323:, the amphitheatre at Union Buildings in Pretoria to celebrate and commemorate the event of 1956. It is called the Monument to the Women of South Africa, a project developed by the Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology (DACST). A Monument Steering Committee was formed in 1999 with a judging panel established consisting of a veteran of the march, a member of the presidents office, three artists, a designer and a curator. A seven-day workshop at the
2878:
334:
The final design for the monument starts on the steps of the amphitheatre with the keywords of the petition inscribed in metal on the risers. Climbing the stairs, you trigger a sound message in eleven official languages, "you strike the woman, you strike the rock". When you reach the vestibule, there
212:
The march took place on 9 August 1956 with an estimated 20,000 women of all races descending on
Pretoria. The day of the protest was called for on a Thursday, the traditional day when black domestic workers had their day off, with the aim of ensuring a larger gathering of women. As the women arrived
339:, a small grinding stone atop a larger grinding stone. The stones sit atop a polished circular bronze stone surrounded by a darker bronze octagon plate. The stones symbolise the women's labour and nurturance while the bronze plates the earth and stone they sit upon.
285:
We, the women of South Africa, have come here today. We
African women know too well the effect this law upon our homes, our children. We, who are not African women know how our sisters suffer. For to us, an insult to African women is an insult to all women.
199:
which addressed needs such as child care provisions, housing, education, equal pay, and equal rights with men in regard to property, marriage and guardianship of children. By 1956 their focus had shifted towards a protest concerning the introduction of
217:, the centre of the South African Government, in small groups of twos and threes – large groups were banned by the authorities – and met at the building's gardens and amphitheatre. Leading the march were
294:
We, voters and voteless, call upon your government not to issue passes to
African women. We shall not resist until we have won for our children their fundamental rights of freedom, justice and security.
2687:
835:
1465:
2254:
240:. The Prime Minister was not available, being elsewhere so as not to accept the petition from a multicultural group of women, so in his place it was accepted by his Secretary.
327:
was held to enable the event to be fair and transparent and allow disadvantaged artists to participate in the competition. Sixty entries were received with the winners being
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290:* That women and young girls will be exposed to humiliation and degradation at the hands of pass-searching policemen.
236:
A representatives of each race group in South Africa carried 14,000 petitions for presentation to the Prime
Minister
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1965:
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1951:
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1972:
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987:
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971:
947:
594:
Legoabe, Lerato (2006). "The Women's March 50 Years Later... Challenges for Young Women".
409:
373:
277:
The petition had been created by the
Federation of South African Women and printed by the
214:
192:
52:
2805:
2527:
2401:
2044:
1958:
1641:
1583:
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1569:
1287:
1213:
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17:
167:
for black women in 1952 and the presentation of a petition to the then Prime
Minister
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1548:
1527:
1497:
1490:
1199:
389:
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813:
187:
with the aim of strengthening female voice in the movement. They contributed to the
2387:
1996:
1817:
1768:
931:
845:
404:
384:
379:
368:
358:
353:
226:
222:
131:
123:
119:
718:
1980:
923:
693:"60 Iconic Women — The people behind the 1956 Women's March to Pretoria (21–30)"
635:"60 Iconic Women — The people behind the 1956 Women's March to Pretoria (11–20)"
363:
2555:
2093:
1206:
1151:
1011:
995:
449:
2014:
2005:
1936:
1342:
1319:
1308:
292:* That women will lose their right to move freely from one place to another.
247:" and then sang a woman's freedom song called "Wathint' abafazi, Strijdom!"
201:
164:
161:
71:
183:, an anti-apartheid organisation for women of various groups including the
2784:
2282:
1927:
1051:
908:
153:
56:
667:"60 Iconic Women — The people behind the 1956 Women's March to Pretoria"
1192:
615:
525:
504:
Becker, Rayda (2000). "The New
Monument to the Women of South Africa".
457:
288:* That homes will be broken up when women are arrested under pass laws.
1919:
1075:
854:
772:"Lillian Ngoyi, 68, Dies in Soweto; Leader of South Africa's Blacks"
607:
517:
1067:
817:
436:
Unterhalter, Elaine (1983). "Women in
Struggle: South Africa".
243:
They then stood for thirty minutes in silence before singing "
160:. The marchers' aims were to protest the introduction of the
570:"Women's Anti-Pass March on the Union Buildings, Pretoria"
747:"Women's March leader visits graves of fellow activists"
2840:
2746:
2579:
2034:
2025:
1883:
1679:
1318:
1263:
1182:
1120:
1093:
1086:
852:
110:
77:
67:
47:
39:
34:
1633:Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
283:
249:
195:was drawn up, by submitting a document called
829:
431:
429:
213:by train and other means, they walked to the
8:
2031:
1090:
836:
822:
814:
596:Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity
568:Boddy-Evans, Alistair (24 November 2014).
31:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
487:
257:you strike the women, you strike a rock,
1706:Reconstruction and Development Programme
485:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
473:
471:
469:
467:
89:African National Congress Women's League
2913:Opposition to apartheid in South Africa
1302:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
563:
561:
425:
1783:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
179:The organisation behind the march was
741:
739:
27:1956 anti-apartheid march in Pretoria
7:
660:
658:
656:
629:
627:
625:
1713:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
1359:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
541:"Honour the Strike a Woman Legacy"
539:Maponya, Chichi (16 August 2015).
25:
2865:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
2500:South African Party (Cape Colony)
319:, a monument was unveiled at the
181:Federation of South African Women
93:Federation of South African Women
2918:Events associated with apartheid
2877:
2876:
2514:South African Party (1977–1980)
2507:South African Party (1911–1934)
2423:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
2220:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
152:took place on 9 August 1956 in
1832:2019 service delivery protests
1818:#FeesMustFall student protests
1563:1983 constitutional referendum
100:Prime Minister of South Africa
1:
2290:Johannesburg Reform Committee
1519:Israel–South Africa Agreement
912:
897:
874:
867:
717:sahoboss (17 February 2011).
254:wathint' imbokodo, uzo kufa!
2943:August 1956 events in Africa
1945:Black Consciousness Movement
1699:Government of National Unity
723:South African History Online
299:Presented to Prime Minister
1656:Saint James Church massacre
1542:Weapons of mass destruction
798:"Tribute to women warriors"
2959:
1396:1957 Alexandra bus boycott
1274:South West Africa campaign
1173:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
1138:French Huguenot settlement
2928:Apartheid in South Africa
2874:
2851:African National Congress
2311:Liberal Party (1953–1968)
1649:1992 apartheid referendum
450:10.1080/01436598308419740
115:
82:
2923:Protests in South Africa
2304:Labour Party (1969–1994)
2297:Labour Party (1910–1958)
1853:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
1811:#RhodesMustFall protests
1410:1960 republic referendum
778:. Reuters. 14 March 1980
400:Sophia Williams-De Bruyn
265:Rallying call for Women.
231:Sophia Williams-De Bruyn
128:Sophia Williams-De Bruyn
2933:1956 in women's history
2749:terrorist organisations
1839:2019 Johannesburg riots
1452:Constructive engagement
1417:International isolation
1235:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
18:1956 Women's March
1762:Attack on Kennedy Road
1373:Congress of the People
964:South African Republic
321:Malibongwe Embokodweni
306:
281:. The petition reads:
268:
245:Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika
189:Congress of the People
2332:Natal Indian Congress
2052:Afrikaner Broederbond
1906:Afrikaner nationalism
1692:1994 general election
1663:Bophuthatswana crisis
1556:Church Street bombing
1336:Apartheid legislation
1329:1948 general election
1249:South Africa Act 1909
1044:Union of South Africa
864:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
844:Political history of
438:Third World Quarterly
335:in the centre lies a
311:Monument to the event
279:Indian Youth Congress
260:you will be crushed !
2903:1956 in South Africa
1966:Greater South Africa
1804:2014 platinum strike
1670:Shell House massacre
1598:Transkei coup d'état
1403:Sharpeville massacre
1166:Battle of Blaauwberg
1159:Battle of Muizenberg
1111:Battle of Salt River
894:Mthethwa Paramountcy
343:Notable participants
317:National Women's Day
2858:Democratic Alliance
2035:Civic and political
1899:Afrikaner Calvinism
1892:African nationalism
1741:African Renaissance
1431:UNSC Resolution 591
1352:Internal resistance
1253:National Convention
1221:Transvaal Civil War
1145:Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars
1028:Orange River Colony
639:Mail & Guardian
331:and Marcus Holmes.
191:in 1955, where the
1605:Ciskei coup d'état
1424:UN Resolution 1761
1389:Women's March 1956
1242:South African Wars
1228:Mineral Revolution
776:The New York Times
697:The M&G Online
671:The M&G Online
325:Technikon Pretoria
315:On 9 August 2000,
251:wathint' abafazi,
185:ANC Women's League
2890:
2889:
2843:political parties
2836:
2835:
2813:Orde van die Dood
2430:Progressive Party
2136:Congress Alliance
1952:Cape Independence
1884:Political culture
1879:
1878:
1846:COVID-19 pandemic
1776:Marikana massacre
1612:Venda coup d'état
1366:Defiance Campaign
956:Orange Free State
886:Dutch Cape Colony
376:(as an organizer)
204:for black women.
197:What Women Demand
147:
146:
106:
105:
16:(Redirected from
2950:
2880:
2879:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2747:Paramilitary and
2739:
2737:Umkosi Wezintaba
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2582:social movements
2580:Trade unions and
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2488:
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2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2404:
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2390:
2383:
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2355:
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2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2306:
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2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2101:Boerestaat Party
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2032:
2018:
2009:
2000:
1991:
1984:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1872:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1591:Dakar Conference
1586:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1521:
1514:
1512:Israeli alliance
1507:
1500:
1493:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1466:Sporting boycott
1461:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1438:Academic boycott
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1295:Great Depression
1290:
1283:
1281:Maritz rebellion
1276:
1256:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1131:Dutch settlement
1113:
1106:
1104:Bantu migrations
1091:
1079:
1071:
1063:
1055:
1047:
1039:
1036:Transvaal Colony
1031:
1023:
1015:
1007:
1004:Nieuwe Republiek
999:
991:
983:
975:
967:
959:
951:
943:
940:Natalia Republic
935:
927:
919:
917:
914:
909:Ndwandwe Kingdom
904:
902:
899:
889:
881:
879:
876:
872:
869:
838:
831:
824:
815:
809:
808:
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794:
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714:
708:
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703:
688:
682:
681:
679:
677:
662:
651:
650:
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641:. 25 August 2016
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551:
536:
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529:
501:
462:
461:
433:
415:Lilian Diedricks
395:Albertina Sisulu
304:
303:, 9 August 1956.
266:
84:
83:
32:
21:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2938:Women's marches
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2870:
2863:
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2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2248:HNP (Herstigte)
2246:
2241:HNP (Herenigde)
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2059:Afrikaner Party
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2027:
2021:
2012:
2003:
1994:
1987:
1978:
1973:Honorary whites
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1875:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1734:Soweto bombings
1732:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1647:
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1617:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1535:Soweto Uprising
1533:
1526:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1459:Tar Baby Option
1457:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1380:Freedom Charter
1378:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1286:
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1066:
1058:
1050:
1042:
1034:
1026:
1018:
1010:
1002:
994:
986:
980:Griqualand West
978:
972:Griqualand East
970:
962:
954:
946:
938:
930:
922:
915:
907:
900:
892:
884:
877:
870:
862:
848:
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642:
633:
632:
623:
608:10.2307/4066826
602:(21): 143–151.
593:
592:
588:
578:
576:
574:about education
567:
566:
559:
549:
547:
538:
537:
533:
518:10.2307/3337784
503:
502:
465:
435:
434:
427:
423:
410:Nosipho Dastile
374:Florence Mkhize
345:
313:
305:
298:
293:
291:
289:
287:
275:
267:
264:
215:Union Buildings
210:
193:Freedom Charter
177:
143:
142:
135:
130:
126:
122:
102:
95:
91:
63:
53:Union Buildings
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2956:
2954:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2895:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2846:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2806:Ossewabrandwag
2802:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2752:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2585:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2549:Unionist Party
2545:
2538:
2531:
2528:Torch Commando
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2402:Orde Boerevolk
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2178:DP (1989–2000)
2174:
2171:DP (1973–1977)
2167:
2164:Dominion Party
2160:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2045:Afrikaner Bond
2040:
2038:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1992:
1985:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1959:Day of the Vow
1955:
1948:
1941:
1932:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1727:Floor crossing
1723:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1687:
1685:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1642:Bisho massacre
1638:
1637:
1636:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1584:Operation Vula
1580:
1577:Rubicon speech
1573:
1570:Langa massacre
1566:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1332:
1324:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1288:Rand Rebellion
1284:
1277:
1269:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1214:Boer Republics
1210:
1203:
1196:
1188:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1126:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1099:
1097:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1072:
1064:
1060:Bophuthatswana
1056:
1048:
1040:
1032:
1024:
1020:Klein Vrystaat
1016:
1008:
1000:
992:
984:
976:
968:
960:
952:
944:
936:
928:
920:
905:
890:
882:
859:
857:
850:
849:
843:
841:
840:
833:
826:
818:
811:
810:
789:
763:
735:
719:"Rahima Moosa"
709:
683:
652:
621:
586:
557:
531:
463:
444:(4): 886–893.
424:
422:
419:
418:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
344:
341:
312:
309:
296:
274:
271:
262:
209:
206:
176:
173:
145:
144:
136:
117:
116:
113:
112:
108:
107:
104:
103:
98:
96:
87:
80:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
51:
49:
45:
44:
41:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2955:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2908:1956 protests
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2885:
2884:
2873:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2839:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2745:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2723:Die Spoorbund
2720:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2578:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2563:Workers Party
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2444:Radio Freedom
2441:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2395:Oranjewerkers
2392:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:organisations
2033:
2030:
2028:organisations
2024:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1871:
1869:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1825:Tshwane riots
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1678:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1549:Project Coast
1546:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1528:Mafeje affair
1525:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1498:Durban Moment
1495:
1492:
1491:Rivonia Trial
1488:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1445:Disinvestment
1442:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1200:1820 Settlers
1197:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
910:
906:
895:
891:
887:
883:
865:
861:
860:
858:
856:
851:
847:
839:
834:
832:
827:
825:
820:
819:
816:
799:
793:
790:
777:
773:
767:
764:
752:
748:
742:
740:
736:
724:
720:
713:
710:
698:
694:
687:
684:
672:
668:
661:
659:
657:
653:
640:
636:
630:
628:
626:
622:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
590:
587:
575:
571:
564:
562:
558:
546:
542:
535:
532:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
500:
498:
496:
494:
492:
490:
488:
486:
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
468:
464:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
432:
430:
426:
420:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
349:Frances Baard
347:
346:
342:
340:
338:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
310:
308:
302:
301:J.G. Strijdom
295:
282:
280:
272:
270:
261:
258:
255:
252:
248:
246:
241:
239:
238:J.G. Strijdom
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
219:Lillian Ngoyi
216:
207:
205:
203:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
174:
172:
170:
169:J.G. Strijdom
166:
163:
159:
155:
151:
150:Women's March
141:
140:
139:J.G. Strijdom
134:
133:
129:
125:
121:
114:
109:
101:
97:
94:
90:
86:
85:
81:
76:
73:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
43:9 August 1956
42:
38:
35:Women's March
33:
30:
19:
2881:
2841:Histories of
2542:United Party
2451:Reform Party
2388:Orangia Unie
2013:
2004:
1997:Swart gevaar
1995:
1979:
1935:
1926:
1867:
1769:Blikkiesdorp
1388:
1095:Pre-colonial
948:Natal Colony
932:Zulu Kingdom
846:South Africa
801:. Retrieved
792:
780:. Retrieved
775:
766:
754:. Retrieved
751:www.enca.com
750:
726:. Retrieved
722:
712:
700:. Retrieved
696:
691:Supplement.
686:
674:. Retrieved
670:
665:Supplement.
643:. Retrieved
638:
599:
595:
589:
577:. Retrieved
573:
550:13 September
548:. Retrieved
544:
534:
509:
506:African Arts
505:
441:
437:
405:Annie Peters
390:Lilian Ngoyi
385:Rita Ndzanga
380:Rahima Moosa
369:Ruth Mompati
359:Helen Joseph
354:Bertha Gxowa
336:
333:
329:Wilma Cruise
320:
314:
307:
284:
276:
269:
259:
256:
253:
250:
242:
235:
227:Rahima Moosa
223:Helen Joseph
211:
196:
178:
158:South Africa
149:
148:
137:
132:Lilian Ngoyi
124:Rahima Moosa
120:Helen Joseph
118:
111:Lead figures
61:South Africa
29:
1981:Rooi gevaar
1860:2021 unrest
1790:Nkandlagate
1619:Third Force
1480:Rugby union
1078:(1981–1994)
1070:(1979–1994)
1062:(1977–1994)
1054:(1976–1994)
1046:(1910–1961)
1038:(1902–1910)
1030:(1902–1910)
1022:(1886–1891)
1014:(1885–1887)
1006:(1884–1888)
998:(1882–1885)
990:(1882–1883)
982:(1870–1873)
974:(1861–1879)
966:(1856–1902)
958:(1854–1902)
950:(1843–1910)
942:(1839–1843)
934:(1816–1897)
926:(1795–1910)
924:Cape Colony
916: 1780
901: 1780
888:(1652–1806)
878: 1220
871: 1075
782:26 November
645:8 September
364:Fatima Meer
2897:Categories
2792:Greyshirts
2556:Volksparty
2094:Black Sash
1755:Xenophobia
1748:Travelgate
1505:Border War
1309:Bantustans
1207:Great Trek
1152:Xhosa Wars
1012:Upingtonia
996:Stellaland
579:25 January
512:(4): 1–9.
421:References
175:Background
2015:Volkstaat
2006:Uitlander
1937:Boerehaat
1913:Anarchism
1720:Arms Deal
1683:apartheid
1343:Pass laws
1320:Apartheid
1265:1910–1948
1184:1815–1910
1122:1652–1815
165:pass laws
162:Apartheid
72:Petitions
2883:Category
2785:Boeremag
2283:Jeugkrag
2234:Het Volk
1928:Baasskap
1870:incident
1473:Olympics
1052:Transkei
855:polities
853:Defunct
337:imbokodo
297:—
273:Petition
263:—
154:Pretoria
57:Pretoria
48:Location
2688:SAAPAWU
2026:Defunct
1989:Slavery
1193:Mfecane
616:4066826
526:3337784
458:3990829
78:Parties
68:Methods
2639:FOSATU
2493:SAYRCO
2465:SADECO
2381:Occupy
1920:Azania
1868:Lady R
1797:Racism
1626:CODESA
1087:Events
1076:Ciskei
988:Goshen
918:–1819)
903:–1817)
803:12 May
756:12 May
728:12 May
702:12 May
676:12 May
614:
524:
456:
202:passes
2820:PAGAD
2716:SATUC
2709:SARHU
2695:SACTU
2674:NURHS
2632:FNETU
2618:CTSWU
2611:CNETU
2604:BLATU
2486:SAYCO
2374:NUSAS
2255:IDASA
2066:AITUP
1681:Post-
1068:Venda
612:JSTOR
522:JSTOR
454:JSTOR
208:March
2827:SANF
2757:APLA
2702:SAIF
2681:PAWE
2667:NEUM
2660:MUSA
2625:FCWU
2570:WOSA
2521:TNIP
2479:SASO
2472:SAIC
2458:SABP
2409:PAVN
2143:COSG
2122:CTEG
2115:CNIP
805:2018
784:2017
758:2018
730:2018
704:2018
678:2018
647:2016
581:2016
552:2016
229:and
40:Date
2778:BBB
2771:AWB
2764:ARM
2730:UDF
2653:IWW
2646:ICU
2597:BCM
2590:APF
2535:UFP
2437:PRP
2416:PFP
2367:NRP
2360:NPP
2346:NNP
2339:NLP
2325:NCP
2276:ISL
2227:GNP
2199:ECC
2192:DSM
2185:DPP
2157:DLF
2129:COD
2108:CDA
2087:BPC
2080:AVF
2073:APO
604:doi
545:IOL
514:doi
446:doi
2899::
2799:MK
2353:NP
2318:NA
2269:IP
2262:ID
2213:FD
2206:FA
2150:CP
913:c.
898:c.
875:c.
868:c.
774:.
749:.
738:^
721:.
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