30:
37:
305:
at the north and south ends of the gulf. The earthquake was associated with a rupture on the
Edremit Fault; an east northeast–west southwest trending, high-angle normal fault at the northern edge of the gulf. The total length of the surface rupture was 38 km (24 mi), with the eastern half
326:
The earthquake lasted 20–25 seconds, destroying at affecting at least 5,500 homes. More than 2,200 homes mainly constructed out of masonry were demolished. A further 3,100 homes were heavily damaged. In the villages of
Hayrettinpasa and Vehbibey, 90 percent of all buildings collapsed. Many surface
389:
inundated
Ayvalik by 200 m (660 ft). The tsunami caused additional damage in the affected villages. A report by Gazette Tanin stated the tsunami washed away buildings along the coast. The tsunami broke wooden boat piers and deposited marine debris onto the roads of Hayrettinpasa and
306:
located offshore. Up to 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in) of slip occurred during the rupture. The greatest surface displacement was measured near a village at 1 m (3 ft 3 in). The
339:
and Ayvalık. There, 1,114 homes were demolished. Many old Greek-style houses built of stones were destroyed. Over 300 homes suffered damage and at least 92 were obliterated in Alibey.
635:"Kinematic analysis and palaeoseismology of the Edremit Fault Zone: evidence for past earthquakes in the southern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey"
245: ) and occurred at a depth of 15 km (9 mi). The normal-faulting event had a maximum MSK-64 intensity of IX. A total of 73 people died and 275 others were injured.
751:
1359:
133:
29:
1723:
1598:
1889:
1869:
343:
182:
1628:
960:
1304:
1894:
1884:
744:
1648:
1079:
1167:
1155:
1542:
1027:
1914:
433:
429:
1668:
1452:
350:) was assigned to this event. The area with the worst damage was an elongated wedge-shaped area stretching 10 km (6.2 mi) from
1352:
1899:
1252:
1094:
60:
1838:
1909:
1397:
1310:
737:
1818:
1778:
1753:
1623:
926:
1618:
847:
1088:
1070:
74:
1638:
1633:
1018:
987:
301:
in the Aegean Sea. It is 110 m (360 ft) at its deepest and trends east northeast–west southwest. It is bounded by two
954:
841:
374:. It was reportedly 10–30 cm (3.9–11.8 in) wide and extended across the village. The coastal region and river valley
1864:
1462:
1442:
1345:
804:
1608:
371:
277:. Off the north coast of the gulf is a notable east northeast–west southwest trending normal fault that dips to the south.
1417:
1402:
1368:
856:
404:
1537:
969:
862:
1813:
1783:
1879:
1263:
1210:
1202:
1147:
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823:
815:
766:
399:
1703:
1658:
1653:
1522:
1295:
1042:
1904:
1828:
1803:
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899:
49:
1859:
1823:
1773:
1713:
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1663:
1547:
1502:
1492:
1161:
908:
774:
1808:
1743:
1673:
1613:
1578:
1532:
1472:
1243:
1179:
1103:
1009:
789:
509:
297:, eyewitnesses reported surface cracks on a road leading to the gulf. The Gulf of Edremit represents a shallow
108:
98:
1833:
1763:
1758:
290:
1874:
1738:
1728:
1693:
1527:
1497:
1477:
1437:
1427:
1271:
1124:
1109:
978:
890:
868:
795:
550:
351:
1683:
1593:
1557:
1467:
1457:
1447:
1432:
1422:
1412:
1407:
1387:
1382:
1286:
1219:
1188:
1133:
1115:
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948:
832:
238:
1919:
1768:
1748:
1708:
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1678:
1603:
1517:
1512:
1487:
1482:
1277:
1237:
1228:
1173:
261:. A large strand of the North Anatolian Fault branches southwest and traces near the north coast of the
258:
254:
234:
331:
appeared, and water erupted from the ground. It was strongly felt on two ships docked at a harbour in
1793:
1733:
1718:
1583:
1507:
1392:
917:
780:
646:
605:
359:
274:
379:
335:, a city across the bay on the southern shores. Many casualties and property loss was reported in
672:
621:
79:
716:[Macroseismic evaluation of the Gulf of Edremit - Ayvacik earthquake , 6 October 1944].
633:
Sözbilir, Hasan; Sümer, Ökmen; Özkaymak, Çağlar; Uzel, Bora; Güler, Tayfun; Eski, Semih (2016).
366:
and has been attributed to the local geology consisting of unconsolidated erosion sediments. A
664:
66:
654:
613:
336:
713:
367:
363:
307:
286:
262:
594:"The earthquakes and related tsunamis of October 6,1944 and March 7, 1867; NE Aegean Sea"
253:
The region around Balıkesir
Province is tectonically influenced by the large strike-slip
650:
609:
362:. An aftershock caused the majority of damage in the village. Severe damage occurred in
294:
230:
1853:
676:
625:
311:
302:
659:
634:
315:
266:
692:
617:
375:
355:
332:
270:
668:
148:
135:
714:"6 Ekim 1944 Edremit Körfezi-Ayvacık Depreminin Makrosismik değerlendirmesi"
533:
531:
468:
466:
729:
695:[Ayvalik Earthquake of 1944 and its Socio-economic Consequences]
1337:
386:
378:
by 10 cm (3.9 in). Another surface rupture was documented at
328:
289:. It was associated with a surface rupture stretching from Doyuran to
298:
168:
712:
Altınok, Yıldız; Alpar, Bedri; Yaltırak, Cenk; Özer, Naşide (2012).
593:
592:
Altınok, Y.; Alpar, B.; Yaltırak, C.; Pınar, A.; Özer, N. (2012).
1341:
733:
36:
265:. This segment of the fault begins northeast of the gulf, at
575:
537:
496:
484:
472:
457:
445:
1325:
indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
557:. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
516:. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
1571:
1375:
1262:
1201:
1146:
1055:
1000:
939:
881:
814:
765:
215:
203:
195:
174:
164:
127:
119:
93:
85:
72:
59:
48:
693:"1944 Ayvalık Depremi ve Sosyo-Ekonomik Sonuçları"
1330:indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
1353:
745:
8:
19:
1360:
1346:
1338:
752:
738:
730:
18:
658:
109:
99:
415:
285:The earthquake had an epicenter in the
227:1944 Gulf of Edremit–Ayvacik earthquake
20:1944 Gulf of Edremit–Ayvacik earthquake
257:, and normal faults in the Aegean Sea
421:
419:
7:
807:(5.3 & 5.6, Dec 20 & Dec 24)
510:"Significant Earthquake Information"
425:
229:occurred on October 6 at 05:34:48
14:
237:, Turkey. It measured 6.7 on the
35:
28:
957:(7.2 & 7.5, June 8 & 9)
175:
1:
1895:October 1944 events in Europe
1890:History of Çanakkale Province
1885:20th-century floods in Europe
1870:History of Balıkesir Province
718:İstanbul Yerbilimleri Dergisi
660:10.1080/09853111.2016.1175294
405:List of earthquakes in Turkey
1839:2023 Gaziantep–Kahramanmaraş
1644:1944 Gulf of Edremit–Ayvacik
1915:20th-century floods in Asia
551:"Tsunami Event Information"
400:List of earthquakes in 1944
1936:
1599:1935 Erdek–Marmara Islands
1900:History of the Aegean Sea
1320:
618:10.1007/s11069-011-9949-7
269:. The segment enters the
24:
1910:1944 disasters in Turkey
760:Earthquakes in the 1940s
691:Taşdemir, Serap (2016).
1305:Queen Charlotte Islands
1034:Gulf of Edremit–Ayvacik
123:15 km (9 mi)
1724:1976 Çaldıran–Muradiye
900:Wairarapa, New Zealand
354:to the coast. A small
239:moment magnitude scale
211: 4.9 & 5.2
1865:Earthquakes in Turkey
1629:1943 Adapazarı–Hendek
1369:Earthquakes in Turkey
255:North Anatolian Fault
927:Niksar–Erbaa, Turkey
485:Sözbilir et al. 2016
219:73 dead, 275 injured
16:Earthquake in Turkey
1463:1668 North Anatolia
1443:1509 Constantinople
1012:(6.7–.7.8, Jan 15)
651:2016GeoAc..28..273S
610:2012NatHa..60....3A
576:Altınok et al. 2012
555:earthquake.usgs.gov
538:Altınok et al. 2012
497:Altınok et al. 2012
473:Altınok et al. 2012
458:Altınok et al. 2012
446:Altınok et al. 2012
145: /
55:1944-10-06 02:34:47
21:
1880:Tsunamis in Turkey
1543:1899 Aydın–Denizli
1418:557 Constantinople
1403:447 Constantinople
1253:Desert Hot Springs
1106:(8.0, 7.8, Sep 12)
1095:Dominican Republic
951:(7.9–8.3, April 6)
844:(7.7–8.1, June 26)
235:Balıkesir Province
1905:History of Lesbos
1847:
1846:
1754:1998 Adana–Ceyhan
1669:1953 Yenice–Gönen
1624:1942 Niksar–Erbaa
1453:1598 Amasya–Çorum
1335:
1334:
1067:(6.1, January 25)
346:intensity of IX (
310:solution suggest
275:Babakale, Ayvacık
273:near the town of
223:
222:
1927:
1860:1944 earthquakes
1779:2004 Doğubayazıt
1649:1946 Varto–Hınıs
1639:1944 Bolu–Gerede
1634:1943 Tosya–Ladik
1362:
1355:
1348:
1339:
1311:Tierra del Fuego
1089:Vancouver Island
1071:Aleutian Islands
1028:Cornwall–Massena
981:(7.0, Sept 10)
961:Adapazarı–Hendek
754:
747:
740:
731:
725:
708:
698:
680:
662:
639:Geodinamica Acta
629:
579:
578:, p. 16–19.
573:
567:
566:
564:
562:
547:
541:
540:, p. 13–14.
535:
526:
525:
523:
521:
506:
500:
494:
488:
482:
476:
475:, p. 15–16.
470:
461:
455:
449:
443:
437:
423:
380:Adatepe, Ayvacık
370:was observed at
259:extensional zone
249:Tectonic setting
191:
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39:
38:
32:
22:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1829:2020 Aegean Sea
1804:2017 Aegean Sea
1799:2014 Aegean Sea
1567:
1398:262 SW Anatolia
1371:
1366:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1316:
1280:(7.4, July 10)
1274:(6.7, April 13)
1258:
1231:(6.8, June 28)
1197:
1142:
1073:(8.6, April 1)
1051:
996:
972:(7.0, July 23)
963:(6.6, June 20)
935:
902:(7.2, June 24)
877:
850:(5.9, Sept 10)
842:Andaman Islands
810:
761:
758:
728:
711:
696:
690:
687:
685:Further reading
632:
598:Natural Hazards
591:
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368:surface rupture
324:
312:normal faulting
308:focal mechanism
287:Gulf of Edremit
283:
263:Gulf of Edremit
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5:
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1923:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1875:1940s tsunamis
1872:
1867:
1862:
1852:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1836:
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1826:
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1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1664:1952 Hasankale
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1619:1941 Van–Erciş
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1548:1903 Manzikert
1545:
1540:
1538:1898 Balıkesir
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
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1505:
1500:
1495:
1493:1856 Heraklion
1490:
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1357:
1350:
1342:
1333:
1332:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1298:(6.7, Aug 17)
1293:
1284:
1275:
1268:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1241:
1235:
1226:
1222:(7.2, May 25)
1217:
1213:(8.2, Jan 25)
1207:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1186:
1182:(6.9, Sep 23)
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1152:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1136:(8.1, Dec 21)
1131:
1122:
1118:(6.8, Nov 10)
1113:
1107:
1101:
1092:
1091:(7.3, June 23)
1086:
1082:(5.9, May 31)
1077:
1068:
1061:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1025:
1016:
1006:
1004:
998:
997:
995:
994:
990:(7.5, Nov 26)
985:
976:
967:
958:
955:Alahan Panjang
952:
945:
943:
937:
936:
934:
933:
929:(7.0, Dec 20)
924:
920:(8.2, Aug 24)
915:
906:
897:
893:(7.9, May 14)
887:
885:
879:
878:
876:
875:
871:(7.1, Dec 17)
866:
860:
854:
845:
839:
835:(7.7, Apr 15)
830:
826:(5.8, Jan 11)
820:
818:
812:
811:
809:
808:
802:
798:(7.7, Nov 10)
793:
787:
778:
771:
769:
763:
762:
759:
757:
756:
749:
742:
734:
727:
726:
720:(in Turkish).
709:
703:(in Turkish).
686:
683:
682:
681:
645:(4): 273–294.
630:
588:
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165:Areas affected
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1810:
1809:2019 Istanbul
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
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1787:
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1772:
1770:
1767:
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1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1744:1992 Erzincan
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1704:1969 Alaşehir
1702:
1700:
1697:
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1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1659:1951 Kurşunlu
1657:
1655:
1654:1949 Karlıova
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1614:1939 Erzincan
1612:
1610:
1609:1938 Kırşehir
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1579:1924 Pasinler
1577:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
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1536:
1534:
1533:1894 Istanbul
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1473:1766 Istanbul
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
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1444:
1441:
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1401:
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1370:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1313:(7.8, Dec 17)
1312:
1309:
1307:(8.1, Aug 22)
1306:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:(6.8, Aug 5)
1288:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:(7.3, Oct 5)
1245:
1242:
1240:(7.0, Aug 25)
1239:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1191:(7.7, Nov 1)
1190:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1176:(7.3, Jul 29)
1175:
1172:
1170:(7.1, May 17)
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1158:(7.1, Mar 26)
1157:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:(6.1, Dec 5)
1126:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:(8.1, Aug 4)
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1045:(8.1, Dec 5)
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:(6.7, Oct 6)
1035:
1032:
1030:(5.8, Sept 5)
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:(7.5, Feb 1)
1020:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1003:
999:
993:
989:
986:
984:
980:
977:
975:
971:
968:
966:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
946:
944:
942:
938:
932:
928:
925:
923:
919:
916:
914:
911:(7.7, Aug 6)
910:
907:
905:
901:
898:
896:
892:
889:
888:
886:
884:
880:
874:
870:
867:
865:(8.0, Nov 25)
864:
861:
859:(8.0, Nov 18)
858:
855:
853:
849:
846:
843:
840:
838:
834:
831:
829:
825:
822:
821:
819:
817:
813:
806:
805:New Hampshire
803:
801:
797:
794:
791:
788:
786:
783:(8.2, May 24)
782:
779:
777:(6.9, May 18)
776:
773:
772:
770:
768:
764:
755:
750:
748:
743:
741:
736:
735:
732:
723:
719:
715:
710:
706:
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694:
689:
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631:
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623:
619:
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586:
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572:
569:
556:
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546:
543:
539:
534:
532:
528:
515:
514:ngdc.noaa.gov
511:
505:
502:
499:, p. 19.
498:
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490:
486:
481:
478:
474:
469:
467:
463:
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451:
448:, p. 10.
447:
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369:
365:
361:
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353:
349:
345:
340:
338:
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330:
321:
319:
317:
314:with a small
313:
309:
304:
303:normal faults
300:
296:
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206:
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173:
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167:
163:
158:
149:39.5°N 26.6°E
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
105:
96:
92:
89:20–25 seconds
88:
84:
81:
78:
76:
71:
68:
65:
62:
58:
54:
51:
47:
31:
23:
1920:1940s floods
1789:2011 Kütahya
1739:1986 Malatya
1729:1983 Erzurum
1694:1967 Mudurnu
1674:1957 Fethiye
1643:
1589:1929 Suşehri
1572:Contemporary
1563:1919 Ayvalık
1553:1912 Mürefte
1528:1893 Malatya
1508:1872 Antioch
1498:1859 Erzurum
1478:1766 Marmara
1438:1269 Cilicia
1428:847 Damascus
1327:
1322:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1255:(6.3, Dec 4)
1247:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1192:
1183:
1164:(n/a, May 6)
1137:
1128:
1119:
1112:(7.6, Nov 2)
1098:
1083:
1074:
1046:
1037:
1033:
1022:
1013:
991:
982:
973:
970:Central Java
964:
930:
921:
912:
903:
894:
872:
863:Gloria Fault
851:
836:
827:
799:
792:(7.5, Aug 1)
784:
721:
717:
704:
700:
642:
638:
601:
597:
584:
583:
571:
559:. Retrieved
554:
545:
518:. Retrieved
513:
504:
492:
480:
460:, p. 4.
453:
441:
384:
358:formed near
347:
341:
325:
284:
252:
226:
224:
185:
1824:2020 Bingöl
1814:2020 Elazığ
1784:2010 Elazığ
1774:2003 Bingöl
1714:1971 Bingöl
1699:1968 Bartın
1684:1964 Manyas
1594:1930 Salmas
1558:1914 Burdur
1503:1866 Bingöl
1468:1688 Smyrna
1458:1653 Smyrna
1448:1513 Marash
1433:1114 Marash
1423:840 Erzurum
1413:528 Antioch
1408:526 Antioch
1388:115 Antioch
1383:AD 17 Lydia
1211:Lady Caycay
1080:Varto–Hınıs
1019:Bolu–Gerede
988:Tosya–Ladik
724:(1): 41–53.
707:(24): 4–28.
604:(1): 3–25.
348:Destructive
318:component.
316:strike-slip
267:Lake Manyas
204:Aftershocks
186:Destructive
184:MSK-64 IX (
152: /
63: event
1854:Categories
1834:2022 Düzce
1769:2002 Afyon
1764:1999 Düzce
1759:1999 İzmit
1749:1995 Dinar
1709:1970 Gediz
1689:1966 Varto
1679:1957 Abant
1604:1935 Digor
1523:1883 Çeşme
1518:1881 Chios
1513:1875 Dinar
1488:1855 Bursa
1483:1840 Ahora
1376:Historical
1110:Kyrgyzstan
857:Hyūga-nada
411:References
390:Vehbibey.
356:promontory
342:A maximum
281:Earthquake
271:Aegean Sea
231:local time
216:Casualties
154:39.5; 26.6
52: time
1734:1983 Biga
1719:1975 Lice
1584:1926 Kars
1393:141 Lycia
1162:Wisconsin
909:Guatemala
848:Van–Erciş
775:El Centro
677:130455249
669:1778-3593
626:128893506
372:Küçukkuyu
178:intensity
128:Epicenter
94:Magnitude
1819:2020 Van
1794:2011 Van
1296:Karlıova
1244:Ashgabat
1180:Dustabad
1168:Gisborne
1156:Gisborne
1043:Tōnankai
1010:San Juan
790:Shakotan
394:See also
376:subsided
360:Babakale
329:fissures
86:Duration
1272:Olympia
1125:Hsinhua
1104:Sagaing
979:Tottori
891:Ecuador
869:Chungpu
796:Vrancea
647:Bibcode
606:Bibcode
585:Sources
561:8 March
520:8 March
387:tsunami
364:Kozluca
333:Ayvalık
196:Tsunami
140:26°36′E
137:39°30′N
1287:Ambato
1220:Litang
1189:Satipo
1134:Nankai
1065:Valais
949:Ovalle
833:Colima
824:Sa'dah
675:
667:
624:
436:].
430:899872
428:Event
426:ISC-OB
344:MSK-64
337:Alibey
322:Impact
299:graben
295:Doyran
291:Arıklı
169:Turkey
80:ComCat
67:899568
1278:Khait
1238:Salta
1229:Fukui
1174:Assam
697:(PDF)
673:S2CID
622:S2CID
432:[
352:Tamış
293:. At
120:Depth
73:USGS-
1264:1949
1203:1948
1148:1947
1116:Peru
1057:1946
1002:1944
941:1943
918:Peru
883:1942
816:1941
781:Lima
767:1940
701:CTAD
665:ISSN
563:2022
522:2022
434:IRIS
225:The
176:Max.
107:6.7
97:6.8
75:ANSS
655:doi
614:doi
233:in
199:Yes
61:ISC
50:UTC
1856::
1282:‡†
1248:‡†
1184:‡†
1099:‡†
1014:†‡
992:‡†
931:†‡
828:†‡
800:†‡
722:25
705:12
699:.
671:.
663:.
653:.
643:28
641:.
637:.
620:.
612:.
602:60
600:.
596:.
553:.
530:^
512:.
465:^
418:^
385:A
382:.
241:(M
1361:e
1354:t
1347:v
1328:‡
1323:†
1300:†
1291:†
1233:†
1224:†
1215:†
1193:†
1138:†
1129:†
1120:†
1084:†
1075:†
1047:†
1038:†
1023:†
983:†
974:†
965:†
922:†
913:†
904:†
895:†
873:†
852:†
837:†
785:†
753:e
746:t
739:v
679:.
657::
649::
628:.
616::
608::
565:.
524:.
487:.
243:w
209:s
207:M
188:)
112:w
110:M
102:s
100:M
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