871:
870:
868:
866:
862:
853:
848:
846:
841:
839:
834:
833:
830:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
806:
789:
785:
779:
776:
764:
758:
755:
742:
738:
732:
729:
716:
712:
705:
698:
695:
683:
676:
669:
666:
660:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
628:
625:
612:
608:
601:
599:
597:
593:
581:
577:
573:
567:
564:
552:
548:
544:
538:
535:
528:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
511:
502:
497:
490:
485:
478:
473:
467:
462:
458:
453:
449:
444:
439:
437:
435:
425:
416:
412:
409:This section
407:
403:
398:
397:
391:
389:
387:
383:
378:
374:
372:
368:
360:
356:
351:
341:
332:
328:
325:This section
323:
319:
314:
313:
307:
305:
303:
297:
295:
291:
286:
278:
276:
274:
270:
261:
257:
247:
243:
239:
236:
229:
222:
215:
213:
210:Five billion
209:
208:
206:
202:
199:
196:
192:
189:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:
162:
158:
155:
146:
142:
138:
134:
131:
128:
124:
121:
118:
116:
111:
108:
105:
101:
98:
95:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
61:
44:
35:
28:
23:
1216:
1211:
1188:
1179:
1172:(7.1, Mar 9)
1164:
1142:
1127:
1123:
1107:(7.3, Nov 4)
1093:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1026:
998:
995:
986:
977:
968:
934:
931:
903:
894:
885:
876:
792:. Retrieved
787:
778:
766:. Retrieved
757:
745:. Retrieved
740:
731:
719:. Retrieved
714:
710:
697:
685:. Retrieved
681:
668:
641:
637:
627:
615:. Retrieved
610:
584:. Retrieved
575:
566:
555:. Retrieved
546:
537:
432:
419:
415:adding to it
410:
379:
375:
364:
335:
331:adding to it
326:
298:
282:
255:
253:
234:
204:Total damage
1200:Grand Banks
1133:Chachapoyas
992:Great Kantō
682:Geosciences
355:Voyvodinovo
260:Sredna Gora
93: event
1231:Categories
1063:Kita Tango
891:Garfagnana
586:2021-03-17
557:2021-03-17
529:References
422:March 2021
338:March 2021
279:Earthquake
245:Casualties
66: time
1194:Murchison
1176:Kopet Dag
763:"История"
741:NGDC NCEI
717:: 119–126
611:marica.bg
290:colluvial
248:127+ dead
227:intensity
136:Magnitude
1057:Ljubinje
873:Veracruz
794:17 March
768:16 March
747:16 March
721:16 March
687:16 March
617:17 March
580:Archived
551:Archived
512:See also
392:Response
382:Komotini
359:Parvomay
233:MMI XI (
198:Bulgaria
1185:Suşehri
1090:Jericho
1072:Mendoza
1032:Montana
928:Massawa
909:Mendoza
900:Haiyuan
646:Bibcode
440:Gallery
357:, near
285:rupture
235:Extreme
1161:Cumaná
1105:Lompoc
1099:Crimea
1081:Gulang
743:. NCEI
308:Impact
188:Normal
160:
144:
139:
130:ComCat
126:
120:ComCat
107:908608
103:
97:908596
82:
74:
69:
1139:Talca
965:Renda
707:(PDF)
678:(PDF)
176:Depth
113:USGS-
1153:1929
1116:1928
1049:1927
1023:Dali
1009:1925
951:1923
920:1921
882:Gori
865:1920
796:2021
770:2021
749:2021
723:2021
689:2021
619:2021
273:leva
254:The
225:Max.
212:leva
184:Type
163:7.1
147:7.1
115:ANSS
654:doi
642:111
417:.
333:.
91:ISC
64:UTC
1233::
1180:†‡
1143:†‡
1085:†‡
1027:†‡
904:†‡
786:.
739:.
713:.
709:.
680:.
652:.
640:.
636:.
609:.
595:^
578:.
574:.
549:.
545:.
275:.
1217:‡
1212:†
1189:†
1165:†
1128:†
1094:†
1076:†
1067:†
999:‡
996:†
987:†
978:†
969:†
935:‡
932:†
895:†
886:†
877:†
851:e
844:t
837:v
798:.
772:.
751:.
725:.
715:2
691:.
662:.
656::
648::
621:.
589:.
560:.
424:)
420:(
361:.
340:)
336:(
267:w
265:M
237:)
168:w
166:M
152:w
150:M
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
