142:
108:
27:
125:
1009:
556:
seats and percentage of the Sejm controlled. However, as the other parties and "independents" were completely subservient to the PZPR, communist control of the Sejm was complete. In later years, the communist-dominated lists would be credited with between 98 and 99% of the vote, a practice continued until
327:, who had been largely responsible for the PPR's heavy-handed suppression of opposition, believed he was now free to pursue a more independent course. He wanted to adapt the Soviet blueprint to Polish circumstances and considered himself to be both a communist and a Polish patriot. He was also wary of the
555:
The official results showed that 99.8% of the voters approved the FJN list. Candidates from the FJN parties took 91.2% of the Sejm seats, with 8.7% falling to nominal independents. Within the FJN, the PZPR won an absolute majority with 273 seats (64.2% total), its best result both in total number of
364:, was determined to tighten its control over society as much as possible. All opposition parties had been either eliminated or driven underground by this time. The regime's opponents were persecuted. Voters were presented with a single list from the
351:
The election set the tone for all subsequent elections held during
Communist rule in Poland. As would be the case with all future elections, only PZPR-allowed candidates participated, and the results were falsified as needed. Along with the
283:
candidate contested each seat in the Sejm, which had been reduced from 444 to 425. The Front candidates received 99.8% of the vote and won every seat, a result that was to be repeated in parliamentary elections until
296:
The communists had spent the five years since winning the rigged 1947 elections tightening their grip on the country. A little more than a year after the election, what remained of the
1537:
1573:
1465:
1480:
273:
308:(PZPR). However, the merger was concluded almost entirely on PPR terms and by this time the PPS was largely subservient to the PPR. Despite this, former socialist
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1563:
1518:
997:
316:(PSL), which had led the opposition in 1947, had been emasculated when it was forced to merge with the splinter pro-communist People's Party to form the
975:
313:
841:
1578:
335:
of agriculture. However, he was pushed out as party leader in 1948, accused of "rightist-nationalist deviation." He was succeeded by
President
1513:
1475:
932:
882:
1568:
1460:
1225:
1219:
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1204:
1199:
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568:
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353:
285:
51:
41:
760:
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805:
774:
599:
379:" of the PZPR—a condition of their continued existence—the minor parties in the Front received a fixed number of seats in the Sejm.
433:
317:
182:
141:
415:
305:
247:
229:
177:
372:(SD) and the ZSL. The number of candidates permitted to run in the elections was equal to the number of seats in parliament.
990:
369:
356:, the 1952 election is considered among the least free of elections held in communist Poland. This was typical of the era of
731:
657:
375:
There were 425 seats. The number of seats would be increased in the subsequent elections. In return for accepting the "
1404:
1399:
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983:
445:
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237:
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820:
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365:
280:
1490:
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297:
838:
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1017:
167:
107:
309:
243:
225:
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908:
162:
332:
874:
336:
157:
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922:
878:
801:
770:
639:
595:
300:(PPS), nominally a partner in the communist-dominated "coalition," merged with the communist
288:. The communist regime claimed that around 15.5 million people voted, 95% of the electorate.
631:
684:
845:
714:
699:
867:
816:
564:
124:
1552:
972:, British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 8, No. 4 (Oct., 1978), pp. 403–424,
587:
361:
279:
No opposition parties were allowed to contest the elections. As a result, only one
571:
took place in early 1957 in a more liberal atmosphere, although still not free.
376:
643:
766:
735:
661:
357:
340:
328:
904:
924:
The spring will be ours: Poland and the Poles from occupation to freedom
563:
The term of the Sejm elected in 1951 was due to end in 1956, but due to
619:
963:
1008:
360:. The Bierut government, like its kindred regimes in the rest of the
261:
635:
970:
Sejm
Elections in Communist Poland: An Overview and a Reappraisal
272:. The official rules for the elections were outlined in the new
265:
65:
979:
962:
Soviet
Studies, Vol. 42, No. 2 (Apr., 1990), pp. 295–315,
368:(FJN), comprising the PZPR and its two satellite parties, the
264:
on 26 October 1952. They were the first elections to the
312:
remained as prime minister. By 1949, the remains of the
1499:
1451:
1413:
1235:
1080:
1025:
71:
62:
866:
213:
1538:Elections in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
991:
860:
858:
856:
854:
8:
794:Solidarity and the Politics of Anti-Politics
680:
678:
274:Constitution of the Polish People's Republic
18:
998:
984:
976:
386:
17:
1574:Elections in the Polish People's Republic
911:Federal Research Division, December 1989.
762:Historical Dictionary of Poland 1945-1996
754:
752:
830:
828:
580:
547:
534:
521:
508:
495:
491:
477:
921:Andrzej Paczkowski; Jane Cave (2003).
873:. Columbia University Press. p.
869:God's Playground: 1795 to the present
535:
522:
509:
496:
391:
260:Parliamentary elections were held in
7:
958:Jerzy Drygalski, Jacek Kwasniewski,
624:Midwest Journal of Political Science
613:
611:
609:
607:
592:Elections in Europe: A data handbook
82:
660:. Poloniatoday.com. Archived from
19:1952 Polish parliamentary election
14:
1564:Parliamentary elections in Poland
927:. Penn State Press. p. 229.
1007:
796:, pp. 34-36, 1990 Philadelphia,
140:
123:
106:
25:
839:Wybory styczniowe do Sejmu 1957
620:"Elections in Communist Poland"
1:
1579:October 1952 events in Europe
968:George Sakwa, Martin Crouch,
848:Last accessed on 5 April 2007
732:"Wprost 24 - Demokracja urn"
416:Polish United Workers' Party
306:Polish United Workers' Party
734:. Wprost.pl. Archived from
590:& Philip Stöver (2010)
549:Source: Nohlen & Stöver
1600:
1569:Single-candidate elections
865:Norman Davies (May 2005).
658:"Polish History - Part 13"
618:Staar, Richard F. (1958).
565:political shifts in Poland
1532:
548:
536:Registered voters/turnout
492:
478:
464:
422:
419:
407:
405:
400:
397:
394:
211:
79:
35:
23:
1584:1952 elections in Poland
1559:1952 elections in Europe
270:Polish People's Republic
268:, the parliament of the
1501:Silesian Sejm elections
1082:Parliamentary elections
905:Poland: a country study
821:Encyclopedia Britannica
798:Temple University Press
719:Encyclopedia Britannica
704:Encyclopedia Britannica
689:Encyclopedia Britannica
409:Front of National Unity
366:Front of National Unity
281:Front of National Unity
1027:Presidential elections
837:Bartłomiej Kozłowski,
759:Wrobel, Piotr (2014).
298:Polish Socialist Party
730:Dariusz Baliszewski.
434:United People's Party
331:, and opposed forced
318:United People's Party
314:Polish People's Party
302:Polish Workers' Party
64:All 425 seats in the
960:No-Choice Elections,
909:Library of Congress
664:on January 17, 2008
388:
20:
1415:European elections
844:2009-01-03 at the
715:Józef Cyrankiewicz
569:the next elections
387:
310:Józef Cyrankiewicz
304:(PPR) to form the
276:and lesser acts.
244:Józef Cyrankiewicz
226:Józef Cyrankiewicz
168:Wacław Barcikowski
1546:
1545:
934:978-0-271-02308-3
884:978-0-231-12819-3
700:Władysław Gomułka
553:
552:
392:Party or alliance
325:Władysław Gomułka
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446:Democratic Party
389:
370:Democratic Party
333:collectivization
214:
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1237:Local elections
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953:Further reading
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47:26 October 1952
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806:0-87722-655-5
803:
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776:9781135927011
772:
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749:
738:on 2009-02-08
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600:9783832956097
597:
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589:
588:Dieter Nohlen
584:
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559:
544:
541:
538:
531:
528:
525:
518:
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512:
510:Invalid votes
505:
502:
499:
487:
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473:
470:
467:
465:Blank ballots
463:
459:
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390:
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363:
359:
358:Stalinization
355:
354:1947 election
346:
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339:, a hardline
338:
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90:Second party
89:
86:
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74:
70:
67:
61:
54: →
53:
50:
48:
45:
43:
40:←
39:
38:
34:
22:
16:
1224:
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959:
938:. Retrieved
923:
916:
900:
888:. Retrieved
868:
812:
793:
785:
761:
740:. Retrieved
736:the original
725:
710:
695:
666:. Retrieved
662:the original
652:
627:
623:
591:
583:
562:
554:
457:Independents
377:leading role
374:
350:
322:
295:
278:
259:
242:
235:
224:
217:
163:Józef Niećko
93:Third party
87:First party
46:
15:
1453:Referendums
1018:referendums
835:(in Polish)
523:Total votes
497:Valid votes
362:Soviet bloc
323:PPR leader
1553:Categories
1536:See also:
1519:1930 (Nov)
1514:1930 (May)
742:2009-08-22
668:2009-08-22
575:References
539:16,305,891
526:15,495,815
500:15,491,170
482:15,491,170
420:15,459,849
292:Background
1020:in Poland
1014:Elections
790:David Ost
767:Routledge
644:0026-3397
341:Stalinist
329:Cominform
842:Archived
594:, p1491
236:Elected
1310:1938–39
1300:1933–34
1245:1916–17
383:Results
347:Conduct
320:(ZSL).
238:Premier
219:Premier
154:Leader
98:
84:
72:Turnout
940:3 June
931:
890:3 June
881:
804:
773:
685:Poland
642:
598:
529:100.00
485:100.00
468:31,321
262:Poland
174:Party
75:95.03%
964:JSTOR
542:95.03
513:4,645
503:99.97
479:Total
423:99.80
401:Seats
395:Votes
1524:1935
1509:1922
1491:2023
1486:2015
1481:2003
1476:1997
1471:1996
1466:1987
1461:1946
1443:2024
1438:2019
1433:2014
1428:2009
1423:2004
1405:2024
1400:2018
1395:2014
1390:2010
1385:2006
1380:2002
1375:1998
1370:1994
1365:1990
1360:1988
1355:1984
1350:1980
1345:1976
1340:1973
1335:1969
1330:1965
1325:1961
1320:1958
1315:1954
1305:1936
1295:1929
1290:1927
1285:1926
1280:1925
1275:1924
1270:1923
1265:1922
1260:1921
1255:1920
1250:1919
1226:Next
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1215:2019
1210:2015
1205:2011
1200:2007
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1190:2001
1185:1997
1180:1993
1175:1991
1170:1989
1165:1985
1160:1980
1155:1976
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1125:1952
1120:1947
1115:1938
1110:1935
1105:1930
1100:1928
1095:1922
1090:1919
1071:2025
1065:2020
1060:2015
1055:2010
1050:2005
1045:2000
1040:1995
1035:1990
1016:and
942:2011
929:ISBN
892:2011
879:ISBN
802:ISBN
771:ISBN
640:ISSN
596:ISBN
558:1989
516:0.03
471:0.20
286:1989
266:Sejm
248:PZPR
230:PZPR
197:273
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52:1957
42:1947
875:459
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