121:
175:
164:
153:
141:
106:
93:
29:
342:
302:
By 1966, the junta faced significant opposition due to its unpopular austerity measures and failure to transition to civilian rule, leading to widespread demonstrations across
467:
1589:
291:
Despite reducing public expenditure by 16% in 1963, the country's public finances remained weak. Tax breaks for foreign companies also caused the budget deficit to soar from
281:
432:
334:
874:
1367:
460:
1531:
265:
Aurelio
Naranjo, and Naftali Ponce Miranda. In the immediate aftermath, the military junta proclaimed martial law and the outlawing of the
1454:
1429:
1424:
277:
396:
1599:
1289:
1362:
453:
235:
230:, concerns over potential misrule by either of the two presidential candidates in the upcoming election, and the perceived threat from
1584:
619:
1045:
1475:
1408:
1387:
1347:
1342:
1327:
1306:
1151:
1116:
1096:
1091:
1055:
1015:
1010:
985:
916:
906:
886:
777:
706:
530:
1403:
1268:
1220:
1141:
1126:
1106:
1040:
1025:
1005:
881:
848:
797:
752:
691:
495:
1526:
959:
1510:
1332:
1278:
1258:
1205:
1161:
1156:
1136:
1131:
1111:
942:
911:
782:
762:
686:
640:
624:
604:
582:
1050:
937:
772:
577:
1500:
1413:
1294:
1230:
975:
660:
645:
609:
587:
833:
717:
599:
223:
204:
145:
1495:
1480:
1459:
1382:
1372:
1263:
1215:
1000:
722:
696:
995:
299:
163 million by the end of 1964, and economic growth slowed down due to declines in banana, coffee, and cacao exports.
125:
1273:
1101:
926:
921:
901:
838:
802:
767:
701:
556:
525:
520:
510:
500:
1182:
949:
445:
1594:
1447:
1357:
1198:
1035:
853:
792:
681:
540:
266:
896:
787:
740:
655:
614:
561:
535:
505:
1574:
1490:
1377:
1177:
1020:
980:
745:
727:
665:
288:, the junta raised gasoline taxes, increased electricity rates, and cut jobs in the country's state enterprises.
1193:
1065:
1060:
1579:
757:
258:
250:
that resulted in the overthrow of the government and the exile of both
President Arosemena and Vice President
212:
157:
954:
1442:
1311:
216:
200:
110:
97:
179:
812:
650:
1030:
869:
310:. Continued unrest led the junta to step down and cede power to an interim coalition government led by
295:
250 million in 1963 to S/. 630 million in 1964, reaching S/. 1.2 billion by 1965. Public debt rose to
1301:
1235:
1146:
807:
296:
168:
421:
251:
1070:
566:
231:
990:
215:. The junta ruled the country until 1966, when it was overthrown in another coup d'état by the
1337:
891:
476:
192:
1485:
1075:
864:
843:
292:
594:
368:
311:
272:
During the three-year-long rule of the junta, they supported agro-exporters and relied on
385:
374:. OCI No. 2991/63. Central Intelligence Agency (published September 2000). 15 July 1963.
1210:
515:
273:
247:
208:
1568:
1352:
1505:
255:
284:
was also given. While trying to meet the criteria needed to secure loans from the
858:
1225:
285:
1547:
1418:
817:
480:
307:
227:
931:
571:
28:
1283:
1251:
1187:
422:"The IMF, the World Bank, and US. Foreign Policy in Ecuador, 1956-1966"
262:
196:
174:
163:
152:
140:
105:
92:
52:
1246:
369:"Current Intelligence Memorandum. Subject: Military Junta in Ecuador"
734:
711:
303:
1436:
1240:
449:
222:
Motives behind the coup d'état included dissatisfaction with
269:(PCE), along with the detention of top PCE party officials.
246:
On July 11, 1963, the
Ecuadorian military staged a near-
1519:
1468:
1396:
1320:
1170:
1084:
968:
826:
674:
633:
549:
488:
254:. The military junta that took power, composed of
483:, and attempted coups in the Americas since 1900
21:
461:
8:
468:
454:
446:
427:. Latin American Perspectives, Issue 120,
68:Formation of anti-Communist military junta
18:
323:
111:Dissenting faction of the armed forces
278:import-substitution industrialization
234:. President Arosemena's criticism of
16:Military overthrow of Julio Arosemena
7:
1590:1960s coups d'état and coup attempts
438:from the original on March 31, 2023.
415:
413:
411:
409:
402:from the original on April 30, 2024.
363:
361:
359:
345:from the original on August 10, 2023
329:
327:
74:Restoration to civilian rule in 1966
238:also contributed to his overthrow.
420:Kofas, Jon V. (5 September 2001).
14:
280:. Significant financial aid from
226:perceived over-friendliness with
217:High Command of the Armed Forces
173:
162:
151:
139:
119:
104:
91:
27:
339:University of Central Arkansas
203:against the administration of
71:Outlawing of Communist parties
1:
205:Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy
146:Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy
1600:Military history of Ecuador
189:1963 Ecuadorian coup d'état
22:1963 Ecuadorian coup d'état
1616:
1404:Trinidad and Tobago (1990)
267:Communist Party of Ecuador
207:, establishing a four-man
1585:Military coups in Ecuador
1540:
1127:Dominican Republic (1963)
393:Center for Systemic Peace
132:
84:
35:
26:
335:"Ecuador (1905-present)"
64:Coup attempt successful
98:Armed Forces of Ecuador
133:Commanders and leaders
224:President Arosemena's
180:Naftali Ponce Miranda
960:Paraguay (Sep 1949)
236:U.S. foreign policy
193:government takeover
191:was the successful
1307:El Salvador (1979)
1216:El Salvador (1972)
1097:El Salvador (1961)
1092:El Salvador (1960)
922:El Salvador (1948)
707:El Salvador (1931)
259:Ramón Castro Jijón
213:Ramon Castro Jijon
158:Ramón Castro Jijón
1595:Conflicts in 1963
1562:
1561:
1373:Panama (Mar 1988)
620:Costa Rica (1917)
185:
184:
80:
79:
1607:
1575:1963 in politics
1496:Venezuela (2002)
1455:Guatemala (1993)
1368:Haiti (Sep 1988)
1363:Haiti (Jun 1988)
1348:Guatemala (1983)
1343:Guatemala (1982)
1269:Argentina (1976)
1231:Chile (Sep 1973)
1226:Chile (Jun 1973)
1147:Argentina (1966)
1117:Guatemala (1963)
1107:Argentina (1962)
1056:Venezuela (1958)
1046:Guatemala (1957)
1021:Argentina (1955)
1016:Guatemala (1954)
981:Argentina (1951)
917:Venezuela (1948)
907:Nicaragua (1947)
887:Venezuela (1945)
849:Argentina (1943)
778:Nicaragua (1936)
692:Argentina (1930)
610:Haiti (Nov 1914)
600:Haiti (Jan 1914)
531:Venezuela (1908)
470:
463:
456:
447:
440:
439:
437:
426:
417:
404:
403:
401:
390:
382:
376:
375:
373:
365:
354:
353:
351:
350:
331:
178:
177:
167:
166:
156:
155:
144:
143:
124:
123:
122:
109:
108:
96:
95:
37:
36:
31:
19:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1580:1963 in Ecuador
1565:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1544:successful coup
1536:
1515:
1511:Honduras (2009)
1481:Paraguay (2000)
1464:
1460:Paraguay (1996)
1409:Suriname (1990)
1392:
1388:Paraguay (1989)
1338:Dominica (1981)
1328:Suriname (1980)
1316:
1279:Honduras (1978)
1259:Honduras (1975)
1206:Honduras (1972)
1166:
1132:Honduras (1963)
1080:
1041:Colombia (1957)
1036:Honduras (1956)
1011:Paraguay (1954)
1006:Colombia (1953)
964:
950:Colombia (1949)
927:Paraguay (1948)
834:Paraguay (1940)
822:
803:Paraguay (1937)
773:Paraguay (1936)
670:
629:
557:Paraguay (1911)
545:
526:Paraguay (1908)
521:Paraguay (1905)
511:Paraguay (1904)
501:Paraguay (1902)
496:Colombia (1900)
484:
474:
444:
443:
435:
424:
419:
418:
407:
399:
388:
384:
383:
379:
371:
367:
366:
357:
348:
346:
333:
332:
325:
320:
312:Clemente Yerovi
244:
172:
171:
169:Aurelio Naranjo
161:
160:
150:
138:
120:
118:
117:
103:
90:
55:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1613:
1611:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1567:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1554:attempted coup
1550:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1532:Bolivia (2024)
1529:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1476:Ecuador (2000)
1472:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1358:Bolivia (1984)
1355:
1353:Grenada (1983)
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1333:Bolivia (1980)
1330:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1312:Bolivia (1979)
1309:
1304:
1302:Grenada (1979)
1299:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1281:
1276:
1274:Ecuador (1976)
1271:
1266:
1264:Ecuador (1975)
1261:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1238:
1236:Bolivia (1974)
1233:
1228:
1223:
1221:Uruguay (1973)
1218:
1213:
1211:Ecuador (1972)
1208:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1185:
1183:Bolivia (1970)
1180:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1162:Bolivia (1969)
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1137:Bolivia (1964)
1134:
1129:
1124:
1122:Ecuador (1963)
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1102:Ecuador (1961)
1099:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1066:Bolivia (1959)
1063:
1061:Bolivia (1958)
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
1001:Bolivia (1952)
998:
993:
991:Bolivia (1951)
988:
983:
978:
972:
970:
966:
965:
963:
962:
957:
955:Bolivia (1949)
952:
947:
946:
945:
940:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
902:Ecuador (1947)
899:
894:
892:Bolivia (1946)
889:
884:
879:
878:
877:
872:
867:
856:
854:Bolivia (1943)
851:
846:
844:Uruguay (1942)
841:
836:
830:
828:
824:
823:
821:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
793:Bolivia (1937)
790:
788:Ecuador (1936)
785:
783:Bolivia (1936)
780:
775:
770:
768:Ecuador (1935)
765:
763:Bolivia (1934)
760:
755:
753:Uruguay (1933)
750:
749:
748:
743:
732:
731:
730:
725:
720:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
682:Bolivia (1930)
678:
676:
672:
671:
669:
668:
666:Ecuador (1925)
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
641:Bolivia (1920)
637:
635:
631:
630:
628:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
591:
590:
585:
580:
569:
564:
559:
553:
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547:
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523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
492:
490:
486:
485:
475:
473:
472:
465:
458:
450:
442:
441:
405:
377:
355:
322:
321:
319:
316:
274:debt financing
248:bloodless coup
243:
240:
209:military junta
183:
182:
148:
135:
134:
130:
129:
100:
87:
86:
82:
81:
78:
77:
76:
75:
72:
69:
61:
57:
56:
51:
49:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1612:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
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1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1456:
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1449:
1446:
1444:
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1440:
1438:
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1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:Panama (1989)
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
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1346:
1344:
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1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
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1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
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1257:
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1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1152:Panama (1968)
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1142:Brazil (1964)
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1071:Brazil (1959)
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1031:Brazil (1956)
1029:
1027:
1026:Brazil (1955)
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
986:Panama (1951)
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
971:
967:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
944:
941:
939:
936:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
882:Brazil (1945)
880:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
839:Panama (1941)
837:
835:
832:
831:
829:
825:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
808:Brazil (1938)
806:
804:
801:
799:
798:Brazil (1937)
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
747:
744:
742:
739:
738:
736:
733:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
702:Panama (1931)
700:
698:
697:Brazil (1930)
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
679:
677:
673:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
651:Brazil (1922)
649:
647:
646:Mexico (1920)
644:
642:
639:
638:
636:
632:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
595:Mexico (1913)
593:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
573:
570:
568:
567:Mexico (1911)
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
554:
552:
548:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
516:Brazil (1904)
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
493:
491:
487:
482:
478:
471:
466:
464:
459:
457:
452:
451:
448:
434:
430:
423:
416:
414:
412:
410:
406:
398:
394:
387:
381:
378:
370:
364:
362:
360:
356:
344:
340:
336:
330:
328:
324:
317:
315:
313:
309:
305:
300:
298:
294:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
257:
253:
249:
241:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
181:
176:
170:
165:
159:
154:
149:
147:
142:
137:
136:
131:
127:
116:
113:
112:
107:
101:
99:
94:
89:
88:
83:
73:
70:
67:
66:
65:
62:
59:
58:
54:
50:
47:
46:
43:July 11, 1963
42:
39:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
1553:
1552:no sign for
1501:Haiti (2004)
1491:Haiti (2001)
1414:Haiti (1991)
1378:Haiti (1989)
1178:Haiti (1970)
1121:
1051:Haiti (1958)
976:Haiti (1950)
897:Haiti (1946)
818:Chile (1939)
813:Chile (1938)
661:Chile (1925)
656:Chile (1924)
615:Haiti (1915)
562:Haiti (1911)
536:Haiti (1908)
506:Haiti (1902)
428:
392:
380:
347:. Retrieved
338:
301:
290:
271:
256:Rear Admiral
245:
221:
188:
186:
115:Supported by
114:
102:
85:Belligerents
63:
1527:Peru (2022)
1506:Peru (2005)
1486:Peru (2000)
1157:Peru (1968)
1112:Peru (1962)
1076:Cuba (1959)
996:Cuba (1952)
912:Peru (1948)
859:El Salvador
758:Cuba (1933)
687:Peru (1930)
625:Peru (1919)
605:Peru (1914)
541:Peru (1909)
1569:Categories
481:self-coups
349:2024-05-24
318:References
286:World Bank
228:communists
1548:self-coup
1419:Venezuela
746:September
723:September
431:, No. 2.
386:"Ecuador"
314:in 1966.
308:Guayaquil
128:(alleged)
1448:November
1430:November
1425:February
1295:November
1247:February
943:February
932:Paraguay
728:December
583:February
572:Paraguay
433:Archived
397:Archived
343:Archived
232:the Left
201:military
48:Location
1439:(1992)
1421:(1992)
1286:(1978)
1284:Bolivia
1243:(1975)
1194:January
1190:(1971)
1188:Bolivia
938:January
934:(1949)
875:October
861:(1944)
737:(1932)
714:(1931)
578:January
574:(1912)
263:Colonel
261:,
242:History
211:led by
199:of the
197:Ecuador
53:Ecuador
1252:August
1199:August
60:Result
1520:2020s
1469:2000s
1443:April
1397:1990s
1321:1980s
1171:1970s
1085:1960s
969:1950s
865:April
827:1940s
735:Chile
712:Chile
675:1930s
634:1920s
588:March
550:1910s
489:1900s
477:Coups
436:(PDF)
425:(PDF)
400:(PDF)
389:(PDF)
372:(PDF)
304:Quito
282:USAID
252:Varea
1437:Peru
1290:July
1241:Peru
741:June
718:July
306:and
297:US$
276:and
187:The
40:Date
870:May
293:S/.
195:in
126:CIA
1571::
479:,
429:28
408:^
395:.
391:.
358:^
341:.
337:.
326:^
219:.
469:e
462:t
455:v
352:.
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