3221:, helping Massell win 90 percent of Atlanta's black vote. Massell was the first Atlanta mayor to receive more votes from black voters than white voters. Shortly after his election, Massell clashed with his vice mayor Maynard Jackson when Jackson tried to handle negotiations during a strike by Atlanta sanitation employees. Jackson was fond of speaking to the local media about racial inequalities within Atlanta's government, but Massell complained that Jackson was "playing to the gallery". In October 1971, Massell gave a speech to Atlanta's black community, exhorting them to "think white" to halt the flight of white Atlantans to the suburbs. With this speech, Massell alienated key members of the black community; his speech was criticized by
204:
26:
81:
3301:
The primary election was held on
October 2, 1973. Jackson received the most votes with 46.4 percent. Massell finished second with 19.9 percent, and Charles Weltner earned 19.1 percent. Harold A. Dye finished with 8.4 percent of the vote and Leroy Johnson finished with 3.9 percent. Since Maynard
3331:
The mayoral runoff election was held between incumbent Mayor Sam
Massell and Maynard Jackson on October 16, 1973. Early returns demonstrated that Jackson was scoring 20 percent in white districts and 95 percent in some black districts. By 11:00 pm, it became clear that Jackson had won, and he
3327:
changed their endorsements to
Jackson. Jackson gave speeches urging racial unity and campaigned for the runoff in black churches. In the days leading up to the runoff, Jackson's staffers called local radio stations and warned that black turnout was expected to be low.
3225:
and alderman Henry Dodson. Meanwhile, the
Atlanta Urban League resisted Maynard Jackson's attempts to gain support for his campaign until he showed them the results of a Cambridge Survey Research poll that demonstrated he could win 54 percent of the total vote.
3189:
The 1973 election saw a rise in the influence of
African-American politicians in Atlanta. Five new black City Council members were added to create a 9–9 split, while two black women were elected to the Atlanta Board of Education for a 5-4 black majority.
1863:
1798:
1868:
3302:
Jackson finished 3,500 votes under the majority required for a win, he faced
Massell in a runoff election. Jackson received over 80 percent of the black vote in the primary; he received less than 5 percent of the white vote.
1780:
3154:
In the primary election that preceded the general election, Jackson finished first with 46.4 percent of the vote. Massell finished second with 19.9 percent, followed closely by former United States
Representative
3310:
For the runoff election, Massell changed his slogan to "Atlanta's Too Young to Die" and ran a series of print and television ads depicting
Atlanta under Maynard Jackson as a barren wasteland. He also appeared on
3122:
1808:
1873:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1803:
1793:
3833:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1128:
1038:
1033:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
3847:
3897:
3854:
3840:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2095:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2100:
2090:
2085:
2071:
2066:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
3171:
community leader
William Ogle, attorney John Genins, Betty Morrison, Ernest Moschella and write-in candidate Howard Tucker. Jackson then defeated incumbent Mayor Sam Massell in a runoff election.
1772:
229:
3997:
3115:
3765:
3319:
as racists. Massell ran a second ad campaign, naming himself as "Atlanta's
Greatest Black Leader" who "Doesn't Happen To Be Black". As a result of Massell's campaigning tactics, the
3795:
3186:
in a runoff election. In the primary election, Fowler and Williams finished first and second, respectively, followed by former Alderman Wade Mitchell and Rector Robert B. Hunter.
3822:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1636:
1570:
1483:
3267:
Leroy Johnson initially intended to support Jackson's candidacy, but he changed his mind and announced his intentions to run for mayor himself in March 1973. He was endorsed by
1002:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
3108:
4006:
3957:
3885:
3168:
3333:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2767:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
752:
617:
4040:
3917:
1017:
1012:
1007:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
4030:
3809:
1787:
601:
596:
591:
581:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2497:
2362:
2337:
3159:
with 19.1 percent. Former State of Georgia Department of Industry and Trade Deputy Commissioner Harold A. Dye finished with 8.4 percent and State Senator
3865:
3788:
2665:
2660:
2132:
3164:
575:
536:
213:
2108:
2079:
2060:
2031:
1997:
1968:
1944:
1915:
1881:
74:
3875:
2694:
2689:
2684:
4035:
3907:
3781:
3880:
3973:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
3214:
3160:
2899:
2885:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2713:
2167:
3965:
3949:
2777:
2772:
195:
3981:
3269:
2757:
586:
179:
164:
3989:
3933:
2818:
2223:
3677:
3640:
3603:
3566:
3534:
3090:
3057:
3052:
3047:
2909:
2606:
3693:
3941:
3732:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
53:
3813:
3805:
2904:
2880:
2723:
2718:
2233:
2228:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
3218:
3213:
had placed third in the preliminary election. The first Jewish mayor of Atlanta, Massell had gained the support of
2650:
2203:
3428:
2674:
2938:
113:
108:
3749:
3741:
3387:
3361:
3285:
3236:
3179:
2703:
3665:
3628:
3591:
3522:
3260:
2242:
3773:
3488:
3281:
3669:
3632:
3595:
3526:
3718:
3449:
3673:
3636:
3599:
3562:
3530:
3163:
finished with 3.9 percent. Other candidates were former Atlanta Police Officer John Chambers,
3074:
3031:
3480:
3336:
ballroom. Jackson received 95 percent of the black vote and 21 percent of the white vote.
3206:
3140:
3757:
3736:
3367:
3235:
Jackson announced his candidacy on March 28, 1973. He set up his campaign headquarters at
3202:
3156:
3144:
175:
92:
3658:
3621:
3584:
3515:
3484:
3316:
3183:
2866:
4024:
3277:
3244:
3240:
3276:
Charles L. Weltner announced his candidacy and received the backing of former mayor
3175:
73:
3147:
was elected as the city's first African-American mayor, defeating incumbent Mayor
3392:
3210:
3198:
3148:
1626:
160:
98:
3726:
3222:
25:
3312:
3767:
Beneath the image of the Civil Rights Movement and race relations: Atlanta
3492:
3468:
2922:
3559:
Beneath the Image of the Civil Rights Movement and Race Relations
3239:. To raise money for his mayoral run, he hosted fundraisers with
3201:
was elected mayor of Atlanta in 1969, defeating Rodney Cook in a
3777:
80:
3174:
In the same election, Atlanta voters elected Alderman
3916:
3896:
3864:
3821:
3657:
3620:
3583:
3514:
3473:Annals of the Association of American Geographers
151:
3789:
3469:"The Election of Black Mayors, 1969 and 1973"
3116:
8:
3315:and labelled Jackson and his political ally
3264:. He ran on the slogan "Win It Again, Sam!".
18:
3255:newspapers supported Jackson's mayoral bid.
3796:
3782:
3774:
3338:
3123:
3109:
3079:
3036:
2927:
2172:
218:
191:
17:
3761:, Witness to War (Search for Harold Dye)
3552:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3467:O'Loughlin, John; Berg, Dale A. (1977).
3456:. Vol. XXX, no. 3. p. 32.
3440:
3332:delivered his acceptance speech at the
3082:
3039:
2946:
2930:
2826:
2810:
2756:
2702:
2673:
2649:
2605:
2241:
2175:
1625:
1025:
609:
527:
221:
194:
4008:
3999:
3959:
3344:
3340:1973 Atlanta mayoral runoff election
7:
4041:1973 United States mayoral elections
3983:
4031:1973 Georgia (U.S. state) elections
3561:. Taylor and Francis. p. 266.
3951:
3660:Where Peachtree Meets Sweet Auburn
3623:Where Peachtree Meets Sweet Auburn
3586:Where Peachtree Meets Sweet Auburn
3517:Where Peachtree Meets Sweet Auburn
3485:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1977.tb01135.x
3288:. Weltner received the support of
14:
3967:
3139:was held on October 16, 1973, in
3991:
3975:
3943:
3383:
3357:
3258:Sam Massell was endorsed by the
202:
156:Mayor of Atlanta before election
79:
72:
24:
3927:
3448:Poinsett, Alex (January 1974).
3753:, The New Georgia Encyclopedia
3745:, The New Georgia Encyclopedia
3722:, The New Georgia Encyclopedia
1:
3730:, Georgia Public Broadcasting
3557:Harmon, David Andrew (1996).
3137:1973 Atlanta mayoral election
19:1973 Atlanta mayoral election
4036:Mayoral elections in Atlanta
3935:
3810:1973 United States elections
3284:, the powerful president of
3219:Atlanta Negro Voters League
3182:. Fowler defeated Reverend
4057:
3696:. Fulton County Government
42:October 16, 1973
3450:"1973: Year of Watergate"
3429:List of mayors of Atlanta
3405:
3353:
3350:
3347:
149:
64:
33:
23:
3656:Pomerantz, Gary (1996).
3619:Pomerantz, Gary (1996).
3582:Pomerantz, Gary (1996).
3513:Pomerantz, Gary (1996).
3270:The Atlanta Constitution
2758:House of Representatives
2607:Lieutenant gubernatorial
171:Elected Mayor of Atlanta
3306:Mayoral runoff election
3167:activist Debby Bustin,
3165:Socialist Workers Party
3769:By David Andrew Harmon
528:Presidential primaries
222:Presidential elections
610:U.S. Senate elections
3666:Simon & Schuster
3629:Simon & Schuster
3592:Simon & Schuster
3523:Simon & Schuster
3321:Atlanta Constitution
3237:Five Points, Atlanta
3180:Atlanta City Council
3178:as President of the
1026:U.S. House elections
196:Elections in Georgia
3341:
3290:The Atlanta Journal
3261:Atlanta Daily World
20:
3735:2009-11-07 at the
3339:
3282:Robert W. Woodruff
2811:Judicial elections
2651:Secretary of State
214:Federal government
120:Popular vote
4018:
4017:
3908:New Jersey Senate
3420:
3419:
3334:Sheraton Biltmore
3133:
3132:
3098:
3097:
3083:Mayoral elections
3065:
3064:
3040:Mayoral elections
3022:
3021:
2947:Mayoral elections
2857:
2856:
2827:Special elections
2158:
2157:
1627:Special elections
190:
189:
186:
185:
145:
144:
60:
59:
38:← 1969
4048:
4010:
4001:
3993:
3985:
3977:
3969:
3961:
3953:
3945:
3937:
3929:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3775:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3663:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3626:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3589:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3554:
3541:
3540:
3520:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3445:
3342:
3249:Atlanta Inquirer
3230:Mayoral campaign
3207:African-American
3141:Atlanta, Georgia
3125:
3118:
3111:
3080:
3037:
2928:
2675:Attorney General
2173:
2168:State government
2135:
2111:
2082:
2063:
2034:
2000:
1971:
1947:
1918:
1884:
1790:
1783:
1639:
578:
539:
219:
206:
205:
192:
152:
83:
76:
66:
65:
49:
47:
35:
34:
28:
21:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4014:
3974:New York City,
3912:
3899:
3892:
3867:
3860:
3824:
3817:
3802:
3743:Charles Weltner
3737:Wayback Machine
3720:Maynard Jackson
3715:
3710:
3709:
3699:
3697:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3680:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3643:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3606:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3569:
3556:
3555:
3544:
3537:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3497:
3495:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3437:
3425:
3368:Maynard Jackson
3325:Atlanta Journal
3308:
3299:
3297:Mayoral primary
3232:
3203:runoff election
3196:
3157:Charles Weltner
3145:Maynard Jackson
3129:
3100:
3099:
3077:
3067:
3066:
3034:
3024:
3023:
2925:
2915:
2914:
2881:Flag referendum
2869:
2867:Ballot measures
2859:
2858:
2176:State elections
2170:
2160:
2159:
2131:
2107:
2078:
2059:
2030:
1996:
1967:
1943:
1914:
1880:
1786:
1779:
1635:
574:
535:
216:
203:
178:
176:Maynard Jackson
173:
163:
158:
150:
93:Maynard Jackson
45:
43:
29:
12:
11:
5:
4054:
4052:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4023:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4004:
3995:
3987:
3979:
3971:
3963:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3922:
3920:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3904:
3902:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3878:
3872:
3870:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3829:
3827:
3819:
3818:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3763:
3755:
3747:
3739:
3724:
3714:
3713:External links
3711:
3708:
3707:
3685:
3678:
3648:
3641:
3611:
3604:
3574:
3567:
3542:
3535:
3505:
3479:(2): 223–238.
3459:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3390:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3364:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3317:Hosea Williams
3307:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3274:
3265:
3256:
3231:
3228:
3195:
3192:
3184:Hosea Williams
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3085:
3084:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3042:
3041:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2933:
2932:
2931:City elections
2926:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:Tax referendum
2907:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2762:
2761:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2708:
2707:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2679:
2678:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2655:
2654:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2611:
2610:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2247:
2246:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2178:
2177:
2171:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1784:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1630:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
612:
611:
607:
606:
605:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
571:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
530:
529:
525:
524:
523:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
224:
223:
217:
212:
211:
208:
207:
199:
198:
188:
187:
184:
183:
168:
147:
146:
143:
142:
139:
134:
130:
129:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
106:
102:
101:
96:
89:
85:
84:
77:
70:
62:
61:
58:
57:
51:
39:
31:
30:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4053:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4011:
4007:Springfield,
4005:
4003:
3998:Springfield,
3996:
3994:
3988:
3986:
3980:
3978:
3972:
3970:
3966:New Orleans,
3964:
3962:
3956:
3954:
3950:Los Angeles,
3948:
3946:
3940:
3938:
3932:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3915:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3895:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3863:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3820:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3799:
3794:
3792:
3787:
3785:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3751:Leroy Johnson
3748:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3681:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3661:
3652:
3649:
3644:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3625:
3624:
3615:
3612:
3607:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3588:
3587:
3578:
3575:
3570:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3519:
3518:
3509:
3506:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3463:
3460:
3455:
3451:
3444:
3441:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3305:
3303:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3278:Ivan Allen Jr
3275:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3254:
3253:Atlanta Voice
3250:
3246:
3245:Roberta Flack
3242:
3241:Gladys Knight
3238:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3215:Leroy Johnson
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3161:Leroy Johnson
3158:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3143:. Vice Mayor
3142:
3138:
3126:
3121:
3119:
3114:
3112:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3070:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3027:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2243:Gubernatorial
2240:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
615:
614:
613:
608:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
577:
573:
572:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
538:
534:
533:
532:
531:
526:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
227:
226:
225:
220:
215:
210:
209:
201:
200:
197:
193:
182:
181:
177:
172:
169:
167:
166:
162:
157:
154:
153:
148:
140:
138:
135:
132:
131:
127:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
95:
94:
90:
87:
86:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68:
67:
63:
56: →
55:
52:
50:
40:
37:
36:
32:
27:
22:
16:
3982:Pittsburgh,
3958:Manchester,
3925:
3900:legislatures
3814:→ 1974
3806:1972 ←
3766:
3758:
3750:
3742:
3727:
3719:
3698:. Retrieved
3688:
3659:
3651:
3622:
3614:
3585:
3577:
3558:
3516:
3508:
3498:November 24,
3496:. Retrieved
3476:
3472:
3462:
3453:
3443:
3414:
3409:
3406:Total votes
3378:
3373:
3366:
3330:
3324:
3320:
3309:
3300:
3289:
3268:
3259:
3252:
3248:
3197:
3188:
3176:Wyche Fowler
3173:
3169:Hare Krishna
3153:
3136:
3134:
2954:
2704:State Senate
174:
170:
159:
155:
136:
123:
91:
41:
15:
3990:St. Louis,
3934:Cleveland,
3846:Louisiana (
3834:at-large sp
3728:Sam Massell
3668:. pp.
3631:. pp.
3594:. pp.
3525:. pp.
3393:Sam Massell
3388:Nonpartisan
3362:Nonpartisan
3211:Horace Tate
3199:Sam Massell
3149:Sam Massell
2905:Amendment 2
2900:Amendment 1
2886:Amendment 1
161:Sam Massell
133:Percentage
114:Nonpartisan
109:Nonpartisan
99:Sam Massell
4025:Categories
3876:New Jersey
3853:Maryland (
3839:Illinois (
3759:Harold Dye
3679:0684807173
3642:0684807173
3605:0684807173
3568:0815324375
3536:0684807173
3435:References
3348:Candidate
3292:newspaper.
3223:John Lewis
3194:Background
576:Republican
537:Democratic
180:Democratic
165:Democratic
88:Candidate
46:1973-10-16
3942:Detroit,
3926:Atlanta,
3868:governors
3808:)
3286:Coca-Cola
3209:opponent
2834:Governor
2760:elections
2706:elections
2677:elections
2653:elections
2609:elections
2363:1883 (sp)
2338:1871 (sp)
2245:elections
3881:Virginia
3832:Alaska (
3812: (
3733:Archived
3423:See also
3410:122,903
3323:and the
3251:and the
3075:Mableton
3032:Savannah
1788:At-large
3886:Lt. Gov
3700:May 30,
3493:2561862
3398:49,300
3395:(inc.)
3217:of the
2923:Atlanta
230:1788–89
141:40.11%
128:49,300
69:
44: (
3918:Mayors
3898:State
3855:1st sp
3848:2nd sp
3841:7th sp
3694:"1973"
3676:
3672:–419.
3639:
3635:–416.
3602:
3565:
3533:
3529:–403.
3491:
3401:40.11
3374:73,603
3351:Votes
3345:Party
3280:. and
3247:. The
1637:Senate
137:59.88%
124:73,603
105:Party
3866:State
3825:House
3489:JSTOR
3454:Ebony
3379:59.88
1781:House
4002:(sp)
3823:U.S.
3702:2017
3674:ISBN
3637:ISBN
3600:ISBN
3563:ISBN
3531:ISBN
3500:2021
3415:100
3313:WQXI
3243:and
3135:The
3091:2023
3058:2023
3053:2019
3048:2015
3015:2021
3010:2017
3005:2013
3000:2009
2995:2005
2990:2001
2985:1997
2980:1993
2975:1989
2970:1985
2965:1981
2960:1977
2955:1973
2939:2009
2892:2020
2873:2004
2848:1948
2843:1883
2838:1871
2819:2024
2803:2024
2798:2022
2793:2020
2788:2018
2783:2016
2778:2014
2773:2012
2768:2010
2749:2024
2744:2022
2739:2020
2734:2018
2729:2016
2724:2014
2719:2012
2714:2010
2695:2022
2690:2018
2685:2014
2666:2022
2661:2018
2642:2022
2637:2018
2632:2002
2627:1998
2622:1994
2617:1990
2598:2026
2593:2022
2588:2018
2583:2014
2578:2010
2573:2006
2568:2002
2563:1998
2558:1994
2553:1990
2548:1986
2543:1982
2538:1978
2533:1974
2528:1970
2523:1966
2518:1962
2513:1958
2508:1954
2503:1950
2498:1948
2493:1946
2488:1942
2483:1940
2478:1938
2473:1936
2468:1934
2463:1932
2458:1930
2453:1928
2448:1926
2443:1924
2438:1922
2433:1910
2428:1908
2423:1906
2418:1904
2413:1902
2408:1900
2403:1898
2398:1896
2393:1894
2388:1892
2383:1890
2378:1888
2373:1886
2368:1884
2358:1882
2353:1880
2348:1876
2343:1872
2333:1868
2328:1855
2323:1853
2318:1851
2313:1849
2308:1847
2303:1845
2298:1843
2293:1841
2288:1839
2283:1837
2278:1835
2273:1833
2268:1831
2263:1829
2258:1827
2253:1825
2234:2024
2229:2022
2224:2020
2219:2018
2214:2016
2209:2014
2204:2012
2199:2010
2194:2008
2189:2006
2184:2000
2149:2007
2144:1933
2139:1895
2133:10th
2125:2010
2120:1877
2115:1875
2101:1940
2096:1917
2091:1882
2086:1873
2072:1983
2067:1958
2053:2017
2048:1999
2043:1932
2038:1870
2024:2020
2019:1977
2014:1946
2009:1929
2004:1870
1990:1939
1985:1918
1980:1872
1975:1871
1961:1932
1956:1896
1951:1846
1937:1953
1932:1913
1927:1910
1922:1827
1908:1931
1903:1906
1898:1879
1893:1827
1888:1792
1874:1844
1869:1843
1864:1841
1859:1837
1854:1836
1849:1835
1844:1831
1839:1829
1834:1824
1829:1819
1824:1816
1819:1813
1814:1812
1809:1806
1804:1803
1799:1802
1794:1801
1773:2020
1768:2000
1763:1972
1758:1932
1753:1922
1748:1914
1743:1911
1738:1907
1733:1894
1728:1882
1723:1880
1718:1845
1713:1837
1708:1835
1703:1833
1698:1829
1693:1828
1688:1824
1683:1821
1678:1819
1673:1818
1668:1816
1663:1813
1658:1809
1653:1807
1648:1806
1643:1796
1618:2024
1613:2022
1608:2020
1603:2018
1598:2016
1593:2014
1588:2012
1583:2010
1578:2008
1566:2006
1561:2004
1556:2002
1551:2000
1546:1998
1541:1996
1536:1994
1531:1992
1526:1990
1521:1988
1516:1986
1511:1984
1506:1982
1501:1980
1496:1978
1491:1976
1479:1974
1474:1972
1469:1970
1464:1968
1459:1966
1454:1964
1449:1962
1444:1960
1439:1958
1434:1956
1429:1954
1424:1952
1419:1950
1414:1948
1409:1946
1404:1944
1399:1942
1394:1940
1389:1938
1384:1936
1379:1934
1374:1932
1369:1930
1364:1928
1359:1926
1354:1924
1349:1922
1344:1920
1339:1918
1334:1916
1329:1914
1324:1912
1319:1910
1314:1908
1309:1906
1304:1904
1299:1902
1294:1900
1289:1898
1284:1896
1279:1894
1274:1892
1269:1890
1264:1888
1259:1886
1254:1884
1249:1882
1244:1880
1239:1878
1234:1876
1229:1874
1224:1872
1219:1870
1214:1868
1209:1859
1204:1857
1199:1855
1194:1853
1189:1851
1184:1848
1179:1846
1174:1844
1169:1842
1164:1840
1159:1838
1154:1836
1149:1834
1144:1832
1139:1830
1134:1828
1129:1826
1124:1824
1119:1822
1114:1820
1109:1818
1104:1816
1099:1814
1094:1812
1089:1810
1084:1808
1079:1806
1074:1804
1069:1802
1064:1800
1059:1798
1054:1796
1049:1794
1044:1792
1039:1791
1034:1789
1018:2028
1013:2026
1008:2022
1003:2020
998:2016
993:2014
988:2010
983:2008
978:2004
973:2002
968:2000
963:1998
958:1996
953:1992
948:1990
943:1986
938:1984
933:1980
928:1978
923:1974
918:1972
913:1968
908:1966
903:1962
898:1960
893:1956
888:1954
883:1950
878:1948
873:1944
868:1942
863:1938
858:1936
853:1932
848:1930
843:1926
838:1924
833:1920
828:1918
823:1914
818:1913
813:1909
808:1902
803:1900
798:1896
793:1894
788:1891
783:1888
778:1885
773:1883
768:1879
763:1877
758:1873
753:1871
748:1867
743:1858
738:1852
733:1847
728:1846
723:1843
718:1840
713:1837
708:1834
703:1828
698:1825
693:1824
688:1823
683:1819
678:1818
673:1816
668:1813
663:1806
658:1804
653:1800
648:1799
643:1798
638:1795
633:1794
628:1793
623:1792
618:1789
602:2024
597:2020
592:2016
587:2012
582:2008
568:2024
563:2020
558:2016
553:2008
548:2004
543:2000
520:2024
515:2020
510:2016
505:2012
500:2008
495:2004
490:2000
485:1996
480:1992
475:1988
470:1984
465:1980
460:1976
455:1972
450:1968
445:1964
440:1960
435:1956
430:1952
425:1948
420:1944
415:1940
410:1936
405:1932
400:1928
395:1924
390:1920
385:1916
380:1912
375:1908
370:1904
365:1900
360:1896
355:1892
350:1888
345:1884
340:1880
335:1876
330:1872
325:1868
320:1860
315:1856
310:1852
305:1848
300:1844
295:1840
290:1836
285:1832
280:1828
275:1824
270:1820
265:1816
260:1812
255:1808
250:1804
245:1800
240:1796
235:1792
54:1977
3670:417
3633:411
3596:410
3527:383
3481:doi
2109:9th
2080:8th
2061:7th
2032:6th
1998:5th
1969:4th
1945:3rd
1916:2nd
1882:1st
4027::
4009:MA
4000:MA
3992:MO
3984:PA
3976:NY
3968:LA
3960:NH
3952:CA
3944:MI
3936:OH
3928:GA
3664:.
3627:.
3598:.
3590:.
3545:^
3521:.
3487:.
3477:67
3475:.
3471:.
3452:.
3354:%
3205:.
3151:.
3857:)
3850:)
3843:)
3836:)
3816:)
3804:(
3797:e
3790:t
3783:v
3704:.
3682:.
3645:.
3608:.
3571:.
3539:.
3502:.
3483::
3273:.
3124:e
3117:t
3110:v
1571:4
1484:6
48:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
