230:. But tank losses during the fighting required the re-organization of some of the units. Consequently, tank companies were re-organized into 10 tank companies with 3 tank platoons, and 1 tank for the company commander. During the remaining struggle for Bataan, the two Tank Battalions tried to defend the beaches, the airfield, and provided support for the infantry, until 8 April 1942, when the 192nd and 194th received orders to prepare to destroy their M3s, upon receiving the
142:
238:
150:
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in 1942. The 26th
Cavalry had just recently been under enemy aerial attack, and was operating in the area currently being traversed by B company tanks. General Wainwright, commander of US/allied forces in the Philippines during its final period, received reports that the town of
311:
The
Americans were not successful in destroying all of their tanks, as many of the M3 Stuarts were captured and used by the enemy during the war. When the Philippines were liberated in 1944/45, some of those captured M3 Stuart light tanks were taken back by US
204:. In this, the first American tanks manned by US tank crewmen to engage enemy tanks during World War II, the M3's of the 192nd Tank Battalion went up against the equally armed Type 95 light tank, which were armed with the 37mm cannon, but were equipped with
188:
were nearly out of gas, so he had to consolidate the fuel from the whole company in order to "top-off" just one platoon of five light tanks. Hanes ordered the tank platoon, led by LT Ben R. Morin, to move north from the town of
537:
596:
586:
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on 20 November 1941. On 22 December 1941, the 192nd Tank
Battalion became the first American tank unit to engage enemy armor in tank-to-tank combat during World War II. The unit withdrew to the
266:
as part of the general retreat, and ceased to exist on 9 April 1942 when the last surviving
American and Philippine forces on the Bataan Peninsula surrendered. Some men went to
591:
219:
also received hits, but withdrew from the field, only to be destroyed by enemy aircraft later on. Lieutenant Morin was wounded, and he along with his crew were captured.
555:
84:
deployed from San
Francisco on 8 September 1941, arriving in the Philippines on 26 September. That deployment was followed by the 192nd Tank Battalion, which reached
157:
On 21 December 1941, the 192nd Tank
Battalion, under the command of Major Theodore F. Wickord, was ordered to move north. Major Wickord sent Company B, commanded by
215:
In the tank to tank battle that ensued, the lead 192nd tank immediately left the road to maneuver, but was instantly hit and caught fire. The remaining four
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as laborers. Of the 593 officers and men of the 192nd Tank
Battalion who went to the Philippines in October 1941, 328 did not survive the war.
522:
507:
492:
173:
36:
477:
169:. However, upon reaching Gerona, no fuel was available, and word reached Captain Hanes that the enemy was fast approaching Bauang.
161:, ahead, most likely as an advanced guard. During B company's advance, they had planned to refuel their gasoline powered M3's at
125:
James R. N. Weaver. With the subsequent commencement of hostilities, and
Japanese landings along the coastlines in December, the
43:; being part of the force that surrendered to the Japanese there, it subsequently ceased to exist as an active unit.
181:
was fast being approached by mechanized elements of the
Japanese Army; and he ordered Captain Hanes to engage them.
61:
573:
Daniel L. Caldwell (2019) "Thunder on Bataan: The First
American Tank Battles of World War II". Stackpole Books.
441:
551:
57:
110:
92:
68:
light tanks, then just rolling off the assembly lines, were to have the highest priority in reinforcing
234:. The code word "Crash" was transmitted, and the US Army/allies on Bataan surrendered on 9 April 1942.
81:
73:
28:
271:
104:
24:
536:
Major General Arthur Y. Lloyd; Brigadier General William R. Buster; William J. Dennis (1961).
518:
503:
488:
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98:
69:
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was ordered to counterattack the landing forces, and to cover the allied retreat towards the
546:
275:
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130:
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light tanks, along with 23 half-tracks per battalion. The federalized California Army Guard
40:
287:
283:
162:
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The activated Army National Guard 192nd Tank Battalion initially received training at
141:
580:
255:
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194:
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194th and 192nd Tank Battalions were each equipped with 54 of the newly manufactured
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237:
417:
Hunnicutt (Stuart) p. 396 photo of captured US M3 light tanks wearing IJA markings
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117:
On 21 November 1941 the 192nd and 194th Tank Battalions were combined to form the
259:
197:
32:
279:
270:, while others escaped to the jungle. Those who remained, participated in the
267:
193:, where here on 22 December 1941, the platoon of M3 Stuarts ran into Japanese
251:
65:
88:
in November. The 192nd Tank Battalion was composed of tank companies from:
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had been at the forefront of tank technology when it was fielded in 1935.
223:
122:
538:"The Provisional Tank Group United States Army Forces in the Far East"
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until the close of the invasion of the Philippines. Some prisoners at
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on 30 December 1944. Others were sent to Japan or other parts of the
227:
166:
85:
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The US Army's last official US Horse Cavalry to see combat was the
236:
148:
140:
446:. Proviso Township High Schools District 209. 28 February 2011
222:
Both the 192nd and the 194th Tank Battalions continued to
515:
Armored Thunderbolt, The US Army Sherman in World War II.
184:
Since Hanes had not been able to re-fuel at Gerona, his
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with the 4th Tank Regiment, as they retreated towards
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Battalions of the United States Army in World War II
587:
Battalions of the United States Army National Guard
35:, the battalion was engaged in combat during the
31:unit activated in November 1940. Deployed to the
8:
470:Stuart, A History of the American Light Tank
502:2007; Osprey Publishing/New Vanguard #137.
174:US 26th Cavalry (Horse) (Philippine Scouts)
487:1999; Osprey Publishing/New Vanguard #33.
107:(Company C formerly 37th Tank Company) and
592:Tank battalions of the United States Army
72:'s command in the Pacific. The activated
95:(Company A, formerly 32nd Tank Company),
552:Kentucky Department of Military Affairs
368:
366:
364:
325:
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113:(Company D formerly 38th Tank Company).
101:(Company B formerly 33rd Tank Company),
354:
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348:
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145:US Army M3 Stuart tank at Fort Knox Ky
444:Bataan Commemorative Research Project
7:
399:Zaloga (Japanese Tanks 1939–45) p. 3
136:
408:Zaloga (Armored Thunderbolt) p. 302
390:Zaloga (Armored Thunderbolt) p. 301
332:Hunnicutt (Stuart) p. 127 & 395
472:; Volume 1. 1992; Presidio Press.
14:
258:in October 1941, arriving in the
437:"192nd GHQ Light Tank Battalion"
200:from the Imperial Japanese Army
485:M3 & M5 Light Tank 1940–45.
64:, directed that the army's new
137:America's first clash of armor
1:
372:Zaloga (M3/M5 Stuart) p. 13
613:
254:, and Polk. The unit left
62:General George C. Marshall
39:and the US retreat to the
426:Hunnicutt (Stuart) p. 396
358:Hunnicutt (Stuart) p. 395
52:Activation and deployment
442:Proviso East High School
381:Hunicutt (Stuart) p. 385
517:2008; Stackpole Books.
500:Japanese Tanks 1939–45.
242:
154:
146:
127:Provisional Tank Group
119:Provisional Tank Group
58:US Army Chief of Staff
241:Memorial in Wisconsin
240:
152:
144:
121:under the command of
111:Harrodsburg, Kentucky
93:Janesville, Wisconsin
159:Captain Donald Hanes
82:194th Tank Battalion
21:192nd Tank Battalion
74:Army National Guard
29:Army National Guard
545:The Office of the
513:Zaloga, Steven J.
498:Zaloga, Steven J.
483:Zaloga, Steven J.
272:Bataan Death March
243:
210:Type 95 light tank
165:and then again at
155:
147:
105:Port Clinton, Ohio
27:was a federalized
25:United States Army
523:978-0-8117-0424-3
508:978-1-84603-091-8
493:978-1-85532-911-9
468:Hunnicutt, R. P.
202:4th Tank Regiment
99:Maywood, Illinois
70:General MacArthur
37:Japanese invasion
604:
570:
568:
566:
560:
554:. Archived from
547:Adjutant General
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427:
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406:
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397:
391:
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370:
359:
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333:
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313:
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282:were rescued by
276:prisoners of war
274:. They remained
264:Bataan Peninsula
153:IJA type 95 tank
131:Bataan Peninsula
41:Bataan Peninsula
612:
611:
607:
606:
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603:
602:
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561:on 9 April 2015
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530:Further reading
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288:Japanese empire
284:US Army Rangers
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256:San Francisco
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208:engines. The
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56:In 1941, the
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16:Military unit
565:24 September
563:. Retrieved
556:the original
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448:. Retrieved
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260:Philippines
198:light tanks
33:Philippines
581:Categories
463:References
280:Cabanatuan
268:Corregidor
320:Citations
299:Footnotes
252:Fort Knox
232:code word
78:M3 Stuart
66:M3 Stuart
246:Overview
224:skirmish
191:Damortis
179:Damortis
450:3 March
312:forces.
217:Stuarts
195:Type 95
186:Stuarts
123:Colonel
47:History
23:of the
521:
506:
491:
476:
228:Bataan
206:diesel
167:Bauang
163:Gerona
86:Manila
559:(PDF)
541:(PDF)
294:Notes
567:2012
519:ISBN
504:ISBN
489:ISBN
474:ISBN
452:2011
19:The
583::
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543:.
439:.
363:^
337:^
133:.
60:,
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480:.
454:.
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