282:
Odivelas (20 killed, 30 injured, 100 homeless), other areas were repopulated and have since expanded closer to the river banks. New neighborhoods, such as the Bairro do Vale do Forno, have since been constructed near the river banks. In effect, many areas, at least in the
Odivelas area, still had high risk for flash floods as of 2005, but the local population does not consider their personal risk to be high (58%) and do not have insurance that would protect them in case of a flood (82%).
125:
29:
144:, but intense rain (>75mm) affected a large area in an axis of South West to North East orientation from Lisbon to the border with Spain. Most of the rain poured in a five-hour interval, between 7 p.m. and midnight. Another factor that increased the impact of the flood that followed was the high tide, which was highest between 6 p.m. and 1 am.
206:, among others, would offer relief to the victims by providing shelter, medicine, food, etc. A firefighter of Odivelas reports that some people were sheltered in the local fire department for more than a month. Almost 6.000 students were involved in disaster relief. The students created a Central Coordinating Commission in
258:" we wouldn't say: it was the floods, it was the rain. Perhaps it is fairer to say: it was misery, misery that our society did not neutralize, that caused the majority of deaths. Even in death it is sad to be miserable. Especially when you die for being miserable." – Comércio do Funchal, nº 1963, 1967.
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the extent of the tragedy by not allowing television to display images of the dead and downplaying the causality numbers newspaper reported. In 26 November 1967, Diário de Lisboa's front page reported more than 200 dead, while Diário de Notícias in 29 November reported 427 dead before the censorship
281:
Since 1967, there were only two other years with comparable events of intense precipitation: 1983 and 2008, but none led to as many deaths or evacuated people as the 1967 floods. While some of the most affected areas were not repopulated after 1969, such as the Santa Cruz da
Urmeira neighborhood in
210:'s student association that was in charge of coordinating the students' relief efforts. The students would write their experiences and reflections through some outlets that were already established, such as the Comércio do Funchal, and some new, such as the Solidariedade Estudantil. Students of the
174:
margins. The mud dragged away many bodies, so it was difficult to estimate casualties. The official death toll was 495 deaths, unofficial estimates are of at least 700 deaths. Based on available sources (such as newspapers), there were 2045 people registered as being directly affected by the flood:
238:
did not allow further public tallies. Some journal editors would also self-censor information they thought could led the whole text to be rejected. In 29 November, the local censorship delegations received instructions to remove all references to the students' relief efforts.
266:(then an illegal party) and student publications, would focus on social factors as the main cause. For example, the Solidariedade Estudantil bulletin would point out that the peak of the rain had occurred in Estoril, while most deaths would occur in the Lisbon slums.
104:, Alenquer River, and Grande da Pipa River, all with basin areas ranging from 100 to 300km²). Yet, their natural characteristics (slope, low permeable formations, etc.) enable them to generate flash floods, a risk that some of the affected areas still had in 2005.
253:" only the violence of the phenomenon of exceptional character, registered in the dramatic hours of the night of 25 to 26 of November, can fully explain the greatness of the damages caused." – Ministry of the Interior's note on Diário de Lisboa, 1967.
115:
towards the main cities of
Portugal, particularly the Lisbon metropolitan area. Some of these newcomers, lacking money, would build their houses illegally, occupying plains prone to flooding and river banks.
155:
to rise 3 to 4 meters, flooding many houses up to level of their first floor. The flood dragged a lot of debris, namely stones and mud, but also wood, tiles and metal from houses and people's belongings.
80:, affecting a total of 14 municipalities. It was the deadliest flood recorded in Portugal, with 500-700 deaths, more than half of all similar-cause fatalities in 100 years. It was also the deadliest
183:
and almost one fifth of the registered dead lived in a small village called "Aldeia de
Quintas" (100 dead). Furthermore, the river destroyed two bridges, one in Odivelas, the other in Trancão.
136:
During the night of 25 November 1967, heavy rain poured down. The rain was most intense (>120 mm) in the metropolitan area of Lisbon, particularly in a 60km line between
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Newspapers closer to the regime would frame the catastrophe as unpredictable and would focus on the wave of grief and solidarity that followed. Others, namely the
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522 dead, 330 injured, 885 who lost their home, 307 who were evacuated and one missing person. Most of the dead were originally from rural areas, namely
706:
650:
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Trigo, Ricardo M.; Ramos, Catarina; Pereira, Susana S.; Ramos, Alexandre M.; Zêzere, José L.; Liberato, Margarida L. R. (1 October 2016).
271:
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595:"Cardina, Miguel, A tradição da contestação. Resistência estudantil em Coimbra no marcelismo. Coimbra, Angelus Novus, 2008"
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249:
Edouard
Khavessian about a newspiece regarding student protests against the way the government dealt with the tragedy.
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218:(with medical support) also helped. These floods are considered by some as a pivotal moment that would lead to the
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Newspaper "O Século
Ilustrado" cover in 2 December 1967. The title reads: "The night in which rain killed."
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398:"The deadliest storm of the 20th century striking Portugal: Flood impacts and atmospheric circulation"
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226:. Despite this, the event is not frequently evoked and the academic literature focuses mostly on the
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affected by the flood were small (17 with basin areas smaller than 40km²) or medium-sized (
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outbreak potentially followed the flood, but the number of infected people is not known.
452:"Cheias rápidas em áreas urbanas e sua percepção: O caso da bacia da ribeira de Odivelas"
413:
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Duarte, Andreia; Borges, Bruno; Ramos, Catarina; Pedro, Pedro; Pancada, Raquel (2005).
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Costa, Francisco da Silva; Cardina, Miguel; Vieira, António
Avelino Batista (2016).
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The flood took most people by surprise as they were home or already sleeping and no
577:"Inundações na região de Lisboa (1967): Um olhar sobre o impacto político e social"
475:"As inundações de 1967 na região de Lisboa. Uma catástrofe com diferentes leituras"
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Processos participativos BIP/ZIP: estratégia ou modelo de desenvolvimento local?
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404:. Flash floods, hydro-geomorphic response and risk management.
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system existed at the time. Its negative effects were worse in
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Costa, Francisco; Cardina, Miguel; Vieira, António (2014).
132:, one of the three largest rivers involved in the flood.
668:"Ambiente e políticas ambientais:escalas e desajustes"
54:
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339:"Cheias de 67 foram rastilho para revolução de 74"
270:, soon after the floods, appeared on national TV (
274:) establishing a direct link between the lack of
343:Cheias de 67 foram rastilho para revolução de 74
620:Sebastião, Sofia Pimentel (1 November 2017).
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72:that took place in 25 and 26 November 1967,
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639:"Jornalismo: uma profissão em mudança"
524:"Bombeiros recordam as cheias de 1967"
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147:The rain led the water levels of the
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643:Mundos sociais: Saberes e prácticas
593:Oliveira, Luísa (1 October 2010).
278:and the dimension of the tragedy.
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1:
707:Natural disasters in Portugal
422:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.10.036
488:10.5354/0719-5370.2016.41749
233:The government attempted to
16:Natural disaster in Portugal
479:Investigaciones Geográficas
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264:Portuguese Communist Party
244:United Press International
208:Instituto Superior Técnico
151:river near Lisbon and its
68:(the "great floods") were
107:Extreme poverty and high
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637:Andringa, Diana (2008).
292:List of deadliest floods
198:Firefighters, soldiers,
78:Lisbon metropolitan area
50:Lisbon Metropolitan Area
220:Academic Crisis of 1969
214:(with fundraising) and
42:25 and 26 November 1967
702:Estado Novo (Portugal)
697:1960s floods in Europe
687:1967 natural disasters
601:(in Portuguese) (59).
268:Gonçalo Ribeiro Telles
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242:would interrogate the
230:aspects of the event.
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86:1755 Lisbon earthquake
84:in Portugal since the
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216:University of Coimbra
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402:Journal of Hydrology
307:Carnation Revolution
224:Carnation Revolution
200:student associations
66:1967 Portugal floods
22:1967 Portugal floods
414:2016JHyd..541..597T
212:University of Porto
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652:978-972-95945-4-0
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128:Mouth of the
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111:had led to a
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531:. Retrieved
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346:. Retrieved
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113:rural flight
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98:river basins
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70:flash floods
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498:10316/35301
408:: 597–610.
302:Estado Novo
297:Flash flood
170:and in the
161:flood alert
153:tributaries
109:birth rates
681:Categories
313:References
92:Background
626:(Thesis).
607:0870-6182
507:0719-5370
430:0022-1694
204:Red Cross
194:Aftermath
168:riverside
76:, in the
286:See also
222:and the
202:and the
181:Alentejo
165:Odivelas
142:Alenquer
74:Portugal
58:500-700+
47:Location
645:: 299.
533:14 July
410:Bibcode
348:13 July
138:Estoril
649:
605:
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428:
235:censor
55:Deaths
580:(PDF)
455:(PDF)
177:North
149:Tagus
647:ISBN
603:ISSN
535:2020
503:ISSN
426:ISSN
350:2020
240:PIDE
179:and
140:and
64:The
39:Date
493:hdl
483:doi
418:doi
406:541
272:RTP
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186:A
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