28:
20:
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and rolling on the ground; many were beaten. Those who collapsed from the abuse were attacked by guard dogs or hosed with water and kicked until they stood up. Anyone who tried to protect himself from the sunlight was also beaten. Several Jews were injured and a few died. Both
767:
96:
121:
were involved in abusing Jews during the roundup. German actresses applauded and photographed the action from balconies above the square. Greek bystanders were reported to be indifferent or amused.
156:
In the following weeks, thousands of
Salonica Jews were arrested for forced labor projects. A few white-collar workers were exempted from the forced labor measures. Some Jewish veterans of the
90:). The roundup was organized by the Governorate-General of Macedonia along with Greek police, discharged military officers, and doctors. Those who did not appear faced imprisonment in
555:
27:
19:
86:, the governor-general of Macedonia. Simonides published his own version of the edict the same day, stating that Jews were a racial category (similar to the 1935
163:
The roundup is remembered as the beginning of the destruction of the Jewish community of
Salonica. One survivor, Itzhak Nehama, recalled the roundup at the 1961
217:
600:
677:
129:
802:
854:
548:
492:
473:
451:
432:
410:
728:
762:
502:
Srougo, Shai (2020). "The Jewish workers in the port of
Thessaloniki (1939-1943): Their war experience as workers, Greeks and Jews".
732:
149:('New Europe') published photographs of the Jews' ordeal and reported that "non-Jewish spectators, gathered in the surrounding road
104:
During the roundup, which began at 8:00 and lasted until 14:00, the Jews were forced to violate the Jewish holy day by performing
790:
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64:
641:
737:
636:
818:
143:
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by asking for a list of those wounded. Registration was completed the following Monday. The collaborationist newspaper
785:
616:
461:
797:
623:
79:
859:
828:
584:
442:
Chandrinos, Iason; Droumpouki, Anna Maria (2018). "The German
Occupation and the Holocaust in Greece: A Survey".
68:
833:
628:
605:
212:
864:
564:
176:
110:
74:
The conscription of all Jewish men between the ages of 18 and 45 was announced on 7 July by
Generalleutnant
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160:
managed to avoid it, as their employment was protected for one year after their discharge from the army.
742:
91:
83:
75:
153:... had but one wish: that scenes such as the one they’d just seen would go on as long as possible".
125:
63:, northern Greece. Jointly organized by the German occupation authorities and the collaborationist
483:
Saltiel, Leon (2019). "Dehumanizing the Dead: The
Destruction of Thessaloniki's Jewish Cemetery".
519:
56:
138:
695:
488:
469:
447:
428:
406:
157:
710:
705:
511:
401:
Apostolou, Andrew (2018). "Greek
Collaboration in the Holocaust and the Course of the War".
685:
657:
164:
87:
52:
44:
848:
757:
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690:
580:
523:
420:
118:
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67:, it was the first major antisemitic measure taken in Salonica following the 1941
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82:(RSHA) stated that this decision was made in agreement with
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representative in the city, attracted the attention of the
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763:List of Righteous Among the Nations from Greece
405:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 89–112.
446:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 15–35.
549:
8:
716:
642:Greek Jews in the Nazi concentration camps
601:The Holocaust in Bulgarian-occupied Greece
556:
542:
534:
262:
250:
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637:List of Holocaust transports from Greece
130:International Committee of the Red Cross
78:, the German commander in Salonica. The
803:Bibliography of the Holocaust in Greece
341:
326:
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198:
188:
384:
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314:
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51:) occurred on Saturday, 11 July (the
16:Antisemitic measure taken in Salonica
7:
213:"Φωτογραφίζοντας το "Μαύρο Σάββατο""
31:Greek Jews forced to do calisthenics
55:) and involved 9,000 Jewish men in
504:Journal of Modern European History
487:. Berghahn Books. pp. 68–84.
425:The Agony of Greek Jews, 1940–1945
14:
361:Chandrinos & Droumpouki 2018
211:Μυρτσιώτη, Γιώτα (7 July 2011).
65:Governorate-General of Macedonia
738:Rescue of the Jews of Zakynthos
611:1942 Eleftherias Square roundup
485:Microhistories of the Holocaust
37:1942 Eleftherias Square roundup
468:. Princeton University Press.
1:
855:The Holocaust in Thessaloniki
819:History of the Jews in Greece
427:. Stanford University Press.
462:Fleming, Katherine Elizabeth
617:Jewish cemetery of Salonica
881:
798:Holocaust Museum of Greece
624:Haidari concentration camp
80:Reich Security Main Office
829:The Holocaust in Bulgaria
606:The Holocaust in Salonica
585:Axis occupation of Greece
571:
69:Axis occupation of Greece
48:
23:Photograph of the roundup
834:Turkey and the Holocaust
516:10.1177/1611894420924909
466:Greece: A Jewish History
565:The Holocaust in Greece
444:The Holocaust in Greece
403:The Holocaust in Greece
177:The Holocaust in Greece
824:Antisemitism in Greece
748:Chrysostomos Dimitriou
124:Following the action,
32:
24:
743:Archbishop Damaskinos
117:units as well as the
30:
22:
615:Destruction of the
375:, pp. 370–371.
329:, pp. 116–117.
241:, pp. 102–103.
39:, sometimes called
678:Major perpetrators
57:Eleftherias Square
33:
25:
842:
841:
791:Menorah in flames
717:
696:Theodor Dannecker
494:978-1-78920-054-6
475:978-0-691-10272-6
453:978-1-108-47467-2
434:978-0-8047-7249-5
421:Bowman, Steven B.
412:978-1-108-47467-2
158:Greco-Italian war
92:Pavlos Melas camp
84:Vasilis Simonides
872:
860:July 1942 events
812:Related articles
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711:Dieter Wisliceny
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510:(3): 352–373.
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344:, p. 117.
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284:, p. 116.
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265:, p. 103.
263:Apostolou 2018
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253:, p. 102.
251:Apostolou 2018
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239:Apostolou 2018
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167:in Jerusalem.
165:Eichmann trial
126:René Burkhardt
88:Nuremberg laws
53:Jewish sabbath
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581:The Holocaust
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49:Μαύρο Σάββατο
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41:Black Sabbath
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663:Moshe Pesach
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395:Bibliography
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342:Fleming 2008
327:Fleming 2008
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282:Fleming 2008
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222:. Retrieved
218:Η Καθημερινή
216:
206:
199:Saltiel 2019
162:
155:
137:
123:
106:calisthenics
103:
73:
40:
36:
34:
766: [
385:Bowman 2009
373:Srougo 2020
315:Srougo 2020
303:Bowman 2009
142: [
111:German Army
95: [
849:Categories
758:Emil Jäger
722:Assistance
701:Max Merten
668:Zvi Koretz
183:References
139:Nea Evropi
786:Memorials
779:Aftermath
631:SS Tanais
524:220588405
464:(2008).
423:(2009).
171:See also
61:Salonica
594:Aspects
576:Part of
134:Gestapo
522:
491:
472:
450:
431:
409:
224:16 May
151:
128:, the
770:]
520:S2CID
146:]
99:]
45:Greek
733:ELAS
489:ISBN
470:ISBN
448:ISBN
429:ISBN
407:ISBN
226:2021
115:Navy
113:and
35:The
729:EAM
512:doi
59:in
851::
768:el
583:,
518:.
508:18
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349:^
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191:^
144:el
119:SS
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97:el
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43:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
