153:
199:
Socialist
Countries but attended the broader international meeting. However, the rapprochement backfired as the Yugoslav delegates rejected the political line of recognizing the leading role of the Soviet Union in the struggle for socialism, and the Yugoslavs refused to sign the documents of the meeting. Just a few days before the event, when the Yugoslavs obtained the draft text for the declaration of the meeting, Tito cancelled his trip to Moscow altogether. The
178:
Whilst the meeting marked increasing divergence between the Soviet and
Chinese communist parties, although the Communist Party of China signed both the declaration and peace manifesto after some hesitation. The Chinese communist leader addressed the meeting on November 18, 1957, at which he publicly
76:
the meeting was attended by the leaders of each of the 13 ruling communist parties around the world. The
November 16–19 meeting was preceded by the Conference of Representatives of Communist and Workers' Parties of Socialist Countries, held November 14–16, 1957, at which 12 ruling communist parties
198:
On the other hand, the meeting was preceded by a few months of gradual normalization of relations between the Soviet Union and
Yugoslavia, and the Yugoslav party was invited to the event. The Yugoslavs rejected the invitation for the preceding meeting of Communist and Workers Parties from the
112:
tactics. As per the line given by the meeting, transition to people's democracy was possible through parliamentary elections, as long as the communist parties combined electoral work with mass struggles against reactionary forces. The meeting adopted a 'peace manifesto', outlining capitalist
121:
Whilst the intended purpose of the meeting was to display unity of the world communist movement, the outcome was quite different. In the debates at the meeting Mao argued for a centralized world communist movement whilst the
Italian communist leader
239:
During the Moscow meeting, a separate meeting of Latin
American communists was held. The meeting set up a special commission for Latin American affairs. The Popular Front line of the Chilean communists was based on input from this meeting.
219:
had unsuccessfully lobbied to exclude the wording 'with the Soviet Union at the fore' from the declaration of the meeting. The
Italian delegation had been supportive of the Polish position on this matter, whilst the Danish communist leader
126:
argued for decentralization of the world communist movement and autonomy of individual parties. For Mao, the talk of "peaceful road to socialism" meant a negotiation of revolutionary politics and a capitulation to electoral politics.
28:, November 16–19, 1957. The meeting was attended by 64 political parties from all over the world. The meeting was the first of its kind, marking a new form of forum for the world communist movement following the disbanding of the
231:". The fallout marked a setback for Khrushchev, who had hoped to be able to gather both Mao and Tito (representing opposite extremes of the increasingly divergent world communist movement) in a show of grand unity at the podium.
2002:
The
Struggle for Peace, Democracy and Socialism: Documents of Meetings of Representatives of the Communist and Workers' Parties, Held in Moscow in November 1957, in Bucharest in June 1960, and in Moscow in November
171:
The 1957 meeting marked a turning point in Sino-Soviet relations, for the first time the contradictions between the Soviet and
Chinese parties came into the forefront (which would later result in the
81:
130:
The meeting had lasting impact on the world communist movement. With the Moscow meeting indicating an increased space for independent policy by national communist parties, the
249:
Present for both the
Conference of Representatives of Communist and Workers' Parties of Socialist Countries and the International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties
190:
and expressing remorse over Chinese interference in Korean affairs in 1956. In his speech at the meeting, Kim Il Sung avoided touching on the Sino-Soviet contradictions.
140:
carried an editorial on the meeting which called for increasingly independent political self-reliance of the Workers' Party of Korea. Following the 1957 meeting, the
215:
had published a statement on October 26, 1957, condemning the Yugoslav positions, causing dismay in the Yugoslav leadership. Meanwhile, the Polish communist leader
183:". The speech, released in full by Chinese authorities only in 1985, marks the sole known statement of Mao siding with Khrushchev against the "Anti-Party Group".
96:. The 1957 meeting sought to reaffirm communist unity, demarcating against the revisionism represented by the Yugoslav party and the hardliners resisting "
152:
2064:
476:
64:'s Moscow Military District forces, military academy cadets, and representatives of the Navy and the Ministry of Internal Affairs, took place on
733:
1932:
1905:
1843:
1731:
1701:
1426:
1374:
1347:
1300:
1270:
1240:
1194:
1164:
1134:
1087:
1057:
1030:
998:
938:
908:
866:
834:
2049:
718:
374:
2009:
186:
Moreover, Mao took advantage of the Moscow meeting to improve Sino-Korean relations, by holding bilateral talks with the Korean leader
748:
652:
203:
had managed pushed the Soviets to adopt a tougher stand against Yugoslav revisionism, and at the Moscow meeting Mao was supported by
2059:
1503:
1456:
588:
316:
274:
543:
298:
823:
Harvard University. Center for International Affairs; Robert R. Bowie; Harvard University. East Asian Research Center (1962).
662:
485:
347:
was also part of the delegation, but did not get a space on the podium during the October Revolution anniversary celebration.
57:
631:
743:
573:
431:
421:
89:
2023:
883:
723:
693:
563:
400:
350:
1150:
673:
336:
2039:
881:
Zhihua Shen, Yafeng Xia "Hidden Currents during the Honeymoon: Mao, Khrushchev, and the 1957 Moscow Conference" in
738:
688:
678:
558:
538:
518:
513:
494:
446:
441:
436:
326:
306:
254:
131:
785:
403:
354:
216:
2054:
668:
636:
626:
553:
504:
471:
461:
456:
451:
264:
2016:
1818:
Sixth Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Indonesia, March 31st-April 3rd, 1958: Documents
1215:. Research Institute on Communist Strategy and Propaganda, University of Southern California. 1967. p. 24.
728:
698:
683:
647:
616:
612:
568:
466:
416:
384:
284:
141:
2044:
1339:
Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union in the Early Cold War: Reconciliation, Comradeship, Confrontation, 1953-1957
642:
602:
248:
200:
93:
29:
1835:
Was the Red Flag Flying There? Marxist Politics and the Arab-Israeli Conflict in Egypt and Israel 1948-1965
756:
528:
364:
360:
713:
583:
278:
368:
344:
105:
320:
227:
Officially Tito's absence at the October Revolution celebrations was explained by a sudden case of "
768:
703:
37:
2001:
508:
425:
53:
1801:
El carácter de la revolución guatemalteca: ocaso de la revolución democrático-burguesa corriente
1445:
Ruud van Dijk; William Glenn Gray; Svetlana Savranskaya; Jeremi Suri; Qiang Zhai (13 May 2013).
1928:
1901:
1839:
1833:
1727:
1697:
1691:
1499:
1493:
1452:
1446:
1422:
1416:
1370:
1364:
1343:
1337:
1296:
1290:
1266:
1260:
1236:
1230:
1190:
1160:
1154:
1130:
1124:
1083:
1077:
1053:
1047:
1026:
1020:
994:
934:
904:
862:
856:
830:
824:
790:
780:
620:
606:
378:
172:
123:
1922:
1721:
988:
898:
396:
180:
164:
97:
930:
Reminiscences--the Struggle for Recognition and Independence the New Yugoslavia, 1944-1957
707:
302:
73:
56:, for which celebrations had taken place in Moscow on November 6–7, 1957. The traditional
1319:
Gordon C. McDonald; American University (Washington, D.C.). Foreign Area Studies (1979).
990:
Vietnamese Communists' Relations with China and the Second Indochina Conflict, 1956-1962
392:
752:
532:
310:
224:
voiced pro-Yugoslav positions (for which he was subsequently expelled from his party).
208:
204:
2033:
2024:
Hidden Currents during the Honeymoon: Mao, Khrushchev, and the 1957 Moscow Conference
656:
547:
340:
292:
268:
160:
136:
109:
85:
596:
498:
221:
49:
25:
964:
Albania as Dictatorship and Democracy: From Isolation to the Kosovo War, 1946-1998
1981:
1965:
1948:
1895:
1878:
1859:
1816:
1799:
1782:
1766:
1750:
1661:
1641:
1539:
1523:
1473:
1394:
1320:
1210:
1184:
1104:
962:
928:
522:
388:
330:
258:
212:
187:
100:". The meeting backed Khrushchev's new line of different national paths towards
61:
1924:
New Perspectives on the Japanese Occupation in Malaya and Singapore, 1941-1945
764:
592:
480:
288:
156:
65:
101:
33:
1475:
Relations Between the Communist Parties of Italy And Yugoslavia, 1941-1960
411:
Present only at the International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties
399:. Phạm Hùng left the meeting on November 17, to attend the funeral of the
179:
affirmed support for Khrushchev's leadership in his struggle against the "
577:
1156:
Socialismos y comunismos. Claves históricas de dos movimientos políticos
771:, the CPUSA subsequently endorsed the declarations of the 1957 meeting.
48:
The 1957 meeting took place midst celebrations of the 40th anniversary (
228:
69:
858:
Black Earth, Red Star: A History of Soviet Security Policy, 1917–1991
21:
2010:
Declaration of Communist and Workers' Parties of Socialist Countries
68:
in front of the participating leaders and a banquet was held in the
1123:
Augusto Varas; Alfredo Riquelme; Marcelo Casals (25 January 2018).
151:
489:
40:) attended clandestinely out of fear of repercussions at home.
1660:
United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service (1987).
1967:
New Zealand Party's Firm Stand: World Communist Differences
1696:. Hoover Press. pp. 77, 155, 165, 249, 345, 359, 370.
1528:. Department of International Affairs, AFL-CIO. p. 12.
1487:
1485:
1109:. Department of International Affairs, AFL-CIO. p. 10.
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1388:
1386:
1292:
North Korea in Transition: Politics, Economy, and Society
1232:
Tyranny of the Weak: North Korea and the World, 1950–1992
826:
Communist China 1955-1959: Policy Documents with Analysis
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
82:
20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
34:
Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers' Parties
1492:
Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev; Serge Khrushchev (2004).
1314:
1312:
18:
International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties
1666:. National Technical Information Service. p. 50.
1541:
Publications Relating to Various Aspects of Communism
1804:. República de Guatemala Centroamérica. p. 378.
1755:. University of British Columbia. 1960. p. 142.
1723:
The GDR (RLE: German Politics): Moscow's German Ally
1544:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1959. p. 29.
1295:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 214.
1126:
El partido comunista en Chile: Una historia presente
1118:
1116:
1079:
The Sino-Soviet Dispute: An Analysis of the Polemics
1049:
Communism in Kerala: A Study in Political Adaptation
36:(Cominform). Four additional parties (including the
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
144:took an increasingly independent political course.
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
80:The 1957 meeting occurred in the aftermath of the
1815:Partai Komunis Indonesia. Comite Central (1958).
1284:
1282:
1522:AFL-CIO. Dept. of International Affairs (1975).
1254:
1252:
1224:
1222:
1103:AFL-CIO. Dept. of International Affairs (1961).
1921:Yōji Akashi; Mako Yoshimura (1 December 2008).
1897:The Communist Party of Malaya: the inside story
1838:. University of California Press. p. 192.
1517:
1515:
1440:
1438:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1082:. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. p. 110.
1052:. University of California Press. p. 143.
1864:. Japanese Communist Party. 1980. p. 175.
1655:
1653:
1289:Kyung-Ae Park; Scott Snyder (5 October 2012).
1076:Alfred D. Low; Professor Alfred D Low (1976).
113:monopolies as the main threat to world peace.
1715:
1713:
1421:. University of Wisconsin Pres. p. 282.
1071:
1069:
1014:
1012:
1010:
956:
954:
952:
950:
922:
920:
8:
1643:Histoire mondiale des socialismes: 1945-1960
1396:Histoire mondiale des socialismes: 1945-1960
903:. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 71.
850:
848:
846:
1861:Fifty Years of the Japanese Communist Party
1784:Política: quince días de México y del mundo
1369:. Princeton University Press. p. 288.
967:. Centre for Albanian Studies. p. 531.
639:, represented by Siu Cheong and Musa Ahmad.
1178:
1176:
1640:Jean Elleinstein; Georges Ayache (1984).
1393:Jean Elleinstein; Georges Ayache (1984).
1235:. Cornell University Press. p. 165.
1159:. Ediciones Paraninfo, S.A. p. 225.
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
861:. Cornell University Press. p. 230.
829:. Harvard University Press. p. 412.
2017:Speeches at the 1957 'Moscow conference'
1693:Biographical Dictionary of the Comintern
1663:Daily Report: People's Republic of China
1950:Australian Journal of Political Science
1325:. The American University. p. 281.
802:
1986:. Newspaper "Trud,". 1957. p. 32.
1970:. Foreign Languages Press. p. 55.
1873:
1871:
1768:The Current Digest of the Soviet Press
337:Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
1229:Charles K. Armstrong (18 June 2013).
887:, Volume 11, Number 4, Fall 2009 p.76
7:
1745:
1743:
1363:Alvin Z. Rubinstein (8 March 2015).
1259:James G. Hershberg (December 1996).
1129:. Editorial Catalonia. p. 189.
1478:. Stanford University. p. 301.
1366:Yugoslavia and the Nonaligned World
933:. Blond & Briggs. p. 134.
375:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
305:. The delegation also included the
211:on this point. The Albanian leader
1336:Svetozar Rajak (18 October 2010).
749:League of Communists of Yugoslavia
653:Communist Party of the Netherlands
14:
1821:. Jajasan Pembaruan. p. 102.
1720:David Childs (17 December 2014).
1498:. Penn State Press. p. 372.
1265:. DIANE Publishing. p. 184.
1186:Communist Politics in North Korea
987:Cheng Guan Ang (1 January 1997).
317:Hungarian Socialist Workers Party
275:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
1690:Milorad M. Drachkovitch (1973).
1046:Thomas Johnson Nossiter (1982).
1022:Documentary History of Communism
544:Communist Party of Great Britain
371:was also part of the delegation.
299:Socialist Unity Party of Germany
1832:Joel Beinin (22 October 1990).
1019:Robert Vincent Daniels (1987).
855:R. Craig Nation (5 July 2018).
719:Syrian–Lebanese Communist Party
291:. The delegation also included
2065:November 1957 events in Europe
663:Communist Party of New Zealand
167:at the 1957 Moscow conference.
1:
1646:. Ed. des Lilas. p. 295.
1525:AFL-CIO Free Trade Union News
1472:Eric Robert Terzuolo (1980).
1415:Jože Pirjevec (22 May 2018).
1399:. Ed. des Lilas. p. 141.
1106:AFL-CIO Free Trade Union News
665:, represented by Alec Ostler.
632:Communist Party of Luxembourg
1953:. Carfax. 1968. p. 169.
1798:Jaime Díaz-Rozzotto (2011).
1495:Memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev
1448:Encyclopedia of the Cold War
900:Mao's China and the Cold War
744:Communist Party of Venezuela
574:Communist Party of Indonesia
432:Communist Party of Australia
422:Communist Party of Argentina
77:signed a joint declaration.
2050:1950s political conferences
1771:. January 1965. p. 29.
1322:Yugoslavia: a country study
1025:. I.B.Tauris. p. 249.
897:Jian Chen (15 March 2010).
884:Journal of Cold War Studies
763:Following the departure of
724:Communist Party of Thailand
694:Sammarinese Communist Party
564:Communist Party of Honduras
401:President of Czechoslovakia
351:Polish United Workers Party
2081:
1451:. Routledge. p. 373.
1342:. Routledge. p. 202.
739:Communist Party of Uruguay
689:Portuguese Communist Party
679:Paraguayan Communist Party
559:Guatemalan Party of Labour
539:Communist Party of Germany
519:Communist Party of Finland
514:Communist Party of Ecuador
495:Communist Party of Denmark
447:Communist Party of Bolivia
442:Communist Party of Belgium
437:Communist Party of Austria
307:German Democratic Republic
255:Party of Labour of Albania
1927:. NUS Press. p. 89.
1880:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
1726:. Routledge. p. 55.
993:. McFarland. p. 66.
734:Communist Party of Turkey
704:Communist Party of Sweden
669:Communist Party of Norway
637:Communist Party of Malaya
627:Jordanian Communist Party
589:Communist Party of Israel
554:Communist Party of Greece
472:Colombian Communist Party
462:Communist Party of Ceylon
457:Communist Party of Canada
452:Communist Party of Brazil
265:Bulgarian Communist Party
2060:1957 in the Soviet Union
1900:. Vinpress. p. 17.
1151:EDUARDO GONZÁLEZ CALLEJA
729:Tunisian Communist Party
699:Communist Party of Spain
684:Peruvian Communist Party
674:People's Party of Panama
648:Moroccan Communist Party
613:Communist Party of Japan
569:Communist Party of India
505:People's Socialist Party
486:People's Socialist Party
467:Communist Party of Chile
417:Algerian Communist Party
391:. He was accompanied by
385:Workers Party of Vietnam
319:, delegation was led by
285:Communist Party of China
142:Romanian Communist Party
88:had been denounced, and
1787:. May 1963. p. xv.
1189:. Praeger. p. 95.
1183:Ilpyong J. Kim (1975).
927:Edvard Kardelj (1982).
706:, delegation headed by
655:, delegation headed by
643:Mexican Communist Party
605:, delegation headed by
603:Italian Communist Party
576:, delegation headed by
546:, delegation headed by
521:, delegation headed by
497:, delegation headed by
477:People's Vanguard Party
424:, delegation headed by
377:, delegation headed by
353:, delegation headed by
339:, delegation headed by
329:, delegation headed by
327:Workers' Party of Korea
301:, delegation headed by
287:, delegation headed by
277:, delegation headed by
267:, delegation headed by
257:, delegation headed by
201:Chinese Communist Party
132:Workers' Party of Korea
30:Communist International
1894:Aloysius Chin (1994).
529:French Communist Party
365:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
361:Romanian Workers Party
235:Latin American meeting
168:
52:) celebrations of the
1964:V. G. Wilcox (1964).
1418:Tito and His Comrades
961:Owen Pearson (2006).
786:Soviet–Albanian split
714:Swiss Party of Labour
584:Iraqi Communist Party
155:
1262:The Cold War in Asia
751:, delegation led by
531:, delegation led by
387:, delegation led by
363:, delegation led by
345:Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal
106:peaceful coexistence
32:(Comintern) and the
1883:. 1980. p. 49.
769:Communist Party USA
757:Aleksandar Ranković
38:Communist Party USA
509:Dominican Republic
426:Victorio Codovilla
169:
117:Unity and division
90:revolts in Hungary
54:October Revolution
2040:Communist parties
1934:978-9971-69-299-5
1907:978-967-81-0192-9
1845:978-0-520-07036-3
1733:978-1-317-54210-0
1703:978-0-8179-8403-8
1428:978-0-299-31770-6
1376:978-1-4008-7095-0
1349:978-1-136-90552-0
1302:978-1-4422-1813-0
1272:978-0-7881-3510-1
1242:978-0-8014-6893-3
1212:Communist Affairs
1196:978-0-275-09190-3
1166:978-84-283-3850-9
1136:978-956-324-588-2
1089:978-0-8386-1479-2
1059:978-0-520-04667-2
1032:978-1-85043-035-3
1000:978-0-7864-0404-9
940:978-0-85634-135-9
910:978-0-8078-9890-1
868:978-1-5017-2910-2
836:978-0-674-14900-7
791:Tito-Stalin split
781:Sino-Soviet split
621:Korehito Kurahara
615:, represented by
607:Palmiro Togliatti
591:, represented by
404:Antonín Zápotocký
379:Nikita Khrushchev
369:Nicolae Ceaușescu
355:Władysław Gomułka
217:Władysław Gomułka
194:Yugoslav question
173:Sino-Soviet split
148:Sino-Soviet split
124:Palmiro Togliatti
2072:
2055:1957 conferences
1988:
1987:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1961:
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1938:
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888:
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872:
852:
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820:
181:Anti-Party Group
165:Soong Ching-ling
98:de-Stalinization
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2079:
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2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2069:
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1752:Pacific Affairs
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