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Grigg was returned comfortably with 75% of the poll, albeit on the relatively low turnout of 33%. The by-elections of the Second World War showed evidence of the role of the war in initiating a leftward swing in
British politics so pointing the way towards the coming electoral landslide for Labour in
508:
candidates in a number of wartime by-elections showed. However, Cardiff East was not one of these elections. A genuine cross party backing for the non-partisan figure of Sir James Grigg, a patriotic desire to support Grigg in his vital position of
Secretary for War and the perception of the ILP as
445:
The main election issue was the prosecution and conduct of the war. Grigg declared his support for the armed forces and his plans to improve equipment and training and he promised to continue to develop new weapons and devices by involving scientists in the war effort. He urged the press to cease
360:
Underlining his lack of party political credentials, Grigg stated that he intended to stand in the by-election as a
National candidate without other party label. He said that as a civil servant of 30 years standing it would be unfair to the service to adopt a party affiliation and he said he had
351:
to the
Japanese. The timing of Temple-Morris' appointment as a judge, albeit to replace one who had died, thus creating a vacancy in Cardiff East, the appointment of Grigg as War Secretary necessitating his finding a seat in the House of Commons and the ease with which the Cardiff
356:
selected Grigg as their candidate at the behest of party headquarters even though, as he admitted himself, he had no previous connection with the constituency or the
Conservative Party strongly suggests that the whole process was engineered by the government.
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462:
In his election address, Brockway stated that the policy of a socialist
Britain would not be to negotiate with Hitler but to appeal to the peoples of Europe to overthrow him. The ILP campaign emphasised the importance of
458:
for all. Grigg also fired a similar salvo at
Brockway, claiming that he was opposed to Britain's fighting the war and warned that unless Brockway was defeated decisively, Britain's enemies would be encouraged.
297:, the party holding a seat would not be opposed by the other two at a by-election. Accordingly, it fell to the Cardiff East Conservatives to choose the successor to Temple-Morris and they unanimously selected
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none. He declared that he wanted to be the party of national unity at a time of national emergency and that the war had to be won as a nation not by any party ticket.
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In accordance with the wartime electoral truce, the Labour and
Liberal parties declined to stand candidates but Grigg was opposed by a representative of the
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an extremist and anti-war organisation, all combined to ensure that
Cardiff East bucked the anti-government trend of a number of mostly later by-elections.
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450:'s work. In his election address Grigg wholeheartedly associated himself and his candidacy in the by-election with the fight to rid the world of
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attacks on the military leadership and the performance of the armed forces, accusing those parts of the media who did so of doing
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and Japanese domination and to build from the wreck of the old world a better and more just new one with
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377:. Brockway was originally a journalist but became active on the left of British politics. He had been a
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The by-election took place during the Second World War. Under an agreement between the Conservative,
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500:. They also offered voters an opportunity to rebel against the electoral truce as the success of
487:, John Dooley, also made clear their support of Grigg in line with official Labour Party policy.
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By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Welsh constituencies
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the ILP disaffiliated en masse from the Labour Party and formed a separate
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413:. Brockway also fought elections unsuccessfully for the ILP at
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The by-election was caused by the appointment of the sitting
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881:
The Road to 1945: British Politics and the Second World War
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but his anti-fascism, particularly his support for the
324:. In this role he worked closely and effectively with
810:(1 ed.). Glasgow: Political Reference Publications.
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332:and in 1942, in an unorthodox move, the
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792:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
736:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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2382:House of Commons of the United Kingdom
935:37th Parliament of the United Kingdom
870:in C Cook & J Ramsden (eds.) p148
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467:and the need for solidarity with the
316:and in India and had risen to become
293:parties, who were participating in a
16:UK Parliamentary by-election in Wales
7:
2957:1942 elections in the United Kingdom
868:By-Elections of the Second World War
706:By-Elections of the Second World War
681:Lists of United Kingdom by-elections
347:whom he dismissed after the fall of
485:Transport and General Workers Union
330:Chief of the Imperial General Staff
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686:United Kingdom by-election records
318:Permanent Under-Secretary of State
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518:1942 Cardiff East by-election
1:
1653:Queen's University of Belfast
1065:Combined English Universities
235:1942 Cardiff East by-election
22:1942 Cardiff East by-election
401:. He had been Labour MP for
857:The Times, 10 April 1942 p2
845:The Times, 11 April 1942 p2
836:The Times, 13 April 1942 p2
765:The Times, 30 March 1942 p2
756:The Times, 15 April 1942 p4
747:The Times, 14 March 1942 p2
721:The Times, 21 March 1942 p4
303:Conservative Central Office
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1944:Whitechapel and St Georges
883:; Quartet Books, 1977 p249
827:The Times, 9 April 1942 p2
777:The Times, 6 April 1942 p2
341:Secretary of State for War
2834:United Kingdom portal
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2243:Lists of UK by-elections
1744:Birmingham King's Norton
806:Craig, F. W. S. (1969).
371:Independent Labour Party
365:Independent Labour Party
308:Grigg had been a career
243:British House of Commons
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2008:Midlothian and Peebles
1788:Scarborough and Whitby
1410:Brecon and Radnorshire
712:; UCL Press, 1997 p130
387:conscientious objector
385:and later for being a
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732:Sir Percy James Grigg
435:a by-election in 1941
427:1935 general election
407:1931 general election
343:as a replacement for
259:National Conservative
2972:Elections in Cardiff
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312:, had served at the
237:was a parliamentary
2822:Politics portal
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2760:University of Wales
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1987:University of Wales
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1000:Balham and Tooting
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270:county court judge
266:Owen Temple-Morris
249:on 13 April 1942.
199:Owen Temple-Morris
155:Popular vote
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2018:Portsmouth North
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2023:Bristol Central
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326:Sir Alan Brooke
299:Sir James Grigg
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1523:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1480:City of London
1477:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1389:North Cornwall
1386:
1381:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1342:South Ayrshire
1338:
1333:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1254:Willesden East
1250:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1229:
1223:
1218:
1216:City of London
1212:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1113:Plymouth Drake
1110:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1005:East Grinstead
1002:
997:
991:
985:
979:
974:
972:Dunbartonshire
968:
962:
955:
953:
949:
948:
919:
917:
916:
909:
902:
894:
886:
885:
872:
859:
847:
838:
829:
820:
796:
786:David Howell,
779:
767:
758:
749:
740:
723:
714:
696:
695:
693:
690:
689:
688:
683:
676:
673:
670:
669:
667:
665:
660:
648:
645:
644:
642:
640:
637:
631:
630:
627:
624:
621:
615:
614:
609:
606:
603:
599:
598:
593:
590:
587:
582:
577:
574:
573:
566:
561:
556:
549:
542:
539:
538:
533:
530:
527:
524:
514:
511:
492:
489:
471:. However the
442:
439:
366:
363:
334:prime minister
282:
279:
277:
274:
254:
251:
229:
228:
225:
224:
206:
182:
181:
178:
177:
174:
169:
165:
164:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
124:
120:
119:
112:
105:
101:
100:
97:
94:
86:
85:
76:
72:
71:
63:
62:
59:
58:
52:
47:
36:
35:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2999:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2977:1942 in Wales
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2825:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2803:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2671:Cardiganshire
2668:
2666:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2601:
2600:Cardiganshire
2597:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2467:
2465:
2464:Pembrokeshire
2461:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2344:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2089:Woolwich West
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1733:West Bromwich
1731:
1729:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1579:Croydon North
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1286:Lewisham West
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
992:
990:
986:
984:
980:
978:
975:
973:
969:
967:
963:
961:
957:
956:
954:
950:
944:
943:
936:
932:
926:
925:
915:
910:
908:
903:
901:
896:
895:
892:
882:
876:
873:
869:
863:
860:
854:
852:
848:
842:
839:
833:
830:
824:
821:
817:
813:
809:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
783:
780:
774:
772:
768:
762:
759:
753:
750:
744:
741:
737:
733:
727:
724:
718:
715:
711:
707:
701:
698:
691:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
674:
668:
666:
664:
661:
659:
655:
652:
647:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
632:
628:
625:
622:
620:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
572:
571:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
554:
550:
548:
547:
543:
541:
521:
512:
510:
507:
503:
502:Common Wealth
499:
490:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
460:
457:
453:
449:
440:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:a by-election
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
397:softened his
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
364:
362:
358:
355:
350:
346:
342:
338:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
310:civil servant
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
280:
275:
273:
271:
267:
263:
260:
252:
250:
248:
244:
241:held for the
240:
236:
223:
222:
218:
213:
212:
207:
205:
204:
200:
195:
193:
189:
188:
183:
175:
173:
170:
167:
166:
162:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
130:
129:
125:
122:
121:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
102:
99:Second party
98:
95:
92:
87:
77:
73:
70:
64:
57: →
56:
53:
51:
50:13 April 1942
48:
46:
43:←
42:
41:
37:
25:
19:
2926:2010–present
2748:Cardiff East
2747:
2736:Swansea East
2677:Rhondda East
2588:Rhondda West
2565:Swansea East
2392:1950–present
2390:
2374:By-elections
2365:
2312:2010–present
2083:Peterborough
1993:Belfast West
1949:Poplar South
1880:Cardiff East
1879:
1696:South Dorset
1490:Belfast East
1485:Swansea East
1442:Macclesfield
1404:Colne Valley
1314:East Norfolk
1159:North Dorset
940:
931:By-elections
922:
880:
875:
867:
862:
841:
832:
823:
816:0-900178-019
807:
791:
787:
782:
761:
752:
743:
735:
731:
730:H F Oxbury,
726:
717:
709:
705:
700:
658:Conservative
653:
611:
595:
569:
568:
563:
558:
551:
544:
494:
469:Soviet Union
461:
444:
383:conscription
368:
359:
307:
284:
256:
247:Cardiff East
234:
232:
215:
208:
197:
190:
171:
158:
126:
96:First party
69:Cardiff East
49:
18:
2594:Abertillery
2170:September:
2013:King's Lynn
1786:September:
1755:West Dorset
1701:Petersfield
1669:Northampton
1663:Southampton
1635:September:
1589:Bournemouth
1564:Spen Valley
1527:Argyllshire
1475:Southampton
1221:Fulham West
1163:September:
879:P Addison,
704:P Addison,
553:James Grigg
506:Independent
417:in 1934 in
403:Leyton East
391:Republicans
239:by-election
217:James Grigg
168:Percentage
128:James Grigg
2951:Categories
2742:Carmarthen
2707:Caerphilly
2701:Pontypridd
2659:Pontypridd
2642:Carmarthen
2636:Carmarthen
2618:Pontypridd
2606:Caerphilly
2210:Chelmsford
2200:Motherwell
2160:Clay Cross
2126:February:
2093:December:
2087:November:
2072:Chippenham
2034:Buckingham
1991:February:
1933:Spennymoor
1906:Chichester
1836:February:
1814:December:
1803:November:
1793:The Wrekin
1776:Pontefract
1722:Carmarthen
1689:February:
1667:December:
1651:November:
1500:Silvertown
1473:February:
1446:December:
1440:November:
1379:Caerphilly
1373:Kennington
1320:Holderness
1318:February:
1295:December:
1276:Bridgwater
1264:November:
1200:Pontypridd
1198:February:
1175:November:
1118:Cheltenham
1108:Buckingham
1042:February:
1017:Clay Cross
1015:November:
964:February:
692:References
526:Candidate
473:Communists
322:War Office
281:Government
276:Candidates
123:Candidate
2921:1979–2010
2916:1950–1979
2911:1931–1950
2906:1918–1931
2901:1900–1918
2896:1885–1900
2891:1868–1885
2886:1857–1868
2881:1847–1857
2876:1832–1847
2871:1818–1832
2866:1806–1818
2861:1801–1806
2796:Pontypool
2582:Ebbw Vale
2385:1900–1949
2367:1868–1899
2307:1979–2010
2302:1950–1979
2297:1931–1950
2292:1918–1931
2287:1900–1918
2282:1885–1900
2277:1868–1885
2272:1857–1868
2267:1847–1857
2262:1832–1847
2257:1818–1832
2252:1806–1818
2247:1801–1806
2176:October:
2120:January:
2078:St Albans
2076:October:
2039:Eddisbury
1980:January:
1958:October:
1928:Salisbury
1875:Tavistock
1810:Hampstead
1799:Lancaster
1797:October:
1738:Mansfield
1691:Doncaster
1658:Aldershot
1511:Kettering
1453:Stretford
1448:Streatham
1421:High Peak
1414:October:
1312:January:
1281:Doncaster
1258:October:
1232:Aylesbury
1227:Lichfield
1194:Farnworth
1192:January:
1169:October:
1070:Tonbridge
1009:October:
958:January:
866:Addison,
602:Majority
465:socialism
431:Lancaster
349:Singapore
2802:Aberdare
2784:Monmouth
2713:Monmouth
2695:Llanelli
2689:Monmouth
2630:Anglesey
2446:Anglesey
2410:Monmouth
2128:Brighton
2070:August:
2044:Daventry
1982:Hamilton
1939:Rothwell
1937:August:
1890:Wallasey
1869:Grantham
1849:Nuneaton
1843:Keighley
1805:Brighton
1780:August:
1761:Greenock
1619:August:
1615:Wansbeck
1610:Rochdale
1548:Brighton
1532:Lonsdale
1431:Ormskirk
1408:August:
1399:Monmouth
1266:Dartford
1248:Barnsley
1243:Stafford
1177:Hastings
1154:Chertsey
1027:Greenock
977:Llanelli
675:See also
651:National
546:National
379:pacifist
314:Treasury
221:National
209:Elected
203:National
144:National
2778:Newport
2683:Merthyr
2547:Cardiff
2389:»
2380:to the
2364:«
2231:Newport
2198:April:
2178:Chelsea
2172:Bilston
2158:April:
2152:March:
2122:Skipton
2095:Consett
2032:April:
2028:Watford
1998:Ashford
1922:Windsor
1873:April:
1847:March:
1749:Hornsey
1726:April:
1712:Hitchin
1710:March:
1647:Preston
1626:Mitcham
1525:April:
1509:March:
1416:Fareham
1340:April:
1329:March:
1271:Walsall
1214:April:
1205:Ipswich
1143:St Ives
1133:Bewdley
1079:April:
1075:Farnham
1063:March:
1022:Preston
983:Peckham
970:March:
939:»
933:to the
921:«
639:40,254
623:13,341
619:Turnout
559:10,030
491:Outcome
477:fascism
429:and at
425:in the
423:Norwich
393:in the
373:(ILP),
320:at the
291:Liberal
268:, as a
253:Vacancy
104:
93:
78:33.1% (
75:Turnout
2790:Ogmore
2665:Ogmore
2422:Eifion
2395:»
2370:«
2164:July:
2100:Darwen
2064:July:
2055:Newark
2048:June:
2003:Antrim
1926:July:
1917:Maldon
1910:June:
1901:Putney
1816:Harrow
1771:Dudley
1759:July:
1753:June:
1717:Bodmin
1637:Bolton
1593:July:
1562:June:
1377:July:
1260:Oxford
1252:July:
1236:June:
1147:July:
1138:Ilford
1101:June:
993:July:
987:June:
945:»
927:«
814:
629:−40.0
605:6,719
589:3,311
529:Votes
523:Party
479:. The
448:Hitler
441:Issues
354:Tories
287:Labour
163:3,311
159:10,030
140:Party
84:40.0%)
2772:Neath
2728:1940s
2651:1930s
2612:Gower
2574:1920s
2541:Arfon
2499:Arfon
2479:1910s
2402:1900s
2378:Wales
2226:Neath
2219:May:
2105:Acton
1899:May:
1895:Rugby
1864:Wigan
1742:May:
1546:May:
1458:Wells
1394:Hythe
1346:May:
1325:Ripon
1291:Fylde
1225:May:
1095:May:
995:Derby
989:Lewes
981:May:
663:Swing
656:from
626:33.1
608:50.4
592:24.8
564:75.2
421:; at
176:24.8
2192:1945
2114:1944
1974:1943
1965:Ince
1830:1942
1683:1941
1467:1940
1348:Down
1306:1939
1186:1938
1097:York
1036:1937
952:1936
812:ISBN
654:gain
504:and
498:1945
452:Nazi
328:the
289:and
233:The
172:75.2
55:1945
45:1935
2376:in
790:in
734:in
612:N/A
596:N/A
570:N/A
433:at
2953::
850:^
799:^
770:^
536:±%
532:%
437:.
305:.
272:.
264:,
262:MP
211:MP
192:MP
2356:e
2349:t
2342:v
913:e
906:t
899:v
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