48:
371:, the Mississippi voting registration procedure in 1963 required Mississippians to fill out a 21-question registration form and to answer, to the satisfaction of the white registrars, a question on the interpretation of any one of the 285 sections of the state's constitution. As a result, African-Americans made up a large portion of the voting-age population yet only a small fraction of them were registered; in
3132:
406:
Beginning on
November 2, polling stations set up in barber shops, churches, drug stores in black neighborhoods and began accepting ballots. When polling concluded on November 4, 78,869 ballots had been submitted by blacks across Mississippi, four times the number of blacks registered to vote.
419:, educated black Mississippians about how to register and vote, proved that black Mississippians were interested in voting and interested in change, and helped attract the attention of the federal administration to the fact that voting rights were being violated in Mississippi.
375:, despite making up more than half of the total adult population, fewer than 3% of eligible black voters were registered. Statewide, between 5% and 6% of eligible blacks were registered to vote.
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1312:
732:
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303:
2875:
1213:
1132:
297:
3166:
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355:(SNCC) taking a leading role. By the end of the campaign, over 78,000 Mississippians had participated. The Freedom Vote directly led to the creation of the
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753:
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153:
95:
2997:
1426:
1362:
725:
1436:
1411:
1396:
1125:
793:
642:
403:. From October 14 to November 4, volunteers worked to spread information about the Freedom Vote as widely as possible amongst voters.
348:
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for lieutenant governor. It was the first black-white integrated ticket for state leadership of
Mississippi since
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Sinsheimer, Joseph A. (1989). "The
Freedom Vote of 1963: New Strategies of Racial Protest in Mississippi".
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2014:
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351:(COFO), a coalition of Mississippi's four most prominent civil rights organizations, with the
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1969:
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1889:
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1769:
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90:
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The
Freedom Vote accomplished four goals: It protested the exclusion of blacks by the
3150:
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2004:
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2019:
2009:
1964:
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17:
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534:
vol. 4, no. 4, The
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, November 11, 1963,
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1984:
1979:
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1724:
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860:
340:
264:
209:
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2059:
1959:
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383:
On
October 6, 1963, a convention at the Masonic Temple in Jackson nominated
686:
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368:
2638:
514:
2706:
560:"Civil Rights Movement History & Timeline, 1963 (July–December)"
506:
1441:
388:
714:
106:
591:
The Civil Rights
Revolution: Events and Leaders, 1955–1968
347:
among
African Americans. The effort was organized by the
615:"Mississippi Voter Registration Statistics by Race, 1964"
2891:
2669:"Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)"
2915:
African
American founding fathers of the United States
1268:
Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement
1133:
John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights
79:
Disenfranchisement of African-Americans in Mississippi
3028:
2963:
Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument
2930:
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1527:
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809:
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83:
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438:No Small Thing: The 1963 Mississippi Freedom Vote
1499:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
1489:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
1422:Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights
1313:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
2968:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument
304:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument
3172:History of voting rights in the United States
2876:List of lynching victims in the United States
1214:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
726:
583:
581:
579:
298:Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education
118:
8:
3182:Suffrage organisations in the United States
1343:Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights
664:Freedom Ballot Instructions, November 1963"
463:"Council of Federated Organizations (COFO)"
1392:Council for United Civil Rights Leadership
759:
733:
719:
711:
125:
111:
103:
46:
29:
2948:Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument
353:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
270:Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner
3177:History of African-American civil rights
2983:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change
1023:University of Georgia desegregation riot
373:Mississippi's 2nd Congressional District
3162:African-American history of Mississippi
2897:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence
2634:"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus"
2629:"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round"
427:
2811:African-American women in the movement
1263:White House Conference on Civil Rights
1094:"Segregation now, segregation forever"
588:Sargent, Frederic O. (21 March 2015).
1252:Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections
624:(PDF). Civil Rights Movement Archive.
7:
3020:St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument
1484:Regional Council of Negro Leadership
1432:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
1378:Committee on Appeal for Human Rights
855:Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company
780:Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore
530:"Over 70,000 Cast Freedom Ballots."
526:
524:
357:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
250:Burglund High School student walkout
154:Regional Council of Negro Leadership
96:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
3167:Events of the civil rights movement
1427:Lowndes County Freedom Organization
1363:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
1033:Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address
549:Wisconsin Historical Society, 2014.
2871:African-American churches attacked
1437:Montgomery Improvement Association
1412:Georgia Council on Human Relations
1397:Council of Federated Organizations
1368:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
1126:16th Street Baptist Church bombing
1084:Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot
890:1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom
794:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
349:Council of Federated Organizations
25:
2943:Birmingham Civil Rights Institute
2816:Jews in the civil rights movement
435:Lawson, William H. (2018-03-29).
3137:Civil rights movement portal
3130:
2978:Freedom Riders National Monument
2720:The Kingdom of God Is Within You
1232:1965 Selma to Montgomery marches
1191:1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests
1078:Second Emancipation Proclamation
3005:Mississippi Civil Rights Museum
2993:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
1469:National Council of Negro Women
1407:Deacons for Defense and Justice
697:from the original on 2019-05-25
645:from the original on 2019-05-27
495:The Journal of Southern History
339:organized in the U.S. state of
885:Mansfield school desegregation
545:(Links to an external site.).
441:. Univ. Press of Mississippi.
255:Murder of Roman Ducksworth Jr.
230:Prayer Pilgrimage Freedom Ride
87:Submission of 78,869 ballots
1:
3015:National Voting Rights Museum
2958:Civil Rights Movement Archive
2757:Lynching in the United States
2644:"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize"
1099:Stand in the Schoolhouse Door
1072:University of Chicago sit-ins
839:Davis v. Prince Edward County
687:"SNCC-Events: Freedom Ballot"
675:Civil Rights Movement Archive
260:Assassination of Medgar Evers
3010:National Civil Rights Museum
2866:March on Washington Movement
2851:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
1320:Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
417:Mississippi Democratic Party
2654:"This Little Light of Mine"
1402:Dallas County Voters League
1348:Atlanta Negro Voters League
1111:Letter from Birmingham Jail
818:Brown v. Board of Education
395:for governor, and activist
3198:
2988:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
2856:Holt Street Baptist Church
2826:16th Street Baptist Church
1810:Annie Bell Robinson Devine
1454:Nashville Student Movement
1384:An Appeal for Human Rights
635:"Mississippi Freedom Vote"
547:Freedom Summer Collection,
333:Mississippi Freedom Ballot
292:Murder of Wharlest Jackson
287:Shooting of Benjamin Brown
3126:
2485:Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson
2455:Modjeska Monteith Simkins
1519:Women's Political Council
1514:Wednesdays in Mississippi
1509:United Auto Workers (UAW)
1494:Southern Regional Council
1464:Northern Student Movement
1373:Committee for Freedom Now
1280:Memphis sanitation strike
1246:Voting Rights Act of 1965
989:Savannah Protest Movement
770:Journey of Reconciliation
240:Mississippi Freedom Rides
146:
45:
37:
1353:Atlanta Student Movement
1302:Civil Rights Act of 1968
1227:1964–1965 Scripto strike
1208:Civil Rights Act of 1964
1106:1963 Birmingham campaign
999:Civil Rights Act of 1960
923:Civil Rights Act of 1957
325:Mississippi Freedom Vote
2905:Voter Education Project
2659:"We Shall Not Be Moved"
2320:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
1755:Josephine Dobbs Clement
1181:Chester school protests
1176:Twenty-fourth Amendment
1138:Detroit Walk to Freedom
880:Tallahassee bus boycott
801:Baton Rouge bus boycott
385:Clarksdale, Mississippi
329:Freedom Ballot Campaign
275:Murder of Vernon Dahmer
200:Murder of George W. Lee
3118:Movement photographers
2360:Bernice Johnson Reagon
2080:Martin Luther King Sr.
2075:Martin Luther King Jr.
1645:William Holmes Borders
1417:Highlander Folk School
1307:Poor People's Campaign
1160:St. Augustine movement
1010:Gomillion v. Lightfoot
933:Katz Drug Store sit-in
904:Royal Ice Cream sit-in
866:Montgomery bus boycott
281:United States v. Price
52:Freedom Vote broadside
2953:Civil Rights Memorial
2841:Bethel Baptist Church
2490:Charles Kenzie Steele
1935:Audrey Faye Hendricks
1840:Myrlie Evers-Williams
1820:Patricia Stephens Due
1790:Abraham Lincoln Davis
1725:Colia Lafayette Clark
1479:Operation Breadbasket
1474:National Urban League
1221:Katzenbach v. McClung
1089:Atlanta's Berlin Wall
742:Civil rights movement
265:Murder of Louis Allen
245:Murder of Herbert Lee
210:Murder of Emmett Till
205:Murder of Lamar Smith
135:Civil Rights Movement
40:Civil Rights Movement
2998:other King memorials
2973:Freedom Rides Museum
2910:1960s counterculture
2861:Edmund Pettus Bridge
2540:Walter Francis White
2445:Alexander D. Shimkin
959:New Year's Day March
928:Ministers' Manifesto
775:Executive Order 9981
639:SNCC Digital Gateway
467:SNCC Digital Gateway
319:, also known as the
235:McComb Freedom Rides
149:State of Mississippi
3157:1963 in Mississippi
2736:Mary McLeod Bethune
2697:Sermon on the Mount
2664:"We Shall Overcome"
2245:William Lewis Moore
2025:Frank Minis Johnson
2000:Richie Jean Jackson
1955:Donald L. Hollowell
1760:Charles E. Cobb Jr.
1565:Gwendolyn Armstrong
1560:William G. Anderson
1540:Victoria Gray Adams
1504:The Freedom Singers
1358:Black Panther Party
1143:March on Washington
1056:Garner v. Louisiana
1017:Boynton v. Virginia
18:1963 Freedom Ballot
3053:Michael Eric Dyson
2938:In popular culture
2821:Fifth Circuit Four
2805:Loving v. Virginia
2798:Hernandez v. Texas
2777:Buchanan v. Warley
2769:Separate but equal
2763:Plessy v. Ferguson
2726:Frederick Douglass
2560:Robert F. Williams
2470:Kelly Miller Smith
2450:Fred Shuttlesworth
2375:Frederick D. Reese
2355:George Raymond Jr.
2345:A. Philip Randolph
2325:Fay Bellamy Powell
2240:Queen Mother Moore
2125:Z. Alexander Looby
2070:Coretta Scott King
2015:Barbara Rose Johns
1995:Jimmie Lee Jackson
1920:William E. Harbour
1700:Stokely Carmichael
1615:Randolph Blackwell
1285:King assassination
1274:Loving v. Virginia
1258:March Against Fear
1238:How Long, Not Long
1116:Children's Crusade
1067:Cambridge movement
1004:Ax Handle Saturday
969:Greensboro sit-ins
896:Give Us the Ballot
669:2019-05-25 at the
620:2019-05-25 at the
541:2019-05-26 at the
532:The Student Voice,
401:Reconstruction era
345:disenfranchisement
225:Starkville sit-ins
169:March Against Fear
3144:
3143:
2921:Eyes on the Prize
2836:A.G. Gaston Motel
2831:Kelly Ingram Park
2791:Sweatt v. Painter
2475:Mary Louise Smith
2435:Cleveland Sellers
2420:Michael Schwerner
2385:Gloria Richardson
2165:Thurgood Marshall
2085:Bernard Lafayette
1815:John Wesley Dobbs
1329:
1328:
1048:Birmingham attack
1028:Rock Hill sit-ins
979:Sibley Commission
974:Nashville sit-ins
846:Gebhart v. Belton
832:Briggs v. Elliott
825:Bolling v. Sharpe
786:Sweatt v. Painter
601:978-0-7864-8422-5
387:, pharmacist and
367:In addition to a
312:
311:
101:
100:
94:Establishment of
16:(Redirected from
3189:
3135:
3134:
3098:Charles M. Payne
3083:Steven F. Lawson
3073:David Halberstam
3043:Clayborne Carson
2784:Hocutt v. Wilson
2731:W. E. B. Du Bois
2580:Sammy Younge Jr.
2565:Q. V. Williamson
2530:Wyatt Tee Walker
2395:Bernice Robinson
2340:Lincoln Ragsdale
2330:Rodney N. Powell
2225:Douglas E. Moore
2100:Sanford R. Leigh
2035:J. Charles Jones
1910:Fannie Lou Hamer
1825:Joseph Ellwanger
1785:Jonathan Daniels
1775:Claudette Colvin
1765:Annie Lee Cooper
1750:Kathleen Cleaver
1745:Eldridge Cleaver
1720:Shirley Chisholm
1610:Gloria Blackwell
1201:workers' murders
1148:"I Have a Dream"
1043:Anniston bombing
994:Greenville Eight
909:Little Rock Nine
872:Browder v. Gayle
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194:Other localities
182:Meredith v. Fair
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3103:Thomas E. Ricks
3093:Diane McWhorter
3078:Vincent Harding
3063:Adam Fairclough
3030:
3024:
2926:
2881:Freedom Schools
2740:
2673:
2621:
2615:
2606:Omaha, Nebraska
2594:
2510:Hartman Turnbow
2500:Dorothy Tillman
2460:Glenn E. Smiley
2440:Charles Sherrod
2400:Jo Ann Robinson
2275:Charles Neblett
2265:Elijah Muhammad
2230:Harriette Moore
2190:Floyd McKissick
2175:Franklin McCain
2110:Stanley Levison
1975:T. R. M. Howard
1925:Vincent Harding
1855:Walter Fauntroy
1740:Xernona Clayton
1690:John H. Calhoun
1675:Aurelia Browder
1665:Stanley Branche
1660:Raylawni Branch
1640:Joseph E. Boone
1625:Ezell Blair Jr.
1620:Unita Blackwell
1595:Harry Belafonte
1535:Ralph Abernathy
1523:
1459:Nation of Islam
1335:
1325:
1164:
1121:Birmingham riot
1062:Albany Movement
984:Atlanta sit-ins
964:Sit-in movement
947:
943:Biloxi wade-ins
915:Cooper v. Aaron
805:
751:
745:
739:
709:
700:
698:
691:www.ibiblio.org
685:
684:
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671:Wayback Machine
661:
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622:Wayback Machine
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543:Wayback Machine
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507:10.2307/2208903
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215:Biloxi wade-ins
142:
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71:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
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5:
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3113:Akinyele Umoja
3110:
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2709:
2702:Mahatma Gandhi
2699:
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2672:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2625:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2611:South Carolina
2608:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2550:Hosea Williams
2547:
2542:
2537:
2535:Hollis Watkins
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2465:A. Maceo Smith
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2415:Bernie Sanders
2412:
2407:
2405:Angela Russell
2402:
2397:
2392:
2390:David Richmond
2387:
2382:
2380:Walter Reuther
2377:
2372:
2367:
2365:Cordell Reagon
2362:
2357:
2352:
2350:George Raymond
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2310:Charles Person
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2280:Huey P. Newton
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2235:Harry T. Moore
2232:
2227:
2222:
2220:Cecil B. Moore
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2200:James Meredith
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2030:Clarence Jones
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1970:Zilphia Horton
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1940:Lola Hendricks
1937:
1932:
1930:Dorothy Height
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1900:Lawrence Guyot
1897:
1892:
1890:Jack Greenberg
1887:
1882:
1877:
1875:Andrew Goodman
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1800:Joseph DeLaine
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1770:Dorothy Cotton
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1715:J. L. Chestnut
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1650:Amelia Boynton
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1570:Arnold Aronson
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1339:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1282:
1277:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1248:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1229:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1196:Freedom Summer
1193:
1188:
1186:Bloody Tuesday
1183:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1013:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
955:
953:
949:
948:
946:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
919:
918:
906:
901:
900:
899:
887:
882:
877:
876:
875:
863:
858:
851:
850:
849:
842:
835:
828:
813:
811:
807:
806:
804:
803:
798:
790:
782:
777:
772:
766:
764:
757:
747:
746:
740:
738:
737:
730:
723:
715:
708:
707:
678:
655:
626:
607:
600:
575:
564:www.crmvet.org
551:
520:
501:(2): 217–244.
478:
454:
447:
426:
424:
421:
412:
409:
380:
377:
364:
361:
321:Freedom Ballot
310:
309:
307:
306:
301:
294:
289:
284:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
220:Biloxi sit-ins
217:
212:
207:
202:
191:
190:
185:
175:City of Oxford
172:
171:
166:
164:Freedom Summer
161:
156:
147:
144:
143:
132:
130:
129:
122:
115:
107:
99:
98:
91:Freedom Summer
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
69:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
51:
43:
42:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3194:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3108:Timothy Tyson
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3038:Taylor Branch
3036:
3035:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2886:Freedom songs
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2752:Jim Crow laws
2750:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2649:"Oh, Freedom"
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2575:Whitney Young
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:Kale Williams
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2515:Albert Turner
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2505:A. P. Tureaud
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2410:Bayard Rustin
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2260:William Moyer
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2195:Joseph McNeil
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:Charles McDew
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2170:Benjamin Mays
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:Vivian Malone
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2130:Joseph Lowery
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2055:Clyde Kennard
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2045:Vernon Jordan
2043:
2041:
2040:Matthew Jones
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2005:T. J. Jemison
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1990:Jesse Jackson
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1880:Robert Graetz
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1870:Golden Frinks
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1830:Charles Evers
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1780:Vernon Dahmer
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1735:Septima Clark
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1655:Bruce Boynton
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1580:James Baldwin
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1550:Mathew Ahmann
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1447:Youth Council
1445:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1332:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1038:Freedom Rides
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
956:
954:
950:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
917:
916:
912:
911:
910:
907:
905:
902:
897:
893:
892:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
874:
873:
869:
868:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
856:
852:
848:
847:
843:
841:
840:
836:
834:
833:
829:
827:
826:
822:
821:
820:
819:
815:
814:
812:
808:
802:
799:
796:
795:
791:
788:
787:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
767:
765:
763:Prior to 1954
761:
758:
755:
748:
743:
736:
731:
729:
724:
722:
717:
716:
713:
696:
692:
688:
682:
679:
676:
672:
668:
665:
659:
656:
644:
640:
636:
630:
627:
623:
619:
616:
611:
608:
603:
597:
594:. McFarland.
593:
592:
584:
582:
580:
576:
565:
561:
555:
552:
548:
544:
540:
537:
533:
527:
525:
521:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
489:
487:
485:
483:
479:
468:
464:
458:
455:
450:
448:9781496816368
444:
440:
439:
431:
428:
422:
420:
418:
410:
408:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
378:
376:
374:
370:
362:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
337:mock election
335:, was a 1963
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
305:
302:
300:
299:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
282:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
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27:Mock election
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3068:David Garrow
3048:John Dittmer
2919:
2846:Brown Chapel
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2761:
2718:
2570:Andrew Young
2525:A. T. Walden
2520:C. T. Vivian
2480:Maxine Smith
2315:Homer Plessy
2295:James Orange
2250:Irene Morgan
2205:William Ming
2185:Ralph McGill
2120:Viola Liuzzo
2105:Jim Letherer
2090:James Lawson
2020:Vernon Johns
2010:Esau Jenkins
1965:Myles Horton
1915:Fred Hampton
1905:Prathia Hall
1895:Dick Gregory
1865:Marie Foster
1860:James Forman
1850:James Farmer
1835:Medgar Evers
1795:Angela Davis
1730:Ramsey Clark
1710:James Chaney
1705:Johnnie Carr
1685:Ralph Bunche
1680:H. Rap Brown
1670:Ruby Bridges
1630:Joanne Bland
1605:Claude Black
1585:Marion Barry
1555:Muhammad Ali
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1054:
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938:Kissing Case
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699:. Retrieved
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567:. Retrieved
563:
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470:. Retrieved
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379:Freedom Vote
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159:Freedom Vote
158:
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89:Creation of
88:
38:Part of the
33:Freedom Vote
3088:Doug McAdam
3058:Chuck Fager
2685:Nonviolence
2590:James Zwerg
2585:Bob Zellner
2545:Roy Wilkins
2495:Hank Thomas
2430:Pete Seeger
2425:Bobby Seale
2290:Jack O'Dell
2285:Edgar Nixon
2215:Amzie Moore
2210:Jack Minnis
2150:Mae Mallory
2135:Clara Luper
2095:Bernard Lee
1985:Cecil Ivory
1980:Ruby Hurley
1950:Oliver Hill
1945:Aaron Henry
1845:Chuck Fager
1805:Dave Dennis
1695:Guy Carawan
1635:Julian Bond
1600:James Bevel
1590:Daisy Bates
861:Emmett Till
744:(1954–1968)
393:Aaron Henry
341:Mississippi
139:Mississippi
84:Resulted in
70:Mississippi
3151:Categories
3031:historians
2712:Satyagraha
2678:Influences
2370:James Reeb
2305:James Peck
2300:Rosa Parks
2270:Diane Nash
2140:Danny Lyon
2115:John Lewis
2060:A. D. King
1960:James Hood
1575:Ella Baker
1545:Zev Aelony
701:2019-05-27
649:2019-05-27
569:2019-06-10
472:2019-06-19
423:References
397:Edwin King
363:Background
343:to combat
2690:Padayatra
2639:"Kumbaya"
2599:By region
2255:Bob Moses
2160:Bob Mants
2145:Malcolm X
2065:C.B. King
1885:Fred Gray
1528:Activists
1169:1964–1968
952:1960–1963
810:1954–1959
331:, or the
76:Caused by
2620:Movement
2050:Tom Kahn
1334:Activist
754:timeline
695:Archived
667:Archived
643:Archived
618:Archived
539:Archived
369:poll tax
359:(MFDP).
66:Location
2745:Related
2335:Al Raby
1290:funeral
1153:Big Six
673:(PDF).
515:2208903
391:leader
2931:Legacy
2707:Ahimsa
1336:groups
797:(1950)
789:(1950)
750:Events
598:
513:
445:
411:Impact
3029:Noted
2622:songs
1442:NAACP
1295:riots
511:JSTOR
389:NAACP
596:ISBN
536:here
443:ISBN
315:The
61:1963
58:Date
503:doi
137:in
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