113:
204:. Shinsei Higa, who was sixteen at the time, remembers that "I didn't see the actual killing because I was hiding in the mountains above, but I heard five or six gunshots and then a lot of footsteps and commotion. By late afternoon, we came down from the mountains and then everyone knew what had happened."
232:
Kijun
Kishimoto, a villager who was almost 30 years old and absent from Katsuyama at the time of the incident, eventually revealed the killings. In an interview, Kishimoto said, "People were very afraid that if the Americans found out what happened there would be retaliation, so they decided to keep
321:
as one of many examples of misconduct by
American personnel against Okinawans since the islands were first occupied after the Battle of Okinawa in 1945. Steve Rabson, Professor of East Asian Studies at Brown University, estimated that as many as 10,000 such instances of rape occurred after the war.
148:
on July 10, 1945, to August 13, 1946. Residents of
Katsuyama had reportedly killed the three Marines for their repeated rape of village women during occupation of Okinawa and hid their bodies in a nearby cave out of fear for retaliation. The Katsuyama incident was kept secret until August 16, 1997,
207:
The
Marines were killed and, to cover up their deaths, their bodies were dumped in a local cave which had a 50-foot (15-m) drop-off close to its entrance. In the summer of 1947, when the three Marines did not return to their posts, they were listed as possible
323:
250:
In June 1997, Kishimoto and
Inafuku searched for the cave near Katsuyama, but could not find it until August when a storm blew down a tree which had been blocking the entrance. Kishimoto and Inafuku informed the
862:
258:
The
Katsuyama incident was reported to the United States military by Inafuku, who informed then-Kadena Air Base 18th Wing Historian Master-Sergeant James Allender, who in turn reported it to the
842:
298:
No plans were made to criminally investigate the
Katsuyama incident by either the United States military or the Okinawa police. Since the killings, locals have allegedly called the cave
221:
837:
217:
827:
832:
326:, the United States Forces Japan has maintained a large military presence in Okinawa: 27,000 personnel, including 15,000 Marines, contingents from the Army,
807:
867:
610:
817:
247:
in
Okinawa, whose deceased son Clive was also a victim of sexual assault, and who was involved in the search for deceased servicemen from the war.
193:
them. The
Marines became so confident that the villagers of Katsuyama were powerless to stop them, they came to the village without their weapons.
368:
588:
358:
663:
543:
535:
380:
343:
763:
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in
Okinawa but they kept the discovery a secret for a few months to protect the people who discovered the location of the bodies.
259:
852:
252:
729:
547:
857:
506:
182:
216:. Knowledge of the killings became a village secret for the next 50 years, remaining secret for the duration of the
812:
353:
318:
263:
133:
655:
233:
it a secret to protect those involved." Finally, a guilty conscience led Kishimoto to contact Setsuko Inafuku
822:
802:
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224:, until 1972, when the U.S. government returned the islands to Japanese administration.
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121:
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158:
212:. After a year with still no evidence of what happened to them, they were declared
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196:
The villagers took advantage of this and ambushed them with the help of two armed
189:, and every time they violently took the village women into the nearby hills and
174:
62:
314:(黒ん坊) is a derogatory and highly offensive word for Black people in Japanese.
279:
778:
765:
745:
741:
700:
676:"Race and Reflexivity: The Black Other in Contemporary Japanese Mass Culture"
185:
began to repeatedly visit the village of Katsuyama, northwest of the city of
489:
Gama means cave. Kuronbo （黒んぼ） is an ethnic slur referring to black people."
209:
283:
708:
675:
730:"U.S. Courts-Martial in Occupation Japan: Rape, Race, and Censorship"
201:
720:
611:"Okinawa legend leaves unsettling questions about Marines' deaths"
190:
72:
439:
186:
137:
117:
30:
505:(in Japanese). Naha City, Okinawa: Okinawa Prefectural Office.
149:
when the bodies and identities of the Marines were discovered.
124:
into which the village of Katsuyama has since been merged.
16:
Killing of three American soldiers by Okinawans in 1945
317:
The Katsuyama incident has been seen by opponents of
863:
War crimes by the United States during World War II
102:
94:
86:
78:
68:
56:
41:
26:
21:
674:
564:
843:United States Armed Forces in Okinawa Prefecture
589:"3 Dead Marines and a Secret of Wartime Okinawa"
260:Joint Services Central Identification Laboratory
838:United States Marine Corps in the 20th century
236:
165:led to the occupation of the highly-strategic
8:
274:as Private First Class James D. Robinson of
828:Sexual violence in Asia during World War II
424:
422:
359:2002 Okinawa Michael Brown assault incident
270:, the three Marines were identified using
132:was the killing of three African-American
18:
563:Cullen, Lisa Takeuchi (August 13, 2001).
410:
408:
406:
404:
402:
400:
398:
396:
833:United States military scandals in Japan
482:
450:
266:. Once the bodies were recovered by the
111:
392:
278:, Private First Class John M. Smith of
200:soldiers who were hiding in the nearby
428:
7:
544:American Battle Monuments Commission
536:American Battle Monuments Commission
440:American Battle Monuments Commission
414:
652:: Japan in the wake of World War II
381:Sexual assault in the U.S. military
344:Rape during the occupation of Japan
334:, and their 22,000 family members.
286:, all aged 19 or 20 years-old. The
222:United States Civil Administration
14:
868:Vigilantism against sex offenders
550:from the original on July 9, 2021
512:from the original on July 9, 2021
319:U.S. military presence in Okinawa
218:United States Military Government
728:Svoboda, Terese (May 23, 2009).
818:United States military in Japan
130:1945 Katsuyama killing incident
98:Japanese soldiers and civilians
22:1945 Katsuyama killing incident
609:Talmadge, Eric (May 7, 2000).
282:, and Private Isaac Stokes of
173:shortly before the end of the
1:
808:Japan–United States relations
693:10.1525/can.1991.6.1.02a00010
587:Sims, Calvin (June 1, 2000).
245:Kadena United States Air Base
116:The location of the city of
183:United States Marines Corps
884:
656:W. W. Norton & Company
354:1995 Okinawa rape incident
324:U.S.-Japan Security Treaty
349:1955 Yumiko-chan incident
290:could not be determined.
237:
734:The Asia-Pacific Journal
90:African-American Marines
647:Dower, John W. (2000).
542:. Arlington, Virginia:
332:United States Air Force
45:July 10, 1945
673:Russell, John (1991).
369:2008 Yokosuka homicide
364:2006 Yokosuka homicide
198:Imperial Japanese Army
125:
106:To stop rape incidents
853:1945 murders in Japan
681:Cultural Anthropology
161:victory at the major
134:United States Marines
115:
779:26.5917°N 127.9775°E
616:Athens Banner-Herald
469:. January 31, 2023.
467:dictionary.goo.ne.jp
177:. Reportedly, three
858:War crimes in Japan
775: /
748:on January 29, 2012
540:"James W. Grimmett"
310:refers to a cave.
243:, a tour guide for
594:The New York Times
485:: "Locals call it
328:United States Navy
268:United States Army
167:Okinawa Prefecture
136:in Katsuyama near
126:
35:Okinawa Prefecture
813:Politics of Japan
784:26.5917; 127.9775
665:978-0-393-32027-5
654:(2000 ed.).
627:on April 12, 2015
304:Okinawan language
302:Gama (黒ん坊がま). In
214:missing in action
163:Battle of Okinawa
146:Battle of Okinawa
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109:
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744:. Archived from
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678:
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650:Embracing Defeat
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634:
632:
623:. Archived from
621:Associated Press
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603:
601:
583:
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568:
566:"Okinawa Nights"
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641:Further reading
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181:Marines of the
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881:
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823:Occupied Japan
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803:Caves of Japan
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471:沖縄地方や鹿児島などの方言。
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288:cause of death
272:dental records
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157:In June 1945,
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122:Okinawa Island
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848:Rape in Japan
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487:Kuronbō Gama.
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483:Talmadge 2000
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451:Talmadge 2000
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750:. Retrieved
746:the original
733:
719:– via
684:
680:
648:
629:. Retrieved
625:the original
614:
598:. Retrieved
592:
576:. Retrieved
570:
552:. Retrieved
514:. Retrieved
494:
486:
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470:
466:
457:
446:
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374:
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316:
311:
307:
297:
264:Pearl Harbor
257:
249:
231:
206:
195:
156:
129:
127:
95:Perpetrators
782: /
770:127°58′39″E
752:October 25,
736:. 21-1-09.
687:(1): 3–25.
500:"沖縄県の基地の現状"
429:Cullen 2001
175:Pacific War
63:Vigilantism
58:Attack type
797:Categories
767:26°35′30″N
529:References
322:Under the
280:Cincinnati
144:after the
49:1945-07-10
742:1557-4660
717:146155382
701:0886-7356
415:Sims 2000
294:Aftermath
228:Discovery
210:deserters
120:(red) on
600:July 12,
548:Archived
507:Archived
375:General:
338:See also
276:Savannah
220:and the
153:Incident
27:Location
631:July 9,
578:July 9,
554:July 9,
516:July 9,
463:"がまの解説"
312:Kuronbō
300:Kuronbō
284:Chicago
142:Okinawa
47: (
37:, Japan
740:
715:
709:656493
707:
699:
662:
202:jungle
159:Allied
103:Motive
87:Victim
79:Deaths
73:Knives
69:Weapon
721:JSTOR
713:S2CID
705:JSTOR
510:(PDF)
503:(PDF)
387:Notes
191:raped
171:Japan
754:2010
738:ISSN
697:ISSN
660:ISBN
633:2021
602:2010
580:2021
572:TIME
556:2021
518:2021
308:Gama
238:稲福節子
187:Nago
138:Nago
128:The
118:Nago
42:Date
31:Nago
689:doi
262:at
169:of
799::
732:.
711:.
703:.
695:.
683:.
679:.
658:.
619:.
613:.
591:.
569:.
546:.
538:.
465:.
421:^
395:^
330:,
306:,
140:,
33:,
756:.
723:.
691::
685:6
668:.
635:.
604:.
582:.
558:.
520:.
241:)
235:(
82:3
51:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
