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1964 Rosais earthquake

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527:. After 13 December, seismographs in the observatory in Horta registered earthquake swarms linked to a volcanic eruption that continued until January 1964, related initially with Capelinhos. There was a lull after December. On 29 January and 1 February 1964, two submarine cables with the São Jorge Channel were cut. On 14 February volcanic tremors began to be felt, but just as the populace had assumed that the swarm had ended, on 15 February 1964, around 7:00 a.m., the tremors resumed with a violent earthquake (VII-VIII on the Mercalli intensity scale, recorded in the village of Terreiros), that resulted in destruction of homes. Following this earthquake, within the next 24 hours, more than 179 tremors were felt (some reaching VI-VII on the Mercalli intensity scale) and 125 in the following day, before diminishing. 535:) on the Mercalli intensity scale, causing panic and flight of citizenry to the town of Velas: the earthquake affected the areas of Urzelina, Manadas, Santo António and Norte Grande, intensifying until 18 February. On 18 February, the epicenters migrated to the northwest in the direction of the coast of Rosais, with the most intense tremors in the areas of Rosais, Beira, Velas, Santo Amaro, Manadas, Santo António and Norte Grande. A few reached level VIII in Velas and Rosais, where many of the homes were destroyed or became uninhabitable. After 18 February, low intensity earthquake swarms continued in the interior, with the largest hardly felt in Calheta or Topo. 565:) in Topo. The more intense phase terminated on 24 February, at 8:45 p.m. After this event the tremors began to decrease in intensity and frequency, and few were registered in the western part of island. The earthquakes varied: epicenters in the centre of the island were situated approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) in depth; and others, near Velas, were located 10–20 kilometres (6.2–12.4 mi) in depth. Similarly, the more violent tremors were felt in the islands near São Jorge. In total there were more than 500 aftershocks, with the event terminating on 25 February. 499:
bisected by a fault that extends from the promontory of Rosais to just north of Calheta (in the southeast). The Rosais promontory, at a height of 250–400 metres (820–1,310 ft) above sea level, an area dominated by an area of scoria cones, the highest being Monte Trigo at 503 metres (1,650 ft) altitude. A final group of fractures aligned to scoria cones northwest of Velas: to the southeast there are faults towards Pico do Carvão, while to the northeast of Velas are fractures responsible for the submarine eruption in 1964.
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lack of information, the constant tremors and poor weather conditions contributed to a general feeling of impending disaster among the citizenry. The stormy weather continued along the week. As a result of the first days earthquakes, there was significant destruction in the town of Velas and surrounding hamlets. Approximately 400 homes were destroyed, with many of the buildings requiring repairs (about 250 in total). The number of dwellings that were damaged exceeded 900.
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flows in three areas northwest to southeast: along the Ribeira da Almeida, in Queimada (south of Santo Amaro) and between Ribeira do Nabo and the beach of Cruzes (west of Urzelina). The second eruption (1808) resulted in andesite-basaltic lava flows in the southwest of Pico do Pedro, that extended to Urzelina.
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Logically, the earthquakes presupposed a submarine volcanic eruption; the smell of sulphur was observed on 18, 19 and 20 February in the town of Velas, and later in Rosais, Beira, Santo Amaro and Norte Grande, and carried on the wind toward the southwest. Yet, the stormy weather made it impossible to
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About 5,000 people abandoned the area affected by the earthquakes, most heading for Calheta; 1000 escaped over the São Jorge-Pico Channel. Coincidentally, after 15 February 1964, a storm had begun, and weather hampered the rescue operations, contributing to a feeling of panic among the populace. With
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São Jorge has had a history of tectonic movements associated with the submarine fractures between the island and Pico. The most violent of these events occurred on the night of 9 July 1757, with its epicenter in Fajã dos Vimes. This event resulted in landslides, opening fractures and resulting in the
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Lack of planning and excavation equipment, meant that many of the peoples fleeing their homes, leaving the possessions and abandoning their domestic animals. Even as many returned to their homes immediately following the events, many others remained on the island of Terceira, causing social problems
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In the first three days, the epicentre was situated in the middle of São Jorge, in the proximity of historical eruptions in Urzelina and Manadas. In the beginning, the epicenter was located in Pico do Cabeço and Pico de Maria Pires, between Urzelina and Toledo, but later extended to the area of Pico
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The lack of funds/resources during the reconstruction meant that emigration was the only exit strategy for many Jorgenses. With social and economic upheaval, particularly after the Capelinhos volcanic eruption, this was the only solution available: resulting in emigration to the United States, even
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The evacuation was extremely troubling, given the persistent storms and waves along the channel between the islands, where waves reached 5 metres (16 ft), and where ships and ports had limited capacity to transport the evacuees. A majority of the evacuees were transported onboard international
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The northwest portion of the island is the most modern, consisting of basalt and intermediary rock (andesites) of the Rosais Volcanic Complex. This region was also covered swaths of the Manadas complex and debris from the 1580 and 1808 volcanic eruptions. The first eruption (1580) resulted in lava
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On 17 February, the municipal council of Velas, under the direction of president Duarte Sá, authorized the analysis of relief efforts, and deliberate the creation of a Central Commission, consisting of the president and vice-president, but also aldermen António Cristiano da Silveira and Manuel da
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The São Jorge-Pico Channel that separates the islands of Pico and São Jorge is divided by fractures and faults extending north-northwest to south-southwest. The northernmost group of faults on the island of São Jorge extend from Cerrado das Almas to the peak of Loiçano. But, the island is almost
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On 21 August 1963, tremors were felt in the central group of the Azorean archipelago, including in the epicenter located in the Pico-São Jorge Channel. This event resulted in damage to an area 100 kilometres (62 mi) around Cais do Pico, while the tremors reached an intensity of V-VI on the
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In this context, with the active support of the State, the colony of Cela was established in Angola, essentially populated by homeless Jorgenses. Ironically, the independence drive, these colonists were left homeless and returned to continental Portugal, or ultimately to the United States.
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The island of São Jorge is divided into two tectonic regions by tectonic fractures oriented north-northwest to south-southeast, located along an axis between Norte Pequeno and Calheta (the Ribeira Seca fault).
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American forces stationed on Terceira (at Lajes Airfield) provided tents and relief equipment, including communications equipment and aerial surveillance. By the late 20th century, there were still
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The February 1964 event was a phenomenon related to a submarine volcanic eruption 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) west-northwest of the village of Velas, 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) below sea level.
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occurring in February 1964, leading to two major earthquakes on 15 and 21 February, resulting in the destruction of most of the habitable dwellings on the western part of the island of
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The national government adopted measures to begin the reconstruction, that culminated in Decree-Law 45/685, on 27 April 1964], which authorized several measures to assist homeless.
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Owing to the general panic and lack of help, 5,000 people were evacuated to the islands of Terceira, Pico and Faial, and were lodged in local homes, in an act of solidarity.
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see evidence. Meanwhile, a ship crossing the channel observed the presence of white caps on the surface of the water, indicating, possibly that there was a small eruption.
698:, functions in each parish, chief by the clergy, with the objective of supporting directly the people of each parish, establishing contact with the Central Commission. 885: 676:, that included Health delegate and the Provedor of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia, who were responsible for assisting people requiring medial attention; 663:, that included the commandants of the police and fiscal guard, whose function was to obtain and coordinate the transport necessary to handle operations; 187: 541:
On 21 February, between 5:14 p.m. and 5:25 p.m. three strong earthquakes destroyed the homes in Rosais, and caused damage to dwellings in
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The Central Commission, later became a dependency of the Civil Governor, resulting in the creation of various sub-commissions, responsible for:
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of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be
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and preoccupying locals. Many of the evacuees returned to the island onboard smaller yachts or ships from Pico (including the historic ships
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destruction of dwellings in Manadas (killing one fifth of the population, 1000 people).
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as the Estado Novo regime tried to direct emigration to the African colonies.
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Social-Medical Assistance Commission (Comissão de Assistência Médico-Social)
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A great number of tremors were noted that anticipated the next earthquake.
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cargo containers, including specifically the English flag-carrier
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Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing
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História das quatro ilhas que formam o distrito da Horta
198: 443: 410: 373: 365: 350: 339: 328: 315: 515:Mercalli intensity scale affected the parishes of 848:G. Zbyszewski and T. Pacheco da Rosa (1977), p.40 770:G. Zbyszewski and T. Pacheco da Rosa (1977), p.38 750:G. Zbyszewski and T. Pacheco da Rosa (1977), p.37 661:Transport Commission (Comissão de Transportes) 531:da Esperança. The tremors reached a level VI ( 303: 895:Os Simos de 1964 na Ilha de S. Jorge (Açores) 8: 893:Zbyszewski, G.; Pacheco da Rosa, T. (1977), 286: 203:introducing citations to additional sources 50:Learn how and when to remove these messages 937:Earthquake clusters, swarms, and sequences 884:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 696:Parish Commission (Comissões de Freguesia) 285: 874:(in Portuguese), Horta (Azores), Portugal 272:Learn how and when to remove this message 159:Learn how and when to remove this message 844: 842: 840: 838: 836: 834: 832: 830: 828: 826: 824: 822: 820: 818: 816: 814: 193:Relevant discussion may be found on the 812: 810: 808: 806: 804: 802: 800: 798: 796: 794: 766: 764: 762: 760: 758: 756: 746: 744: 742: 740: 738: 734: 626:(metallic semi-circular huts/dwellings) 877: 7: 545:, Serroa, Beira and the village of 14: 719:List of earthquakes in the Azores 31:This article has multiple issues. 922:Decree-Law 45/687, 27 April 1964 917:Decree-law 45/685, 27 April 1964 302: 295: 186:relies largely or entirely on a 175: 61: 20: 714:List of earthquakes in Portugal 411: 74:notability guideline for events 72:may not meet Knowledge (XXG)'s 39:or discuss these issues on the 557:) in Urzelina and Manadas, V ( 1: 549:. The shocks attained VIII ( 473:, in the archipelago of the 709:List of earthquakes in 1964 687:Communications Commission ( 973: 465:) was a series of seismic 354:15 February 1964 81:reliable secondary sources 70:The topic of this article 666:Installation Commission ( 291: 689:Comissão de Comunicações 681:Comissão de Assistência) 463:Crise sísmica dos Rosais 214:"1964 Rosais earthquake" 108:"1964 Rosais earthquake" 942:Earthquakes in Portugal 911:A crise sísmica de 1964 870:Macedo, A.L.S. (1871), 679:Assistance Commission ( 668:Comissão de Instalação) 607:) and the cargo vessel 616:Teotónio Machado Pires 462: 455:1964 Rosais earthquake 287:1964 Rosais earthquake 947:History of the Azores 614:The Civil Governor, 199:improve this article 909:São Jorge Digital: 861:Borges, J. (1883), 653:Silva Bettencourt. 391: /  288: 76: 451: 450: 282: 281: 274: 264: 263: 249: 169: 168: 161: 143: 71: 54: 964: 957:1964 earthquakes 952:1964 in Portugal 898: 889: 883: 875: 866: 849: 846: 789: 786: 780: 777: 771: 768: 751: 748: 692: 627: 439: 437: 427: 425: 413: 406: 405: 403: 402: 401: 396: 392: 389: 388: 387: 384: 361: 359: 324: 306: 305: 299: 289: 277: 270: 259: 256: 250: 248: 207: 179: 171: 164: 157: 153: 150: 144: 142: 101: 65: 64: 57: 46: 24: 23: 16: 972: 971: 967: 966: 965: 963: 962: 961: 927: 926: 905: 892: 876: 869: 860: 852: 847: 792: 787: 783: 778: 774: 769: 754: 749: 736: 727: 705: 686: 650: 637: 622: 579: 509: 488: 483: 431: 429: 419: 417: 399: 397: 393: 390: 385: 382: 380: 378: 377: 366:Local time 357: 355: 351:Local date 322: 311: 310: 309: 308: 307: 278: 267: 266: 265: 260: 254: 251: 208: 206: 192: 180: 165: 154: 148: 145: 102: 100: 78: 66: 62: 25: 21: 12: 11: 5: 970: 968: 960: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 929: 928: 925: 924: 919: 914: 904: 903:External links 901: 900: 899: 890: 867: 857: 856: 851: 850: 790: 781: 772: 752: 733: 732: 731: 726: 723: 722: 721: 716: 711: 704: 701: 700: 699: 693: 684: 677: 671: 664: 649: 646: 636: 633: 599:Espírito Santo 578: 577:Relief efforts 575: 508: 505: 487: 484: 482: 479: 449: 448: 445: 441: 440: 415: 408: 407: 375: 371: 370: 367: 363: 362: 352: 348: 347: 344: 337: 336: 333: 326: 325: 320: 313: 312: 301: 300: 294: 293: 292: 280: 279: 262: 261: 197:. 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1964 Rosais earthquake is located in Azores
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