519:
by 1965, Mulla
Mustafa turned against his former military allies and KDP-I supporters and came to an agreement with the Shah, that called for him to "restrain" KDP-I activities against the Iranian government. Mullah Mustafa went further, "subordinating the struggle in Iran to that in Iraq" and "warning that KDP-Iran militants would not be tolerated in Iraqi Kurdistan". The result of this was that the conservative leadership of the KDP-Iran was ousted and new, mostly former Iranian Tudeh (Communist) Party leaders took over the party's leadership. They formed a Revolutionary Committee and declared their support for sporadic peasant uprisings against the National Police around Mahabad and Urumiya. Lacking a significant social base, this new leadership was quickly crushed: even though the KDPI's forces managed to inflict serious losses on the Iranian army, they failed due to lack of logistical support. Within months, eight of the eleven members of the Revolutionary Committee had been murdered by Iranian soldiers, and the movement lasted less than eighteen months. Over 40 KDPI party members were killed and their bodies handed over by Mullah Mustafa's men to the Iranian authorities.
251:
241:
225:
206:
189:
173:
128:
537:. From March 1970, a new "Provisional Central Committee" began to prepare a new part program, approved at the third KDPI party conference in Baghdad in June 1971. During the third conference a new party secretary-general was elected – Abd al-Rahman Qasimlu. Under his guidance, the Third Congress in 1973 adopted the slogan "Democracy for Iran, autonomy for Kurdistan", committing for the armed struggle. Over the next years, KDPI found itself in-line with other opponents of the government, cooperating with some of the Marxist as well as Islamic parties.
149:
95:
199:
506:
exiles in Iraq. The party's urban supporters essentially disappeared into obscurity and, for the next 15 years, there was virtually no
Kurdish political activity. The absence of a local Kurdish armed force in Iran, and of a large urban population ready to be mobilized against the central government, left Iranian Kurds waiting for an external shock to provide an opportunity, much as the Second World War had.
107:
496:
By 1941, when Reza Shah was deposed by the occupying
British, his government had had some success in "pacifying" Kurdish tribes. In 1943, an important Kurdish party was established in Iran – the Committee of Kurdish Youth (Komala-i-Zhian-i-Kurd) – and in 1945 the movement transformed into the Kurdish
518:
in neighboring Iraq in 1961. When the 1958–1961 rapprochement in Iraq collapsed, the KDP-Iran supported Iraqi Kurds; in the process, the leadership and subsequent social orientation of both Iran's and Iraq's
Kurdish Democratic Parties turned conservative. Facing a newly consolidated Iraqi government
505:
in
Iranian Kurdistan. The attempt failed, with the military victory of the Iranian forces and the Republic was abolished, with its leaders executed. Some 1,000 died during the crisis. In the aftermath of Mahabad's collapse, the KDP-I "effectively ceased to exist", with an exception of a handful of
540:
The game changed with the
Islamic Revolution of 1979, which failed to provide the Kurdish demands for autonomy, but on the contrary faced those with an even harsher bitterness than the previous monarch regime. The conflict between the new Iranian government and the KDPI and its allies gradually
556:
by the KDPI took place in
Iranian Kurdistan, due to the assassination of its exiled leader Ghassemlou in July 1989 by Iranian negotiators. The KDPI insurrection ended in 1996, when the KDPI announced a unilateral cease fire, having been subdued by targeted assassinations of its leaders and a
557:
crackdown on its supporters in Iran. Since the
Iranian elections on 1997, a more moderate government eased the crackdown on KDPI as well. KDPI has retained a low level political activity in exile through the late 1990s and early 2000s, signing a cooperation agreement with Komala in 2012.
691:...these Kurdish Democrats raised the slogan "Democracy for Iran, Autonomy for Kurdistan," and called for an armed struggle to establish a federal republic modeled after that of Yugoslavia on the grounds that Iran, like Yugoslavia, contained many diverse nations.
497:
Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI). Both parties challenged the central
Iranian government after World War II.The separatist conflict escalated in 1945, fuelled by Soviet Union support to the Kurds, and eventually leading to the
306:
422:
299:
488:. The 1967 revolt, coordinated into a semi-organized campaign in the Mahabad-Urumiya region by the revived KDPI party, was entirely subdued by the central Iranian government.
739:
292:
427:
576:
771:
412:
649:
545:
was led by the KDPI and its allies in
Iranian Kurdistan, becoming the most violent uprising against the new Iranian government, following the
676:
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132:
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820:
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481:
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392:
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850:
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of February 1979. The Kurdish rebellion was defeated in December 1982, with 10,000 killed and 200,000 displaced.
533:
The surviving KDPI elements re-consolidated following the defeat, with bitterness against the betrayal of Mullah
453:
28:
648:
University of Arkansas. Political Science department. Iran/Kurds (1943-present). Retrieved 09 September 2012.
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255:
402:
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156:
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476:. The revolt, consolidating several tribal uprisings which had begun in 1966, was inspired by the
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351:
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59:
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Though defeated, the KDPI turned to open fighting once again between 1989 and 1996, as an
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99:
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The shock for the Iranian Kurdish national movement came with the eruption of the
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284:
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461:
723:.P.10. "The Kurds of Iran: Opportunistic and Failed Resistance, 1918-".
457:
153:
210:
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escalated, until reaching a point of no-return in March 1979. The
465:
110:
735:
The Kurdish Warrior Tradition and the Importance of the Peshmerga
721:
Land and Rebellion: Kurdish Separatism in Comparative Perspective
501:, which included an attempt of KDPI to establish the independent
469:
148:
106:
94:
288:
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in neighboring Iraq and enjoyed the support of the recovering
452:) erupted in March 1967, as part of the long-running
423:September–October 2022 attacks on Iraqi Kurdistan
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8:
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577:List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
510:Revival of KDPI and Kurdish battle of 1967
307:
293:
285:
18:
75:KDPI retreats into underground until 1979
460:insurgency with the aim of establishing
595:
456:. Abrahamian describes the revolt as a
770:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
763:
270:Eight leaders assassinated or executed
7:
449:
118:Revolutionary Committee leadership:
605:Kurdish Politics in the Middle East
418:2018 Democrat Castle missile strike
801:. Third Edition 2007. p. 252–253.
14:
484:, previously crushed during the
482:Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran
249:
239:
223:
204:
197:
187:
171:
147:
126:
105:
93:
799:The modern history of the Kurds
529:1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran
413:2016–present West Iran clashes
398:February 1999 Kurdish protests
1:
665:Iran Between Two Revolutions
442:1967 Kurdish revolt in Iran
71:Kurdish revolt suppressed:
22:1967 Kurdish revolt in Iran
867:
821:Kurdish rebellions in Iran
669:Princeton University Press
526:
319:Kurdish separatism in Iran
667:. Princeton, New Jersey:
328:
276:
261:
229:Ismail Sharif Zadeh
140:
85:
34:
26:
603:Entessar, Nader (2010).
454:Iranian-Kurdish conflict
450:شۆڕشی کورد لە ئێران ١٩٦٧
29:Iranian-Kurdish conflict
16:Iranian-Kurdish conflict
516:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
478:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
256:Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou
44:(according to Entessar)
581:Battle of Nalos (1947)
141:Commanders and leaders
100:Imperial State of Iran
543:outbreaking rebellion
262:Casualties and losses
177:Abd Allah Muini
503:Republic of Mahabad
499:Iran crisis of 1946
364:Republic of Mahabad
752:on 29 October 2013
661:Abrahamian, Ervand
547:Islamic Revolution
49:(according to UOA)
851:Conflicts in 1968
846:Conflicts in 1967
841:Conflicts in 1966
678:978-0-691-05342-4
618:978-0-7391-4039-0
585:Battle of Qahrawa
567:Iranian Kurdistan
437:
436:
428:2024 Erbil attack
403:PJAK insurrection
283:
282:
278:Total: 108 killed
272:40+ killed by KDP
122:Kurdish tribesmen
81:
80:
60:Iranian Kurdistan
50:
45:
858:
804:
795:
776:
775:
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745:. Archived from
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732:
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719:Benjamin Smith.
717:
694:
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486:1946 Iran crisis
474:federal republic
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740:"Archived copy"
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679:
671:. p. 453.
659:
658:
654:
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634:
619:
609:Lexington Books
602:
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563:
531:
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472:, modeled as a
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393:KDPI insurgency
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777:
727:
695:
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611:. p. 50.
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592:
589:
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582:
579:
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572:Kurdish people
569:
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527:Main article:
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446:Sorani Kurdish
435:
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388:1979 rebellion
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194:Sulayman Muini
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836:1966 in Iran
831:1968 in Iran
826:1967 in Iran
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798:
754:. Retrieved
747:the original
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554:insurrection
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382:1979–present
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347:Jafar Sultan
331:
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245:Qadir Sharif
232:
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169:
163:Shah of Iran
157:Reza Pahlavi
117:
91:
86:Belligerents
70:
737:. p.27-28.
376:1967 revolt
369:1946 crisis
352:Hama Rashid
213:Aware
815:Categories
797:McDowall.
756:16 October
607:. Lanham:
591:References
492:Background
627:430736528
523:Aftermath
358:1945–1979
342:2nd Simko
337:1st Simko
332:1918–1945
47:1966–1967
42:1967–1968
766:cite web
663:(1982).
561:See also
462:autonomy
55:Location
27:Part of
687:7975938
535:Mustafa
458:Marxist
233:†
217:†
181:†
685:
675:
625:
615:
211:Mullah
196:
67:Result
750:(PDF)
743:(PDF)
466:Kurds
154:Mshl.
133:KDP-I
111:SAVAK
772:link
758:2014
683:OCLC
673:ISBN
623:OCLC
613:ISBN
470:Iran
464:for
440:The
39:Date
468:in
267:50+
817::
780:^
768:}}
764:{{
698:^
689:.
681:.
635:^
621:.
448::
774:)
760:.
629:.
444:(
308:e
301:t
294:v
165:)
161:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
